Norwegian Future Value Chains for Liquid Hydrogen
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Norwegian future value chains for liquid hydrogen maritimecleantech.no Norwegian future value chains for liquid hydrogen NCE MARITIME CLEANTECH Table of content 1. Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 2. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 5 3. Hydrogen today ............................................................................................................................................. 6 3.1 Future demand .............................................................................................................................................. 7 3.2 Liquid hydrogen ........................................................................................................................................... 9 3.3 Properties of hydrogen and other fuels ....................................................................................................... 10 3.4 Green hydrogen .......................................................................................................................................... 12 3.5 Current and future price of hydrogen ......................................................................................................... 13 4. Value chain liquid hydrogen (LH2) ............................................................................................................. 16 4.1 Production processes .................................................................................................................................. 17 4.2 Liquefaction ................................................................................................................................................ 21 4.3 Storage ........................................................................................................................................................ 26 4.4 Distribution ................................................................................................................................................. 27 4.5 Bunkering ................................................................................................................................................... 29 4.6 End users .................................................................................................................................................... 32 4.7 Energy efficiency throughout the value chain ............................................................................................ 35 5. Regulations, standards and codes for liquid hydrogen ................................................................................. 38 6. Marine bunkering today ............................................................................................................................... 42 6.1 Alternative zero-emission fuels to LH2 ...................................................................................................... 46 6.2 Price comparison between fuels ................................................................................................................. 49 6.3 Price development for liquid hydrogen ...................................................................................................... 50 7. Future demand for liquid hydrogen ............................................................................................................. 53 7.1 Car ferries ................................................................................................................................................... 54 7.2 High speed crafts ........................................................................................................................................ 54 7.3 Platform Supply Vessels ............................................................................................................................. 56 7.4 Summary – Demand of LH2 ...................................................................................................................... 58 7.5 Energy need – natural gas and electricity ................................................................................................... 64 8. Case studies ................................................................................................................................................. 66 8.1 Car ferry Halhjem-Sandvikvåg ................................................................................................................... 66 8.2 High-speed craft Bergen-Nordfjord ............................................................................................................ 69 8.3 PSV from Mongstad to Statfjord ................................................................................................................ 72 9. Summary: Barriers for a liquid hydrogen value chain ................................................................................. 75 10. Literature and references .......................................................................................................................... 77 11. Appendix .................................................................................................................................................. 87 1 2 Norwegian future value chains for liquid hydrogen NCE MARITIME CLEANTECH Acronyms and abbreviations Acronyms and AcronymsAbbreviationabbreviations and abbreviations Meaning AbbreviationAcronyms and ADRAbbreviationAcronymsabbreviations and a Meaningbbreviations EuropeanMeaning Agreement concerning the International ADRAbbreviation ADRAbbreviation EuropeanMeaning Agreement CarriageEuropeanMeaning concerning of Agreement Dangerous the International concerning Goods by theRoad International ADR ATRADR CarriageEuropean of Agreement Dangerous AutoCarriageEuropean concerning Goods Thermal of Agreementby Dangerous theRoad Reforming International concerning Goods by theRoad International ATR CCSATR AutoCarriage Thermal of Dangerous Reforming CarbonAutoCarriage Goods Thermal Capture of by Dangerous Road Reforming Storage Goods by Road ATR ATR Auto Thermal Reforming Auto Thermal Reforming CCS CCCS3 H8 Carbon Capture Storage CarbonPropane Capture Storage CCS CCS Carbon Capture Storage Carbon Capture Storage C3H8 CHC 3 H 3 OH8 Propane MethaPropanenol C3H8 C 3 H 8 Propane Propane CH3OH CH 43 OH Metha nol MethaMethanenol CH3OH CH 3 OH Metha nol Methanol CH4 COCH 24 Methane MethaneCarbon Dioxide CH4 CH 4 Methane Methane CO2 CO 2eq2 Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide Equivalent CO2 CO 2 Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide CO2eq FCHCO 2eq-JU Carbon Dioxide Equivalent FuelCarbon Cell Dioxide and Hydrogen Equivalent 2 Joint Undertaking FCHCO2eq-JU GHGFCHCO 2eq- JU FuelCarbon Cell Dioxide and Hydrogen Equivalent GreenFuelCarbon 2Cell JointHouse Dioxide and Undertaking GasHydrogen Equivalent Emissions 2 Joint Undertaking GHGFCH- JU GoOGHGFCH - JU GreenFuel Cell House and GasHydrogen Emissions GuaranteeGreenFuel 2Cell JointHouse and of Undertaking OriginGasHydrogen Emissions 2 Joint Undertaking GoOGHG HSCGoOGHG GuaranteeGreen House of OriginGas Emissions HighGuaranteeGreen-Speed House of Craft OriginGas Emissions HSCGoO HVOHSCGoO HighGuarantee -Speed of Craft Origin HydroHighGuarantee-Speed Treated of Craft Origin Vegetable Oils HVOHSC IEAHVOHSC HydroHigh -Speed Treated Craft Vegetable InternationalHydroHigh- OilsSpeed Treated Craft Energy Vegetable Agency Oils IEAHVO IEAGHGIEAHVO InternationalHydro Treated Energy Vegetable InternationalHydro Agency Oils Treated Energy Vegetable Agency Oils Greenhouse Gas IEAGHGIEA IRaSIEAGHGIEA International Energy IntegratedInternational Agency Greenhouse Refrigeration Energy Agency Gas and Storage Greenhouse Gas IRaSIEAGHG IRENAIRaSIEAGHG IntegratedInternational Refrigeration Energy TheIntegratedInternational Agency andInternational Storage Greenhouse Refrigeration Energy Renewable Agency Gas and Storage EnergyGreenhouse Agency Gas IRENAIRaS IRENAIRaSISO TheIntegrated International Refrigeration Renewable TheIntegratedInternational andInternational Storage Energy Refrigeration Organization Agency Renewable and for Storage Energy Standardization Agency IRENAISO IRENAKISO TheInternational International Organization Renewable TheKelvinInternational International for Energy Standardization Organization Agency Renewable for Energy Standardization Agency ISOK ISOLH2K InternationalKelvin Organization InternationalLiquefiedKelvin for HydrogenStandardization Organization for Standardization KLH2 KLNGLH2 KelvinLiquefied Hydrogen KelvinLiquidLiquefied Natural Hydrogen Gas LH2LNG LH2LPGLNG LiquefiedLiquid Natural Hydrogen Gas LiquefiedLiquid Natural HydrogenPetroleum Gas Gas LNGLPG LNGMGOLPG LiquidLiquefied Natural Petroleum Gas LiquidMarineLiquefied Gas NaturalGas Petroleum Oil Gas Gas LPGMGO LPGNASAMGO LiquefiedMarine Gas Petroleum Oil LiquefiedTheMarine Gas National Gas Petroleum Oil Aeronautics Gas and Space Administration MGONASA MGONCENASA MarineThe National Gas Oil Aeronautics MarineNorwegianThe National and Gas Space CentresOil Aeronautics Administration of Expertise and Space Administration NASA NASA The National Aeronautics The National and Space Aeronautics Administration and Space Administration NCE NHNCE 3 Norwegian Centres ofNorwegianAmmonia Expertise Centres of Expertise NCE NCE Norwegian Centres ofNorwegian Expertise Centres of Expertise