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Zoosystema 32 (4) : 595-612 Pseudochrysogorgia bellona n. gen., n. sp.: a new genus and species of chrysogorgiid octocoral (Coelenterata, Anthozoa) from the Coral Sea Eric PANTE Scott C. FRANCE Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 42451, Lafayette LA 70504 (USA) [email protected] [email protected] Pante E. & France S. C. 2010. — Pseudochrysogorgia bellona n. gen., n. sp.: a new genus and species of chrysogorgiid octocoral (Coelenterata, Anthozoa) from the Coral Sea. Zoosystema 32 (4) : 595-612. ABSTRACT A new genus and species of deep-sea Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883, Pseudo- chrysogorgia bellona n. gen. n. sp., is described from colonies collected in the KEY WORDS Coral Sea, West of New Caledonia (southwestern Pacifi c Ocean). Th ese specimens Cnidaria, Coelenterata, bear resemblance to the genera Chrysogorgia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Anthozoa, (dichotomously-subdivided branches arising from the main stem in a spiraling Octocorallia, fashion; polyps characterized by ornamented sclerites) and Metallo gorgia Calcaxonia, Chrysogorgiidae, Versluys, 1902 (colony monopodial, hexagonal branching pattern). Additional New Caledonia, material collected North of New Zealand (Otara Seamount) is used to complete New Zealand, the description of this new genus. Its taxonomic rank is discussed in light of monopodial stem, new genus, morphology- and DNA-based phylogenetic inference and analysis of genetic new species. distances among deep-sea chrysogorgiid genera. RÉSUMÉ Pseudochrysogorgia bellona n. gen, n. sp. : un genre nouveau et une nouvelle espèce d’octocorail Chrysogorgiidae (Coelenterata, Anthozoa) de la Mer de Corail. Un nouveau genre et une nouvelle espèce de Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883 de grande profondeur, Pseudochrysogorgia bellona n. gen., n. sp., sont décrits à partir de colonies échantillonnées en Mer de Corail, à l’ouest de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (Pacifi que sud-ouest). Ces spécimens ressemblent aux genres Chrysogorgia MOTS CLÉS Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (branches subdivisées de façon dichotomique Cnidaria, et émergeant du tronc principal en spirale ; polypes caractérisés par des sclérites Coelenterata, Anthozoa, ornementés) et Metallo gorgia Versluys, 1902 (colonie monopodiale, ramifi cation Octocorallia, des branches selon un motif hexagonal). Du matériel supplémentaire, prélevé Calcaxonia, Chrysogorgiidae, au nord de la Nouvelle-Zélande (Otara Seamount), est utilisé pour compléter Nouvelle-Calédonie, la description de ce nouveau genre. Son rang taxonomique est discuté à Nouvelle-Zélande, partir d’une analyse phylogénétique basée sur des données morphologiques et tronc monopodial, nouveau genre, moléculaires, ainsi qu'à partir d’une analyse des distances génétiques entre les nouvelle espèce. genres de coraux chrysogorgiidés. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2010 • 32 (4) © Publications Scientifi ques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.zoosystema.com 595 Pante E. & France S. C. INTRODUCTION MATERIAL AND METHODS Th e family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883 is distributed ABBREVIATIONS worldwide within a wide depth-range (10 to 3375 m; CP chalut à perche (beam trawl); Cairns 2001). Most species (> 75%) seem restricted EBISCO Exploration de la Biodiversité et Isolement en Mer de Corail; to deep water, inhabiting soft and hard bottoms. MNHN Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris; Although there is no published quantifi cation of their NIWA National Institute of Water & Atmospheric abundance, chrysogorgiids are considered relatively Research, Wellington; common by deep-sea biologists, and often co-occur SEM scanning-electron microscopy; with isidids and primnoids. Recent expeditions using stn station; USNM United States National Museum, Washington remotely-operated vehicles (ROVs) (MOUNTAINS DC. INTHESEA, 2003-2004 and DEEP ATLANTIC STEPPING STONES, 2005; northwestern Atlantic) revealed chrysogorgiids as among the tallest and most MATERIAL majestic octocoral colonies inhabiting the Corner and Th is study is based on the examination of two colonies New England Seamounts (Watling 2007). collected in October 2005 during the cruise EBISCO While a few genera are relatively diverse, most (Tropical Deep-sea Benthos program; French vessel comprise few species, and are known from only a NO Alis), organized by the MNHN. Both colonies few specimens. For instance, the genus Chrysogor- were trawled at the same station on the Bellona gia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (> 60 nomi- Plateau, West of New Caledonia (southwestern Pacifi c nal species) is one of the most speciose of the 274 Ocean). Colonies were preserved in 80% ethanol and alcyonacean genera, yet 12 of the 13 chrysogorgiid are deposited at the MNHN. Additional material genera consist of fewer than 10 nominal species. was provided by the NIWA Invertebrate Collection. Th is “taxonomic asymmetry” could be due to the Th ese colonies were collected in November 2004 evolutionary history of the family. However, the on Otara Seamount, on the southern end of the relatively limited number of taxonomists working Kermadec Ridge, North of New Zealand. Th ey were on the Chrysogorgiidae, and the diffi culty of ob- preserved in ethanol, and are held at the NIWA. We taining specimens (most chrysogorgiids are found were not able to examine whole specimens from the in the deep-sea), could signifi cantly bias our view NIWA collection, and therefore we were not able of the diversity within this group. to assess all morphological characters. However, we Th e Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, could establish that polyp and sclerite morphology, hosts a large collection of octocorals from cruises and sclerite orientation were consistent with the that were aimed at describing biodiversity in the MNHN material. In addition, DNA sequences from Indo-Pacifi c (Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos program; the mitochondrial gene msh1 were identical. Th ere is formerly MUSORSTOM). Th e present contribution therefore little doubt that these specimens belong to is part of a larger research eff ort aiming at character- the same taxon as the MNHN material. NIWA 16273 izing the chrysogorgiid fauna from these collections. was preserved with an intact holdfast, which is absent Herein, we describe Pseudo chrysogorgia bellona n. gen. from all other colonies available. Th is specimen was n. sp., a new genus and species within the family therefore included in the type series. Comparative Chrysogorgiidae, provide a revised dichotomous key material of Chrysogorgia and Metallo gorgia was made to the common deep-sea genera of chrysogorgiid cor- available by the MNHN and the NIWA. Th ese speci- als, and present for the fi rst time SEM photographs mens are C. admete Bayer & Stefani, 1988 (holotype; for the polyps and sclerites of Metallo gorgia Versluys, MNHN-IC.0000-0274), M. melanotrichos (Wright & 1902, phylogenetically the closest relative of Pseudo- Studer, 1889) (NIWA 43024) and M. macrospina chrysogorgia n. gen. Comparing polyps and sclerites Kükenthal, 1919 (MNHN-IK-2008-1042). Polyps of Meta llogorgia and Pseudo chrysogorgia n. gen. will from MAN806-1, a specimen of M. melanotrichos help to distinguish these genera unequivocally. collected on Manning Seamount (NW Atlantic) in 596 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2010 • 32 (4) A new Chrysogorgiidae (Coelenterata, Anthozoa) from the South-West Pacifi c TABLE 1. — List of specimens examined in this study. Specimens with three associated GenBank accession numbers were used in the DNA-based phylogenetic analysis. Where there is only one GenBank accession number, it corresponds to msh1. The isolate corresponds to the genetic subsample maintained in the SCF Lab at UL Lafayette. Voucher in italics: type material. GenBank (msh1, Species Isolate Voucher Sampling Depth (m) Lat. Long. cox1, 18S) Calyptrophora wyvillei LAD36 USNM 20.IX.1996 1225 20.470 -157.149 EU293801, Wright, 1885 98815 GQ868317, HM590863 Narella dichotoma LAD12 USNM 20.IX.1996 1451 20.470 -157.149 EU293800, Versluys, 1906 98831 GQ868316, HM590862 Chrysogorgia admete 340617 MNHN-IC. 13.IV.1978 390 -22.817 167.200 Bayer & Stefani, 1988 0000-0274 Chrysogorgia chryseis CR106-2 18.VIII.1993 1010 18.777 -158.247 DQ297421, Bayer & Stefani, 1988 GQ868308, AF052913 Iridogorgia KEL403-2 YPM 38580 19.V.2004 2311 38.779 -63.963 DQ860108, magnispiralis Watling, DQ860111, 2007 FJ526216 Metallo gorgia macro- HAL2033-2 MNHN-IK- 12.XI.1996 699-1280 -25.317 168.967 spina Kükenthal, 1919 2008-1042 Metallo gorgia melano- LYM210-1 14.VIII.2005 2143 35.194 -47.677 GQ180151, trichos (Wright & FJ268630, Studer, 1889) FJ526214 Metallo gorgia MAN806-1 16.V.2004 1485 38.144 -61.941 melanotrichos Metallo gorgia NIWA 43024 NIWA 43024 11.II.1996 1292-1496 -35.366 178.553 GQ180146 melanotrichos Pseudochrysogorgia EBI 2557-1 MNHN-IC. 12.X.2005 800-923 -21.117 158.500 GQ868331 bellona n. gen., n. sp. 2008-006 Pseudochrysogorgia EBI 2557-2 MNHN-IC. 12.X.2005 800-923 -21.117 158.500 GQ868332, bellona n. gen., n. sp. 2008-007 GQ868310, HM590865 Pseudochrysogorgia NIWA 15611 NIWA 15611 9.XI.2004 1396-1462 -36.960 177.332 bellona n. gen., n. sp. Pseudochrysogorgia NIWA 16272 NIWA 16272 10.XI.2004 1323-1346 -36.947 177.335 bellona n. gen., n. sp. Pseudochrysogorgia NIWA 16273 NIWA 16273 10.XI.2004 1323-1346 -36.947 177.335 bellona n. gen., n. sp. Radi cipes gracilis 100900 USNM 5.XII.2000 39.883 -67.437 DQ297424, (Verrill, 1884) 100900 HM590861, HM590864 May 2004 at 1485 m depth, and held in our lab, accompanying the manuscript correspond to the were used in SEM preparations (Table 1). colony after removal of multiple branches for genetic analyses. Measurements
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