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The Genus Atomosia Macquart (Diptera: Asilidae) in North America North of Mexico

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The Genus Atomosia Macquart (Diptera: Asilidae) in North America North of Mexico 08 July 2008 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOc. WASH. 110(3),2008, pp. 701-732 THE GENUS ATOMOSIA MACQUART (DIPTERA: ASILIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO JEFFREY K. BARNES The Arthropod Museum, Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701-1201, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract.-Atomosia arkansensis, new species, is described from specimens collected in blackland prairie in southern Arkansas, and Atomosia tibialis is reported the first time from North America north of Mexico. A new key to Nearctic Atomosia species is presented. Atomosia melanopogon and A. mucida are noted to be sexually dimorphic. In addition to more standard characters, the open or closed condition of cell r5 and the length of the pedicel and flagellum relative to the length of the scape are· used to distinguish similar species. Lectotypes are designated for Atomosia mucida, Atomosia puella, and Atomosia sayii. Atomosia echemon is synonymized with A. puella (new synonymy), and A. mucidoides is synonymized with A. sayii (new synonymy). Key Words: Diptera, Brachycera, robber fly, Asilidae, Atomosia, Nearctic The New World genus Atomosia Mac­ for species identification and does not quart consists of small, robust robber utilize some highly diagnostic morpho­ flies with elongate, slender antennae and logical characters, such as the relative a punctulate abdomen. It comprises sizes of the antennomeres and the more than 50 Neotropical species and condition of wing cell r5. It is also a fewer than 10 Nearctic species (Martin confusing key in that some species key and Papavero 1970, Poole 1996, Scar­ out at more than one couplet. Bromley's brough and Perez-Gelabert 2006). Arti­ (1934b, c) key was based in large part on gas et al. (1991) synonymized the mono­ Curran's earlier key. Curran (1935) typic Neotropical genus Paratractia Hull published a new key that included seven with Atomosia. The North American Nearctic species and several Neotropical species are notoriously difficult to iden­ species. Apparently, neither Curran nor tify using existing keys. Hermann (1912) Bromley studied the type specimens. authored a key to all species known to Little is known about the biology of him at the time. Unfortunately, he Atomosia species. Some species, like included only four species from North Atomosia puella (Wiedemann), are asso­ America north of Mexico, and he con­ ciated with bark of trees and logs, while sidered A. sayii Johnson and A. mucida others, like Atomosia sayii Johnson, are Osten Sacken to be varieties of A. rufipes found on tips of twigs or resting on Macquart. Curran (1930) wrote a key to leaves (Hull 1962). Atomosia macquarti all species known to him that includes Bellardi has been found preying on the seven species from this region. That key citrus snow scale, Unaspis citri (Com­ is overly dependent on color characters stock), in Mexico (Coronado Blanco and - 702 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Ruiz Cancino 1999). Bromley (1946) Terminology largely follows that found the seemingly ubiquitous A. puella found in the Manual ofNearctic Diptera Wiedemann preying on Drosophila above (McAlpine 1981). Body length refers to the garbage cans on the sunny side of his the distance from the front of the face to garage. Scarbrough and Sraver (1979) the tip of the abdomen and excludes the reported on the predatory behavior of A. length of the antennae. Antennomere: puella on a farm in Maryland. Species of scape ratios were calculated by dividing Diptera, Homoptera, and Hymenoptera the length of each antennomere by the were the most important prey items. length of the first antennomere (scape). Over 70% of the diet consisted of The numbers are listed in order from nematocerous Diptera; Aphididae, Cica­ antennomere 1 to antennomere 3. There­ dellidae, and Miridae among the Ho­ fore, the ratio 1.0:0.6:3.2 indicates that moptera; and small Hymenoptera Apoc­ the pedicel is 0.6 times the length of the rita. Diptera of all kinds accounted for scape, and the flagellum is 3.2 times the nearly half of the diet. length of the scape. MATERIALS A?-<TI METHODS Atomosia Macquart During the course of this study, more Atomosia Macquart 1838: 73. Type than 1,600 specimens were examined species: Atomosia annulipes Macquart from the following collections: American 1838, by subsequent designation of Museum of Natural History, New York Diponchel in d'Orbigny (2: 309-310 City (AMNH); Museum of Comparative [November 1841]). Zoology, Harvard University, Cam­ bridge, Massachusetts (MCZH); Califor­ Description.-Small, dark colored, nia Academy of Sciences, San Francisco shining species, 5-12 mm long. Body (CASE); California Department of Food usually rather bare, often with punctuate and Agriculture, Sacramento (CDFA); mesonotum and abdomen. Scape 1-2 Florida State Collection of Arthropods, times length of pedicel; flagellum 1.5-2.0 Gainesville (FSCA); Kansas State Uni­ times length of scape and pedicel com­ versity Museum of Entomological and bined. Flagellum apically blunt, lacking Prairie Arthropod Research, Manhattan stylus, with short bristle arising at or (KSUC); The Natural History Museum, beyond middle of dorsal surface. Lateral London (BMNH); Texas A&M Univer­ margins of frons curved, converging at sity, College Station (TAMU); National vertex. Proboscis short, robust, somewhat Museum of Natural History, Smithso­ laterally flattened, not projecting beyond nian Institution, Washington, D. C. face. Palpus small, 2-segmented. Scutum (USNM); University of Arkansas Ar­ shining, with scarce or abundant, short, thropod Museum, Fayetteville (UAAM). appressed, bristly pile. Scutellum with 1-2 Specimens of the new species described pairs of stout or long and thin marginal here were collected into propylene glycol setae. Anatergite with bristly pile. Post­ with a Malaise trap at Rick Evans metacoxal region extensively sc1erotized, Grandview Prairie, Hempstead County, with posterodorsal margin V-shaped. Arkansas, from 25 May to 22 July 2004. Femora stout, with long, weak setae. The specimens were transferred to 70% Hind femur usually with pair of long ethanol for long-term storage. Some ventromedial setae near base and with specimens were later dehydrated by long, stout seta laterally at apical third. soaking in cellosolve and xylene using Tibiae with 2 rows of long setae. Claws the method described by Sabrosky slender, acuminate, strongly bent apical­ (1966). They were then mounted on pins. ly; pulvilli and empodium well developed. VOLUME 110, NUMBER 3 703 Wings unmarked, transparent or nearly legs otherwise, yellow or black or some combination of both . .. 2 so; vein R 2+3 joining vein R 1 proximal to 2. Antennal length about 0.7-0.8 times head end of R , with cell rl thus closed, 1 width; fore femur and tibia wholly pale separated from wing margin; vein R 4 yellow or partly yellow; hind tibia wholly strongly arched basally, with apex ending pale yellow or darkened only apically; at or anterior to wing apex; vein R, small or large species, 6-10 mm long .. .. 3 ending far posterior to wing apex; cross­ Antennal length about 0.5-0.6 times head vein m-cu present, cell rs broadly open to width; all femora and tibiae either wholly black or some combination of black and closed and petiolate; apex of cell bm yellow; small species, 6-8 rnm long ..... 5 closed by 3 veins; anal cell closed. 3. Flagellum length about 3.2 times scape Abdomen robust, wide, punctulate, with length; femora mostly black with base and tergite 6 forming large, rounded cup apex yellow; tibiae yellow or reddish yellow concealing tergites 7-8 and genitalia. with darkened apices; tarsi with apical Remarks.-Specimens are readily rec­ 3-4 tarsomeres black; gonocoxite as in Fig. lb . ognized by their small size; curved frons .... Atomosia arkansensis Barnes, new species converging at vertex; blunt, 3-segmented Flagellum length about 2.3-2.4 times antenna; dark, punctulate scutum and scape length; femora and tibiae all or abdomen; heavily sclerotized postmeta­ mostly yellow; tarsi with only fifth tar­ somere dark. .. 4 coxal bridge; and closed, petiolate cell r 1. 4. Cell r5 closed or nearly closed at wing Most taxonomic works list Atomosia margin; postalar callus black or sometimes insicuralis Macquart 1838, (= Atomosia dark reddish brown; all tibiae wholly yellow; puella (Wiedemann)) as the type species of small species, 6-8 mm long; gonocoxite as in the genus, as designated by Coquillett Fig. 7b . .. Atomosia sayii Johnson (1910). Evenhuis and Thompson (1990) - Cell r5 somewhat narrowed apically, but discovered the earlier designation of A to­ broadly open at wing margin; postalar callus partly or wholly yellowish red; hind mosia annulipes as type species by Du­ tibia distinctly darkened apically; larger ponchel in d'Orbigny (1841). Martin and species, 8-10 mm long; gonocoxite as in Papavero (1970) placed A. annulipes in the Fig. 6b Atomosia rufipes Macquart genus Aphestia Schiner. Because accep­ 5. Antennallength about 0.6 times head width; tance of Diponchel's type designation setae of ocellar tubercle pale; fore and mid femora darkened on dorsal surface; hind would change the current generic concepts femur with broad, dark ring on the apical of Atomosia and Aphesita, Evenhuis and half; all tibiae dark above, yellow below; Thompson (1990) suggested that applica­ scutellum with 2 pairs of long, fine marginal tion to the International Commission on setae; gonocoxite as in Fig. 2b . Zoological Nomenclature to suppress this ................. .Atomosia glabrata (Say) designation may
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