Northern New England Intercity Rail Initiative
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TIER 1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Prepared Pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act (42 USC 4332) and 64 FR 28545 May 2016 This page intentionally left blank EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES. 1 INTRODUCTION The Northern New England Intercity Rail Initiative (NNEIRI) is a feasibility and planning study (NNEIRI Study) that examines the opportunities and impacts of adding more frequent and higher speed intercity passenger rail service on two major rail routes, the Inland Route and the Boston-to-Montreal Route. The Inland Route runs between Boston, Massachusetts and New Haven, Connecticut via Springfield, Massachusetts. The Boston-to-Montreal Route runs between Boston and Montreal, Quebec via Springfield. The two routes share the common trackage between Boston and Springfield, MA. The combination of these two rail routes defines the total trackage included in the study area that is collectively identified as the NNEIRI Corridor (Corridor). The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT), and the Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTrans), in coordination with the Connecticut Department of Transportation (CTDOT) prepared this Tier 1 Environmental Assessment (EA) for passenger rail improvements in the NNEIRI Corridor. FRA is providing grant funding for the NNEIRI Study under its Next Generation High Speed Rail Program. This EA was prepared in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), as amended, 42 U.S.C. §§ 4321 et. seq.; its implementing regulations, 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1500-1508; and FRA’s Procedures for Considering Environmental Impacts, 64 Federal Register (FR) 28545 (May 26, 1999) and Update to NEPA Implementing Procedures, 78 FR 2713 (January 14, 2013). This EA follows FRA’s High-Speed Intercity Passenger Rail (HSIPR) NEPA guidance, 74 FR 29900 (June 23, 2009), for compliance with NEPA at the service or corridor level.1 The EA identifies resources present in the NNEIRI Study Area (the geographic limits of the analysis for each of the resources) that the NNEIRI Build Alternative could potentially affect if advanced to the project-level; however, no findings or determinations under related environmental planning requirements are made at the Tier 1 level. If the NNEIRI Study advances to the project level and federal funding were provided for implementation of rail improvements, future Tier 2 project proponent(s) would follow this Tier 1 EA with a Tier 2 NEPA analysis, or analyses. Tier 2 analyses may determine a project to fall into one of three categories, including an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), EA, or Categorical Exclusion (CE), depending on the details of the project, site-specific conditions and resources present, and the significance of potential impacts to the human environment. The Tier 2 analysis would identify specific environmental impacts resulting from the analyzed alternative(s). 1 High-Speed Intercity Passenger Rail (HSIPR) NEPA Guidance and Table. https://www.fra.dot.gov/Page/P0262 NNEIRI TIER 1 EA ES-1 May 2016 ES. 1.1 NNEIRI Corridor The Corridor is 470 miles long and is comprised of two major rail routes known as the Inland Route and the Boston-to-Montreal Route (see Figure ES-1). The Inland Route of the Corridor runs west from South Station in Boston to Springfield, Massachusetts via Worcester. From Springfield, the Route continues south to New Haven, Connecticut where it connects to Amtrak’s Northeast Corridor. The Boston-to-Montreal Route shares the segment of the Inland Route between Boston and Springfield. It then extends north through Holyoke, Northampton and Greenfield, Massachusetts. In Vermont, the Route continues north to White River Junction, northwest to Montpelier and Essex Junction, north to St. Albans, crosses the Canadian border at Alburgh, Vermont, and terminates at Central Station in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Ownership of the 470- mile long NNEIRI Corridor varies by segment: Commonwealth of Massachusetts: 44 miles between Boston and Worcester CSX Transportation Corporation (CSX): 55 Miles between Worcester and Springfield Commonwealth of Massachusetts: 49 miles between Springfield and East Northfield, Massachusetts New England Central Railroad (NECR): 207 miles from East Northfield, Massachusetts to three miles south of the U.S./Canada border Canadian National (CN) Railroad: 53 miles from three miles south of the U.S./Canada border to Montreal Amtrak: 62 miles from Springfield to New Haven NNEIRI Study The NNEIRI Study defined and evaluated alternatives that identified infrastructure and service improvements required to support train speed and frequency increases. The study efforts included consideration of ridership, revenue, capital, and operating costs. This EA evaluated the environmental effects of full implementation of potential service on the Inland Route and the Boston-to-Montreal Route as identified within the Alternative Analysis process. The Study Team also created two Service Development Plans (SDPs) - one for the Inland Route Service and one for the Boston-to-Montreal Route – to support independent implementation of each Route. Because the NNEIRI Corridor encompasses the combined area of the two SDPs, the Study Team developed one Tier 1 EA to evaluate potential environmental effects of implementation of intercity passenger rail service on the Inland Route and the Boston-to- Montreal Route. For segments of the Corridor previously the subject of NEPA review, such as Knowledge Corridor/Restore the Vermonter project (Springfield to East Northfield, Massachusetts) and the New Haven-Hartford-Springfield (NHHS) Project (Springfield, Massachusetts to New Haven, Connecticut), the NNEIRI Study incorporates the results of those reviews by reference. This EA does not address potential environmental impacts in Canada; such impacts will be evaluated and determined in accordance with applicable Canadian laws should the study advance to Tier 2 and projects proposed having potential environmental impacts within Canada NNEIRI TIER 1 EA ES-2 May 2016 The NNEIRI Study Area refers to the geographic limits of the analysis conducted for each of the environmental impact areas examined in the Tier 1 EA. Figure ES-1 shows the Inland Route and Boston-to-Montreal Route and the geographic extent of each route. Table ES-3 lists the environmental impact areas examined in the Tier 1 EA. Figure ES-1: NNEIRI Corridor NNEIRI TIER 1 EA ES-3 May 2016 ES. 1.2 Background Corridor History The original federally designed alignment for a Boston-to-Montreal passenger rail service consisted of a route from Boston-to-Montreal via Concord, New Hampshire, with service continuing northwest via the current NNEIRI Corridor at White River Junction, Vermont to Montreal. In 2003, the VTrans, through a cooperative agreement with the FRA, the New Hampshire Department of Transportation (NHDOT), and the Massachusetts Executive Office of Transportation and Construction (EOTC) developed the Boston to Montreal High-Speed Rail (BMHSR) Planning and Feasibility Study2, which performed an initial assessment of existing operations, infrastructure, and institutional issues and concluded that no fatal flaws exist for implementation of a high speed rail service in the BMHSR Corridor and that the ridership forecasts warrant a study for evaluation of operational, engineering and cost/revenue factors. At the conclusion of the 2003 study, the NHDOT withdrew from continued planning efforts to develop a Boston-to-Montreal service. Subsequently, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005 (Public Law 108-447, December 8, 2004) expanded the Northern New England High Speed Rail Corridor from Boston to Springfield, Massachusetts. As a result of the expanded Northern New England High Speed Rail Corridor, MassDOT and VTrans obtained FRA approval to modify the route for potential Boston-to-Montreal passenger rail service by using a connection from Boston-to-Montreal via Springfield to continue north of White River Junction. Thus, from White River Junction to Montreal, the corridor remains the same as proposed in the previous 2003 Boston-to-Montreal study. Regional Framework In 2009, a framework known as the New England Vision for High Speed and Intercity Passenger Rail3 was collectively developed by the Maine Department of Transportation (MaineDOT), NHDOT, VTrans, MassDOT, RIDOT and CTDOT for improving high speed and intercity rail in New England. Currently, significant infrastructure improvements consistent with the framework are completed or underway. These improvements include the Knowledge Corridor/Restore the Vermonter project in western Massachusetts, the NHHS project in Connecticut, the improvement in Vermont that support Amtrak Vermonter service, and the Boston South Station Expansion (SSX) Project. Additionally, FRA is leading a comprehensive planning process to define, evaluate, and prioritize future investments in the Northeast Corridor (NEC), from Washington, D.C. to Boston, called NEC FUTURE. The FRA launched NEC FUTURE in February 2012 to consider the role of rail passenger service in the context of current and future transportation 2 Boston to Montreal High-Speed Rail Planning and Feasibility Study Phase I. Final Report. April 2003. https://www.nh.gov/dot/org/aerorailtransit/railandtransit/documents/BostonMontrealHSR.pdf 3 Vision for the New England High-Speed and Intercity Rail Network. 2009. https://www.massdot.state.ma.us/portals/20/docs/NewEngland_HSR_Vision.pdf NNEIRI TIER 1 EA ES-4 May 2016 demand. FRA published the NEC FUTURE Tier