Tion), 376-8, 381, 382 N., 389, 395, 397, 433 Don), 396, 405 207, 375

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-48246-2 - The Damascus Affair: "Ritual Murder," Politics, and the Jews in 1840 Jonathan Frankel Index More information

Index

Abarbanel, Don Isaac, 272 dispatch of Loria and Ventura by, Abdallah Bey el-Adam (also Abdallah Bey 175-6, 181-2 Almak Sadi or Abdullah Bey Admi Muhammed Ali's capital, 64, 69, 118, Zade), 46 n. 125, 149,296,331,335 Abdallah Pasha, 33-4 press reports from, 74, 112, 175, 202, Abdul Majid (sultan), 300, 333 365-6 Sultan's firman (regarding blood accusa reputed ritual murder in, 404 tion), 376-8, 381, 382 n., 389, 395, Alfandari, Raphael I., 67, 81, 85, 104 397, 433 Algemeen Handelsblad, 109 Aberdeen, Lord (George Hamilton Gor Algiers, 193 don), 396, 405 Ali Agha, 35-6, 387 Abu el-Afieh, Haim Nisim, 47, 83, 156, Ali, Said, 152 207, 375 Alkalai, Yehuda, 256, 296, 311, 408, 428 Abu el-Afieh, Jacob, 27-8 Allgemeine Preussische Staatszeitung, 140 Abu el-Afieh, Moses (after his conversion, Allgemeine Zeitung (Augsburg), 75, 77, 118, Muhammed Effendi), 23, 51, 76 140-3, 147, 172, 180, 206, 366, 439 "confession" of, 24, 26-8, 43, 90, 100, Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums, 68, 240-1, 178-80, 191,269 251, 253, 325, 347, 373 conversion to Islam, 47, 79, 100, 136 Alliance Israelite Universelle, 5, 434-5 family connections, 44-6, 83, 90, 375 Alsace-Lorraine, Jewish community of, 8, Talmudic translations of, 47-9, 276, 199, 249, 442 415 n., 416, 422 Altona, 224, 227 torture, 46 al-Zarqa, Mustafa, 417 n., 429 n. Abu el-Afieh, Ora, 46, 56, 180 Amara (Qamara), Ibrahim, 19-20, 152, 179, Acre, 33-4 388 Adana, 194 alleged murder of, 26-7, 31, 50-1, 67, Ahasuerus, 56 88 Ahmed Pasha al-Jazzar, 33-4 See, too, Damascus affair; Thomas, Father al-Dawlibi, Maarouf, 417 n. Amato, R. A., 156 n. Aleppo, 54, 67, 80, 89, 95, 118,416 Amberg, von, 322 reputed ritual murder in, 54 Ami de Religion, 117,200 Alexander II (of Russia), 409, 424 Amsterdam, 66, 80, 105, 109, 227, 256, Alexander VII (pope), 186 273 Alexander, Michael Solomon, 268, 392 Amurath (= ai-Murad III [?]), 359, 365 Alexandria, 17, 155, 183,214 Anatolia, 32, 333, 344 and Cremieux/Montefiore, 118,214-15, Ancona, 9, 239 217,237,247,296-7,332-3,334, Andreas of Rinn, St., 269-70 336, 338, 341-61, 370-1, 397 Anglican Church (Church of England), 211, European consuls in, 60, 83, 90, 99-105, 223, 260-1, 262, 286, 290, 298, 300, 118, 119, 131-2, 135, 164, 169-75, 392 176, 185, 203, 226, 290, 332-4, Antebi, Jacob, 26, 28, 41, 43-5, 47, 51, 72, 349, 350-2, 356 88, 101, 155, 167 n. Jews/Jewish community of, 67, 165-6, defense of the Jews by, 37, 48-9, 276 205,338,354,360,370-1,410,438 torture of, 36-7, 42-3, 150

471

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-48246-2 - The Damascus Affair: "Ritual Murder," Politics, and the Jews in 1840 Jonathan Frankel Index More information

472 Index

Antioch, reputed ritual murder in, 54 the press in, 123, 137-8 anti-Semitism, 3, 69 n., 420, 422-3, 430-1, See, too, Metternich; Rothschild, S. 437, 442-3. See, too, blood accusation; Avignon, Jewish community of: 255 protocols; Talmud Ayrout, Joseph, 96-7, 153 Anti-slavery society/movement, 188,219, Ayrout, Mrs., 96-7 405 Ayub, Sib Ii, 36, 49, 58, 63, 99, 150, 172, Apponyi, Anton Rudolf, Count, 102, 198 270,416 Arab/ Arabs, the, 313-14 and downfall of Ottoman Empire, 313 Baal,280 representatives at UN, 417 Baden, 313, 439 of same stock as Jews, 313 Baghdad, 28, 32 Arabian Peninsula, 194,333 Jewish community of, 54 Archives Israelites, 8, 235, 243-5, 247, 249, Bahri Bey, Hanna, 35, 94, 347, 387 374, 404 central role of, 51-2, 62 Armenians, 68, 153, 297 and Farhis, 63, 386 Ashley, Lord (Anthony Ashley Cooper; later Balkans, the, 10, 42, 296 the 7th Earl of Shaftesbury), 427 Balzac, Honore de, 440 on behalf of the Jews, 131, 196,304, Bar Yochai, Shimon, Rabbi, 49, 274, 277 307-9, 317-20, 444 Baring, Thomas, Sir, 131,290 character of, 291, 308 Barker, John, 416 and Palmerston, 196,291-3,306,310 Barnai, Yaakov (Jacob), 442 n. and "Restoration of the Jews," 293-4, Baron, Salo Wittmayer, 316, 429 302-3, 305-6, 391-2 Barrot, Odilon, 110, 187 See, too, Evangelicals; Palmerston; "Resto- Bartal, Israel, 429 ration of the Jews" Baseler Monatsschriji, 322 Assassins, 265 n. Basevi, A., 239 Ata, Mikhail, 152 bastinado, 60, 69-71, 101, 173 Athens, 372 Bauer, Bruno, 414 Aud, H., Rabbi, 243 Bavaria, 73, 252, 262, 411 Auerbach, Berthold, 324 Bayerische Landboten, 77 Augsburg, 75, 140-1, 143, 147,201,206, Beaudin, Jean-Baptiste, 21, 57, 79, 148-9, 241,441 174,181,190,426 Austria/Habsburg Empire, 19, 122, 140, in business/debt enforcement, 17, 40, 180, 229, 249, 253, 284, 333, 336, 59-60,88 348, 359, 368, 394, 440 character of, 58-9, 337 appointment of Jewish consuls by, 89, distrust of (by the Jews), 180, 182 104,229 interrogations by, 48, 63, 97, 178, 183 diplomatic representatives of, 66, 89, 93, and the press, 74, 78-9, 117, 364, 416 119,123,161,169,194,229 Becker, Nikolaus, 324 in Aleppo, 89-91, 95,104,117-18, Behor, Negri, 79 120, 388 Beilis trial (for reputed ritual murder), 4, in Alexandria, 101-2, 105, 118, 182, 401,416,423-4,442,443 n. 203, 338, 388. See Laurin Beirut, 17, 25, 32, 66, 74-5, 81, 104, 110, in Beirut, 50 112, 120, 138, 144, 150, 155, 166, in Constantinople, 101-2, 105, 119, 332,356,360,387,417 122, 159 Jewish community of, 67, 166 in Damascus, 53, 89, 94-5, 97-8, 102, reputed ritual murder in, 54 149, 179-80, 183,207,358. See Belgium, 120, 170, 252 Merlato Jewish community of, 8 in Paris, 102, 123, 198, 368 press in, 78, 197 in Rhodes, 71-2, 122, 158-9, 161 Belgrade, 256 foreign policy, 123, 129, 164, 202, Ben Israel, Menasseh, 113,208,221,258, 388-9 263, 266, 286 Jewish community of, 6, 120, 204, 249, Ben Levi, G., 235 316-22,375,418,440 Ben Noud (called Catherine), 269

Index 473

Benisch, Abraham, 316-17, 321-2, 324, the Sultan's firman on, 376-7, 381 396, 405, 429, 444 support for, 136, 140, 143, 154, 184, Bennet, Dr., 163 191,203-4,208,211,216,259, Bennett, James Gordon, 213 262-4,266-7,367-8,411-24, Bentham, Jeremy, 32 441-2 Berlin, 159, 268, 423, 444 ritual aspectsl"mysteries" of, 26, 28-9, Congress of 1878, 435 49, 71, 74, 100, 110, 112, 121, 149, Jewish community of, 247 152, 209, 260, 264, 368, 417 n., 422 Berliner Allgemeine Kirchenzeitung, 298 widespread belief in, 63-70, 75, 159, Bethlehem, 391 171,208,249-51,367,437-8, Bible, 266, 407-8 441-3 and blood accusation, 84, 110, 204, See, too, Bible; Catholic Church; Damas 208-9, 261-3, 270, 272, 278-80, cus affair; papacy; press; Talmud; 412-15,441 and individual locations in which and radical criticism of, 279-80, 412-15, blood accusations occurred 441 Board of Deputies of British Jews, 395-6 and "Restoration of the Jews," 285-7, and government/Parliament, 8-9, 125-8, 293-4, 297-8, 302-3, 305 129-30, 215 Bicheno, James, 287 and mission/correspondence committee, Bickersteth, Edward, 303 224,332,341-2,378 Bidwell,John, 154, 183,386 and press/public opinion, 125, 130, Biliotti, c., 158 144-5, 218, 228, 282, 365-6, 378 Black Hundreds movement, 3 public image/history of, 85, 124, 433-4 Bloch, Joseph S., 419 and public meetings, 124-5,216-19 blood accusation/libel, 149, 344 See, 100, Great Britain decline in prosecutions/ credibility of, 29, Boghos Bey, Yusufiyan, 297 118, 169,406,442-3 Bohemia, 317 "fimatical sect" responsible for, 66, 70-1, Bonifatius Verein, 419 75,77,99,136,191,209,211, Book of Jasher, 328 265-7,269-70 Bordeaux, 236 history of, 29, 85, 101, 113, 155, 186, Borne, Ludwig (Loeb Baruch), 8 204-5, 252, 257-8, 265, 269-70, Bouree, Nicolas' Prosper, 337 n. 272, 277, 345, 374-5, 423, 439, Bowring, John, Dr., 32, 62, 159 n., 223, 442-3 331-2 in Austria, 138, 252, 269 Brawer, Abraham Jacob, 94, 105, 429 in Belgium, 252 Brazil, 100 in England, 29, 144, 265 Brenz, Samuel Friedrich, 269 in France, 117 Breslau, 255, 280 in Germany, 29, 143, 204-5, 249, 260, bribery, 36, 38-9, 51, 58, 95, 143, 162, 268, 423 172, 182-3,203,372,388,415 in the Middle East, 54-5, 63-5, 211 Bridgetown, Barbados, 224 in Northern Italy, 204, 252, 269-70, 416 Briffault, Eugene, 115 in Poland, 205, 208, 249, 258 n. Briggs, Samuel, 155, 343, 345, 347, 354 in Russia, 4, 9, 140,251,423 Bristol, 227 polemics about, 121-2,257-83 Brilish Critic, 211 converts from Judaism on, 167, 187, Brody, 411 208-9, 246, 253, 259, 264, Brussels, 252 265 n., 267-9 Bruti, Monsignor, 379 Jewish attacks on, 83-4, 1l0, 112-13, Bunsen, Christian Karl, 391, 444 124-5, 141, 165,210,219-21, Buren, Martin van, 226 241, 246-7, 261, 263-4, 266, Buxdorff [Buxtorfl], Johannes, 267 277-8, 281, 359-60, 387 non-Jewish/anonymous attacks on, Cahen, Samuel, 243-5, 249 189, 209, 211, 223-4, 246, Cairo, 341, 350, 359-60, 416 252-3, 261, 263-7, 387 Jewish community of, 370-2

474 Index Calman, Erasmus Scott, 268, 308-10 Charles X (of France), 110 Calvinists, 285 Charles Albert (of Piedmont-Sardinia), 186 Camondo, Abraham, 157 n., 375 Charleston, South Carolina, 224 Camondo, Isaac, 80 Chasseaud, Jasper, 66-7, 273 n. Campbell, Patrick, Col., 60, 62 Chiaga Bey, 158 Canterbury, Archbishop of, 392 Chiarini, Luigi, 368 Canton, 55, 390,416 Chmielnicki (Khmelnytsky), Bogdan, 251 capitulatory agreements, 17,89,96 Cholewa Pawlikowski, Konstantin de, 417 European powers under the, 18,35 Chorin, Aron, 246 n. protection for clergy under, 20 Christ. See Jesus Christ Capuchins, 20, 25, 55, 68, 174, 192,379, Christian Obseroer, 211 381,416 Christianity, 443 Carinthia, 252 characterization of, in the Talmud, 49, Carpentras, Jewish community of, 255 273-6 Caspian Sea, 304 See, too, Catholic Church; Orthodox; Castro, Hananel de, 342 n., 365, 369-70, Protestant 378 Church Fathers, 277 Catholic Church (the Roman)/Catholics, Church of Scotland, 297-8, 299 211, 277, 285, 287, 290, 293 Churchill, Charles Henry, Maj., 327 n., blood accusation and, 112, 186-7, 394-6 191-3, 203-5, 229, 257-8, 260, Cincinnati, 224 268-70,379-81,418-22,424,430, circumcision, 263, 413 436, 438-9, 442 City of London (the City), 219, 222-4, 403, emancipation of (in England), 8, 124, 196 436 and the Jews, 4, 239, 285 "civilization" / enlightenment/humanity/ in the Middle East, 62-3, 81, 164,230 progress, 99, 219-21, 223-4, 266, under protection of France, 20, 57, 302,316,390,403-4,425-6,432, 126, 199,202,337,384 434-7 press (Catholic), 77-8, 116, 137, 197, and CremieuxiMontefiore, 113, 125, 199, 201, 203-5, 212-13, 229, 262, 219,282,374-5,403,406,425 366-8, 418, 420 and Muhammed Ali, 104, 128 divisions within, 116, 199,212 Civilta Cattolica, 419, 420 silence of (in Rome), 116, 139, 229 Clarendon, Lord (George William Villiers), See, too, Christianity; Greek Catholics; 336 n. papacy; press; Propaganda Fide; Clement VI (pope), 186 Ultramontane [Catholicism); Univers Clement XlV (pope). See Ganganelli Center Party (Germany), 422 Clot-Bey, Antoine, Dr., 62 n., 346, 349, Central Consistory 352-4,371 and affair, 125-6,214-17,221,234, Cochelet, Adrien-Louis, 135, 190, 194, 243-4,433 340-1,415 and government/public opinion, 85, 118, and the affair, 176, 200 125-6, 133-4,221,266,331,433 conflict with Laurin, 102, 123, 152, and local consistories, 236-7 164, 170-2, 174,215,331,353 and mission/committee of seven, 214-15, the mission and, 238, 331, 336-7, 237-8,331, 339 343-7,366 public image of, 85, 434 and Ratti-Menton, 100-1, 151-2, See, too, Cremieux; France Uews/Jewish 183 n. community) life of, 99-100, 105,345 Cerfbeer, Max, 238 and Muhammed Ali, 132, 164, 171-2, Chamber of Deputies (France), 186-7, 189, 335-6, 349-52, 356-7 197,200,214,215-16,235-6,246, and Thiers-Guizot, 100, 152, 337, 351, 268-9,335,410,426 356,388 Chamber of Peers (France), 189, 192, 196, See, too, Alexandria; France; Muhammed 205,208 Ali; Ratti-Menton; Thiers Charles II (of England), 293 Cohen, Louis, 124

Index 475

Cohen, M. D., Rabbi, 110, 138 Cremieux, Amelie, 339, 345, 352, 359, 372 Cohn, Albert, 84-5, 113, 234, 249 Cremieux-Montefiore mission, 12, 254, Colmar, Jewish community of, 227 331-61,425 Cologne, 199 assessment/results of, 356-61, 364-7 Commerce, 197, 200 contacts with Egyptian figures, 337, 356 Commons, House of, 8, 124, 194-6,207, separately, 338, 341-4, 346-7, 352-5, 219-20, 222, 253, 308, 436 357 consistory system, 8. See, too, Central Con together, 345, 348-9, 359, 433 sistory and by regions difficulties/ concessions, 331-2, 336-8, Constantinople (Istanbul), 17, 74, 83, 273, 342-50 275, 333, 385 failure of (expected/perceived), 347-50, diplomatic community in, 19,67,99, 362,369-70,378,397,405,433 100-2, 122, 128, 131, 159-60, 164, Montefiore in Constantinople/Rome, 226,310 375-82 government in, 69, 71, 125, 350, 352, financing of/expenditures, 216, 227-8, 375-8 233,372 Jews/Jewish community in, 10, 67-9, 80, genesis of, 214-28, 331, 433 124,156-7,160,174,207-8,228, opposition to, 236-7 230, 375-6, 404 personality conflicts during, 338-41, 346, Constitutionnel, 76-7, 115, 368 352-5, 358-9 Corfu, 372 praise for/success of, 253,372-5,382-3, Courier, 144, 365 385,405-8,410-11,426,433-4 Courrier Fran(ais, Ill, 115, 135, 206 n., 357 press comment on, 338, 362, 364-70, Courrier de Meuse, 77, 200 373, 378-9, 433 Courrier de la Moselle, 247 support for, 222-8, 236-7, 254-5 "Court" Jews, 120, 440 See, too, Cremieux; historiography; Mon- Cowper, Emily, Lady, 291, 318 n. tefiore; Muhammed Ali; myth Creizenach, Michael, 409 Crete, 194,333,350 Crt:mieux, Adolphe, 124, 225, 238-9, 243, Cromwell, Oliver, 113, 208, 286, 293 256, 332-3, 372, 428-9, 434 Crool, Joseph, 295 and the affair, 85, 124-6, 134, 191,214- Crusades, the, 117, 204, 248, 301, 315, 16,219-21,236,404-6,411,432, 367, 391, 407 436 Cural

Index

124, 130, lSI, 185, 187-~ 191, Darwinism, 419 200, 208-9, 223, 226, 247, 256, Daumer, Georg Friedrich, 280, 412-15, 260,311,343,352,355,360, 441 386-9,394 Davis, Joel, 70 countermeasures taken by, 35-6, 88, DBH (anonymous Konstanz correspondent), 182 313-15,322 divisions within, 39, 41, 44-5, 93 Denmark, 158, 169-70 fear/prevention of massacre, 64-5, Derenburg, Joseph N., 281-2 151,437-8 Deschamps, Bousquet, 228 n. finance/business as a factor in, 32, 44, Desportes, Henri, 422-3, 429 223 Deutz, Emmanuel, 221, 266 persecution of, 38, 41, 60, 64, 86, 98, dhimmi (a Jew or a Christian under Muslim 101,150-1,155,157,164,195, rule), 32 206, 254, 345, 387 Diario di Roma, 229 population of, 32 Dickens, Charles, 328 reactions to the affair, 31, 50, 52, 79- Dinur (Dinaburg), Ben-Zion, 65, 68, 72, 80,94 311, 428, 432 the Muslim community of: 32, 60, 64, 91, diplomatic community/consuls, in Middle 143, 154-5, 182,360,365,386-7 East, 10, 17-18, 158-9, 167 n., 173. pashas of, 34, 75. See, too, Sherif Pasha See, too, Alexandria; Constantinople; Damascus affair, the (the actual disap Damascus; Rhodes pearance of Father Thomas), 1, 17, Disraeli, Benjamin, 305, 444 19-20, 66, 68-9, 76, 81, 89, 133, 166, Djobar, 151 173, 176, 185, 195,207,254-5,257, Djunia,359 259,280,284,311,385,387 dragomen, 18, 172. See, too, Beaudin; Pisani and conspiracy theories, 50, 52, 65, 72, Draseke, Johann Heinrich Bernhard, 252 311,426 Dresden, 7 consular involvement in, 57, 60, 63, 437 anti-Semitic congress in, 422 and financial causes, 50, 53, 60, 63, 66, Dreyfus affair, 3, 5, 423 75, 94, 113, 241 Druidic sacrifices, 76 imprisonment/release of suspects, 150, Drumont, Edouard, 265 n., 422 154-5, 173, 178,352-3,355, Druse, 19, 139, 151,213,301,331 n., 336, 360-1,365-6,426 438 and "pardon" issue, 165, 178, 344-6, Dublin, 224, 227 355-7,364-7,389 Dubnow, Simon, 427, 432 possible execution of suspects, 24-5, Ducker, Abraham, 428 64,86-8,100,151,173,178 Durfort-Civrac, Marie-Henri Louis, Count investigation of, 22, 24-5, 28, 74 de, 269 n. February-March, 26-30, 37-44, 46- 50,63 Echo de I'Orient, 73, 84 mid-March-May, 86-7, 90-1, 93-5, Eck, Johann, 265 97, 150, 167-9 education/Jewish schools, 282, 370-2, 374, June-August, 176-85, 388 382,397,403,426,435 press reports about, 73-8,116-17,177, Egypt, 62, 99, 105, 145, 156, 160, 164, 185, 196-7,438 169, 181, 183-4, 216, 224, 297, 300, Ratti-Menton's role in, 50, 52, 56-8, 60, 302,304-5,331-3,336,343-4, 87, 95-9 347-8, 357, 370-1, 426 torture/interrogation of suspects, 39-42, "Einheit." See Vienna (proto-Zionist club) 46-7, 101,222,323 n., 346 Eisenmenger, Johann Andreas, 141,258, See, too, blood accusation; historiography; 267,271-2,274,278,419 Merlato; press; protocols; Ratti el-Fatal, Murad, 23-4, 27 Menton; Sherif Pasha; Thomas, Fa testimony of, 26, 38-40, 76, 90, 93, ther; torture 177-8 Damascus affair (Jewish assessments in Eu torture of, 38-9 rope), 219-21, 233, 240-9, 252-5 Ellice, Edward, 336 n.

Index 477 "EI Male Rahamim," 407 Faris, Habib, 416 n. el-Mukan (muleteer), 139 n. fast -days, 406 el-Tayan, Mansur, 48, 63, 178-9 Ferrara, Jewish community of, 239 el-Telli, Muhammed, 22, 52, 387-8 Ferraris, Lucius (Lucio), 47, 49, 67, 258, assistance of the prosecution, 39, 51, 59, 272 63, 89, 97 Feuerbach, Ludwig, 279-80 extortion by, 39-40 Fifth Monarchists, 285 emancipation/ civil equality, 240, 445 Finn, James, 288 n. of Catholics, 8, 124, 196 Florence, 139 of Jews, 2, 4, 57, 89, 185, 294, 372, Forsyth, John, 226, 364 432-3 Fould, Benoit, 186-7, 189, 216, 220, in Austrian Empire, 374-5 234-6, 268-9 in England, 124, 146, 195-6,207, Fould (family), 8, 227 220-3, 225, 233, 288 France, 96, 110, 117, 207, 209, 248, 265, in France, 111-12, 132,200-1,204, 287,300,372,402,429-30,441 220, 234, 249, 375, 441 diplomatic representatives of, 161, 194, in Germany, 247, 278, 313, 413-14 199,337 rejection of in Alexandria, 99-100,152,170, by Jews, 248-9, 313 172-3, 183,201,335,343-4, by some Christian millennialists, 289, 347, 350-2, 356 444 in Constantinople, 100, 102, 160-1 emancipationism, 433, 435 in Damascus, 30, 36, 50-1, 53, 57, 59, emigration, Jewish, 222, 252, 315-16, 319 78,87,90,94, 115, 118, 150, Enlightenment, the, 427. See, too, "civiliza- 152,160-1, 173, 177, 181, 183, tion"; Haskalah 189, 198, 201, 206, 213, 272, Erter, Isaac, 409 360-1, 404, 426, 429-30 Eskeles (banking house), 120 rights of under capitulations, 20, 198, Essenes, 219 381 Esterhazy (family), 119 foreign policy of, 193-4,362-3 J;:sther, Queen, 56, 407, 434. See, too, Purim and Catholics in East, 62, 202, 337 Etienne, Jean-Baptiste, abbe, 337 diplomatic defeat of, 356-7, 361, 388, Eucharist, 29 n., 277-8, 413 n., 414 391 Evangelicals/Evangelicalism, 314, 391 and Egypt/Syria, 19,57,61-2, 126, Anglican, 82, 211, 260, 290 202, 301-2, 333-7, 350, 390-1, Lutheran, 260 440-1 See, too, Ashley; London Society; millen government of 1 March/Parliament in, nialism, Christian 17,78,115,132,146,166,184, Evening Star, 213, 226, 327-8 186-90,214,363,402,410,426 Exodus, the, 407-8 and Muhammed Ali, 100, 194, 332-6, 345, 350, 357 Fakh, Isaac, Rabbi, 83 See, too, Chamber of Deputies/Peers; Falmouth, 17,224 Cochelet; press; Ratti-Menton; Farhi, Asian, 26-7, 44, 88, 93, 178-9 Thiers Farhi, Deborah, 58 France (Jews/Jewish community), 288 Farhi, Haim (Acre), 33-4 attacks on, 204, 441 Farhi, Haim (Jerusalem), 156 characteristics of! divisions in, 8, 233-8, F arhi, Isaac, 83 243-4,247-9,321-2 Farhi, Joseph Menahem, 27-8, 35, 182 and government, 102, 192-3,214,441 Farhi, Meir, 26, 35, 88, 99, 179 population of, 8 Farhi, Murad, 26-7, 32, 35, 49, 52 and press/public opinion, 147, 200-1 Farhi, Nisim, 32 See, too, Archives Israelites; Central Con- Farhi, Raphael, 26-7, 34-6, 63, 88, 155 sistory; Cremieux; emancipation; "intimidation of witnesses" by, 23 Rothschild, J. Farhis (family), 34, 36, 44, 63, 91 Francis of Sardinia (Ploaghe), Father, 25, wealth and status of, 32-3 53, 116-18, 145-6, 188,278

Index

Francis I (of France), 188 Gironde, consistory of, 237 Franks (European Jews in East), 31, 165, Giuliani, Anton (Antonio) G., 72, 159, 161 371,397 Globe, 207,300-1,304-7,325,327,393, Frank, Joseph, 296 427 Frankel, Zacharias, 141,275,277-8 Glogau (Silesia), 249 Frankfurter Journal, 77, 140, 242 Gog and Magog, 286 Frankfurt-am-Main, 7, 80, 242, 312, Goldsmid, Francis, Sir, 8, 124, 221 n. 372-3,409 Goldsmid, Isaac Lyon, 124, 126, 216, 221 Frankische Kurier, 278 Goudchaux (family), 8 Franklin, Jacob, 382 Gougenot des Mousseaux, Henri-Roger, Fransoni, Giacomo Filippo, Cardinal, 116, 417-18 229, 239, 379 goyim. See Gentiles Frederick II (emperor), 205 Graetz, Heinrich, 50, 68, 72, 257, 401, Frederick William IV (of Prussia), 391 425-7,432,435-7,439 Frej, Hanna, 97 Grafenberg, reputed ritual murder in, 413 Fresco, Moses H., 156, 376. See, too, Hach- Grand Island (N.Y.)/ "Ararat," 327 am Bashi Grant, Robert, Sir, 288 Friedland, Nathan, 409 Granville, Lord (Granville Leveson-Gower), Fua, Salamon, 80, 157 n. 336 n., 381 Furst, Julius, 241, 244, 247, 252, 254, 312- Grazer Zeitung, 138 14,322-4 Great Britain/England, 347 admired by Jews on Continent, 253-4, Gaetani, Dr., 346, 349, 352-4, 372 403,410,426-7,436 Gagi, Eliakim Morcado, 166 diplomatic representatives of, 169, 298, Galicia, 205, 250, 252,404,409-10,439 301 Galvez, Valentino, 55 n. in Alexandria, 128-9, 132, 149-50, Ganganelli, Lorenzo, Cardinal (later Pope 167, 169, 195,290,299,332,359 Clement XIV), 269-70 in Constantinople, 128, 131, 161-3, Gans, Eduard, 327 310,312,336,393-4 Gazette de France, 77-8, 110, 116, 238, 243 in Damascus, 53, 57-8, 91, 130, 146, Gazette de Languedoc, 74, 77-8, 200, 202-5, 148-9, 167, 183-4, 189, 195, 237, 262, 366 215,332,348,366-7,386-7,389 Gazette des Tribunaux, 77-8, 110, 114, 125, inJerusalem, 127, 148,291-3,298,396 354 in Rhodes, 69-71, 128, 130-1, 146, Gazzetta Piemontese, 77, 139 156-8, 161, 389 Geiger, Abraham, 141,425 foreign policy of, 19, 132, 140, 164,299- radical reform of Judaism and, 280-2 301, 336, 393-5 the Talmud and, 274-5, 281 and the press (regarding affair), 77, 125, Gelber, Nathan Michael, 316, 427-9 129, 143-7, 197,206-12,219, Genoa, 17,88 262-9,300-7,358,365,369-70, Gentiles, 49, 105,225,270-1,273,275-7, 378 287-8,293,294,394 See, too, House of Commons/Lords; George, Prince of Cambridge, 305 London Society; Palmerston; "Resto Germany/German states/the German Con ration of the Jews" federation, 180,259-60,267,363, 366 Great Britain Oews/Jewish community) Jews/Jewish communities in, 3, 6, 204, characteristics of/divisions in, 8-9, 215- 247-8, 251-2, 257, 271, 274, 278, 22,233,318,320 280-3,288,313,318,322-8, founding of press in, 405 402-4, 413, 425 "lobbying" efforts by, 194-5,217-19,254 laws concerning, 7 population of, 8 See, too, press reaction to affair, 207, 215-22, 266-7 Ghillany, Friedrich Wilhelm, 280, 412-15, See, too, Board of Deputies; Cremieux- 441 Montefiore mission; Montefiore; Gibraltar, 17, 167 n., 227 press, Jewish Gintsburg (Guenzburg), Mordechai Aaron, Greece, 68, 158, 170,225,244,305,313, 409-11,425 404

Index 479 Greek Catholics, 51, 53-4, 68, 152 on the blood accusation, 142, 266 Greek Orthodox, 69-70, 126, 156, 158, and the press, 206 163, 213, 264, 280, 290, 391 on Thiers, 132, 142,191-2,194 Greeks, 22, 53, 68, 71, 100, 156-8, 162-3 Henriques, Joseph G., 124, 126, 129, 215 national liberation of, 225, 314-15, 404 "Hep, Hep" riots, 3, 7, 251, 324 Gregory IX (pope), 186, 238, 257 Herschel, Israel F., 268 Gregory XVI (pope), 139, 186, 229, 238, Herschel (Hirschel), Solomon, 124, 221, 269,379 266-7,309,319 Grimshawe, Thomas S., Rev., 298 Herzl, Theodor, 5 Guizot, Franl;ois Pierre Guillaume, 177, Hess, Mendel, 240-1, 245, 254 382,388-90,415 Hess, Moses, 323-5, 414-15 Gulhane, hatti-sherif of, 62, 65, 104, 156, proto-Zionism and, 323-5, 414-15 163, 385 works dating from the 1830s-40s, 324 Gutzkow, Karl, 414 Hibbat Zion, 311, 427 historiography of the Damascus affair, 13, Habsburg Empire, 104, 119, 187, 196-7, 401,414-15 202, 252, 440. See, too, Austria anti-Jewish/Semitic, 402 Hacham Bashi (M. Fresco), 10, 69, 156, Arab (anti-Zionist), 416-17 376-7,404 in the 1840s, 411-15 Haguenau, reputed ritual murder in, 204, French, 415-16, 422-4 407 n. Nazi,430-1 Hailbronner, Karl, Count von, 93, 98, 155, Jewish, 401-4, 427-30, 432, 435 180 n. archival research, 429-30 Halek, Solomon, 144 Graetz/Graetz's influence, 401, 425-7, interrogation of, 22-3, 38-40, 74, 90, 432,435-7,443 100, 177 Jost/Jost's influence, 403-4, 410, 426 recantation of, 43, 177 popular/little-known, 406-11 Halphen, Anselm, 227, 237 See, too, myth; protocols Hama, reputed ritual murder in, 54 Hitler, Adolf, 429 n. Haman, 407 Hitzig,Julius Eduard, 412, 415 Hamburg, 140, 224, 383 Hodges, John Lloyd, Col., 128-9, 132, 151, Jewish community of, 227, 254, 289 159,166-7,171-2, 195,332,334, reputed ritual murder in, 204 336,341,348,353,359 Hansard, 196 Hohenzollem kingdom. See Prussia "Hapekidim vehaamarkalim" (charitable or Holland, 84, 89, 170, 239, 265 ganization), 81, 105 Jewish community of, 8, 77 Harari, Aaron, 40, 43, 44 n., 76, 387 Holland, Lord (Henry Richard Fox), 336 n. Harari, David, 23-4, 26, 38-9, 41, 43-4, Holocaust, 428 56, 74, 76, 86-7, 177, 184, 387 Holst, (Johann) Ludolf, 283 Harari, Isaac, 24, 43, 178, 387 Holy Land. See Palestine Harari, Joseph, 41, 345 Host, desecration of, 142 Harari, Lulu, 180 Hsia, R. Po-chia, 29, 260 Hararis (family), 23, 26, 35, 44-5, 66, 75, Hugh of Lincoln, 144 150,387 Hume, Joseph, 196 Haring, Georg Wilhelm A., 412, 415 Hungary, 138, 251, 439 Hartley, David, 287 Hyamson, Albert M., 167, 427, 429 Hartmann, Anton Theodor, 260 Haskalah (the Hebrew enlightenment)/ Ibn Verga, Shlomo, 258, 272 maskilim, 294 Ibrahim Pasha, 19,60,64,75,87,91, 101, on affair, 409-11 154,301,333,336,376,386,389 Hauran, 19, 350 Idealism (philosophical), 248, 318, 324, 425 Havana, 55 Innocent IV (pope), 186, 238 Hebron, 169 intelligentsia, Jewish, 432 Hegel/Hegelianism, 242, 260, 279, 413, 436 in France, 247-9 Heine, Heinrich, 8, 56, 118, 234-6, 243, in Gennan confederation, 240-7, 252-5, 327 316-27,402-4,414-15, 425-7, 432

Index

Ireland, 78 Khvolson, Daniil Avraamovich, 424 Isambert, Fran<;ois, 187-9 Kiev, Beilis trial in, 4, 416, 423 Islam, 113, 276 Kilbee, E., 66, 75, 84, 105, 109, 116, 201, Israel, Jacob, 69, 71-2, 156 n. 299 Israelit des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, 240-1, Kingston, Jamaica, 227 247,254 Kirchner, Paul Christian, 269 Israelitische Annalen, 242-3, 246, 296, 327 Kishinev, pogrom in, 5 Istanbul. See Constantinople Kobler, Franz, 428 Italy/the Italian states, 139, 186 "Kol Nidrei," 267, 274 n., 319 Jewish community of, 6-7, 238-9 Kolb, c., Monsignor de, 379 Iwaniska, reputed ritual murder in, 208, 213 Kiinigsmark, Hans Karl Albert, Count von, 67, 159 Jehovah, 280,314,412 Konitz, reputed ritual murder in, 422-3, 442 Jerusalem, 81, 212, 286, 291, 293, 304, Konstanz, 313-15 340, 391, 398 Koran, 180 establishment of bishopric in, 289-90, Kressel, Getzel, 428 391-2 kurbash, 39, 58, 60 Jewish community of, 62, 67, 82-3, 127, Kursheedt, Israel Baer, 226 169, 256, 294, 298 Kutahya, peace agreement of, 19 attitude toward the London Society, Kutaisi (ritual-murder trial in), 424 82-3, 166, 212 reputed ritual murder in, 54 Laborde, Alexandre-Louis-Joseph de, See, too, London Society; Pieritz; Young 187-9, 253 Jesuits, 418 Ladino,31 Jesus Christ, 29, 49, 187,209,219,261, Laffarge, Marie, 363-4 278,280,285-6,295-6,413,443 Lamartine, Alphonse de, 58, 59 n., 187-8, crucifixion ofldeicide, 58, 75, 277, 367 253, 301 Jewish Chronicle, 316, 405 Lambert, Lion-Mayer, 237 n. Jewish Intelligence, 212, 289, 294, 296, 322, Lambruschini, Luigi, Cardinal, 229-30, 394 379,381 "Jewish Question," the, 437, 444-5 Landau, Jacob, 54 Jick, Leon, 233 Langmuir, Gavin, 442 Jochmus, August, Baron von, 394 Lassalle, Ferdinand, 323 n. Jordan (Kingdom of), 18 Latakieh, 66, 269 Joseph II (emperor)/Josephinism, 120 Laurella, Pierre (Peter), 50, 53, 66, 75, 105, Joseph, Father (Maronite), 25 109, 116, 201 Jost, Isaac Marcus, 242-3, 244-6, 249, Laurent, Achille, 416, 418, 420, 423-5 254, 257, 294, 296, 327, 403-4, 409- Laurin, Anton von, 97,118, 176,229 11,415,424,426,436,439 accusations against, 159, 173, 202-3, 388 Journal des Debats, 74, 77, 110, 114-16, life/character of, 101, 105,202-3,388 136, 157, 197,205-6,316,354-65, motivations of, 104-5 367 praise for, 373, 375 Journal de Flandres, 77 reactions to the affair, 81, 101,429 Journal de Smyrne, 73, 157, 228 activism of, 101-4, 152, 160, 165, 167-9, 175, 182,205,215,346, Kali (Indian goddess), 265 349, 358-9, 385 Kalimati, Elias, 70 appeals to Muhammed Ali, 102-3, Kalischer, Zvi Hirsch, 311-12 120, 150-1, 154, 164, 167-8, Kalish,296 173-4,215,331,336,341 Kalte, Baron von, 416 conflict with Cochelet, 102, 164, Karaites, 260, 371, 372 172-4,331,353 Katz, Jacob, 2, 312, 428 and Mettemich, 87, 119, 122, 150, Katznelenbogen, Zvi Hirsh, 34 168, 174 Kavass/kavasses, 18, 179 and the Rothschilds, 102-3, 117, Khan Asad Pasha, the, 139 122-3, 145, 148,201 Kharkov, 417 See, too, Austria; Merlato; Mettemich

Index

Lazarist/Lazarist order, 50, 53, 337, 389 mission to Damascus by Pieritz, 82-3, Lebanon (Mount Lebanon), 18-19,31,50, 148-9 57,62, 151, 164, 183,230,301, "Restoration of the Jews" and, 288-91, 336-7,348,350,357,359,376,378, 295,303 381,391,393 activity in Jerusalem, 81-3, 212, 289- Lee, J. Theopholus, 305 90, 391-2 Leeser, Isaac, 225-6 See, too, Ashley; Evangelicals; Jewish Intel Leghorn (Livorno), 89 ligence; McCaul; millennialism; Jewish community of, 239, 255 Nicolayson; Pieritz Lehren, Hirsch, 66-7, 75, 93 n., 120, 123, Lords, House of, 129, 186, 253 207, 239, 397 Loria, Isaac, 165, 175, 182-3, 360-1, 415, charitable work, 81, 85, 105 438 response to affair, 80-1, 84, 109-10, 256, mission with Ventura, 175-6, 181-3 397 Lostanges, Countess de, 55 Leipzig, 147,201,241-2,271,281-2 Louis XIV (of France), 20 Jewish community of, 110, 141, 274 Louis XVIII (of France), 189 University of, 241 Louis-Philippe (king of France), 17, 115, theological faculty of, 246 134, 335, 363, 368, 381, 390 Leipziger Allgemeine Zeitung, 74, 86, 140-1, Low, Leopold, 246 n. 147, 200, 205, 259-60, 266, 271, Lowenstein, Lipmann Hirsch, 275-8, 282, 273-6,281-2,316,439,441 402-4,415,424-5,436,439 I,emlein, Asher, 296 Lowy, Albert, 317, 429 Leniado, Esther, 41, 56, 180 Liibeck, 7 Leniado, Joseph, 23, 41, 179-80 Lublin, 296 Levant, 67, 128, 230 Lucca, 139 Levinsohn, Isaac Ber (Efes DamimIDammim), Luther, Martin, 258, 431 n. 140,251 n., 264, 405-6 Lutheran Church, 260, 280 Levy, Joseph, 238 Liitzow, R., 229-30 Lieven, Dorothy (Daria Khristofornovna), Lvov,410 Princess, 318 n. Lilienblum, Moshe Lev, 2 Macao, 55 Lisbona, Shahade, 35-6 McCaul, Alexander, 261, 264-5, 268, Lithuania, 268. See, too, Poland 288-9,307,319,392,443 Liutostanskii, Ippolit Iosifovich, 424 Macfarlane, Alan, 437 Liverpool, 224, 227, 295 Madden, John, 338-40, 355, 359 Livorno. See Leghorn Madfis, Israel, 165 lobbying (for self-defense), 119-39, 254 Magdeburg, 252 Loewe, Louis, 264, 297, 332, 337, 339- Jewish community of, 241-2 41, 346, 352, 355, 359, 375, 377-8, Magdeburgische Zeitung, 140 n., 242 381-2 Mahsud, Georgios, 91, 94 Lograsso, Amantia, Dr., 51 n. Maimonides, 273, 276-7 London, 74, 80-1, 118, 120, 124, 128, 180, Mainz,372 196,217,223-5,253,268,300,308, Malta, 228, 379 325, 383 Malta Times, 73, 228 Jewish community of, 209, 216-17, 219, Manchester, 224-5, 227, 253 221,227,236,245,264,317,382-4, Manchester Guardian, 144 397 Mannheimer, Isak Noa, 374, 407 London Society for Promoting Christianity Mansion House, meeting at, 222-4, 226, Amongst the Jews, the (the London 253, 331 Society), 212, 319, 391-2 Ma'oz, Moshe, 54 millennialist beliefs and, 288, 299, 303 Marash, 64, 87 mission work, 81-2, 196,268,288-9 Maria Theresa, Queen, 9 and Palmerston, 131,290-1 Marmora, reputed ritual murder in, 404 response to the affair by, 81, 253 Maronites, 19,52-3,62,151,301,336-7, attacks on the blood accusation, 82-3, 364,391 212,261,443 Marr, Wilhelm, 3

Index

Marseilles, 89, 139, 203, 261 Messager, 136, 206 Jewish community/consistory of, 236, Messiah, son of David, 408 255,270 Messiah, son of Joseph, 408 Marsh, William Filson, 299, 319-20 messianism, Jewish, 287-8, 304, 429, Marx, Karl, 413-14 444-5 Masaryk, Thomas, 442 of Alkalai, 296, 311-12, 408-9, 428-9 Maskilim, 34, 140,409. See, too, Haskalah in 1840, 12-13,294-6,299,427 Massari, F., Dr., 20, 51 n. and the affair, 298-9 Masse, E., 70 kabbalistic, 296 Mayer, Edward, Dr., 283 proto-Zionism and, 296-8 Maximus (Massimo), Patriarch, 53 Shabetai Zvi, 286, 296 Maxmillian I (emperor), 252 See, too, Alkalai; "TaR" "May laws" of 1882,3 Metternich, Richard Clemens, Prince von, Medem, Aleksandr Ivanovich, Count, 169- 138, 159, 229, 375 70, 172 foreign policy of, 123, 336, 363, 391 meetings (Public/protest), 124-6, 216-27, reactions to affair, 119, 134, 162, 185, 233,236 190,249 n. "megillah" I"megillot" (regarding affair), and Laurin, 120, 122-3, 150, 168, 407, 409 173-4, 201, 353, 373 Meir, Rabbi, 275 rejection of blood accusation, 120, Meiri (Hameiri), Menahem, 270, 276 121-2 Melbourne, Lord (William Lamb), 129, and Salomon Rothschild, 119-20, 123, 146, 186,253,291 n., 336 n. 128, 169 Meldola, David, 221, 266-7, 319 See, too, Austria; Laurin; Rothschild, S. Meloizes, Maxime Renaud d'Avene, Count Metz, Jewish community of, 236-7, 247 des, 63, 337, 360, 364 Mevorah, Baruch, 404-5 character of, 173-4, 176 Michaud, Joseph, 117 mission, 135-6, 138, 153, 173-4, 176- Midi, the, 205, 237 82, 201-2,356 millennialism, Christian, 12, 304, 427-8, interrogations by, 177-81 443-4 report, 41, 95,149,171,176-7,181, in England, 285-95, 300 197,344,388-9 in North America, 214, 285, 328 minutes of, 178-81 and Palmerston, 290, 300-1, 311 Menachem Mendel of Kotsk, 296 and prophecy, 285-6, 290, 299-300, Mendelssohn, Moses, 113, 221, 258, 266, 302-3, 305 305, 427 and "Restoration of the Jews," 286-8, Merlato, Caspar (Giovanni), 57, 87, 89, 299-302,312,314,317-20,391-4, 118, 149, 180,411 426-7 attacks on Ratti-Menton, 153 See, too, Ashley; Churchill; Evangelicals; defense of the Jews by, 95-9, 102, 117, London Society; "Restoration of the ISS, 160, 182-3, 360 Jews" life of, 95, 98 Miller, William, 328 praise for, 104, ISS, 361, 375, 403-4, millet system (Ottoman system of communal 407,411 government), 32 reactions to the affair missionaries, English, 67, 81-2, 126, 253, initial, 25,53-4,66, 89-90, 101, 105, 288,299,318-19,443. See, too, Lon 117, 153,201,388,429 don Society later (after March 8), 91, 93, 96-7, 102 Mizrachi, David, 70-2 reasons for change, 94-5 Mohr, (Avraham) Menahem Mendel, 410 reports of, 117-18, 122-3, 136, 145-6, Moldavia, 10, 100,439 ISO, ISS, 165, 173, 179,201,229, Mole, Louis, Count, 100, 189, 198,364 360, 365, 411 Moloch, 280, 412-14 threats to, 97-8, 152, 202 Moniteur Universel, 135-6, 269 See, too, Austria; Laurin; Metternich; Pic Montalembert, Charles Forbes, Count de, ciotto,I. 192

Index

Montefiore, Judith, 339, 353-4 halts torture, 150-1, 164 Montefiore, Louisa, 84 relations with Sherif Pasha, 60, 64, Montefiore, Moses, Sir, 31, 42-3, 126, 87-8,98, 151,208, 349, 386 214,298-9,348,359,372,385,397-8 appeals to, 165-8, 173-4, 179,215,298, connections with 331,347,349,355,410 Board of Deputies, 124,217,341, character of, 164, 335 382-3,395-6,434 and Christian/Jewish populations, 62-3, millennialists, 296-8, 305, 308-9, 312, 164,175,337,360,386 395-6,444 and Cremieux-Montefiore mission, 217, Rothschilds,84, 156,216-17,221, 296-7,332-3,341,346,352-3, 339,376-7,379-82,385 359-60, 365-6 later missions, 434 and foreign diplomats, 102-3, 122, 150, life/character of, 216-17,339-40,358, 154, 160-1, 164, 168, 174, 184, 409,434 n. 336,344-5,349,350-2,390-1 mission with Cremieux foreign policy of, 61-2, 164, 194,284, in Constantinople/Rome, 375-82, 397 333-5,344,350-3,357,390-1 criticism of, 378-9, 428 and France, 19,61-2, 78, 100, 132, 136, in Egypt, 62, 343, 346, 352-3, 358 164, 171-2, 194, 301, 333-6, praise of, 225, 360, 382-4, 394, 344-5,350-2,354,361,390-1 397-8,434 and Palmerston, 126, 128-31,301,312, preparations for, 214-15, 217, 222-3, 333 331-2,339-40 and the press, 73, 114 Sultan's firman and, 376-8, 389, 395, rule in Syria, 10-11, 18,31,80, 194, 397,433 290,294,385 and philanthropy/land purchases (Pal See, too, Cremieux-Montefiore mission; estine), 296-7, 309, 312, 316, Damascus affair; Egypt; France; 320-2,372,396,444 Ottoman Empire; Palmerston; Sherif status in Anglo-Jewry, 217, 221, 320, Pasha; Syria; Thiers 398 Muhammed Effendi, 47. See, too, Moses See, too, Board of Deputies; Cremieux- Abu el-Afieh Montefiore mission; Rothschilds Miinchner Politische Zeitung, 77 Moravia, 317 Munich, 140,243,252 Mordechai, 407 Munk, Salomon, 234, 247-9, 254-5, 337, Morea, 100 346,352,355,359,371-2,375,428 Morgenstern, Arye, 256 n., 297, 429 Munster, 418 Mormonism, 328 Murpargo (family), 438 Morning Herald (London), 144, 146 myths/mythologizing (regarding affair), Morning Herald (New York), 213 401-2 Morning Post, 143-6,207 anti-Jewish/Semitic, 412-15, 417-24, Morpurgo, Isaac, 354 430-1 Mortara, Edgardo, 5 Jewish, 406-11, 434 Mortara case, 4-5 Moscow, 3 Nablus region, 19, 350 Moses (biblical), 211, 263, 270, 280, 314, Namier, Louis, 444 407 Nancy, Jewish community/consistory of, 236 Mounier, Claude-Edouard-Philippe, Baron, Napier, Charles, 348 189, 196 Naples (the Kingdom of the Two Sicijies), Muhammed Ali (pasha Muhammed Ali), 17,80,89, 101, 105, 119, 158, 168, 34, 42, 145, 158, 165, 234, 298, 303, 170,203,349,378-9 360, 371, 426 Napoleon Bonaparte/Bonapartist, 8, 19, 34, and the affair, 80-1, 102-4 100, 189, 204, 235, 287, 293, 354, and the blood accusation, 101, 165-6, 402, 440 174,357,365-7 Egyptian legacy of, 62, 78, 164,335, 345 evasiveness of, 98, 156, 165, 171, 173, Thiers' government, connections to, 100, 175-6, 183, 375 193, 345

Index

Nasrallah, Yusuf Hanna, 416 n. Qsiander, Andreas, 265 National (Paris), 77 Osterreicher, Wilhelm, 321-2 nationalism, proto- (Jewish), 241, 244-5, Ottoman Empire/Turkey, 10, 62, 69, 126, 312-28, 414, 425-6, 444. See, too, 128-9,130,284,288,301,312-14 Zionism, proto- capitulary agreements, 18, 20 Navon, Raphael, 83 conflict with Egypt, 19,32,61, 194,307, Nazareth, 391 344, 348, 350-2 Nazi regime, 430-1, 442 n. foreign policy of, 126, 128,301,376-7 Neander, August, 268 nationalist movements against, 225, 314- Neckar valley, anonymous correspondent 15,404 from, 315-16 policy regarding Jews, 31-2,54,376-7 Negib Effendi, 365 n. status of minorities, 10, 65, 156, 163, Neophytos (Noah Belfer)/Romanian monk, 295, 393 208-9, 259, 264 n. See, too, Porte; Syria, war [1840) in Nesselrode, Karl-Robert (Vasilevich), Oven, Barnard Van, 124,215,220-2,233, Count, 224, 391 259,267-8 New York, 213, 224-5, 322, 327, 407 Jewish community of, 226, 233 Pale of Settlement, 251, 409 New York American, 213 Palermo, 17, 55, 174, 388 Newton, Isaac, 287 Palestine, 18,47,287,291,293,302,316, Nezib, the battle of, 19, 333, 335, 385 350 Nicholas I (of Russia), 6,139-40,251,391, Jewish community in, 105, 291-2, 294, 409,424,434,440 326 Nicolayson, John, 67, 81-3, 166, 289-90, Jewish "proto-Zionists" /messianists and, 298 311-28 Nimes, Jewish community of, 255 "restorationist" initiatives regarding, 197, Noah, Mordechai Manuel, 213-14, 225-6, 288, 296-8, 300-1, 303-10, 392-7, 327-8 435 Noahide laws, 271, 276 Palmerston, Lord (Henry John Temple), Noel, 8., 223 125, 151, 166, 172, 194-5,207,340, Nonconformists/Dissenters, 8, 144, 211, 376, 389 286 connections with millennialists, 291, 306, North Africa, 10 311,427 Norway, 169 with Ashley, 291-2, 294, 303, 305-6, Nuremberg, 7, 252 310 school of biblical studies in, 280, 412-13 with the London Society, 131,290-1 and "Restoration of the Jews," 291, oaths 294,300-2,305-7,310-11, against blood accusations, 113, 266-7 391-3 more Judaico, 111-12 and Cremieux-Montefiore mission, 332, Oberdorf bei Bopfingen (anonymous author 342 in),407-8 toward Muhammed Ali/Egypt, 126, 128- O'Connell, Daniel, 196,219-20,223-4 9, 131-2, 161, 183, 195-6, 284, Oeste"eichischer Beobachter, 77, 137-8, 140, 333-4, 348, 350, 353 145, 241 toward the Ottomans, 126-7,300-1, Oliver, William H., 290 310, 312, 391, 393 Opera Pia della Propagazione della Fide, and protection of Ottoman/Palestinian 116 Jews, 126-7, 291-2, 307, 332, 389, Orient, 241, 247, 249, 254-5, 312-13, 393-4 315-20,322,324-5,327,379,383-4, foreign policy of, 126, 129, 133, 146, 426-7 284, 303, 332-3, 336, 441 Orthodox Church. See Greek Orthodox, rebuke of consuls, 128, 130, 162, 167, Russian Orthodox 183, 190, 387 Orthodox Jews/Judaism, 255-6, 274, reception of delegations, 126, 128, 138, 280-1,397,402,407. See, too, Lehren 245,331-2,342

Index

and "ritual murder," 126, 128, 134, 162, defense of, 91, 93-5, 97-8, 177, 207, 206 346,358,375,385 See, too, Ashley; Great Britain; London family of, 89 Society; millennialism, Christian; Picciotto, Moses de, 80-1, 93 n., 397 Syria Picciotto, Rebecca, 90, 93, 361 papacy, the, 192-3,203-4,287,418 Picciottos (family), 104, 438, 440 and clandestine infant baptism, 4-5, Piedmont-Sardinia/Kingdom of Sardinia, 192-3 139, 186 and the press, 77, 139, 229 Jewish community of, 238, 243 and ritual murder press in, 78, 269 contemporary attitudes (1840), 78, 116, Pieritz, George Wildon, 40, 43, 57, 82, 91, 186, 228-9, 269, 379-81 153, 155, 166, 183, 202-3, 253, 290, medieval, 186, 229, 238, 257, 268-9, 388 379 book on the affair, 166-7,205,208,222, See, too, blood accusation; Catholic Church; 264,443 Church Fathers mission to Damascus, 82-3, 148-9,268 Parfitt, Tudor, 99 n., 177, 429 See, too, London Society; Nicolayson Paris, Matthew, 144 Pinsker, Lev, 2 Paris, 56, 118, 440 Pisani, Frederick, 161, 376, 393 capital! government in, 17, 25, 30, 153, Plymouth, 227 192-3, 216, 220-1,334-6,344, Podolia, reputed ritual murder in, 251 381,440 pogroms, 2-3 consistory of, 112, 237 Poland (also Polish-Lithuanian state), 244, disputation (1240) in, 257, 274, 276 249,288-9,296,368,404,409 Jewish community in, 8, 80-1, 84, 105, Polna, reputed ritual murder in, 4, 423, 112, 119-20, 194, 227, 234, 236, 442,443 n. 243,281,287,339 Ponsonby, John, Lord, 53, 128, 161, 183, press in, 74, 112, 200, 348 30~ 31~ 33~ 33~ 35~ 35~ 37~ Passover/Pesach, 150,208,241,248-9, 390, 393 251 Rhodes affair and, 161-3,389 accusations about, 112, 114, 138, 266, Pontois, Edouard, Count de, 102, 160-2, 416,420 164, 390 n. alleged use of blood in, 28, 30, 68, 74, population, Jewish, 6, 8, 32, 294 76, 100, 136, 152, 249-50, 264, Beirut, 67 272,416 Constantinople, 68-9 defense of, 113, 121-2,210,248-9, Damascus, 32 266 European states, 6, 8 history of, 248-9 Smyrna, 68 See, too, blood accusation; Damascus af United States, 8 fair Porte, the (the seat of Ottoman govern Paulus, Heinrich Eberhard, 260, 283 ment), 17, 19,96,101-2,128,131, Peel, Robert, Sir, 194-5,206,219,222, 156, 160, 194,226,304,312,318, 253 333, 344, 393-4 Pereire, Emile, 237 Portofoglio, 228 Pesach. See Passover Portsea, 224 Pesaro, Jewish community of, 239 Portsmouth, 227 Pfefferkorn, Johannes, 268 Portugal, 100 Philadelphia, 224-5, 227-8 "Pour forth thy wrath" / shfokh 4amatkha, Philippson, Ludwig, 241-2, 244-5, 253, 248,319 255, 325, 327, 373 Posen, 7, 268, 384 Philippson, Martin, 257 Posener (Pozner), Solomon V1adimirovich, Picciotto, Elias de, 89, 90-1, 95, 118 113 Picciotto, Isaac d'Ezdra de, 26-7, 36-7, 40, Powell, Charles Samuel, 305 88-9, 90, 96, 101, 104-5, 123, 153, Prague, 9, 316, 374 155, 160, 168 Prawer, Siegbert Salomon, 236

Index

press, the, 9, 72-9, 104, 109, 165, 185, extracts from, 28, 43, 415, 417-24 259, 362-4 the Talmud in, 48, 416, 422 American, 197, 212-14, 226, 438 used by anti-Je~sh/Semitic writers Austrian/Hungarian, l37-9, 196-7 published by Laurent, 415-16 Belgian, 78, 197,200 translations of, 172,416-17,424 Dutch, 77, 438 See, too, blood accusation; historiography; English, 72-8, 129, 143-7, 197,206-12, Laurent; myth; Ratti-Menton; Tal 262-4,266-7,282,300-7,319, mud 365,369-70,438-9 Prussia, 7, 89, 104, 129, 140, 159, 161, French, 109-19, 172, 197-200,206, 164, 169, 172, 253, 265, 284 241-2 Puerto Rico, 57, 115 conservative, 78, 115, 199, 364-5 Purim, 264, 282, 382, 407, 420, 430-1 governmental! ministerial!liberal, 112, 115, 134-6, 141, 147, 197,201, Quai d'Orsay, 177 366,368-9 Quarterly Review, 293-4 reaction to Cremieux, 113-18 Quotidienne, 77-8, 86,114,116-17,144, republican, 77 154, 199-200,205,301,366 Ultramontane/legitimist, 78, 112, 116- 18, 139 n., 197-9,201-5,262-3, race/ racial disparities, 313 269,301,331,366-9,418,438-9 Rader, Matthiius, 258 German, 73, 78, 109, 140-3, 147, 172, Ramele Market, 37 196-7,200,206,241-2,271-4, Raphall, Morris)., 267, 317 298,316,366,433,439 Ras en-Naqura, 284 Italian, 77-8, 138-9, 228, 238-9, 269, Rashi,273 418,420 Ratti-Menton, Benoit Ulysse-Laurent Je~sh, 6, 233, 239-55, 347, 404-5 Franllois, Count de, 36, 70-1, 102, divisions ~thin, 240-1 134, 149, 150 n., 176-7, 191, 194, French, 243-4 , 374 411,430 German, 77, 138, 140-3, 196-7, attacks on, 118, 125, 135, 142, 153-4, 240-3, 252-5, 259, 271-4, 313- 160, 170, 180-2,205-6,278,315, 16, 325-7, 373, 379 343,346-7,360-1,365,375,382, operating methods/ subsidies/ censorship, 390,404,406-8,411,426 72-3, 114, 118, l37, 200-1, 206-7, defense of, 87, 176-7,181, 187, 189-90, 228, 269 192, 194, 198-200,202,208,336-7, Rothschild's/Cremieux's use of, 104, 369, 390 109, 116, 122, 205, 364 and interrogations/torture, 46, 56, 63, 94, Russian, 73, 139-40 96-7, 125, 152-3 Swedish, 77 n., 438 investigating the affair, 20, 23, 37, 95, Thiers' /Ratti-Menton's use of, 78, 109, 430 115-17, 134-5,201-3,364,368-9 initial conclusions, 24, 27 See, too, individual newspapers letters to Soult/Thiers, 17, 20, 22, Presse, 74, 77, 114-15 24-6, 37-8, 60, 76, 87, 99, 136, Priestley, Joseph, 287 153,202 Propaganda Fide (Sacra Congregazione de against Merlato, 96-7, 99, 153,201, Propaganda Fide), 53 n., 229-30 388 Protestant, 200, 243, 278, 314, 391-2, 422 motivations in, 50-6,58,62 states, 78, 293-4,302 questioning the suspects, 38, 41, 56, theologians/ theological traditions, 141-2, 88,90,93,97,153,173,179,183 257-8, 285, 423 n., 439 life of, 17,55,105,174,390,416 See, too, Anglicans; Lutherans; millennial mission in Syria, 18-19,57,60-1,202, ism; missionaries; Nonconformists 337, 389 protocols of the interrogations 25, 27, 41, personal conduct/character of, 55-6, 99, 153, 172-3, 177,211,298,356-7, 115, 203 388,415,425 defensive behavior, 148-52, 181,360-1 criticism of, ISO testimonials sought by, 55, 152-3

Index

and the press, 79 Rose, George, Sir, 131 control of the news reports, 74, 78, Rosenberg, Alfred, 419 117,364 Rosenfeldt, S. W., 247, 261 defensive articles by, 197,201-2,388 Rothschild, Adelheid, 119 and Talmud/rabbinical Judaism, 47, 67, Rothschild, Amschel Mayer, 312, 373 142, 270, 272, 416-18 Rothschild, Anselm Salomon, 132, 216, See, too, Cochelet; Damascus; Damascus 227, 238, 332, 339, 374 affair; France; Merlato; Thiers; Rothschild, Anthony, 84, 132,217 Thomas, Father Rothschild, Betty de, 119, 234, 236, 433 rayah (a subject of the Ottoman Empire), Rothschild, Gustave, Baron de, 434 n. 96, 98 n., 159 n., 167 n. Rothschild, James, Baron de, 84, 102-4, reform of Judaism, 240, 288-9, 308, 397 191,205,229,234,243,365,390 polemics about, 247-9, 280-1 attacks upon, 141, 198-200,204,367-9 radical, 247, 280-2 and Cremieux/press, 85,112, 116-17, Reinarch, Solomon, 430 n. 122, 237, 266, 432-3 Reshid Pasha, 162-3,307,312,376,393 and Metternich/Laurin, 102-5, 122-3, "Restoration of the Jews" / restorationism, 148, 165, 168 207,214,223,284-310,317-18,325, role in European Jewry, 85, 236, 432 327 n., 328, 391, 426, 427-8, 437-8, and Thiers, 132-3, 135-6, 191 445 Rothschild, Karl Mayer, Baron von, 105, historical and religious roots of, 284-8, 168, 173-4,228-9,379,381,385 293 Rothschild, Lionel, 124, 126,215-17,373 See, too, millennialism Rothschild, Nathan Mayer, 217 Reziza, reputed ritual murder in, 251 Rothschild, Nathaniel, 215-16, 219, 221, Rhine (provinces), 194, 439 227, 339 Rhodes, 10, 125, 128 Rothschild, Salomon Mayer, Baron von, Christian community of, 69-70, 157-8 119-20, 122, 128, 132, 135, 168-9, belief in the blood accusation, 70 174,215,230,234 consular community of, 69, 70-2, 122, Rothschilds (family), 146,207,221-2,233, 128, 146, 157-9, 161,404, 437-8 306 Jewish community of, 67-8, 80, 115, 124, banking house/role of, 8, 105, 111, 115, 145, 208, 226 119-20, 132, 156, 161,343,367, persecution of, 70-2, 157-8, 389 368-9, 376-7 reputed ritual murder in, 68-70, 76, 119, influence (myth/realities) of, 85, 215, 122, 156, 190, 195,365,377,385 229,367,379,381,408-9,429,435 consular involvement in, 70-2, 157, intelVention appealed for, 80, 84-5, 102-4, 161, 437 116, 124, 168-9, 175 influence of Damascus affair upon, 71 and Metternich/Laurin, 119-20, 123-4, interrogation/torture, 70, 72, 323 n. 173-4 and Sultan's firman/government, 80, and Montefiore/ mission, 217, 221-2, 128, 162-3, 377, 438 227-8, 312, 338-9, 381, 435, 444 See, too, Wilkinson; Yusuf Pasha and papacy, 229, 379 Riesser, Gabriel, 6, 247, 274 and press, 85, 104, 112, 122 Rifaat Bey, 161, 344, 350, 352 and Thiers, 132-3, 215 Ripon, Bishop of, 131, 299 See, too, individual family members "ritual murder." See blood accusation Rottier, A., 161 Rivarola, Agostino, Cardinal, 381-2, 397 Russell, John, Lord, 196 Rohling, August, 419, 422 Russia/tsarist empire, 57, 89, 169, 172, Romania, 3, 418, 423, 434 284, 333, 336 romanticism, 391, 402, 436, 440, 442. See, cantonist policy of, 4 too, Crusades; Napoleon; nationalism foreign policy of, 19, 129, 164,224,391 Rome, 77, 139, 192,229,239,380-1,418 Jewish community in, 6, 250-1, 255, 295, Jewish community of, 229, 238 309, 409, 433-4 See, too, Catholic Church; papacy pogroms/laws, 3-6, 423-4, 440 Romilly, Worms de, 227, 234, 236 and "ritual murder," 4, 9, 140, 423-4

Index

the press of, 77, 139 after April, 99-100, 150, 155, 164, See, too, Nicholas I 173, 176, 183 Russian Orthodox Church, 424 motivations, 60-4, 75 and Muhammed Ali, 42, 59-60, 151, Saale, the scholar from the, 272-7, 283 208,347,349,386,426 Sabbath, 49, 263 See, too, Damascus; Damascus affair; Safed, Jewish community of, 82, 169, 291, Egypt; Muhammed Ali; Ratti 309 Menton St. Petersburg, 77, 423, 440 shtadlanlshtadlanut ("intercession" /ism), Salina, Francis (Francesco), 46, 57-8, 91, 120,436 99,426 Siberia, 140,201 Salomons, David, 124, 126, 219-21, 233 Siecle, 77, 114-15 Salonica, 273, 275 Silberner, Edmund, 323-4 Salonicli, Moses, 23, 41, 44-5, 72, 76 Silesia, Upper, Jewish community of, 249- Salonicli, Sarah, 180 50,255 Salvador, Joseph, 141,278,414 Simon of Trent, St., 204, 252, 269-70, Samuel, George, 156, 161-2, 377 416,420 Sanhedrin, 287 Sina (banking house), 120 Saratov, reputed ritual murder in, 424, Skoptsy, 265 n. 443 n. Slovenia, 101 Sardinia (including Piedmont), 20, 25, 139, Smith, ]. Abel, 223 170, 186,269,416 Smyrna (Izmir), 69, 74, 77, 84, 158, 385 Sarna, Jonathan, 327 consul (English) in, 131 Sasun, Mr., 104, 155 Jewish community of, 67-8, 83 Savannah, 224 rabbi of, denies blood accusation, 83-4, Saverne, 112 101, 110, 138,243, 261, 279, 404 Saxe-Weimar, 267 Soelen, Verstolk, Baron Van, 84 Saxony, 73-4, 140, 265 Sokolow, Nahum, 427 Scala, Salvatore, 238-9 Sola, David de, 384 Scaramanga, E., 158 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 43 Scholem, Gershom, 286 n. Sonnenfels, Aloysius von, 246, 258 Schonerer, Georg von, 3 Soult, Nicolas, Marshal (Duke of Dalmatia), Schubert, Gotthilf Heinrich von, 252-3 17-18, 20, 26, 38, 76, 99-100, 335 Schutz, P. A., 170 Spain, 169, 197 Schwetz, reputed ritual murder in, 205 Spanish Town, 224 Scott, Walter, 235 Staats und Gelehrten Zeitung, 140 Scottish Church. See Church of Scotland Stalinist show-trials, 38 Sebag, Montefiore, Joseph, Sir, 340 n. Stamboli, Eliakim, 70, 145, 157, 162-3 Segura, Pinchas, Rabbi de, 83-4, 243, 404. Stambuli, Aaron, 26-8, 35, 44, 52, 359 See, too, Smyrna Standard, 146 Seixas, Theodore]., 226 Stanhope, Hester, Lady, 58 Semaphore de Marseille, 73-7, 110, 144 Steinschneider, Moritz, 316, 429 Serbs, 314 Stephens, George, 211, 369 Sereni, Enzo, 238 Stevenson, Andrew, 226 n. Shabetai Zvi, 286, 296 Stocker, Adolf, 3, 422 Shaftesbury, Lord, 291 Stop ford, Robert, 348 Sheerit Yisrael, 410, 411 Stowell, Hugh, Rev., 299 shema, the, 80, 411 Strauss, David Friedrich, 279 Sherif Pasha, 21, 35, 59, 71, 79, 89, 95-6, Streckfuss, Adolph Friedrich, 283 98, 100, 130, 149, 178, 201, 343, Stuarts, the, 286 360-1,408 Stiirmer, Bartolomaus, Baron von, 101-2, involvement in interrogations, 23, 27-8, 105, 119, 159-60, 168 36-7,88,90,93-4,97, 181 Stiirmer, 430-1 initial, 37, 42, 47-8, 50-1, 53, 60, 63, Sud, 73, 76-7, 203, 241 87,270-1,276 Suez Canal, 32

Index

Suleiman I (sultan), 188 See, too, Abu el-Afieh, M.; blood accusa Suleiman II (sultan), 359, 365, 376 tion; Ferraris, Lucius; Saale, scholar Suleiman Pasha, 33-4 from the Sultan, the. See Abdul Majid "TaR" (5600 in Jewish calendarIl839-40), Sun, 144, 151,207 4,294-5,304,312,325,403,408,428 Siirgiiny, 77 Tarnow, reputed ritual murder in, 205, 208, Sweden, 70, 89, 157-8, 169 213,249-50 Switzerland, 313-15 "Tatar" express, 17 Syria, 120, 126, 241, 245, 304-5, 326, 328, Temps, 77, 115, 135 . 336, 343, 395 Terquem, Orly. See Tsarphati Egyptian administration of, 10, 19, 31, 34, Territorialists, 435 60,62,87, 194,302,333,378,385 Theobald of Cambridge, 265 n. expulsion of the Jews from, 252 Theodores, Tobias, 263, 267, 405 international significance of, 65, 72, 284, Thiers, (Louis-)Adolphe, 17, 37, 126, 153, 300-1, 313, 332 202, 209, 219, 253, 342, 353, 356, 439 religious/ ethnic groups in, 32, 62, 67, 75, biography of, 17, 110, 132, 194,440 113, 126, 151,337 clerical policy of, 191-3 strategic significance to France, 17-19, connections with Rothschilds/ Cremieux, 57, 62, 337, 357, 363, 440 132, 136,331 uprisings in, 62, 100, 165, 301 foreign policy of, 133, 193-4, 333-6, of 1840, 151, 183,337,338 n., 350, 362-3 358, 362, 364 toward Egypt/Syria, 194,335-6, war (1840) in, 347-8, 357-9, 362, 368, 344-5,350,440-1 375-6, 385-6, 393, 437 government of! the government of See, too, Damascus; Damascus affair; 1 March, 115, 190,362-4,381-2, France; Sherif Pasha; Ottoman Em 390 pire; Palmerston and parliamentary debates, 187-90, Szajkowski, Zosa, 429-30 197,199,208,214,246,426 reactions to the affair, 132-7, 187-94, Tablet, 212-13 402-3, 440-1 Talas, Mustafa, 418 and blood accusation, 136, 174, 191, Talleyrand, Charles Maurice, Prince de, 194,214 403 and Ratti-Menton/des Meloizes, 37-8, Talmud, the, 294, 298, 408 134-6,153,176-7,181,202, Abraham Geiger and, 274-5, 281 204, 215, 343, 440-1 characterizations of Gentiles in, 270-1 See, too, Cochelet; Damascus affair; pejorative, 47, 49-50, 204, 257, 271, France; Muhammed Ali; press; 273-4 Ratti-Menton positive, 275-6 Thomas, Father (Padre Tommaso da Cal defense of, 274-8, 433 angiano/ dalla Sardegna), 360, 416 polemical attacks on alleged remains of, 25-6, 51-2, 145,388 prior to nineteenth century, 47-9, 142, disappearance/ assumed murder of, 19- 257, 268-70, 272, 438 20,22,25,31,37,50, 74, 86, 112, contemporary, including 1840, 59, 139, 155 141-2, 257, 259, 270-5, 368, description of alleged murder, 23-4, 402,418,438-9 27-8,76, 177-8 related exegetical literature and, 258-9 life of, 22 religious controversy over, 142, 257, theories about the disappearance/murder 272-5 of, 50-4, 134, 136, 139, 174, 184, ritual murder accusation and, 28, 50, 67, 191, 213, 223, 230,278,343,345-6, 71, 130, 141,201-2,204,211,257, 367-8,381,388,397,411,430 259, 270-9, 368, 402, 416, 417 n., tomb of, 26, 379-81, 397, 434 n. 422, 424 See, too, Amara; Damascus affair; Ratti translations of, 47-9, 53, 86, 211, 270-1, Menton 278,411 n., 415 n., 416, 422 Thomas of Monmouth, 265

490 Index Thomas, Keith, 437 Trieste, 95, 139, 155 Thugs, 265 n. Jewish community of, 373-4 Tiberias Tripoli, reputed ritual murder in, 54, 269 n. Jewish community of, 169, 291 Tsarphati (Terquem, Orly), 247-9, 254 Lake, 284 Turin, 238 Tiflis, 17,55,174 Turkey. See Ottoman Empire Tiktin, Salomon, 255, 280 Tuscany, 139, 158, 170,359 Times, 25, 72, 74, 130, 144-5, 157, 221-2, Tustet, Eugene Oean), Father, 50, 53, 302,307,439,441 57-8, 117, 152 leading articles (editorials), 210-11, 259, Tyrol,269 282,302-3,370,378 letters in, 45, 207-9, 259-60, 262-4, Ultramontane/ultra-Catholic, 56, 78, 120, 266, 269, 279-80, 303-5, 365, 369- 191-2, 262,439. See, too, Catholic 70,378,394,404-5 Church; press "open-mindedness" of, 145-7, 197,207- Union of the Russian People, 3 11,253,259,302,319,370 United Nations forums, 417 and "Restoration of the Jews," 293, 302 United States of America, 252 See, too, press; TJC government/ diplomats, and the affair, Tisza-Eszlar, reputed ritual murder in, 4, 66-7,169-70,226-7,364 401,420,422-3,442 Jewish community of, 8, 224-8, 327-8, TJC (anonymous Oxford correspondent), 404, 426 259,263-4,267,282,369-70,378, press in, 197,212-14 405 Univers, 77-8, 117, 197-8,201-3,212, Tobi, Memnon (Haim Memnon), 167 n. 228-9,273,301,415,441 Tommaso, Padre. See Thomas, Father defense of ritual murder accusation, 116- Torlonia, Alexander, Prince de, 379 17, 192,206,366-8,419 torture, 422, 441 polemics with Cremieux, 116-18, 137, 201 consular involvement in Damascus, 37-8, 46, 51, 63, 88, 96, Vadresse de Sur, Vicountess, 390 101, 150, 173, 177, 181, 186,201, Valensino, Moses, 165,354, 360, 438 206,345,388,390 Veith, Johann Emmanuel, 187,268 in Rhodes, 70-1, 157-8, 162-3 Velizh, reputed ritual murder in, 4, 9, 140, decline in Europe, 29, 118, 145 251,424 descriptions of, 37, 39-43, 46-7, 60, 64, Venice, 139, 372 70-1,97, 155, 179,410 Ventura, Mr., 175 European reactions to the use of, 66, Vercelli, Jewish community of, 238 74-5, 77, 98, 102-4, 110, 118, 136, Verete, Mayir, 428 144-5, 149, 181, 188, 191,201, Veuillot, Louis, 419 206, 212, 215, 225, 235, 323 n., Victoria, Queen, 261, 294, 325, 394, 397 345, 411, 413, 430 n., 436 Vienna, 7, 80-1, 119, 128, 138-40, 169, in judicial process, 51, 102,349,416 180, 187, 268, 320-2, 372, 374, 407, proposed abolition of (by the mission), 410,423,440 357, 362 expulsion of the Jews from, 9 See, too, Damascus affair; Ratti-Menton; University of, 101, 246 Rhodes; Wilkinson proto-Zionist club in, 312, 316-22, Tory/Tories, 146, 195,207,291,303 396,429 Toulouse, 203, 205 Villemain, Abel-Fran~ois, 190 n. Treaty of 15 July (five-power), 164, 284, Vilna, 34, 409 302-3,332-3,348,367,390 Vilna Gaon, 295 Trent, 252, 270 Voice ofJacob, 405 Treves, Samuel de N., 80, 157 n. Voltaire, Fran~ois Marie Arouet de/Vol Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 258 tairean, 191,209,234,248,413 Trianda (in Rhodes), 69, 71 Tribes of Israel Wagenseil, Johann Christoph, 258 Ten Tribes, 304 Wagner, Otto von, 349 Twelve Tribes, 291 Walewski, Alexandre, Count, 344-5, 352

Index 49 1

Wallachia, 10, 100,313 Xanten, reputed ritual murder in, 4, 422 n., watchman (unnamed), who died during the 423,442 interrogations, 41, 52, 181 Way, Lewis, 288 Yavo, Isaac, 37, 80 Weekly Herald, 322 torture and death of, 37-8, 181, 411 Werry, Nathaniel W., 35, 63, 148-9, 167, Yehiel, Rabbi (of Paris), 276 215, 389 Yiddish, 427 reactions to affair publications (regarding affair), 410 initial, 53-4, 57-8, 98, 130, 149-50 Yirmiya, Rabbi, 275 after Palmerston's rebuke, 154, 183, Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement), 267, 348, 387 295 private letters, 154-5, 183-4,386-7 Young, William T., 127, 148,291-2,298, report by, 39, 51-2, 183-4, 195-6 396, 405, 444 Westmeath, Lord (George Fredrick Yusuf Pasha, 69, 71, 156, 163 Nugent), 129 Westminster, 194,220 Whig, 124, 146, 196,291,300,441 Zahle, 58 Wilkinson, John G., 156-7, 159 Zichy (family), 119 involvement in torture, 70-1, 157-8 Zichy-Farrari, Melanie, 119 rebuke of, by Palmerston, 130, 164 Zion, 266, 287, 300, 314, 328, 392 William of Norwich, 29, 265 Zion, 409-11 Wire, D. N., 337, 339-40, 359, 377, 382 Zionism, 427, 435 Wissenschaji des Judentums, 8, 433 DBH on the opportunity of, 313-15 Wissenschajiliche Zeitschriji fur judische Theo- messianic basis, 311-12, 414 logie, 280 opportunity for, 311-13 witchcraft/witch-hunts, 38, 145, 207, 212, proto-, 13, 185, 207, 323, 394-6, 405, 258, 424 n., 437 414,428-9,435 Wolf, Johann Christian, 258, 274 See, too, Benisch; Churchill; Fiirst; World Wars Orient; "Restoration of the Jews"; First, 427, 437 Vienna Second, 428 Zohar, the, 295 Wiirtemberg, 267, 407 Zunz, Leopold, 54, 141,274-8,327