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Zaman Indonesia Hindu c i 2577 MENGENAL PENINGGALAN SEJARAH DAN PURBAKALA N+ ZAMAN INDONESIA HINDU P.T. PRIASTU JAKARTA 1 1 11111 11 111111 1 ~'I I ~ ~ ~lllrl~ II] I ]rlrl lll l lllll l llll l 00412997 .. ". {" .. ~St~ MENGENAl PENINGGAlAN SEJARAH DAN PURBAKAlA ZAMAN INDONESIA HINDU " Oleh: Drs. Soekatno Tirtowijoyo Soepono dkk P.T. PRIASTU JAKARTA Hak Cipta dilindungi Undang-undang Cetakan pertama April 1 984 Diterbitkan Oleh : P.T. PRIASTU bekerja sama dengan Yayasan Darma Bhakti. .' Memahami Masa Lalu berarti Menegakkan diri pada masa kini guna menyongsong masa depan yang gemilang Upaya pelestarian warisan budaya adalah kewajiban kita bersama 2 PENGANTAR Buku "Mengenal Peninggalan Sejarah dan Purbakala Zaman Prasejarah" telah terbit. Untuk melengkapi pengetahuan pembaea atas khasanah benda-benda warisan budaya ha­ ruslah disambung dengan kurun waktu berikutnya. Oleh karena itulah maka dalam penerbitan ini disajikan berbagai objek peninggalan sejarah dan purbakala dari berbagai daerah di Indonesia yang berasal dari Masa Pengaruh Kebuda­ yaan India. Tentu saja di sini tidak dapat disajikan semua objek seeara lengkap. Jadi hanya seba­ gian peninggalan yang pokok-pokok saja yang dipandang memberi penjelasan tentang ber­ bagai masalah pad a zamannya. Objek-objek antara lain berupa prasasti, bangunan eandi, bekasistana, area dan lain-lain. Tentang urutan/sistematika diusahakan sesuai dengan ketuaanya yang dibatasi pad a daerah atau propinsi tertentu. Akan tetapi eara ini juga belum dapat sepenuhnya dilaksana­ kan sebab masih banyak objek yang belum diketahui umurnya seeara pasti. Dengan penerbitan ini diharapkan dapat membantu pembaea terutama para siswa un­ tuk mempelajari sejarah budaya bangsa kita khususnya pada zaman Indonesia - Hindu yak­ ni dari awal tarieh Masehi hingga abad ke XV. Kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu terlaksananya penerbitan buku ini, teruta­ rna kepada Bapak Direktur Perlindungan dan Pembinaan Peninggalan Sejarah dan Purbakala yang telah memberi pengarahan maupun kemudahan berupa peminjaman foto-foto kami ueap­ kan banyak terima kasih . Saran dan teguran yang mendorong majunya penerbitan ini kami sambut dengan gembira. Penyusun 3 DAFTAR lSI Pengantar .. ......... ....... ......... .................................................... ............................. 3 Daftar lsi .. .... .. .... .... .... ..................................................... >~ •••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4 Sambutan ............................................................................................................ 5 Pendahul'uan .... ..... ............. ..... ... ................................................ ............ .............. 7 Prasasti Raja Mulawarman dari Kutai .. .................................................................... 8 Prasasti Ciaruteun ............. .. ............ ............................................................ ......... 1 0 Huruf Prasasti Ciaruteun .. .. ... ......................................................................... .. .... 1 0 Candi Cangkuang ...................... ....... .............. ........................................ .... .. .. .... 12 Kelompok Candi Dieng ................. .... ... .. ........ ................. .............. ........ .... .. .... ...... 14 Kelompok Candi Gedong Songo .......... .... ..... .... ............ ............. ....... ..... ........ ...... 16 Candi Kalasan ......... .......... ...................................................... .... ....................... 18 Candi Sari .......... ..... ............. .................................... ....... .... .. .. ..... ......... .. ......... .. 18 C~ndi Ngawen ................... ......................................................... ................ ........ 20 Candi Mendut ......... .. .. .... ... ..... ... .. .. .......... .. .. .... .... ... .. ............................ .. .......... 20 Candi Pawon .............................. ... .......... .. ... ... .... ... ....... .. ... ................ ....... ..... .. .. 22 Candi Borobudur .. ............ ... .. ........................... .............. ... ... ............................... 24 Candi Prambanah .............. ........................................... ..................................... ~ 30 Candi Sewu ............... .... .......................................... ... .............. ......... ...... ...... ... 34 Candi Plaosan ...................................... .... .... ............. .... ........... ... ... ... ............ ..... 34 Bekas Keraton Boko ........................ .. .... .... ... .. ............................. , ................. ... .. 36 Candi Sukuh ............................................................................ .......... .. .. ... ..... .... 38 Candi Badut .......... ................................ ....................... ...... ..... ......... ....... .. .. ... .... 40 Candi Kidal. ............ ........................................................... .. ................... ........... 42 Area Raja Airlangga .. ..................................... .............. .... .... ....... ..... ........ ... .... .... 44 Candi Singasari ................. .................... ........ ......... ..... ... .... .. ...... .. .. .. ........ ... .... .. 46 Area Dwarapala di Singasari ...... .. ... ....... .. ... .......... .. .......... ... .......... .. .... ... ...... ..... .. 46 Area Prajnaparamita .................... ... ................................... .. ......................... ... .... 48 Candi Jawi ........ .. ........................ ............ ... .... .................. ............ .......... ..... ...... 50 Candi Jago ................... ......... ........................................... .......... .. .... ....... .......... 52 Candi Tikus ....... .... .................................. .. .. .. .. ............................ ....... .... ........... 56 Candi Bajang Ratu ................................................................. .. ..... .. .. ... ..... ... ... .. .. 58 Candi Wringin Lawang ........................................ .. .. .. ... ........ ........... .. .... ...... .. ...... 60 Candi Dadi .............. .. .......... ... .. ................................... ........... ............... ............. 60 Area Ganesya Karangkates ....... ...................... .... .......... .......... ........... .......... .. ...... 62 Kompleks Candi Panataran ........................... ... ................................ ..................... 64 Prasasti Girindrawardhana ........ ... ........ .... ....... ................ ... .................................. 66 Biaro Bahal. ..................................................................... ................... ............... 68 Stupa Muara Takus ... ... ................. ... .. , ................ ......... ... .. .............. ..... ... ... ' " ...... 68 Candi-eandi Muara Jambi .................................. ..... ..................................... ..... .. 70 Goa Gajah ................... .. .......... .. .............. ...... ....... .. .. ... .... ..... ...... ......... .. .. ... .. ..... 72 Candi Gunung Kawi ............. .............. ...... ... ......................... ................................ 74 Pura Besakih ................................................. ......... ....... ................................ .... 76 Pet a Indonesia .......................... ........................................................... " .... ...... ... 78 Daftar Pusataka .. ........................ ......... ... .. ................................ ......... .............. ... 80 4 SAMBUTAN Oal!3 m era pembangunan manusia Indonesia seutuhnya, kita perlu berusaha keras dan terpadu menggali d~n mengkomunikasikan nilai-nilai luhur warisan budaya bangsa, khusus­ nya kepada generasi muda. Hal ini sesuai dengan yang diamanatkan kepada kita melalui UUD 1945 dan GBHN, Ketetapan MPR 'nomor II/MPR/1983. Oleh karena itu kami menyambut baik adanya gagasan dari pihak Yayasan Darma Bhakti dan PT. PRIASTU serta memberi pe­ ngarahan isi dan meminjamkan foto-foto untuk penerbitan buku yang berisi data peningga­ Ian sejarah dan purbakala sebagai sarana pengenalan warisan budaya bangsa. Penerbitan semacam ini kami pandang sangat penting sebab dapat membantu upaya pendidikan generasi muda untuk memperkuat kepribadian bangsa, mempertebal rasa harga diri dan kebanggaan nasional serta memperkokoh jiwa persatuan. Dengan mempelajari bu­ ku semacam ini diharapkan generasi muda sejak dini telah diperkenalkan dengan fakta dan data kemampuan bangsa kita sendiri sehingga tergugah semangatnya untuk mencintai, me­ mahami, dan menghayati budaya bangsa dan dalam mengahadapi pengaruh budaya asing akan bersikap selektif dan kreatif. ' Semoga penerbitan ini dapat disusul dengan penerbitan lain yang isi, nada dan irama­ nya serupa dengan kadar yang semakin berbobot. Adanya upaya penerbitan ke arah itu sangat kami hargai. Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Direktorat Perlindungan dan Pembinaan Peninggalan Sejarah dan Purbakala. , , ~~v ': A7 , ' Direktur ~~;/-r;, , ~ :...:..-~. ,,': " 0 , " ....... ' .., ,..,£; !~~'» "' ~ j.<..-!r .1~. ~ v..v " 5 0 " PENDAHULUAN Zaman Prasejarah pada umumnya dianggap berakhir setelah adanya sumber-sumber ter-. tulis dari masa yang bersangkutan. Oi Indonesia sejak awal tarich Masehi, terutama sejak abad ke IV mulai ada peninggalan ter­ tulis, sehingga sejak awal tarich Masehi itu pula Zaman Prasejarah di Indonesia dianggap berakhir. Seperti kita ketahui, dalam Zaman Prasejarah ki~a telah memiliki
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