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Miroslav Volf's Theology of Embrace and the Problem Of

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Miroslav Volf's Theology of Embrace and the Problem Of Enlarging Justice: Miroslav Volf’s theology of embrace and the problem of justice in post-conflict Bosnia and Croatia Submitted by Bethan Siân Willis to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Theology, January 2013. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. (Signature) ……………………………………………………………………………… 1 Abstract: Enlarging Justice: Miroslav Volf’s theology of embrace and the problem of justice in post-conflict Bosnia and Croatia This thesis seeks to develop an enlarged understanding of justice which reduces future conflict rather than feeding it and which seeks to ground human practices and notions of justice more firmly in divine justice. At the heart of this project is Miroslav Volf’s theology of embrace. The thesis attempts to question what this theology offers to the present day context of Croatia and Bosnia from which it emerged in the 1990s. Firstly, I draw on field work and NGO work to suggest that justice is a pressing issue in post-conflict Bosnia and Croatia, and that current approaches to justice are problematic. I draw on Volf’s work to assess the key problems and suggest that turning to his eschatological vision of justice may provide fruitful answers as to how justice should be pursued for the future. Secondly, I suggest that identity needs to be reconfigured in order that justice might be pursued. I suggest that this should occur along the lines of Volf’s understanding of identity as embrace. Identities can be reconfigured through enlarged thinking. Seeking to shape the other and for the other to shape the self is key to pursuing justice collaboratively. Thirdly, I address the theological roots of Volf’s work in examining the Trinity. I suggest that Volf’s work can offer an understanding of the Trinity which has significant implications for the pursuit of justice. I read Volf’s work as allowing for a sense of justice residing within the Trinity. I seek to draw out the ways in which human life can image the triune life of justice and the parameters of this mirroring. Finally, I propose that the type of justice I have suggested, in collaboration with Volf, means that the pursuit of justice should be centred on restoring right relationships, going beyond what is due and is a continuous process rather than discrete actions. 2 Contents Abstract:.......................................................................................................... 2 Introduction .................................................................................................... 10 Section 1 - Miroslav Volf .................................................................................. 12 1.1 Biography ................................................................................................ 12 1.2 Bibliography ............................................................................................ 16 1.2a Eschatology ....................................................................................... 18 1.2b Justice ............................................................................................... 21 1.2c Method .............................................................................................. 24 1.3 Exclusion and Embrace .......................................................................... 28 1.4 Miroslav Volf and Jürgen Moltmann ........................................................ 31 Section 2 - Aims and Methodology of Thesis ................................................... 33 2.1 Research Question and Aims ................................................................. 36 Justice ....................................................................................................... 36 Identity ....................................................................................................... 38 Trinity ........................................................................................................ 39 Conclusions ............................................................................................... 39 2.2 Methodology: Interviews ........................................................................ 40 Aims of the interviews ............................................................................... 41 Interviews in practice ................................................................................. 42 Result of the interviews ............................................................................. 43 3 Interview with Volf ..................................................................................... 44 2.3 Methodology: Approach to Sources ........................................................ 44 Chapter 1: Justice .......................................................................................... 46 Introduction....................................................................................................... 46 Three Types of Justice .............................................................................. 49 The Place of Justice within the Theology of Embrace ............................... 51 Deconstructing Justice ..................................................................................... 53 Section 1 - The Problem of Justice in the Balkans ........................................... 54 1.0a Transitional Justice............................................................................ 54 1.1 What are the problems of justice in Bosnia and Croatia? ....................... 55 1.1a Local and National Justice ................................................................ 55 1.1b International Justice .......................................................................... 57 1.1c The NGO Perspective ....................................................................... 59 1.2 What does Volf say about the problem of justice? .................................. 61 1.2a Plural Justice and Conflicting Claims ................................................ 61 1.2b Injustice named as Justice ................................................................ 63 1.2c Restorative Justice ............................................................................ 65 1.2d Conclusion ........................................................................................ 67 Section 2 - Why do these problems exist? ....................................................... 69 2.1 Victim Identity ......................................................................................... 70 2.2 Human Knowledge of Justice ................................................................. 73 2.3 Expectations of Justice ........................................................................... 74 4 2.4 Partial Justice ......................................................................................... 76 2.5 Starting in the wrong place ..................................................................... 78 A Partial Reconstruction of Justice ................................................................... 80 Section 3: What is Volf’s solution? ................................................................... 80 3.1 The Vision ............................................................................................... 81 3.1a The Primacy of Love ......................................................................... 82 3.1b Rights, Entitlements and Giving ........................................................ 84 Section 4 - What are the Implications of Volf’s work for the future of justice? .. 86 Conclusion........................................................................................................ 88 Chapter 2: Identity .......................................................................................... 90 Introduction....................................................................................................... 90 Section 1: Volf and Identity ............................................................................... 93 1.1 Volf’s theology of identity ..................................................................... 93 1.2 Volf’s Theology in Context ...................................................................... 97 1.2a Identity and Relationality ................................................................... 97 1.2bSameness and Difference ................................................................ 100 1.3 The Content of Identity .......................................................................... 103 Section 2: Problems of Identity ....................................................................... 106 2.1 The Problem of Identity in Bosnia and Croatia ...................................... 106 2.1a The Problem of Ethnic Identity in the Balkans ................................. 108 2.1b ‘Beyond Ethnicity’ ............................................................................ 111 2.2 Identity and Justice ............................................................................... 114 5 2.3 What does Volf say about the Problem of Identity? .............................. 115 2.3a Volf and the Relationship of Identity and Justice ............................
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