Aacústica De Museus Modernos. Estudo De Caso

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Aacústica De Museus Modernos. Estudo De Caso A ACÚSTICA DE MUSEUS MODERNOS. ESTUDO DE CASO O MUSEU DE SERRALVES (PORTO) HÉLDER JOSÉ SILVEIRA GONÇALVES Dissertação submetida para satisfação parcial dos requisitos do grau de MESTRE EM ENGENHARIA CIVIL — ESPECIALIZAÇÃO EM CONSTRUÇÕES Orientador: Professor Doutor António Pedro Oliveira de Carvalho JULHO DE 2012 MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM ENGENHARIA CIVIL 2011/2012 DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA CIVIL Tel. +351-22-508 1901 Fax +351-22-508 1446 [email protected] Editado por FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 PORTO Portugal Tel. +351-22-508 1400 Fax +351-22-508 1440 [email protected] http://www.fe.up.pt Reproduções parciais deste documento serão autorizadas na condição que seja mencionado o Autor e feita referência a Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Civil - 2011/2012 - Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, 2012. As opiniões e informações incluídas neste documento representam unicamente o ponto de vista do respectivo Autor, não podendo o Editor aceitar qualquer responsabilidade legal ou outra em relação a erros ou omissões que possam existir. Este documento foi produzido a partir de versão electrónica fornecida pelo respectivo Autor. A Acústica de Museus Modernos. Estudo de caso, o Museu de Serralves (Porto) A todos os que contribuíram para o meu sonho Adoro aprender sobre tudo, como nunca ninguém sabe de tudo, serei estudante até morrer Irina Monteiro A Acústica de Museus Modernos. Estudo de caso, o Museu de Serralves (Porto) A Acústica de Museus Modernos. Estudo de caso, o Museu de Serralves (Porto) AGRADECIMENTOS No momento de conclusão deste trabalho não posso deixar de demonstrar o meu sincero agradecimento a todos aqueles que contribuíram para a sua realização, muito em especial: Ao Professor Doutor António Pedro Oliveira de Carvalho por todo o apoio prestado ao longo deste trabalho, o interesse e a inteira disponibilidade que sempre mostrou, bem como o espírito crítico e a boa disposição contagiantes com que sempre me atendeu. Ao Eng.º. Eduardo Costa pelo apoio na realização das medições, mas também pela simpatia que demonstrou e pelas sugestões que me deu e, que permitiram melhorar este trabalho. À Fundação de Serralves por permitir a realização deste trabalho e em especial ao Eng.º. Pedro Viegas pela simpatia e disponibilidade que sempre demonstrou. Aos diversos consultores acústicos que me forneceram dados e transmitiram conhecimentos da sua experiência, mas em especial a Marshall Long, Higini Arau, Daniel Commins, John Miller, Gregory Miller e Octávio Inácio, o meu sincero agradecimento. Ao meu irmão Sérgio, que me perguntou várias vezes como estava a decorrer o trabalho. À Patrícia, que esteve sempre ao meu lado, por toda a paciência, compreensão e ajuda ao longo de todo o trabalho. Ao Énio Abreu pela grande ajuda na recolha de questionários em Serralves. Ao Miguel Oliveira pela ajuda na recolha de preços e sugestões técnicas. Aos meus colegas e amigos que de certa forma contribuíram para que fosse possível chegar a esta fase do meu percurso académico, muito em especial à Cíntia, mas também ao Luís, ao Pedro e ao João pelo apoio e espírito ao longo destes anos. i A Acústica de Museus Modernos. Estudo de caso, o Museu de Serralves (Porto) ii A Acústica de Museus Modernos. Estudo de Caso, o Museu de Serralves (Porto) RESUMO O interesse crescente na melhoria da qualidade dos edifícios leva a que a Acústica seja cada vez mais uma prioridade, especialmente em espaços públicos. Com o presente trabalho, que se insere na área de estudos em Acústica de Edifícios, pretende-se caracterizar o desempenho acústico dos Museus “Modernos” e estudar o caso concreto do Museu de Serralves, no Porto. Para a definição das necessidades acústicas dos museus inicia-se o tema com uma reflexão sobre a função e papel do museu na sociedade, e a caracterização arquitectónica deste tipo de edifícios. Permitindo com isso prever as necessidades específicas de um baixa reverberação, baixos níveis de ruído de fundo e de boas condições de inteligibilidade da palavra. Mediante isto, apresentam-se algumas recomendações de valores para estes parâmetros. No que respeita ao Museu de Serralves, é um Museu de Arte Contemporânea, pertencente à Fundação de Serralves, classificada como “Imóvel de Interesse Público”, e foi projetado pelo arquiteto Álvaro Siza Vieira tendo sido inaugurado em 1999. O edifício apresenta as características de uma arquitetura contemporânea, entre outros, com superfícies muito lisas e refletoras, pé-direito elevado e volumes muito expressivos. A avaliação da qualidade acústica do Museu de Serralves foi realizada com base em parâmetros objetivos e subjetivos, através de medições de TR, LAeq, RASTI e de inquéritos aos visitantes. Relativamente às medições, estas foram efetuadas em três salas de exposição representativas (salas 11, 12 e 14). Nestas, obtiveram-se valores de TR[500, 1k, 2k] entre 3,8 s e 4,1 s. Os valores de LAeq medidos estão compreendidos entre 27 dB e 41 dB, com variação de -9 dB a -1 dB para a situação em que o AVAC está desligado e de +25 dB a +36 dB para a situação em que existem visitantes. Os valores de RASTI médios obtidos foram de 0,40 a 0,45. Quando comparados os valores medidos com os aconselhados por diversos autores e pelos recomendados neste trabalho (TR[500, 1k, 2k] entre 1,0 e 1,4 s, LAeq máximo de 40 dB e RASTI ≥ 0,60), conclui-se que o Museu de Serralves apresenta um ambiente sonoro de inferior qualidade face aquele que seria desejável. Vem-se ainda comprovar a partir da análise subjetiva, pela opinião dos visitantes, que a situação acústica atual do museu não é a ideal. De forma a possibilitar o enquadramento da qualidade acústica do Museu de Serralves no ambiente museológico realizou-se a comparação com outros museus, de onde se percebe que também aqui os resultados deste museu superam, de forma negativa, a média dos restantes. As conclusões retiradas possibilitaram, assim, a apresentação de algumas sugestões de possível correção acústica, as quais permitiram enquadrar a qualidade acústica do Museu de Serralves nos valores recomendados neste trabalho, apresentando um custo total previsível entre 59.000 € e 173.000€. Apresentam-se por fim, algumas sugestões para desenvolvimentos futuros deste tema que por algum motivo não foram neste trabalho aprofundados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Acústica, Museus, Reverberação, Ruído de Fundo, RASTI, Porto. iii A Acústica de Museus Modernos. Estudo de caso, o Museu de Serralves (Porto) iv A Acústica de Museus Modernos. Estudo de Caso, o Museu de Serralves (Porto) ABSTRACT The growing interest in improving the quality of buildings means that acoustics is increasingly a priority, especially in public spaces. With this work, which falls within the study area of Building Acoustics is intended to characterize the acoustic performance of "Moderns" Museums and case of study of the Serralves Museum in Porto. To define the acoustic needs of a museum this work begins with a reflection on the museum's function and role in society, and the characterization of this type of buildings. Allowing it to predict the specific needs of a low reverberation, low levels of background noise and good conditions for speech intelligibility. Through this, some recommendations are presented for values of these parameters. The Serralves Museum is an Museum of Contemporary Art, owned by The Serralves Foundation, classified as "Property of Public Interest" and was designed by architect Alvaro Siza Vieira, and was inaugurated in 1999. The building presents the characteristics of a contemporary architecture, among others, with very smooth and reflective surfaces, high ceilings and very expressive volumes. The evaluation of acoustic quality of the Serralves Museum was based on objective and subjective parameters through measurements of RT, LAeq, RASTI and inquiries to visitors. The measurements were made in three representative exhibition halls (rooms 11, 12 and 14). Accordingly, we obtained values of RT [500, 1k, 2k] for 3.8 s to 4.1 s. The LAeq were measured 27 dB to 41 dB with a variation there of -9 dB to -1 dB for the situation where the HVAC is off and +25 dB to + 36 dB for the situation where there are visitors. RASTI average values obtained were 0.40 to 0.45. When comparing the measured values with those recommended by several authors and recommended in this thesis (RT [500, 1k, 2k] between 1.0 and 1.4 s, maximum LAeq below 40 dB and RASTI ≥ 0.60), concludes that the Serralves Museum presents a poor acoustic behavior. It is further evidence comes from the subjective analysis, the opinions of visitors, the museum's current acoustic situation is not ideal. A comparison with other museums was done where one realizes that here too the acoustic results outweigh this museum, in a negative way, the average of the others. Some suggestions for acoustic corrections to improve the acoustics of the Serralves Museum into the values recommended in this work are presented, with a total predicted cost between 59.000 € and 173.000 €. Finally some suggestions for future developments of this issue are presented. KEYWORDS: Acoustics, Museums, Reverberation, Background Noise, RASTI, Porto. v A Acústica de Museus Modernos. Estudo de caso, o Museu de Serralves (Porto) vi A Acústica de Museus Modernos. Estudo de caso, o Museu de Serralves (Porto) ÍNDICE GERAL AGRADECIMENTOS ................................................................................................................................... i RESUMO ..................................................................................................................................
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