Phylogenetic Relationships Within Chrysogorgia (Alcyonacea
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Table B – Subclass Octocorallia
Table B – Subclass Octocorallia BINOMEN ORDER SUBORDER FAMILY SUBFAMILY GENUS SPECIES SUBSPECIES COMN_NAMES AUTHORITY SYNONYMS #Records Acanella arbuscula Alcyonacea Calcaxonia Isididae n/a Acanella arbuscula n/a n/a n/a n/a 59 Acanthogorgia armata Alcyonacea Holaxonia Acanthogorgiidae n/a Acanthogorgia armata n/a n/a Verrill, 1878 n/a 95 Anthomastus agassizii Alcyonacea Alcyoniina Alcyoniidae n/a Anthomastus agassizii n/a n/a (Verrill, 1922) n/a 35 Anthomastus grandiflorus Alcyonacea Alcyoniina Alcyoniidae n/a Anthomastus grandiflorus n/a n/a Verrill, 1878 Anthomastus purpureus 37 Anthomastus sp. Alcyonacea Alcyoniina Alcyoniidae n/a Anthomastus sp. n/a n/a Verrill, 1878 n/a 1 Anthothela grandiflora Alcyonacea Scleraxonia Anthothelidae n/a Anthothela grandiflora n/a n/a (Sars, 1856) n/a 24 Capnella florida Alcyonacea n/a Nephtheidae n/a Capnella florida n/a n/a (Verrill, 1869) Eunephthya florida 44 Capnella glomerata Alcyonacea n/a Nephtheidae n/a Capnella glomerata n/a n/a (Verrill, 1869) Eunephthya glomerata 4 Chrysogorgia agassizii Alcyonacea Holaxonia Acanthogorgiidae Chrysogorgiidae Chrysogorgia agassizii n/a n/a (Verrill, 1883) n/a 2 Clavularia modesta Alcyonacea n/a Clavulariidae n/a Clavularia modesta n/a n/a (Verrill, 1987) n/a 6 Clavularia rudis Alcyonacea n/a Clavulariidae n/a Clavularia rudis n/a n/a (Verrill, 1922) n/a 1 Gersemia fruticosa Alcyonacea Alcyoniina Alcyoniidae n/a Gersemia fruticosa n/a n/a Marenzeller, 1877 n/a 3 Keratoisis flexibilis Alcyonacea Calcaxonia Isididae n/a Keratoisis flexibilis n/a n/a Pourtales, 1868 n/a 1 Lepidisis caryophyllia Alcyonacea n/a Isididae n/a Lepidisis caryophyllia n/a n/a Verrill, 1883 Lepidisis vitrea 13 Muriceides sp. -
Deep-Sea Origin and In-Situ Diversification of Chrysogorgiid Octocorals
Deep-Sea Origin and In-Situ Diversification of Chrysogorgiid Octocorals Eric Pante1*¤, Scott C. France1, Arnaud Couloux2, Corinne Cruaud2, Catherine S. McFadden3, Sarah Samadi4, Les Watling5,6 1 Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States of America, 2 GENOSCOPE, Centre National de Se´quenc¸age, Evry, France, 3 Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California, United States of America, 4 De´partement Syste´matique et Evolution, UMR 7138 UPMC-IRD-MNHN- CNRS (UR IRD 148), Muse´um national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France, 5 Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America, 6 Darling Marine Center, University of Maine, Walpole, Maine, United States of America Abstract The diversity, ubiquity and prevalence in deep waters of the octocoral family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883 make it noteworthy as a model system to study radiation and diversification in the deep sea. Here we provide the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Chrysogorgiidae, and compare phylogeny and depth distribution. Phylogenetic relationships among 10 of 14 currently-described Chrysogorgiidae genera were inferred based on mitochondrial (mtMutS, cox1) and nuclear (18S) markers. Bathymetric distribution was estimated from multiple sources, including museum records, a literature review, and our own sampling records (985 stations, 2345 specimens). Genetic analyses suggest that the Chrysogorgiidae as currently described is a polyphyletic family. Shallow-water genera, and two of eight deep-water genera, appear more closely related to other octocoral families than to the remainder of the monophyletic, deep-water chrysogorgiid genera. Monophyletic chrysogorgiids are composed of strictly (Iridogorgia Verrill, 1883, Metallogorgia Versluys, 1902, Radicipes Stearns, 1883, Pseudochrysogorgia Pante & France, 2010) and predominantly (Chrysogorgia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) deep-sea genera that diversified in situ. -
Guide to the Identification of Precious and Semi-Precious Corals in Commercial Trade
'l'llA FFIC YvALE ,.._,..---...- guide to the identification of precious and semi-precious corals in commercial trade Ernest W.T. Cooper, Susan J. Torntore, Angela S.M. Leung, Tanya Shadbolt and Carolyn Dawe September 2011 © 2011 World Wildlife Fund and TRAFFIC. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-0-9693730-3-2 Reproduction and distribution for resale by any means photographic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or information storage and retrieval systems of any parts of this book, illustrations or texts is prohibited without prior written consent from World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Reproduction for CITES enforcement or educational and other non-commercial purposes by CITES Authorities and the CITES Secretariat is authorized without prior written permission, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Any reproduction, in full or in part, of this publication must credit WWF and TRAFFIC North America. The views of the authors expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC network, WWF, or the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The designation of geographical entities in this publication and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WWF, TRAFFIC, or IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The TRAFFIC symbol copyright and Registered Trademark ownership are held by WWF. TRAFFIC is a joint program of WWF and IUCN. Suggested citation: Cooper, E.W.T., Torntore, S.J., Leung, A.S.M, Shadbolt, T. and Dawe, C. -
Genetic Divergence and Polyphyly in the Octocoral Genus Swiftia [Cnidaria: Octocorallia], Including a Species Impacted by the DWH Oil Spill
diversity Article Genetic Divergence and Polyphyly in the Octocoral Genus Swiftia [Cnidaria: Octocorallia], Including a Species Impacted by the DWH Oil Spill Janessy Frometa 1,2,* , Peter J. Etnoyer 2, Andrea M. Quattrini 3, Santiago Herrera 4 and Thomas W. Greig 2 1 CSS Dynamac, Inc., 10301 Democracy Lane, Suite 300, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA 2 Hollings Marine Laboratory, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Sciences, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 331 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; [email protected] (P.J.E.); [email protected] (T.W.G.) 3 Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA; [email protected] 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, 111 Research Dr, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) are recognized around the world as diverse and ecologically important habitats. In the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoMx), MCEs are rocky reefs with abundant black corals and octocorals, including the species Swiftia exserta. Surveys following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in 2010 revealed significant injury to these and other species, the restoration of which requires an in-depth understanding of the biology, ecology, and genetic diversity of each species. To support a larger population connectivity study of impacted octocorals in the Citation: Frometa, J.; Etnoyer, P.J.; GoMx, this study combined sequences of mtMutS and nuclear 28S rDNA to confirm the identity Quattrini, A.M.; Herrera, S.; Greig, Swiftia T.W. -
Primnoidae (Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) from the Emperor Seamounts, with Notes on Callogorgia Elegans (Gray, 1870)
Primnoidae (Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) from the Emperor Seamounts, with Notes on Callogorgia elegans (Gray, 1870) Stephen D. Cairns, Robert P. Stone, Hye-Won Moon, Jong Hee Lee Pacific Science, Volume 72, Number 1, January 2018, pp. 125-142 (Article) Published by University of Hawai'i Press For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/683173 [ This content has been declared free to read by the pubisher during the COVID-19 pandemic. ] Primnoidae (Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) from the Emperor Seamounts, with Notes on Callogorgia elegans (Gray, 1870)1 Stephen D. Cairns,2,6 Robert P. Stone,3 Hye-Won Moon,4 and Jong Hee Lee 5 Abstract: Six primnoid species are reported from depths of 280 – 480 m from the southern Emperor Seamounts, including two new species (Callogorgia imperialis and Thouarella taylorae). Only the new species are fully described and illustrated. Also, Callogorgia elegans, which has a confused taxonomic history, is discussed and illustrated. Not unexpectedly, the Emperor Seamount primnoids have a strong affinity with the fauna of the Hawaiian Islands, an affinity that is expected to increase as more collecting is done in the region. The United Nations General Assembly nations around the world are developing pro- approved Resolution 61/105 in December tocol and policy on fishing encounters with 2006 ( United Nations General Assembly 2007) the sensitive biota (Durán Muñoz et al. 2012). that calls on States to directly, or through Here we report on collections made on fish- Regional Fisheries Management Organiza- ing vessels in the Emperor Seamounts, North tions, apply a precautionary ecosystem ap- Pacific Ocean, as part of a joint project be- proach to sustainably manage fish stocks and tween the United States and the Republic of protect vulnerable marine ecosystems ( VMEs) Korea. -
Chapter 9. State of Deep-Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the U.S
State of Deep‐Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the Northeast United States Chapter 9 in The State of Deep‐Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the United States Report Recommended citation: Packer DB, Nizinski MS, Bachman MS, Drohan AF, Poti M, Kinlan BP (2017) State of Deep‐Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the Northeast United States. In: Hourigan TF, Etnoyer, PJ, Cairns, SD (eds.). The State of Deep‐Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the United States. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS‐OHC‐4, Silver Spring, MD. 62 p. Available online: http://deepseacoraldata.noaa.gov/library. An octopus hides in a rock wall dotted with cup coral and soft coral in Welker Canyon off New England. Courtesy of the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research. STATE OF DEEP‐SEA CORAL AND SPONGE ECOSYSTEMS OF THE NORTHEAST UNITED STATES STATE OF DEEP-SEA CORAL AND SPONGE David B. Packer1*, ECOSYSTEMS OF THE Martha S. NORTHEAST UNITED Nizinski2, Michelle S. STATES Bachman3, Amy F. Drohan1, I. Introduction Matthew Poti4, The Northeast region extends from Maine to North Carolina ends at and Brian P. the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). It encompasses the 4 continental shelf and slope of Georges Bank, southern New Kinlan England, and the Mid‐Atlantic Bight to Cape Hatteras as well as four New England Seamounts (Bear, Physalia, Mytilus, and 1 NOAA Habitat Ecology Retriever) located off the continental shelf near Georges Bank (Fig. Branch, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 1). Of particular interest in the region is the Gulf of Maine, a semi‐ Sandy Hook, NJ enclosed, separate “sea within a sea” bounded by the Scotian Shelf * Corresponding Author: to the north (U.S. -
Hourigan TF, Etnoyer PJ, Cairns SD (2017) Introduction to the State of Deep‐Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the United States
Introduction to the State of Deep-Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the United States Chapter 1 in The State of Deep‐Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the United States Report Recommended citation: Hourigan TF, Etnoyer PJ, Cairns SD (2017) Introduction to the State of Deep‐Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the United States. In: Hourigan TF, Etnoyer, PJ, Cairns, SD (eds.). The State of Deep‐Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the United States. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS‐OHC‐4, Silver Spring, MD. 38 p. Available online: http://deepseacoraldata.noaa.gov/library. Iridogorgia soft coral with squat lobsters in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Courtesy of the NOAA Office of Ocean xii Exploration and Research. INTRODUCTION TO THE STATE OF DEEP‐SEA CORAL AND SPONGE ECOSYSTEMS OF THE UNITED STATES INTRODUCTION TO THE Thomas F. STATE OF DEEP-SEA Hourigan1*, Peter J. CORAL AND SPONGE Etnoyer2, and ECOSYSTEMS OF THE Stephen D. Cairns3 UNITED STATES 1 NOAA Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program, Office of Habitat Conservation, Silver I. Introduction Spring, MD * Corresponding Author: Large, long‐lived, sessile organisms contribute structural [email protected] complexity to seafloor habitats and play an important role in marine ecosystems. In deep or cold oceanic waters, corals and 2 NOAA Center for Coastal sponges are the most important organisms forming such biogenic Monitoring and Assessment, National habitats (Roberts et al. 2009, Buhl‐Mortensen et al. 2010, Hogg et al. Centers for Coastal Ocean 2010, Rossi et al. 2017). They increase the physical heterogeneity of Science, Charleston, SC habitat, provide refuge and substrate, increase the number and 3 National Museum of availability of micro‐habitats for other organisms, and thereby Natural History, create hotspots of biological diversity in the deep sea. -
CNIDARIA Corals, Medusae, Hydroids, Myxozoans
FOUR Phylum CNIDARIA corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans STEPHEN D. CAIRNS, LISA-ANN GERSHWIN, FRED J. BROOK, PHILIP PUGH, ELLIOT W. Dawson, OscaR OcaÑA V., WILLEM VERvooRT, GARY WILLIAMS, JEANETTE E. Watson, DENNIS M. OPREsko, PETER SCHUCHERT, P. MICHAEL HINE, DENNIS P. GORDON, HAMISH J. CAMPBELL, ANTHONY J. WRIGHT, JUAN A. SÁNCHEZ, DAPHNE G. FAUTIN his ancient phylum of mostly marine organisms is best known for its contribution to geomorphological features, forming thousands of square Tkilometres of coral reefs in warm tropical waters. Their fossil remains contribute to some limestones. Cnidarians are also significant components of the plankton, where large medusae – popularly called jellyfish – and colonial forms like Portuguese man-of-war and stringy siphonophores prey on other organisms including small fish. Some of these species are justly feared by humans for their stings, which in some cases can be fatal. Certainly, most New Zealanders will have encountered cnidarians when rambling along beaches and fossicking in rock pools where sea anemones and diminutive bushy hydroids abound. In New Zealand’s fiords and in deeper water on seamounts, black corals and branching gorgonians can form veritable trees five metres high or more. In contrast, inland inhabitants of continental landmasses who have never, or rarely, seen an ocean or visited a seashore can hardly be impressed with the Cnidaria as a phylum – freshwater cnidarians are relatively few, restricted to tiny hydras, the branching hydroid Cordylophora, and rare medusae. Worldwide, there are about 10,000 described species, with perhaps half as many again undescribed. All cnidarians have nettle cells known as nematocysts (or cnidae – from the Greek, knide, a nettle), extraordinarily complex structures that are effectively invaginated coiled tubes within a cell. -
Deep-Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Northeast Region: Depth and Geographical Distribution (V
Deep-Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Northeast Region: Depth and Geographical Distribution (v. 2020) by David B. Packer1, Martha S. Nizinski2, Stephen D. Cairns3, 4 and Thomas F. Hourigan 1. NOAA Habitat Ecology Branch, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Sandy Hook, NJ 2. NOAA National Systematics Laboratory Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 3. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 4. NOAA Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program, Office of Habitat Conservation, Silver Spring, MD This annex to the U.S. Northeast chapter in “The State of Deep-Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the United States” provides a revised and updated list of deep-sea coral taxa in the Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa, known to occur in U.S. waters from Maine to Cape Hatteras (Figure 1). Deep-sea corals are defined as azooxanthellate, heterotrophic coral species occurring in waters 50 meters deep or more. Details are provided on the vertical and geographic extent of each species (Table 1). This list is adapted from Packer et al. (2017) with the addition of new species and range extensions into Northeast U.S. waters reported through 2020, along with a number of species previously not included. No new species have been described from this region since 2017. Taxonomic names are generally those currently accepted in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), and are arranged by order, then alphabetically by family, genus, and species. Data sources (references) listed are those principally used to establish geographic and depth distributions. The total number of distinct deep-sea corals documented for the U.S. -
16, Marriott Long Wharf, Boston, Ma
2016 MA, USA BOSTON, WHARF, MARRIOTT LONG -16, 11 SEPTEMBER 6th International Symposium on Deep-Sea Corals, Boston, MA, USA, 11-16 September 2016 Greetings to the Participants of the 6th International Symposium on Deep-Sea Corals We are very excited to welcome all of you to this year’s symposium in historic Boston, Massachusetts. While you are in Boston, we hope that you have a chance to take some time to see this wonderful city. There is a lot to offer right nearby, from the New England Aquarium right here on Long Wharf to Faneuil Hall, which is just across the street. A further exploration might take you to the restaurants and wonderful Italian culture of the North End, the gardens and swan boats of Boston Common, the restaurants of Beacon Hill, the shops of Newbury Street, the campus of Harvard University (across the river in Cambridge) and the eclectic square just beyond its walls, or the multitude of art and science museums that the city has to offer. We have a great program lined up for you. We will start off Sunday evening with a welcome celebration at the New England Aquarium. On Monday, the conference will commence with a survey of the multitude of deep-sea coral habitats around the world and cutting edge techniques for finding and studying them. We will conclude the first day with a look at how these diverse and fragile ecosystems are managed. On Monday evening, we will have the first poster session followed by the debut of the latest State“ of the Deep-Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the U.S.” report. -
Deep-Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Southeast Region: Depth and Geographic Distribution (V
Deep-Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Southeast Region: Depth and Geographic Distribution (v. 2020) by Thomas F. Hourigan1, Stephen D. Cairns2, John K. Reed3, and Steve W. Ross4 1. NOAA Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program, Office of Habitat Conservation, Silver Spring, MD 2. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 3. Cooperative Institute of Ocean Exploration, Research, and Technology, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL 4. Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina, Wilmington This annex to the U.S. Southeast chapter in “The State of Deep-Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems in the United States” provides a list of deep-sea coral taxa in the Phylum Cnidaria, Classes Anthozoa and Hydrozoa, known to occur in U.S. waters from Cape Hatteras to the Florida Keys (Figure 1). Deep-sea corals are defined as azooxanthellate, heterotrophic coral species occurring in waters 50 meters deep or more. Details are provided on the vertical and geographic extent of each species (Table 1). This list is an update of the peer-reviewed 2017 list (Hourigan et al. 2017) and includes taxa recognized through 2019, including one newly described species. Taxonomic names are generally those currently accepted in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), and are arranged by order, and alphabetically within order by family, genus, and species. Data sources (references) listed are those principally used to establish geographic and depth distribution. Figure 1. U.S. Southeast region delimiting the geographic boundaries considered in this work. The region extends from Cape Hatteras to the Florida Keys and includes the Jacksonville Lithoherms (JL), Blake Plateau (BP), Oculina Coral Mounds (OC), Miami Terrace (MT), Pourtalès Terrace (PT), Florida Straits (FS), and Agassiz/Tortugas Valleys (AT). -
(Anthozoa: Alcyonacea: Ellisellidae) in the Persian Gulf
Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e33089 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.7.e33089 Short Communications First record of Viminella sp. (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea: Ellisellidae) in the Persian Gulf Shemshad Shahbazi‡, Nasrin Sakhaei‡, Hossein Zolgharnein§, Catherine S McFadden| ‡ Department of Marine Biology, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran § Department of Marine Biology, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran | Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA, United States of America Corresponding author: Shemshad Shahbazi ([email protected]) Academic editor: Danwei Huang Received: 14 Jan 2019 | Accepted: 01 Feb 2019 | Published: 18 Jun 2019 Citation: Shahbazi S, Sakhaei N, Zolgharnein H, McFadden C (2019) First record of Viminella sp. (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea: Ellisellidae) in the Persian Gulf. Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e33089. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e33089 Abstract This paper presents the first record of Viminella Gray 1870 from the Persian Gulf. This genus has a global distribution and its largest distribution is in the Indo-Pacific region. A single specimen was collected by a local fisherman from south Hengam Island (the north Persian Gulf) from 60-70 m depth. Colony morphology characteristics were examined by stereomicroscope and optical microscope. Descriptions of the colony and other taxonomic characteristics are provided. The colony is unbranched with a height of 12 cm and its basal diameter is approximately 1.63 mm. The sclerites of the coenenchyme comprise a variety of symmetrical double heads and capstan-like forms (0.05-0.11 mm). In the wall of calyces, slightly elongated double heads, capstans and spindles (about 0.08-0.19 mm) are present.