Study of Intermolecular Interaction in Binary Mixtures of Cumene with Benzene, Toluene and Acetone at 308K

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Advances in Applied Science Research, 2013, 4(2):29-34

ISSN: 0976-8610 CODEN (USA): AASRFC

Study of intermolecular interaction in binary mixtures of cumene with benzene, toluene and acetone at 308K

Munendra Kumar Gangwar 1, Ashish kumar Saxena 1 and Rajeev Agarwal 2

1Department of Physics, N. M. S. N. Dass College, Budaun (U.P.) India 2Department of Physics, S. M. (P.G.) College, Chandausi (U.P.) India ______

ABSTRACT

The ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity at 308K have been measured in the binary systems of cumene with Benzene, Toluene and Acetone. From the experimental data various acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility ( β), free volume(V f), Shear relaxation time( τ), free length(L f) and acoustical impedance (Z) ere calculate. The results are interpreted in terms of molecular interaction between the components of the mixtures.

Keywords : Ultrasonic velocity, Acoustical properties, Molecular interaction. ______

INTRODUCTION

Ultrasonic is a versatile non-destructive technique and highly useful for investigation of various physico-chemical properties such as adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, free volume and shear’s relaxation time at different temperatures. Recent developments have found use of ultrasonic energy in medicine, engineering and agriculture [1-3].

The study of molecular interaction plays a vital role in the development of molecular science. Molecular interactions and structural behavior of molecular and their mixtures can be identified using ultrasonic studies. Ultrasonic waves have been used by many scientists to investigate the nature of molecular interaction and physico-chemical behavior of pure, binary and ternary liquid mixtures [4-7].

Ultrasonic velocity together with density and viscosity data furnish wealth of information about the interaction between ions, dipoles, hydrogen bonding, multi-polar and dispersive forces[8-9]. Cumene molecule is highly polar and self associated through hydrogen bonding of their amine group. In the present work an attempt has been made to investigate the behavior of binary solutions of Cumene with Benzene, Toluene and Acetone with regard to adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length and specific acoustic impedance from ultrasonic measurements at 308 K.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Solutions of different molarity (m) were prepared for each binary system. The ultrasonic velocity in the mixtures was measured using a variable path fixed frequency ultrasonic interferometer working at 2 MHz frequency (Mittal Enterprises, New Delhi). The accuracy of sound velocity was ±0.1 ms -1. The density and viscosity of the mixture were measured using a specific gravity bottle (5 mL) and Ostwald’s viscometer (10 mL) respectively. The accuracy in density measurement was ±0.0001 kg m -3 and that in viscosity measurement was ±0.001 mNsm -2.

29 Pelagia Research Library Munendra K Gangwar et al Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., 2013, 4(2):29-34 ______RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Various acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility ( β), Intermolecular free length (L f), free volume (V f), and specific acoustical impedance (Z), were calculated using the experimental data of ultrasonic sound velocity, density and viscosity by the following equations (1-4).

β = 1/ U2ρ (1)

1/2 Lf = kT( β) (2)

3/2 Vf = ( Meff U/ηk) (3)

Z = U ρ (4)

Where kT is the temperature dependent constant having a value 199.53 x 10 -8 in MKS system , k is the constant equal to 4.28 x 10 9 in MKS system, independent of temperature of all liquids, and all the notations having the usual meanings.

Table -1 :- Values of ultrasonic velocity(U) and density( ρ) at 308K

Mole fraction of Ultasonic velocity(U) Density( ρ) isopropylbenzene m/sec. gm/mol (X) Benzene Toluene Acetone Benzene Toluene Acetone 0.0000 1238 1262 1116 0.8584 0.8348 0.7564 0.1623 1251 1274 1138 0.8412 0.8188 0.7495 0.3036 1264 1286 1160 0.8240 0.8028 0.7424 0.5376 1290 1310 1210 0.7896 0.7708 0.7285 0.7234 1316 1334 1257 0.7552 0.7370 0.7141 0.9401 1355 1360 1335 0.7036 0.6985 0.6931 1.0000 1368 1368 1368 0.6864 0.6864 0.6864

Table -2 :- Values of viscosity( η) and adiabatic compressibility( β) at 308K

Viscosity( η) Adiabatic compressibility( β) η x 10 3/Nsm -2 βx10 10 /m 2N-1 Benzene Toluene Acetone Benzene Toluene Acetone 0.5876 0.5284 0.2548 7.601 7.521 10.615 0.6842 0.6312 0.3743 7.631 7.525 10.487 0.7808 0.7340 0.4938 7.657 7.532 10.342 0.9740 0.9336 0.7328 7.700 7.560 9.988 1.1672 1.1452 0.9718 7.734 7.625 9.511 1.4570 1.4536 1.3303 7.774 7.740 8.370 1.5536 1.5536 1.5536 7.785 7.785 7.785

Table -3 :- Values of free volume(V f) and shear’s relaxation time( г) at 308K

Free Volume(V f) Shear’s relaxation time( τ) 7 3 -1 -11 Vf x 10 /m mol (τ x 10 ) Benzene Toluene Acetone Benzene Toluene Acetone 2.3847 3.6856 3.5869 0.60 0.529 0.3606 2.2875 3.0082 2.9140 0.69 0.633 0.5142 2.1800 2.5603 2.1797 0.79 0.737 0.6591 1.9688 2.0241 1.5811 0.99 0.947 0.9161 1.7811 1.7358 1.5044 1.19 1.164 1.1484 1.5493 1.5151 1.4893 1.50 1.500 1.4359 1.4839 1.4839 1.4005 1.61 1.612 1.6126

The measured parameters viz ., ultrasonic velocity (U), density (p), adiabatic compressibility ( β) and viscosity (η) are given in Table -1 and Table- 2. Tables-1,2 shows that, in all three systems, the velocity increases with concentration of benzene, toluene and acetone. This indicates that strong interaction observed at higher

30 Pelagia Research Library Munendra K Gangwar et al Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., 2013, 4(2):29-34 ______concentrations of X. The viscosity values also same trend with velocity in these three systems. Density decreases in all three systems suggesting thereby more association between solute and solvent molecules in latter systems.

From the same Table- 2, it is observed that adiabatic compressibility ( β) increases with increase in concentration of benzene, toluene and acetone. This increase structural order of isopropyl benzene may result in more cohesion, and leads to a increase in ( β). The increase in ( β) results in an increase in the value of (U). The free length (L f) is another parameter which is calculated using ultrasonic velocity and adiabatic compressibility. It is observed that L f, increases with the concentration of benzene, toluene and acetone. It has been observed that intermolecular free length increases with mole fraction. Increase in intermolecular free length leads to positive deviation in sound velocity and negative deviation in compressibility. This indicates that the molecules are nearer in the system.

The computed other parameters like free volume (V f) and shear’s relaxation time( г) are given in Table-3. The variation in free volume (V f) decreases with increases in morality of benzene, toluene and acetone in all three systems. The free volume is the space available for the molecule to move in an imaginary unit cell. This increases shear’s relaxation time ( г). The variations in shear’s relaxation time are given in the same Table-3. As stated above the shear’s relaxation time increases with increase in morality of benzene, toluene and acetone. The acoustic

31 Pelagia Research Library Munendra K Gangwar et al Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., 2013, 4(2):29-34 ______impedance (Z) is the product of ultrasonic velocity and density of the solution. The value of acoustic impedance also decreases with increase in concentration of benzene, toluene and acetone. Increase in L f and decrease of Z with the concentration of benzene, toluene and acetone, suggest presence of solvent-solute interactions in three systems. The value of acoustic impedance (Z) is listed in Table- 4.

Table -4 :- Values of free length(L f) and acoustical impedance (Z) at 308K

Free length (L f) Acoustic impedance(Z) 11 2 -1 (L f x 10 /m) (Kg/ m .sec ) Benzene Toluene Acetone Benzene Toluene Acetone 5.5090 5.8873 6.4847 1.0627 0.8348 0.8441 5.5150 5.9172 6.4888 1.0523 0.8188 0.8529 5.5249 5.9371 6.4947 1.0415 0.8028 0.8612 5.5309 5.9571 6.5028 1.0186 0.7708 0.8815 5.5668 5.9770 6.5086 0.9934 0.7370 0.8976 5.5768 5.9970 6.5206 0.9534 0.6985 0.9253 5.5908 6.1700 6.5266 0.9390 0.6864 0.9390

32 Pelagia Research Library Munendra K Gangwar et al Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., 2013, 4(2):29-34 ______

33 Pelagia Research Library Munendra K Gangwar et al Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., 2013, 4(2):29-34 ______CONCLUSION

The ultrasonic velocity, density, viscosity and other related parameters were calculated. The observed increase of ultrasonic velocity indicates the solute-solvent interaction. The existence of type of molecular interaction is solute- solvent is favored in all these three systems, confirmed from the Z, U and η etc ., the existence of solute-solvent interaction is in the order: Acetone >Toluene> Benzene.

REFERENCES

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