Introduction to Islamic Archaeology
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Donald Whitcomb
oi.uchicago.edu DONALD WHITCOMB Once again, this year brought Oriental Institute students and the author to Syria, the excavations at Hadir Qinnasrin, an unassuming village just south of Aleppo. This town which had once ruled north Syria and coordinated attempts to conquer the remainder of the Byzantine Empire in the eighth century AD, now has quite forgotten its past, a past that can only be recovered through archaeological research. The first account of this research remains languishing in a Parisian pub lishing house; the second season, in August and September, is recounted for the first time in this Annual Report. It is important to note the role of Chicago students in this excavation: Elena Dodge, Katherine Strange, Ian Straughn, and Tasha Vorderstrasse; and no less, the wisdom and experience of Dr. Alexandrine Guerin. Preliminary syntheses of the research at Hadir Qinnasrin were presented in a lecture for the Byzantine workshop on campus and another for the Historians of Islamic Art majlis, happily held at the Oriental Institute. A more theoretical approach was presented for the Anthropology workshop, "Toward an Archaeology of Nomad Settlement: Tribes and the Early Islamic State in North Syria." Another subject which Don has pursued this year resulted in a lecture for the Ecole biblique at the Chicago Cultural Center entitled, "From Earliest Church to Earliest Mosque — Archaeological Discoveries and Places of Worship." This was followed with a lecture on "The Early Mosque in Arabia" in St. Petersburg, Florida, for a conference entitled "Religious Texts and Archaeological Contexts," soon to be published. Don has taught "Islamic Archaeology of Coptic and Islamic Egypt" and the "Introduction to Islamic Archaeology" this year, between which he had a study season in the Damascus Museum. -
ACOR Newsletter Vol. 12.2
ACOR Newsletter ^i ^ Vol. 12.2—Winter 2000 Qastal, 1998-2001 On a cold afternoon in early February 2000, Ra'ed Abu Ghazi, a management trainee for the Qastal Erin Addison Conservation and Development Project (QCDP), was walking home from the Umayyad qasr and mosque complex at Qastal (map, p. 9). In the lot between the ancient reservoir and his home, he stopped to speak to some neighbor children playing a game. Then a teapot overturned and the late afternoon sun re- flected off a blue-green, glassy surface. Ra'ed knelt to get a closer look and brushed gently at the loose earth. The area had recently been bulldozed, so the dirt was loose and only about five centimeters deep. As he washed the surface with tea water, a pattern of bril- liant glass tesserae was revealed. Ra'ed had made an exciting discovery at Qastal: a large structure from the late Umayyad period (A.D. 661-750), floored with what experts have called some of the most exquisite mosaics in Jordan (Figs. 1-3). The new structure is only the most recent development in two-and-a-half fascinating years at Qastal. Qastal al-Balqa' is men- tioned in the Diwan of Kuthayyir 'Azza (d. A.H. 105=A.o. 723): "God bless the houses of those living between Muwaqqar and Qastal al-Balqa', where the mihrabs are." Al- though there remain com- plex questions about this reference to "mihrabs" (maharib—apparently plural), the quote at least tells us that Qastal was well enough known to have served as a geo- graphical reference point before A.D. -
ISCACH (Beirut 2015) International Syrian Congress on Archaeology and Cultural Heritage
ISCACH (Beirut 2015) International Syrian Congress on Archaeology and Cultural Heritage PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS 3‐6 DECEMBER 2015 GEFINOR ROTANA HOTEL BEIRUT, LEBANON ISCACH (Beirut 2015) International Syrian Congress on Archaeology and Cultural Heritage PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS 3‐6 DECEMBER 2015 GEFINOR ROTANA HOTEL BEIRUT, LEBANON © The ISCACH 2015 Organizing Committee, Beirut Lebanon All rights reserved. No reproduction without permission. Title: ISCASH (International Syrian Congress on Archaeology and Cultural Heritage) 2015 Beirut: Program and Abstracts Published by the ISCACH 2015 Organizing Committee and the Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Nara Published Year: December 2015 Printed in Japan This publication was printed by the generous support of the Agency for Cultural Affairs, Government of Japan ISCACH (Beirut 2015) TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction……….……………………………………………………….....................................3 List of Organizing Committee ............................................................................4 Program Summary .............................................................................................5 Program .............................................................................................................7 List of Posters ................................................................................................. 14 Poster Abstracts.............................................................................................. 17 Presentation Abstracts Day 1: 3rd December ............................................................................ -
New “System” of Presentation of Umayyad Desert Castles in Jordan
Sub-theme C: Conserving and managing intangible heritage - methods Sous-thème C : Conservation et gestion du patrimoine immatériel - méthodes ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Section C2: Transmission, interpretation and tourism Session C2: Transmission, interprétation et tourisme ________________________________________________________________________________________________ NEW “SYSTEM” OF PRESENTATION OF UMAYYAD DESERT CASTLES IN JORDAN. INTEGRAL MUSEUM OF UMAYYAD CIVILIZATION Jamal ILAYAN*, Jordanie / Jordan INTRODUCTION Ancient civilizations erected structures outside the cities for different purposes. For example, in Syria These ancient castles were built as travel stations along Persians, Romans and their Arabic allies3 (Lakhmed in the road between the Umayyad capital, Damascus, in Iraq and Ghassanid in Syria) built agricultural houses4, Syria and the other district cities in Iraq and Arabia. The Khans, castles and control towers. Babylonians built interpretation of these castles will be based on the first Khan in Mesopotamia in the second century, understanding the reasons for their foundation, their with a square plan and a central portico. This typology typology, function, structure and the relationships influenced the general plan of Umayyad castles. We between them. At present these castles need a new system can identify the Byzantine influence in the technical for their presentation that reflects their present condition structure and in the adaptation of the typology (way while preserving and respecting their values and in which the space was used) of single apartments in significance. The new system offers to the public a clear the Umayyad castles. view of the integral aspects of the Umayyad civilization, which will help in the development of the program II. Interpretation of the system of ancient “Museum with No Frontiers” (MWNF)1. -
Hadir Qinnasrin
oi.uchicago.edu HADIR QINNASRIN HADIR QINNASRIN Donald Whitcomb The second season of archaeological investigations at Hadir Qinnasrin, 25 km south of Aleppo, took place from 19 August until 14 September, a period of four weeks of fieldwork. This project is a cooperative investigation by the University of Chicago, the University of Paris (Sorbonne), and the Syrian Directorate General of Antiquities. During this season the French could not par ticipate, but this cooperation will continue in the future. The Syrian participants were Ms. Fedwa Abidou from the Aleppo National Museum, Mr. Omar Mardihi, and Mr. Yusef al-Dabiti, with the topographic assistance of Mr. Atef Abu Arraj from Damascus. The following results would not have been possible without their constant assistance. The team from the University of Chi cago included the author, Dr. Alexandrine Guerin, and four advanced graduate students (fig. 1). Summary of First Season, 1998 The town of Hadir, located about 4 km east of Tell Chalcis, has expanded in the last few decades to encompass much of the low mounded area of the early Islamic city. The initial survey, or better a reconnaissance, of the town and its periphery was necessarily a matter of chance obser vations within empty lots, gardens, and fallow fields. The oldest portion of Hadir appears to be centered around the mosque and cemetery; its contours and dense accumulations of sherds sug gest the occupation mounding of an earlier urban center. Numerous architectural elements, carved on both limestone and basalt, are found within the modern town, including a long stone, possibly a lintel, within the cemetery bearing a Kufic inscription. -
Proquest Dissertations
The history of the conquest of Egypt, being a partial translation of Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam's "Futuh Misr" and an analysis of this translation Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Hilloowala, Yasmin, 1969- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 10/10/2021 21:08:06 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282810 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly fi-om the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectiotiing the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. -
Dimitri Baramki: Discovering Qasr Hisham1
Dimitri Baramki: The ancient land of Palestine began attracting Western archaeologists almost from the birth Discovering Qasr of the field as a scholarly discipline, yet it was Hisham1 not until the 1920s that the country produced its first tiny crop of Palestinian archaeologists. Donald Whitcomb2 Albert Glock, in a posthumously published article,3 identifies the four most prominent pioneer Palestinians working in the field during the British Mandate: Only a fraction of the seventy- three Palestinians employed by the department [of Antiquities] held higher positions: three of the six inspectors commonly mentioned were Palestinians (D. Baramki, S.A.S. Husseini, and N. Makhouly) and a Palestinian (the Dimitri Baramki in the early 1930s. Source: self-taught scholar Stephan H. Private collection. Stephan) worked in the library.4 [ 78 ] Dimitri Baramki: Discovering Qasr Hisham Baramki and Husseini became colleagues again in Libya in the mid 1960s; Makhouly’s 1941 Guide to Acre, published by the Department of Antiquities, still turns up at sites like the sole Palestinian-owned hotel in Acre; and Stephan H. Stephan’s work continues to be cited today, as for example, in Mahmoud Hawari’s essay on the Citadel of Jerusalem in this publication. But it was Dimitri Baramki (1909-1984), frequently called the first Palestinian archaeologist, who was the most productive, and the only one who pursued a lifelong career in the field. He began as a student inspector of antiquities during the British Mandate two months short of his eighteenth birthday, and achieved an internationally acknowledged standing as a UNESCO expert, Professor of Archaeology and Curator of the Archaeological Museum at the American University of Beirut, and lecturer at the Lebanese University and the University of Balamand. -
History of Islam
Istanbul 1437 / 2016 © Erkam Publications 2016 / 1437 H HISTORY OF ISLAM Original Title : İslam Tarihi (Ders Kitabı) Author : Commission Auteur du Volume « Histoire de l’Afrique » : Dr. Said ZONGO Coordinator : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Faruk KANGER Academic Consultant : Lokman HELVACI Translator : Fulden ELİF AYDIN Melda DOĞAN Corrector : Mohamed ROUSSEL Editor : İsmail ERİŞ Graphics : Rasim ŞAKİROĞLU Mithat ŞENTÜRK ISBN : 978-9944-83-747-7 Addresse : İkitelli Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Mahallesi Atatürk Bulvarı Haseyad 1. Kısım No: 60/3-C Başakşehir / Istanbul - Turkey Tel : (90-212) 671-0700 (pbx) Fax : (90-212) 671-0748 E-mail : [email protected] Web : www.islamicpublishing.org Printed by : Erkam Printhouse Language : English ERKAM PUBLICATIONS TEXTBOOK HISTORY OF ISLAM 10th GRADE ERKAM PUBLICATIONS Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I THE ERA OF FOUR RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS (632–661) / 8 A. THE ELECTION OF THE FIRST CALIPH .............................................................................................. 11 B. THE PERIOD OF ABU BAKR (May Allah be Pleased with him) (632–634) ....................................... 11 C. THE PERIOD OF UMAR (May Allah be Pleased with him) (634–644) ............................................... 16 D. THE PERIOD OF UTHMAN (May Allah be Pleased with him) (644–656) ........................................ 21 E. THE PERIOD OF ALI (May Allah be pleased with him) (656-661) ...................................................... 26 EVALUATION QUESTIONS ......................................................................................................................... -
Constructing God's Community: Umayyad Religious Monumentation
Constructing God’s Community: Umayyad Religious Monumentation in Bilad al-Sham, 640-743 CE Nissim Lebovits Senior Honors Thesis in the Department of History Vanderbilt University 20 April 2020 Contents Maps 2 Note on Conventions 6 Acknowledgements 8 Chronology 9 Glossary 10 Introduction 12 Chapter One 21 Chapter Two 45 Chapter Three 74 Chapter Four 92 Conclusion 116 Figures 121 Works Cited 191 1 Maps Map 1: Bilad al-Sham, ca. 9th Century CE. “Map of Islamic Syria and its Provinces”, last modified 27 December 2013, accessed April 19, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham#/media/File:Syria_in_the_9th_century.svg. 2 Map 2: Umayyad Bilad al-Sham, early 8th century CE. Khaled Yahya Blankinship, The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994), 240. 3 Map 3: The approximate borders of the eastern portion of the Umayyad caliphate, ca. 724 CE. Blankinship, The End of the Jihad State, 238. 4 Map 4: Ghassanid buildings and inscriptions in Bilad al-Sham prior to the Muslim conquest. Heinz Gaube, “The Syrian desert castles: some economic and political perspectives on their genesis,” trans. Goldbloom, in The Articulation of Early Islamic State Structures, ed. Fred Donner (Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2012) 352. 5 Note on Conventions Because this thesis addresses itself to a non-specialist audience, certain accommodations have been made. Dates are based on the Julian, rather than Islamic, calendar. All dates referenced are in the Common Era (CE) unless otherwise specified. Transliteration follows the system of the International Journal of Middle East Studies (IJMES), including the recommended exceptions. -
Unit 14 the Caliphate: Ummayads and Abbasids
Roman Empire: UNIT 14 THE CALIPHATE: UMMAYADS AND Political System ABBASIDS* Structure 14.0 Objectives 14.1 Introduction 14.2 The Ummayad Caliphate: Sufyanid Period 14.3 The Ummayad Caliphate: Marwanid Period 14.4 Later Ummayads 14.5 Ummayad Aesthetics and Material Culture 14.5.1 Court Culture 14.5.2 Palaces and Mosques 14.6 Ummayad Economy: Estates, Trade and Irrigation 14.6.1 Settled Agriculture 14.6.2 Ummayad Trade, Urbanism and Suqs 14.7 Ummayad Monarchs and Provinces (Wilayats) 14.8 Fall of the Ummayad Dynasty 14.9 The Abbasid Caliphate: Abbas and Mansur 14.10 The Abbasid Caliphate: Harun and Al-Mamun 14.11 Later Abbasid Caliphs 14.12 The Abbasid Caliphate: Irrigation, Peasants and Estates 14.12.1 Irrigation 14.12.2 Popular Revolts in the Abbasid Caliphate 14.12.3 Forms of Estates under the Abbasids 14.12.4 Tax Farming in the Abbasid Egypt 14.13 Taxes and Diwans under the Abbasids 14.14 Summary 14.15 Keywords 14.16 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises 14.17 Suggested Readings 14.18 Instructional Video Recommendations 14.0 OBJECTIVES In this Unit, we will study about the Ummayad and Abbasid Caliphate which were established by Muawiyah I and Abbas As-Saffah respectively. In the same vein the Ummayads continued campaigns and conquests started by the Caliphs — Abu Bakr and Umar. It was the largest empire in terms of geographical extent. But the Caliphate * Dr. Shakir-ul Hassan, Department of History and Culture, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 267 RomanSocieties Republic in Central developed hereditary tendencies under the Ummayads. -
National Museum of Aleppo As a Model)
Strategies for reconstructing and restructuring of museums in post-war places (National Museum of Aleppo as a Model) A dissertation submitted at the Faculty of Philosophy and History at the University of Bern for the doctoral degree by: Mohamad Fakhro (Idlib – Syria) 20/02/2020 Prof. Dr. Mirko Novák, Institut für Archäologische Wissenschaften der Universität Bern and Dr. Lutz Martin, Stellvertretender Direktor, Vorderasiatisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Fakhro. Mohamad Hutmatten Str.12 D-79639 Grenzach-Wyhlen Bern, 25.11.2019 Original document saved on the web server of the University Library of Bern This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No derivative works 2.5 Switzerland licence. To see the licence go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ch/ or write to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California 94105, USA Copyright Notice This document is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No derivative works 2.5 Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ch/ You are free: to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work Under the following conditions: Attribution. You must give the original author credit. Non-Commercial. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.. For any reuse or distribution, you must take clear to others the license terms of this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights according to Swiss law. -
Miseria, Guerra, Piratas. Sobre Los Orígenes Y El Desarrollo Del Fenómeno Pirático En La Anatolia Meridional
PYRENAE, núm. 43, vol. 2 (2012) ISSN: 0079-8215 (p. 25-52) © Isaías Arrayás Morales, 2012 – CC BY-NC-ND REVISTA DE PREHISTÒRIA I ANTIGUITAT DE LA MEDITERRÀNIA OCCIDENTAL JOURNAL OF WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN PREHISTORY AND ANTIQUITY Miseria, guerra, piratas. Sobre los orígenes y el desarrollo del fenómeno pirático en la Anatolia meridional ISAÍAS ARRAYÁS MORALES Departament de Ciències de l’Antiguitat i l’Edat Mitjana. Edifici B, Campus de la UAB. Univesitat Autònoma de Barcelona E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) [email protected] Con este artículo nos proponemos abordar las causas de la proliferación del fenómeno pirático en las regiones montañosas de la Anatolia meridional, uno de sus epicentros en el Mediterráneo, centran- do nuestra atención en el proceso de empobrecimiento experimentado por las comunidades mino- rasiáticas a raíz de la situación de guerra permanente vivida desde finales del siglo II a.C. Asimismo, se tratará la problemática en torno a la identificación de los posibles rastros dejados por los piratas, asunto extremadamente controvertido, considerando la naturaleza caduca de los asentamientos que generaban. PALABRAS CLAVE MISERIA, GUERRA, PIRATAS, TYRANNOI, CASTELLA/PHROURAI, ANATOLIA MERIDIONAL In this article I aim to present an approach to the reasons of the increase of the piratical phenome- non in the highland regions of Southern Anatolia, one of the epicentres of the Mediterranean sea, focusing on the impoverishment process experienced by the communities of Asia Minor due to the situation of permanent war experienced from the end of the second century B.C. In addition, I intend to discuss the problems about the identification of the possible traces left by the pirates, an extre- mely controversial matter, considering the fragility of the settlements that they generated.