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Autumn 07 Cover Spink Coins 21050 Abramson II cover.qxp_Layout 1 23/02/2021 12:36 Page 1 £25 THE TONY ABRAMSON COLLECTION OF DARK AGE COINAGE - PART II 271 THE TONY ABRAMSON COLLECTION OF DARK AGE COINAGE - PART II: NORTHUMBRIA NORTHUMBRIA 18 MARCH 2021 STAMPS COINS BANKNOTES MEDALS BONDS & SHARES AUTOGRAPHS BOOKS WINE & SPIRITS HANDBAGS COLLECTIONS ADVISORY SERVICES SPECIAL COMMISSIONS LONDON 18 MARCH 2021 69 Southampton Row, Bloomsbury, London WC1B 4ET www.spink.com © Copyright 2021 LONDON Spink Coins 21050 Abramson II cover.qxp_Layout 1 23/02/2021 12:37 Page 2 337 335 336 397 405 408 338 342 419 343 416 424 348 363 429 430 364 432 371 436 376 378 439 447 387 396 478 382 452 463 Spink Coins 21050 Abramson II pages.qxp_Layout 1 23/02/2021 14:54 Page 1 THE TONY ABRAMSON COLLECTION OF DARK AGE COINAGE - PART II NORTHUMBRIA 69 Southampton Row, Bloomsbury London WC1B 4ET tel +44 (0)20 7563 4000 fax +44 (0)20 7563 4066 Vat No: GB 791627108 Sale Details | Thursday 18 March 2021 at 3.00 p.m. | When sending commission bids or making enquiries, this sale should be referred to as ABRAMSON2 - 21050 Viewing of Lots | At Spink London Private viewing by appointment only (subject to government guidelines) Live platform | Your Specialists for this Sale Bids Payment Enquiries Axel Kendrick Veronica Morris Dora Szigeti [email protected] [email protected] +44 (0)20 7563 4018 +44 (0)20 7563 4108/4005 fax +44 (0)20 7563 4037 Gregory Edmund Henrik Berndt [email protected] [email protected] Technical Issues VAT Enquiries +44 (0)20 7563 4048 +44 (0)20 7563 4064 [email protected] John Winchcombe +44 (0)20 7563 4089 [email protected] +44 (0)20 7563 4101 The Spink Environment Commitment: Paper from Sustainable Forests and Clean Ink Spink has a long history of preserving not only collectables but our planet, too. We are proud to ensure that our policy of sustainability and conservation keeps up with Spink’s growth, helping improve the environment for new generations of collectors. We insist that our printers source all paper used in the production of Spink catalogues from FSC and/or PEFC suppliers and use non-hazardous inks. We also ask they hold the environmental standard ISO 14001. Spink recycle all ecological material used on our premises and we encourage you to recycle your catalogue once you have finished with it. Front Cover Illustrations: 433, 340, 386, 369, 372, 381, ‘Life of St Cuthbert’ (Yates Thompson MS 26, folio. 2r, Reproduced courtesy of the British Library) Back Cover Illustrations: 338, 340, 352, 355, 360, 364, 369, 372, 379, 382, 386, 388, 505, 506 Inside Front Cover Illustrations: 333, 336, 337, 338, 342, 343, 348, 363, 364, 371, 376, 378, 382, 387, 396 Inside Back Cover Illustrations: 397, 405, 408, 416, 419, 424, 429, 430, 432, 436, 439, 447, 452, 463, 478 Spink Coins 21050 Abramson II pages.qxp_Layout 1 23/02/2021 14:54 Page 2 www.spink.com @SpinkandSon Group Chairman and CEO #Spink_Auctions Olivier D. Stocker Spink_auctions Director Spinkauctions Tim Hirsch FRPSL Spink_auctions Chief Financial Officer Chief Customer Officer Chief Operating Officer Alison Bennet Rita Ariete Mira Adusei-Poku Head of EMEA Head of Americas Head of Asia-Pacific Mira Adusei-Poku Charles J Blane Sue Pui [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Specialists Stamps Coins Banknotes Tim Hirsch FRPSL Kelvin Cheung Kelvin Cheung Iain Murphy Henrik Berndt Barnaby Faull David Parsons Richard Bishop Elaine Fung Nick Startup Tim Robson Arnas Savickas Neill Granger FRPSL Gregory Edmund Paul Pei Po Chow Dominic Savastano Barbara Mears Greg Cole (Consultant) Josh Barber Kin Choi Cheung Thomas Fell Paul Pei Po Chow Ian Shapiro (Consultant) Joseph Lam Guido Craveri (Consultant) Greg Cole (Consultant) Christopher Green George Yue (Consultant) Orders, Decorations & Medals Bonds & Shares Alan Ho Marcus Budgen Kelvin Cheung Harry Blackett-Ord Mike Veissid (Consultant) Greg Cole (Consultant) Greg Cole (Consultant) Historical Documents Special Commissions Wine & Spirits Thomas Fell Ian Copson George Koutsakis Neill Granger FRPSL Robert Wilde-Evans Ian Shapiro (Consultant) Books Finance IT & Administration Emma Howard Alison Bennet Michael Lewis Fabian Rigby Sue Pui Iveta Gaalova Nik von Uexkull Marco Fiori Liz Cones Mina Bhagat Slawomir Kolsut Client & Auction Management Dennis Muriu Newton Tsang Geoff Anandappa (Consultant) Veronica Morris Jacqueline Wong Dora Szigeti Nicholas Waring Nik von Uexkull Jade Le Petit Representatives For Australia Axel Kendrick Michael R. Downey - [email protected] John Winchcombe Representative For Canada Annie Sohail Timothy J. Stewart - [email protected] Samantha Lanevi Representative For Japan Newton Tsang Katrina Chan Alan Ho - [email protected] PR & Marketing Representative For South Africa Rita Ariete Andrew Kennedy - [email protected] Alzbeta Lanova Nerissa Douglas Spink UK Spink USA Spink China Spink Asia Spink Switzerland 69 Southampton Row 145 W. 57th St. 4/F and 5/F Registered at: Via Livio 8 Bloomsbury 18th Floor Hua Fu Commercial 50 Raffles Place 6830 Chiasso London New York, NY Building #17-01 Singapore Land Switzerland WC1B 4ET 10019 111 Queen’s Road West Tower Email: Email: Email: Sheung Wan Singapore 048623 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Hong Kong Email: Tel: +41 91 911 62 00 Tel: +44 (0)20 7563 4000 Tel: +1 646 941 8664 Email: [email protected] Fax: +41 91 922 20 52 Fax: +44 (0)20 7563 4066 Fax: +1 646 941 8686 [email protected] Tel: +852 3952 3000 Fax: +852 3952 3038 Spink Coins 21050 Abramson II pages.qxp_Layout 1 23/02/2021 14:54 Page 3 March 18, 2021 - LONDON The Coinage of the Kingdom of Northumbria Tony Abramson The lure of northern coinage is its literacy. The long sequence of monarchs, archbishops and moneyers named is set into the contemporary context by the historical account of Bede (672/3 -735), which brings vibrancy to the lives of the earlier issuers. Moreover, we have a rich scholarship dating back three centuries, though the course of discovery is strewn with academic corpses. Until recently, the gold shilling of York has been misunderstood and misinterpreted by leading numismatists. An additional plate in some copies of Withy and Ryall, engraved by Charles Hall in 1773, illustrated a York shilling, of variety C, mistakenly attributed to Eadbald of Kent. More recent, yet flawed, attributions include Elizabeth Pirie’s conjecture that the inscription may read ECGFRITH (Pirie 1992, 15), and David Woods’ recent, evidence-free suggestion that the issuer is a mythical Daniel (BNJ 2020, 67-76). The eminent Humphrey Sutherland denigrated the York shilling: ‘the ‘legend’ seems to be a mere congeries of letter-forms, quite devoid of sense’ (Sutherland 1948, 50), and Grierson followed suit: ‘…a jumble letters … meaningless’ (Grierson 1962, 9). John Kent thought ‘the relatively impoverished north…was to all intents and purposes void of coin in the seventh century, and…could not even afford to maintain a silver coinage in the eighth.’ (Kent, 1956, 11). But then he was the only person to support Pirie’s misguided classification of the Northumbrian styca. Her ‘phases and groups’ taxonomy marred her resolute dedication to recording the series (Pirie, 1996.). On the other hand, insightful contributions have come from James Booth on Northumbrian silver pennies (Booth, 1984) and Stewart Lyon on stycas (Lyon, 1957). Not only is the obverse design of the York gold shilling enigmatic but the reverse inscription of varieties B and C has defied interpretation - until recently, when Jonathan Mann identified the first part of the variety B and Ci inscription as SANCTE (Spink auction 228, 25−26 March 2015, lot 505). The crucial, and then unique, specimen in aiding exploration of the second of the York inscriptions (variety Cii, Part I, lot 19) was found, coincidentally, by a close neighbour of mine, by metal detection, in March 2007 near Pocklington, East Yorkshire (Abramson, 2019). Attribution to Bishop Paulinus of York (627-33) is not only compelling but leads to the conclusion that it was he and his fellow emissary Mellitus, in Kent, who were instrumental in initiating English coinage. The gap before introduction of silver coinage is typical of northern production – periods of substantial minting followed by a generation bereft of domestic coin due to internal strife or exogenous shock. However, northern sovereignty was reasserted when Aldfrith becomes the first issuer named on the sceat coinage. The northern primary phase starts later and is shorter than the Southumbrian emissions of Series A, B and C but the northern secondary phase is earlier and longer before the coinages diverge. The southern coinage of Offa of Mercia and his southern contemporaries emulates Pepin III’s introduction of the broad penny, while in the north, the wrongly denigrated, base styca becomes the first coinage commensurate with quotidian needs – not only for temporal sustenance but also spiritually, to pay one’s dues. The coinage is littered with characterful issuers. There are many riverine locations still associated with the baptisms carried out by Paulinus, indeed I have argued that the distribution of finds of variety C reflects his travels. However, it is during the silver coinage that the sequence of kings conjures up the internecine strife which caused the demise of nearly all the northern monarchs of the eighth century. Weaving through this are the joint issues with the Archbishops of York. Ecgberht in particular seems to have overcome the dynastic rivalry of Bernicia and Deira in his succession of issues – with his brother Eadberht, initiator of the potent ‘fantastic beast’ motif, then with the patrician king Æthelwald Moll and Alchred of Bernician descent. Among the great rarities of the coinage offered here (and in Part I) are several iconic motifs of Eadberht, the coinages of Æthelwald Moll and Eardwulf and some of the little known moneyers – such as Hnifula, Æthelheah and Tidwulf – largely underrated despite their extreme scarcity.
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