DOCSLIB.ORG

Cfreptiles & Amphibians

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cfreptiles & Amphibians HTTPS://JOURNALS.KU.EDU/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSREPTILES • VOL & AMPHIBIANS15, NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 28(2):189 316–317 • AUG 2021 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATUREA PregnantARTICLES Common Lancehead, . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: BothropsOn the Road to Understanding atroxthe Ecology and Conservation (Viperidae), of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... from Joshua M. Kapferthe 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: A HypotheticalNorthern Excursion ............................................................................................................................ Andes of ColombiaRobert W. Henderson 198 RESEARCH ARTICLES . The TexasJulián Horned A. Lizard Rojas-Morales in Central and 1Western, Juan Texas Felipe ....................... León-León Emily2 ,Henry, and JasonHéctor Brewer, E. Krista Ramírez-Chaves Mougey, and Gad Perry1,3 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida 1 Natural History .............................................Laboratory, Integrative ZoologicalBrian J. Camposano, Biodiversity Kenneth Discovery, L. Krysko, Centro Kevin M. de Enge, Museos, Ellen MuseoM. Donlan, de Historiaand Michael Natural, Granatosky Univers 212idad de Caldas, Manizales, Caldas, 170004, Colombia ([email protected]) 2Programa de Biología,CONSERVATION Facultad de Ciencias ALERT Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Caldas, 170004, Colombia ([email protected]) 3 Departamento de. CienciasWorld’s Mammals Biológicas, in Crisis Facultad ............................................................................................................................... de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, and Centro de Museos, Museo de.............................. Historia Natural, Universidad220 de Caldas, . More Than Mammals ...............................................................................................................................Manizales, Caldas, Colombia ([email protected]) ....................................... 223 . The “Dow Jones Index” of Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................................... 225 HUSBANDRY eproduction (from. Captive mating Care of the toCentral hatching) Netted Dragon of .......................................................................................................Neotropical the Vereda Algodones, Municipality Shannon Plummer of226 Ubalá, Department Rpitvipers inPROFILE the genus Bothrops has received more atten- of Cundinamarca, Colombia (04.6967°N, -73.3699°W, tion in recent decades. Kraig Adler:(e.g., A LifetimeAlmeida-Santos Promoting Herpetology and ................................................................................................Salomão WGS84; elev. 1,287 m asl) Michael was L. Treglia deposited 234 in the Museo de 2002; Marques et al. 2013; Silva et al. 2019). The Common Historia Natural of the Universidad de Caldas (MHN-UCa COMMENTARY Lancehead, Bothrops atrox (Linnaeus 1758) is a medium-sized R-0619), Manizales, Colombia. General pholidosis of the . The Turtles Have Been Watching Me ........................................................................................................................ Eric Gangloff 238 (total length 750–1,250 mm), mainly nocturnal snake with a snake includes 25-23-19 dorsal scales, 190 ventrals, undivided generalist diet; itBOOK is distributed REVIEW throughout the Amazon and cloacal plate, and 54 divided subcaudal scales. Although the Orinoco Basins in. Threatenednorthern Amphibians South ofAmerica, the World edited with by S.N.records Stuart, M. Hoffmann,shattered J.S. head Chanson, prevented N.A. Cox, a count of cephalic scales, the speci- R. Berridge, P. Ramani, and B.E. Young .............................................................................................................. Robert Powell 243 from the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Oriental of the men had a color pattern and pholidosis similar to B. atrox Andes of Colombia CONSERVATION to an elevation RESEARCH of 1,900 REPORTS: m asl Summaries(Dunn of Publishedsensu Conservation stricto. The Research snake Reports contained ................................. 14 oviductal 245 eggs averaging 1944; Martins andNATURAL Oliveira HISTORY 1998; RESEARCH Campbell REPORTS and :Lamar Summaries of Published24.12 Reports± 1.89 on mmNatural (21.00–28.41 History ................................. mm; 247n = 12) in length and 2004; Wallach et al.NEWBRIEFS 2014; Nogueira ............................................................................................................................... et al. 2019). According ....................................................... 248 EDITORIAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 251 to Campbell and FOCUS Lamar ON (2004), CONSERVATION snakes: fromA Project elevations You Can Support ............................................................................................... 252 exceeding 1,500 m asl on the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia belong to a distinct species, but they are currently included in B. atrox pending an integrative taxo- nomic review including low- andFront mid-elevation Cover. Shannon samples Plummer. for Back Cover. Michael Kern comparison. An extended reproductiveTotat et velleseque cycle for audant B. moatrox in Totat et velleseque audant mo the Brazilian Amazon was describedestibus by inveliquo Silva velique et al. rerchil (2019), estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus with pregnant females occurring throughoutaut dolor apicto theinvere year pe dolum (except aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum May) and an average litter size offugiatis 11 (range maionsequat 3–32) eumque neonates fugiatis maionsequat eumque that increases with female body size.moditia Seasonal erere nonsedis births, ma sectiatur how - moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as ever, were found to occur mainly ataccullabo. the end of the dry season (August–October) (Silva et al. 2019). Despite extensive knowledge of B. atrox reproduction in Brazil and the Amazon Basin (Dixon and Soini 1977; Duellman 1978; Martins and Oliveira 1998; Silva et al. 2019), we know little about reproduction in populations from Colombia and other countries with Andean popula- tions (Quiñones-Betancourt et al. 2018). Herein we present a record of a pregnant female from an Andean mid-elevation locality in the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia. Fig. 1. A female Common Lancehead (Bothrops atrox) (MHN-UCa R-0619; SVL 787 mm, TL 129 mm) from Ubalá, Department of An adult female B. atrox (SVL 787 mm; tail length Cundinamarca, Colombia, with 14 oviductal eggs. Scale bar = 5 cm. 129 mm) (Fig. 1) killed by locals on 20 October 2020 at Photograph by Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves. Copyright is held by the authors. Articles in R&A are made available under a 316 Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 2332-4961 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license. ROJAS-MORALES ET AL. REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 28(2): 316–317 • AUG 2021 22.24 ± 2.88 mm (15.80–25.12 mm; n = 12) in width. We Dixon, J.R. and P. Soini. 1977. The Reptiles of the Upper Amazon Basin, Iquitos Region, Peru. II. Crocodilians, Turtles and Snakes. Contributions in Biology and Geology found no primary or secondary follicles on the ovaries (see Number 12. Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Almeida et al. 2014 for descriptions and definitions). We dis- Duellman, W.E. 1978. The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian sected the three largest eggs and found no evidence of embryo Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publication. Museum of Natural History, University of or yolk formation, suggesting recently ovulated eggs. After Kansas 65: 1–352. Dunn, E.R. 1944. Los géneros de anfibios y reptiles de Colombia. Tercera parte: dissection, we sutured the specimen following the protocol of reptiles, orden de las serpientes. Caldasia 3: 155–224. Hoyos et al. (2015). Hoyos, M.A., S.M. Almeida-Santos, and C.A. Rojas. 2015. A suture method to For B. atrox in the Amazon Basin, the female reproduc- optimize the condition of snake specimens in herpetological collections. Herpetological Review 46: 27–29. tive cycle (i.e., ovulation-fertilization-pregnancy) is continu- Martins, M.M. and M.E. Oliveira. 1998. Natural history of snakes in forests of ous throughout the year in synch with the relatively constant the Manaus region, central Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetological Natural History environmental conditions (Silva et al. 2019). However, 6: 78–150. whether this pattern will hold for higher-elevation popula- Marques, O.A.V., K. Kasperoviczus, and S.M. Almeida-Santos. 2013. Reproductive ecology of the threatened pitviper Bothrops insularis from Queimada Grande tions inhabiting areas where precipitation is bimodal (March– Island, Southeast Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 3: 393–399. https://doi. May and September–December) remains unknown. org/10.1670/11-267. Nogueira, C.C., A.J.S. Argôlo, V. Arzamendia, J.A. Azevedo, F.E. Barbo, R.S. Bérnils, B.E. Bolochio, M. Borges-Martins, M. Brasil-Godinho, H. Braz, Acknowledgments M.A. Buononato, D.F.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Major Article Epidemiological Study of Snakebite Cases in Brazilian Western Amazonia
    Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 51(3):338-346, May-June, 2018 doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0489-2017 Major Article Epidemiological study of snakebite cases in Brazilian Western Amazonia Katia Regina Pena Schesquini Roriz[1], Kayena Delaix Zaqueo[2],[3], Sulamita Silva Setubal[2], Tony Hiroshi Katsuragawa[4], Renato Roriz da Silva[1], Carla Freire Celedônio Fernandes[2],[4], Luiz Augusto Paiva Cardoso[5], Moreno Magalhães de Souza Rodrigues[2], Andreimar Martins Soares[2], Rodrigo Guerino Stábeli[1],[2] and Juliana Pavan Zuliani[1],[2] [1]. Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. [2]. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. [3]. Centro de Referência de Jaciara, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Campus São Vicente, Jaciara, MT, Brasil. [4]. Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. [5]. Centro de Medicina Tropical de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. Abstract Introduction: Brazil has the largest number of snakebite cases in South America, of which the large majority is concentrated in the Midwest and North. Methods: In this descriptive observational study, we assessed the epidemiological and clinical snakebite cases referred to the Centro de Medicina Tropical de Rondônia from September 2008 to September 2010. Results: We followed up 92 cases from admission until discharge, namely 81 (88%) men and 11 (12%) women, with a mean age of 37 years, and mainly from rural areas (91.3%). The snakebites occurred while performing work activities (63%) during the Amazon rainy season (78.3%). The vast majority of individuals presented from the Porto Velho microregion (84.7%).
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Bothrops Alternatus Snake Venom on Macrophage Phagocytosis Er
    The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases ISSN 1678-9199 | 2011 | volume 17 | issue 4 | pages 430-441 Effect of Bothrops alternatus snake venom on macrophage phagocytosis ER P and superoxide production: participation of protein kinase C A P Setubal SS (1), Pontes AS (1), Furtado JL (1), Kayano AM (1), Stábeli RG (1, 2), Zuliani JP (1, 2) RIGINAL O (1) Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology and Laboratory of Cell Culture and Monoclonal Antibodies, Tropical Pathology Research Institute (Ipepatro), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Porto Velho, Rondônia State, Brazil; (2) Center of Biomolecules Applied to Medicine, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, Rondônia State, Brazil. Abstract: Envenomations caused by different species ofBothrops snakes result in severe local tissue damage, hemorrhage, pain, myonecrosis, and inflammation with a significant leukocyte accumulation at the bite site. However, the activation state of leukocytes is still unclear. According to clinical cases and experimental work, the local effects observed in envenenomation by Bothrops alternatus are mainly the appearance of edema, hemorrhage, and necrosis. In this study we investigated the ability of Bothrops alternatus crude venom to induce macrophage activation. At 6 to 100 μg/mL, BaV is not toxic to thioglycollate-elicited macrophages; at 3 and 6 μg/mL, it did not interfere in macrophage adhesion or detachment. Moreover, at concentrations of 1.5, 3, and 6 μg/mL the venom induced an increase in phagocytosis via complement receptor one hour after incubation. Pharmacological treatment of thioglycollate-elicited macrophages with staurosporine, a protein kinase (PKC) inhibitor, abolished phagocytosis, suggesting that PKC may be involved in the increase of serum-opsonized zymosan phagocytosis induced by BaV.
    [Show full text]
  • Bothrops Leucurus (Serpentes, Viperidae) Preying on Micrurus Corallinus (Serpentes, Elapidae) and Blarinomys Breviceps (Mammalia, Cricetidae)
    BOL. MUS. BIOL. MELLO LEITÃO (N. SÉR.) 25:67-71. DEZEMBRO DE 2009 67 Bothrops leucurus (Serpentes, Viperidae) preying on Micrurus corallinus (Serpentes, Elapidae) and Blarinomys breviceps (Mammalia, Cricetidae) Valéria Fagundes1*, Leonardo A. Baião1, Lucas A. Vianna1, Clara S. Alvarenga1, Marianna X. Machado1 & Sílvia R. Lopes1 ABSTRACT: The pitviper genus Bothrops belongs to the subfamily Crotalinae and has currently about 45 species distributed in the Neotropical region, mainly in South America. This genus includes the white-tailed lancehead B. leucurus, which has a wide geographic distribution in northeastern Brazil. We recorded an unusual predation event based on the examination of stomach contents from one specimen of Bothrops leucurus collected in a pitfall trap on February 17, 2009, at the Reserva Biológica do Córrego do Veado, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The snake’s stomach was dissected and two prey items were found: one partially digested juvenile snake Micrurus corallinus (Elapidae) and one undigested rodent of the fossorial species Blarinomys breviceps (Cricetidae). Bothrops leucurus feeds on lizards, rodents and frogs, but here we report ophiophagy by this species for the first time. Key words: Atlantic Forest, Brazil, natural history, ophiophagy, predation. RESUMO: Bothrops leucurus (Serpentes, Viperidae) predando Micrurus corallinus (Serpentes, Elapidae) e Blarinomys breviceps (Mammalia, Cricetidae). O gênero de serpentes Bothrops pertence à família Crotalinae e possui cerca de 45 espécies distribuídas na região neotropical, principalmente na América do Sul. Uma dessas espécies é a jararaca-de-rabo-branco B. leucurus, que tem ampla distribuição geográfica no nordeste do Brasil. Registramos um evento raro de predação, baseado na análise do conteúdo estomacal de um exemplar de B.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Nanobodies Against Hemorrhagic and Myotoxic Components of Bothrops Atrox Snake Venom
    fimmu-11-00655 May 7, 2020 Time: 13:9 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 07 May 2020 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00655 Development of Nanobodies Against Hemorrhagic and Myotoxic Components of Bothrops atrox Snake Venom Henri Bailon Calderon1*, Verónica Olga Yaniro Coronel1,2, Omar Alberto Cáceres Rey1, Elizabeth Gaby Colque Alave1, Walter Jhon Leiva Duran1, Carlos Padilla Rojas1, Harrison Montejo Arevalo1, David García Neyra1, Marco Galarza Pérez1, César Bonilla3, Benigno Tintaya3, Giulia Ricciardi4, Natalia Smiejkowska4, Ema Romão4, Cécile Vincke4, Juan Lévano1, Mary Celys1, Bruno Lomonte5 and Serge Muyldermans4 Edited by: 1 Abdul Qader Abbady, Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto 2 Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru, 3 4 Syria Centro Nacional de Producción de Biológicos (INS), Lima, Peru, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, 5 Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Reviewed by: Costa Rica Wayne Robert Thomas, The University of Western Australia, Australia Snake envenoming is a globally neglected public health problem. Antivenoms produced Peter Timmerman, using animal hyperimmune plasma remain the standard therapy for snakebites. Although Pepscan, Netherlands effective against systemic effects, conventional antivenoms have limited efficacy against *Correspondence: Henri Bailon Calderon local tissue damage. In addition, potential hypersensitivity reactions, high costs for [email protected]; animal maintenance, and difficulties in obtaining batch-to-batch homogeneity are [email protected] some of the factors that have motivated the search for innovative and improved Specialty section: therapeutic products against such envenoming.
    [Show full text]
  • SNAKEBITE ENVENOMATION and DEATH in the DEVELOPING WORLD Luzia S. Cruz, MD
    SNAKEBITE ENVENOMATION AND DEATH IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD The purpose of this review is to address the Luzia S. Cruz, MD; Roberto Vargas, MD, MPH; global incidence and management of snake- Antoˆnio Alberto Lopes, MD, MPH, PhD bite envenomation and to describe the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of envenom- ation by species of the family Viperidae, genera Bothrops and Crotalus, the most INTRODUCTION bite envenomation are reported each common venomous snakes in Brazil. We focus year, with an estimated 35,000–50,000 15,24 on the pathogenesis of the acute renal failure Envenoming from poisonous ani- deaths. In Pakistan, there are 24 induced by these snakes. Envenomation after mals, particularly terrestrial venomous <20,000 snakebite deaths annually. snakebite is an underestimated and neglected In Nepal, there are an estimated 20,000 public health issue responsible for substantial snakes, causes substantial illness and illness and death as well as socioeconomic death and represents an economic snakebites and <200 deaths in hospitals hardship to impoverished populations living in hardship on poor, rural populations annually, predominantly in the eastern 4,24 rural and tropical Africa, Asia, Oceania, and and healthcare systems of tropical and Terai. In Vietnam, from 1992 to Latin America. In developed nations, snake subtropical Africa, Asia, Oceania, and 1998, there were an estimated 300,000 bite typically occurs during recreational activ- 1–25 ities, whereas in developing countries it is an Latin America. Although mortality bites per year, and a case fatality ratio of occupational disease more likely to affect from snakebite is estimated to be one- 22% was reported among plantation young agricultural workers, predominantly tenth that of malaria, no equivalent workers bitten by Malayan pit vipers.24 men.
    [Show full text]
  • Atrox-Activity.Pdf
    HERPETOLOGICAL NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 8 2001 NO. 2 Herpetological Natural History, 8(2), 2001, pages 101–110. ©2002 by La Sierra University WHEN AND WHERE TO FIND A PITVIPER: ACTIVITY PATTERNS AND HABITAT USE OF THE LANCEHEAD, BOTHROPS ATROX, IN CENTRAL AMAZONIA, BRAZIL M. Ermelinda Oliveira Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Amazonas, Av. Rodrigo Otávio 3.000, 69077-000 Manaus AM, Brazil Email: [email protected] Marcio Martins* Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461, 05422-970 São Paulo SP, Brazil Email: [email protected] Abstract. Activity and habitat use in Bothrops atrox are described from central Amazonia using three meth- ods: time constrained search (TCS, in swamp forest in a stream valley and terra firme forest on a plateau), occasional sightings (OS; both in primary forest), and snakes brought to a hospital (IMTM). Results for OS and IMTM indicate that B. atrox is significantly less active during the dry season. The monthly number of snakes found with OS and brought to the IMTM were both correlated with rainfall and relative humidity, but not with temperature. Monthly number of individuals found with TCS did not differ from expectation and was correlated with rainfall but not with humidity or temperature. Encounter rate at night was much higher than by day. Most snakes found at night were hunting in a coiled posture, whereas most snakes found by day were moving. Juveniles were found more frequently on vegetation than adults. The higher incidence of snakebites by B. atrox in summer in the Manaus region may reflect this increase in activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade De São Paulo Escola De Comunicações E Artes Departamento De Informação E Cultura
    UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO ESCOLA DE COMUNICAÇÕES E ARTES DEPARTAMENTO DE INFORMAÇÃO E CULTURA Bruna Acylina Gallo Indicadores de Produção Científica: o caso do Instituto Butantan São Paulo 2019 Bruna Acylina Gallo Indicadores de Produção Científica: o caso do Instituto Butantan Relatório Final de Iniciação Científica submetido ao Departamento de Informação e Cultura da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo. Orientador: Profª. Drª. Nair Yumiko Kobashi São Paulo 2019 AGRADECIMENTOS Gostaria de agradecer à minha orientadora, professora Nair Yumiko Kobashi por orientar este trabalho e por tantos aprendizados. E à Mariana Crivelente por me auxiliar nessa caminhada, pela paciência e colaboração, pois o trabalho analisou parte dos dados do projeto de sua dissertação “Métodos e técnicas bibliométricas de análise de produção científica: um estudo crítico”, do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciência da Informação da Escola de Comunicações e Artes. RESUMO Análise de produção científica do Instituto Butantan, do período 2007-2016, recuperados na Plataforma Lattes. O objetivo da pesquisa foi compreender os conceitos e métodos da Bibliometria e realizar um estudo de caso para aplicá-los. O trabalho seguiu os seguintes procedimentos: revisão de literatura; recuperação de artigos de pesquisadores do Instituto Butantan registrados na Plataforma Lattes; limpeza e normalização dos dados; tratamento bibliométrico dos dados; comparação dos resultados com os indicadores de produção científica publicados nos relatórios anuais do Instituto Butantan. Os resultados referem-se aos seguintes aspectos: indicadores de produção científica e de outras atividades de pesquisa e discussão dos problemas encontrados na produção de indicadores. O processo de pesquisa foi importante para conhecer os conceitos e métodos da Bibliometria e trazer à luz os diversos problemas enfrentados em estudos bibliométricos.
    [Show full text]
  • Clelia Clelia (Black Cribo) Family: Dipsadidae (Rear-Fanged Snakes) Order: Squamata (Lizards and Snakes) Class: Reptilia (Reptiles)
    UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology Clelia clelia (Black Cribo) Family: Dipsadidae (Rear-fanged Snakes) Order: Squamata (Lizards and Snakes) Class: Reptilia (Reptiles) Fig. 1. Black cribo, Clelia Clelia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussurana#/media/File:Mussurana2.jpg, downloaded 31 March 2015] TRAITS. Clelia clelia is a neotropical snake which is blue-black with an off-white under belly (Fig. 1). The maximum length is about 228cm snout-vent length (SVL), with the tail another 24% of SVL. The rostral scale visible from overhead. There are 218-225 ventral scales, one single anal scale, and 19 dorsal scale rows at the mid-body. Juveniles have a bright red dorsum (back) with a black crown with an off-white collar (Fig. 2), and are about 23cm when hatched (Murphy, 1997; Herptofauna of Trinidad and Tobago, 2015). Clelia clelia is an opisthoglyph meaning it is rear fanged, it has large grooved teeth at the rear of the upper jaw that deliver a mild venom to disable its prey. It is not dangerously venomous to humans. DISTRIBUTION. The black cribo is present throughout Trinidad (Boos, 2001), but not Tobago (Fig. 3). However, sightings of adults are limited, and those of juveniles are even rarer (Ali, 2015). Clelia clelia is also widespread from Mexico to Uruguay and Argentina (Fig. 4) (Murphy, 1997). UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology HABITAT AND ACTIVITY. The black cribo is primarily terrestrial, in heavily forested areas. They rely on camouflage to be undetected, and prefer to forage through underbrush and leaf litter.
    [Show full text]
  • Quarterly Bulletin of the Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists' Club Mapepires Galore
    Quarterly Bulletin of the Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists’ Club July - September 2009 Issue No: 3/2009 Mapepires Galore Victor C. Quesnel and Gail Abdullah his is a record of nine encounters between humans and mapepire balsin (Bothrops atrox) all of which occurred on the 52 day period, 16 Feb, 2009 – 8 April 2009 and all in the relatively small area of Tal- T paro and environs. Three people were bitten, all survived but not with equal ease. OBSERVATIONS The three cases of snakebite First Case We start with a description of her experience by Gail Abdulla hereinafter called GA. From here on authors and victims will be referred to by initials only. “At approximately, 4:45 p.m. on Monday 16th Feb. 2009 I was pruning some plants that were growing against a wall of my home at Leotaud Trace, Talparo, when I felt two sharp punctures simultaneously on my right index finger. I suspected the bite/sting was toxic as the wound tingled very mildly. There were two dots of blood at the site about 1 cm apart and the wound itself was not visible. Initially I thought it was a scorpion sting or a spider bite and it felt like two sharp punc- tures that curved slightly upward as they en- tered the flesh and the peculiar sensation that it was happening in slow motion. I then retreated to the kitchen when I could not find the source of the bite while my husband continued to look for it. I took 3 grams of granular vitamin C and very quickly began to feel nauseous and dizzy.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Pitviper of the Genus Bothrops (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from the Central Andes of South America
    Zootaxa 4656 (1): 099–120 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4656.1.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:62FC927B-8DEC-4649-933A-F5FE7C0D5E83 A new species of pitviper of the genus Bothrops (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from the Central Andes of South America JUAN TIMMS1, JUAN C. CHAPARRO2,3, PABLO J. VENEGAS4, DAVID SALAZAR-VALENZUELA5, GUSTAVO SCROCCHI6, JAIRO CUEVAS7, GERARDO LEYNAUD8,9 & PAOLA A. CARRASCO8,9,10 1Asociación Herpetológica Española, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, España. 2Museo de Biodiversidad del Perú, Urbanización Mariscal Gamarra A-61, Zona 2, Cusco, Perú. 3Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Paraninfo Universitario (Plaza de Armas s/n), Cusco, Perú. 4División de Herpetología, Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Santa Rita 10536, Of. 202, Huertos de San Antonio, Surco, Lima, Perú. 5Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb) e Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla, Quito, Ecuador EC170301. 6UEL-CONICET and Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina. 7Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Séneca, 2, 28040 Madrid, España. 8Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Rondeau 798, Córdoba 5000, Argentina. 9Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Rondeau 798, Córdoba 5000, Argentina.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Analysis of Newborn and Adult Bothrops Jararaca Snake Venoms
    Toxicon 56 (2010) 1443–1458 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Toxicon journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/toxicon Comparative analysis of newborn and adult Bothrops jararaca snake venoms Thatiane C. Antunes a, Karine M. Yamashita a, Katia C. Barbaro b, Mitiko Saiki c, Marcelo L. Santoro a,* a Laboratory of Physiopathology, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo-SP, Brazil b Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo-SP, Brazil c Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo-SP, Brazil article info abstract Article history: Different clinical manifestations have been reported to occur in patients bitten by newborn Received 26 March 2010 and adult Bothrops jararaca snakes. Herein, we studied the chemical composition and Received in revised form 24 August 2010 biological activities of B. jararaca venoms and their immunoneutralization by commercial Accepted 26 August 2010 antivenin at these ontogenetic stages. Important differences in protein profiles were Available online 8 September 2010 noticed both in SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional electrophoresis. Newborn venom showed lower proteolytic activity on collagen and fibrinogen, diminished hemorrhagic activity in Keywords: mouse skin and hind paws, and lower edematogenic, ADPase and 50-nucleotidase activi- Viperidae Ontogenesis ties. However, newborn snake venom showed higher L-amino oxidase, hyaluronidase, Blood platelets platelet aggregating, procoagulant and protein C activating activities. The adult venom is Prothrombin more lethal to mice than the newborn venom. In vitro and in vivo immunoneutralization Hemostasis tests showed that commercial Bothrops sp antivenin is less effective at neutralizing Seroneutralization newborn venoms.
    [Show full text]
  • Bothrops Leucurus Bothrops
    56 Rejâne Maria Lira-da-Silva Gaz. méd. Bahia 2009;79 (Supl.1):56-65 BOTHROPS LEUCURUS WAGLER, 1824 (SERPENTES; VIPERIDAE): NATURAL HISTORY, VENOM AND ENVENOMATION BOTHROPS LEUCURUS WAGLER, 1824 (SERPENTES; VIPERIDAE): HISTÓRIA NATURAL, VENENO E ENVENENAMENTO Rejâne Maria Lira-da-Silva Núcleo Regional de Ofiologia e Animais Peçonhentos da Bahia (NOAP), Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil Bothrops leucurus has a large distribution in the Brazilian coast, from the State of Maranhão until Espírito Santo, where it occurs in a variety of forested and anthropogenic habitats. It may be found in humid, sub-humid, dry and semi-arid environments. It is terrestrial and medium-sized (250-1840mm). Preys are mostly rodents for adult snakes and frogs/lizards for juveniles, indicating an ontogenetic shift in diet. Data about the reproductive biology showed that B. leucurus is a viviparous species, pregnancy (four months) and birth occurs during the winter and summer seasons, respectively and litter medium size is 19 young. Its venom is characterized by a high fibrinolytic, proteolytic, hemorrhagic and edematogenic activity and a low coagulant activity and it has an important capacity for getting myonecrosis. The B. leucurus’ poison has a capacity of inhibiting the neuromuscular transmission in an irreversible and dose-dependent way, because of its post-junction actions, and in low concentrations it has a pre- synaptic action. This snake is responsible for most of the ophidic accidents in Bahia, Brazil. The envenomation is characterized by local (pain, edema, erythema and ecchymosis), hemorrhagic, coagulation, digestive (vomit, nausea) and urinary (oliguria, anuria, haematuria) symptoms, besides headache, dizziness, hypotension, bradycardia, clouded vision and trembling.
    [Show full text]