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Child Unintentional Deaths and Injuries in New Zealand, and Prevention Strategies

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Child Unintentional Deaths and Injuries in New Zealand, and Prevention Strategies Child Unintentional Deaths and Injuries in New Zealand, and Prevention Strategies This report outlines New Zealand child injury data and effective or promising injury prevention strategies Executive Summary 1. Introduction 3 Land transport injuries 4 Choking, Suffocation and Strangulation 2 Child unintentional injuries in New Zealand: A snapshot of recent trends 5 Falls 6 Drowning 7 Inanimate mechanical forces 8 Animate mechanical forces 9 Poisoning 10 Burns and scalds Use this colour guide to find the injury topic immediately from the fore edge of this book. Child Unintentional Deaths and Injuries in New Zealand, and Prevention Strategies Safekids Aotearoa Suggested citation: Safekids Aotearoa. (2015). Child Unintentional Deaths and Injuries in New Zealand, and Prevention Strategies. Auckland, NZ: Safekids Aotearoa. You are welcome to use information from this publication as long as you acknowledge Safekids Aotearoa as the source. Safekids Aotearoa 5th Floor, Cornwall Complex, 40 Claude Road, Epsom, Auckland 1023 PO Box 26488, Epsom, Auckland 1344 New Zealand P. +64 9 9955 F. +64 9 630 9961 ISBN: 978-0-9941125-7-6 (Print) ISBN: 978-0-9941125-8-3 (Online) Published December 2015 Disclaimer Safekids Aotearoa has endeavoured to ensure material in this document is technically accurate and reflects legal requirements. However, the document does not override legislation. Safekids Aotearoa does not accept liability for any consequences arising from the use of this document. If the user of this document is unsure whether the material is correct, they should make direct reference to the relevant legislation and contact Safekids Aotearoa. This publication updates information contained in Analysis of unintentional child injury data in New Zealand: Mortality (2001-2005) and Morbidity (2003-2007). Auckland: Safekids Aotearoa. Acknowledgements: Safekids Aotearoa wishes to acknowledge the contribution of a range of people and organisations, in particular, we wish to thank: The Ministry of Health - for providing Safekids New Zealand with the necessary funds required to undertake this project; Dr Liz Craig – Former Director, NZ Child and Youth Epidemiology Service (University of Otago); Dr Jean Simpson – Director, New Zealand Child & Youth Epidemiology Service; Dr Sara Bennett – Independent Consultant; Brandon DeGraff – University of Otago, Injury Prevention Research Unit; Alex Woodley – Director, Point Research; Ally Palmer – Point Research; Moses Alatini – Policy Analyst, Safekids Aotearoa; Team at Safekids Aotearoa. Note: While the University of Otago’s Injury Prevention Research Unit provided a number of data tables for this report, all interpretation of the data has been undertaken by Safekids Aotearoa and Point Research. The views expressed in this report are thus those of Safekids Aotearoa rather than those of the University of Otago’s Injury Prevention Research Unit. Child Unintentional Deaths and Injuries in New Zealand, and Prevention Strategies 1 2 Child Unintentional Deaths and Injuries in New Zealand, and Prevention Strategies Child Unintentional Deaths and Injuries in New Zealand, and Prevention Strategies 3 Table of Contents Executive Summary ......................................................... 7 6 Drowning .................................................................49 The big picture ....................................................50 1 Introduction ..............................................................8 Changes over time ..............................................50 1.1 Report purpose .....................................................8 Distribution by age, gender, and ethnicity ............ 51 1.2 Data sources and methods ....................................9 Relevant legislation and standards ......................52 The Fencing of Swimming Pool Act ..................52 2 Child unintentional injuries in New Zealand: Life jacket standard ........................................52 A snapshot of recent trends ......................................11 Prevention ..........................................................52 2.1 Deaths from unintentional injury ........................ 12 The big picture .................................................... 12 7 Inanimate mechanical forces (crushing, cutting, Leading causes ................................................... 13 piercing, jamming injuries from objects) .................. 55 Changes over time .............................................. 14 The big picture ....................................................56 Distribution by age, gender, and ethnicity ............ 14 Changes over time ..............................................56 2.2 Hospitalisations from unintentional injury .......... 16 Leading cause by age group ................................ 57 Leading causes ................................................... 16 Distribution by gender and ethnicity .................... 57 Changes over time .............................................. 17 Design and standards .........................................58 Distribution by age, gender, and ethnicity ............ 18 Prevention ..........................................................59 2.3 International comparisons .................................20 2.4 Prevention Approach .......................................... 21 8 Animate mechanical forces (bites, stings, injuries from Good practice ..................................................... 21 humans, animals, insects etc.) ................................. 61 Limitations ......................................................... 21 The big picture ....................................................62 Changes over time ..............................................62 3 Land transport injuries ............................................ 23 Leading cause by age group ................................62 3.1 Motor vehicle traffic crashes (MVTCs) ................. 24 Distribution by gender and ethnicity ....................63 The Big Picture ....................................................24 Relevant legislation and standards ......................65 Changes over time ..............................................24 Prevention ..........................................................65 Distribution by age, gender and ethnicity .............25 Distribution by region .........................................26 9 Poisoning ................................................................ 67 Internationally ....................................................27 The big picture ....................................................68 Prevention ..........................................................27 Changes over time ..............................................68 Further information and resources .......................28 Leading cause by age group ................................69 3.2 Non-Motor Vehicle Traffic (NMVT) Injuries ........... 29 Distribution by gender and ethnicity ....................70 The big picture ....................................................29 Relevant legislation and standards ......................70 Changes over time ..............................................29 Prevention ..........................................................70 Leading causes by age group ...............................30 Further information and resources ....................... 71 Distribution by gender, ethnicity, and region ........ 31 Prevention ..........................................................32 10 Burns ...................................................................... 73 Further information and resources .......................33 The big picture .................................................... 74 Cyclist safety ......................................................34 Changes over time .............................................. 74 Relevant legislation and standards ..................34 Leading cause by age group ................................ 74 Bicycle standard ..............................................34 Distribution by gender and ethnicity .................... 75 Further information and resources .......................35 Relevant legislation and standards ...................... 75 Prevention .......................................................... 75 4 Choking, Suffocation and Strangulation ................... 37 The big picture ....................................................38 Prevention References ...................................................80 Changes over time ..............................................38 Appendix A: Further information on data and methods ... 81 Leading causes of suffocation, strangulation Injury codes ................................................................ 81 and choking ........................................................39 Distribution by gender and ethnicity. ...................40 Appendix B: Additional tables .......................................82 Relevant legislation and standards ......................40 Glossary .......................................................................86 Prevention ..........................................................40 Further information and resources .......................40 Section References ....................................................... 87 Motor vehicle .............................................................87 5 Falls ....................................................................... 43 Non Motor Vehicle References .....................................88 The big
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