Hematologic Malignancy
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Modelling of Red Blood Cell Morphological and Deformability Changes During In-Vitro Storage
applied sciences Article Modelling of Red Blood Cell Morphological and Deformability Changes during In-Vitro Storage Nadeeshani Geekiyanage 1 , Emilie Sauret 1,*, Suvash Saha 2 , Robert Flower 3 and YuanTong Gu 1 1 School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; [email protected] (N.G.); [email protected] (Y.G.) 2 School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; [email protected] 3 Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 February 2020; Accepted: 27 April 2020; Published: 4 May 2020 Featured Application: Red blood cell (RBC) storage lesion is a critical issue facing transfusion treatments, and significant changes in RBC morphology and deformability are observed due to the storage lesion. RBCs require high deformability to sustain in-vivo circulation, and impaired deformability leads to several post-transfusion adverse outcomes. Therefore, improved understanding of the interrelation between the morphological and deformability changes and the quality and viability of the stored RBCs is essential to prevent or reduce the transfusion related adverse outcomes. To support this requisite, the influence on RBC deformability due to several aspects of the storage lesion, namely, the changes in cell morphology, surface area and volume, RBC membrane biomechanics, and cytoskeletal structural integrity are explored numerically in this study. Abstract: Storage lesion is a critical issue facing transfusion treatments, and it adversely affects the quality and viability of stored red blood cells (RBCs). -
Cytology of Myeloma Cells
J Clin Pathol: first published as 10.1136/jcp.29.10.916 on 1 October 1976. Downloaded from J. clin. Path., 1976, 29, 916-922 Cytology of myeloma cells F. G. J. HAYHOE AND ZOFIA NEUMAN1 From the Department of Haematological Medicine, Cambridge University SYNOPSIS A cytological, cytochemical, and cytometric study of plasma cells from 195 cases of multiple myeloma showed that, contrary to earlier reports, flaming cells, thesaurocytes, and intra- nuclear inclusions are not confined to IgA-secreting cases but are common also in IgG and Bence Jones varieties of myeloma. IgA-secreting cells are not larger, nor do they have a lower nuclear- cytoplasmic ratio than other myeloma cells. On average, for a given mass of tumour, Bence-Jones, IgG, and IgA varieties of myeloma produce amounts of paraprotein in the ratio 1 to 1 6 to 2-7. In 1961 Paraskevas et al reported a correlation the results of a larger scale survey carried out some between the morphological features of plasma cells years ago but previously unpublished. in myeloma and the type of immunoglobulin secreted. The cases studied included 12 with y1A Material and methods (f2A, IgA) myeloma, 30 with y (IgG) myeloma, and six myelomas without M protein (probably Bence The study was performed on bone marrow smearscopyright. Jones myelomas). Flaming cells, thesaurocytes, and from 200 consecutive patients newly entered into a intranuclear, PAS-positive inclusion bodies were comparative trial of treatments in myeloma, under found only in cases of IgA myeloma, and flaming the auspices of the Medical Research Council. Five cells especially were present in most cases and in patients were subsequently excluded as not confirmed high percentage in several. -
Evidence-Based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol
Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol Project Title: Serum-Free Light Chain Analysis for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis of Plasma Cell Dyscrasias I. Background and Objectives for the Systematic Review Plasma cell dyscrasias (PCDs) are a spectrum of disorders characterized by the expansion of a population of monoclonal bone-marrow plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulins.1 At the benign end of the spectrum is monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), where the plasma-cell clone usually does not expand. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder at the malignant end of the spectrum and is characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of a clone of plasma cells in the bone marrow with resulting end-organ damage, including skeletal destruction (lytic bone lesions), hypercalcemia, anemia, and renal insufficiency. Whereas monoclonal plasma cells generally secrete intact immunoglobulin, in about 20 percent of patients with MM these cells only produce light-chain monoclonal proteins (i.e., light-chain multiple myeloma [LCMM], formerly known as Bence Jones myeloma) and in 3 percent of patients they secrete neither light- nor heavy-chain monoclonal proteins that are detectable by immunofixation (i.e., nonsecretory multiple myeloma [NSMM]).1 In two-thirds of patients with NSMM, a monoclonal protein can be identified by the serum-free light chain (SFLC) assay. Patients with LCMM develop complications related to tissue deposition of light chains, including amyloidosis. Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis seen in the United States and is characterized by a relatively stable, slow-growing plasma-cell clone that secretes light-chain proteins that form Table 1: Diagnostic criteria and clinical course of selected plasma cell dyscrasias (PCDs)2 Disorder Disease Definition Clinical Course Monoclonal gammopathy of . -
Canine Multiple Myeloma
Canine Multiple Myeloma Meredith Maczuzak, DVM; Kenneth S. Latimer, DVM, PhD; Paula M. Krimer, DVM, DVSc; and Perry J. Bain, DVM, PhD Class of 2003 (Maczuzak) and Department of Pathology (Latimer, Krimer, Bain), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7388 Introduction Multiple myeloma or plasma cell myeloma, is a neoplasm of well- differentiated B cell lymphocytes typically originating from the bone marrow. Neoplastic cells can metastasize widely, having a predilection for bone and resulting in osteolysis. The malignant transformation of a single B cell can secrete a homogenous immunoglobulin product known as paraprotein, which will mimic the structure of normal immunoglobulins. Overabundant production of paraprotein, consisting of any of the immunoglobulin classes, will appear as a sharp, well-defined peak or monoclonal gammopathy on serum electrophoresis. The most frequently encountered multiple myelomas secrete IgG or IgA paraproteins, however IgM myelomas (macroglobulinemia) have also been diagnosed in companion animals. Light chain disease is caused by plasma cell overproduction of the light chain segment of the immunoglobulin complex, consisting of either the lambda or kappa light chain. These proteins are referred to as Bence-Jones proteins and are the most commonly observed immunoglobulin fragments in the monoclonal gammopathies.2 There are rare instances where a malignant plasma cell neoplasm will be nonsecretory. These tumors occur in approximately 1% of all cases of multiple myeloma and are referred -
Chapter 7: Hematologic Disorders and Kidney Disease
Chapter 7: Hematologic Disorders and Kidney Disease Ala Abudayyeh, MD,* and Kevin Finkel, MD, FACP, FASN, FCCM*† *Division of General Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and †UTHealth Science Center at Houston Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Houston, Texas MULIPLE MYELOMA chains precipitate with Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) secreted by the thick ascending limb of the Pathogenesis loop of Henle and produce casts in the distal tubule. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malig- Decreased GFR may increase the concentration of nancy involving the pathologic proliferation of light chains in the distal tubule and enhance the terminally differentiated plasma cells. It is the formation of casts. Therefore, hypercalcemia, vol- second most common hematologic malignancy ume depletion, diuretics, and nonsteroidal anti- behind non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with an annual inflammatory drugs can exacerbate renal injury. incidence of 4–7 cases per 100,000 in the United In some cases of AKI associated with MM, cast States. Clinical symptoms are due to osteolysis of formation is rare on renal biopsy. Instead, renal the bone, suppression of normal hematopoiesis, injury is attributed to the direct toxic effects of and the overproduction of monoclonal immuno- urinary free light chains (FLCs) on proximal tubule globulins that deposit in organ tissues. Clinical cells (5,6). After reabsorption, lysosomal degrada- symptoms include bone pain and fractures, anemia, tion of FLCs can activate the NF-kB pathway lead- infections, hypercalcemia, edema, heart failure, and ing to oxidative stress with an inflammatory renal disease. response, apoptosis, and fibrosis. -
Intranuclear Inclusions in Myeloma Patient
Published online: 2021-05-24 Letter to Editor Pathologist’s Feast: Intranuclear Inclusions in Myeloma Patient Sir, aspiration [Figure 2]. Plasma cells showed Dutcher body We present a case of a 36‑year‑old female admitted in bone marrow aspiration [Figure 3] as periodic acid– in hospital with complaints of pain in sacral region Schiff positive intranuclear inclusion [Figure 4]. The bone radiating toward right lower limb for 1 month. Laboratory marrow biopsy showed loss of normal architecture with examination revealed hemoglobin 8.1 g/dL, red blood packed marrow studded by plasma cells [Figure 5]. cell count – 2.61 × 109/mm3, white blood cell count Multiple myeloma account for 1% of all cancers and 16.16 × 103/mm3, and platelet count 299 × 109/mm3. The approximately 10% of all hematological malignancies.[1] The differential showed polymorphs – 74%, lymphocytes – 22%, eosinophils – 1%, and monocytes – 3%. Peripheral blood peak incidence is seventh decade, and it is quite rare, below smear showed rouleaux formation in red blood cells. The 40 years of age. The clinical and biological characteristics serum biochemistry showed blood urea – 54 mg/dl and of multiple myeloma in young patients are similar to those [2] creatinine – 3.8 mg/dl, angiotensin converting enzyme in elderly as in literature in studies by Usha et al. and [3] level – 64.25 U/L, and serum calcium – 13.3 mg/dl. Liver Bladé et al. The above case shows ditcher body inclusions function tests and serum electrolytes were normal and in plasma cells on bone marrow aspiration. HIV and HBsAg were nonreactive. -
Successful Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Harvest and Transplantation After Splenectomy in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma with Hereditary Spherocytosis
International Journal of Myeloma 8(3): 11–15, 2018 CASE REPORT ©Japanese Society of Myeloma Successful autologous peripheral blood stem cell harvest and transplantation after splenectomy in a patient with multiple myeloma with hereditary spherocytosis Daisuke FURUYA1,4, Rikio SUZUKI1,4, Jun AMAKI1, Daisuke OGIYA1, Hiromichi MURAYAMA1,2, Hidetsugu KAWAI1, Akifumi ICHIKI1,3, Sawako SHIRAIWA1, Shohei KAWAKAMI1, Kaito HARADA1, Yoshiaki OGAWA1, Hiroshi KAWADA1 and Kiyoshi ANDO1 Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is the most common inherited red cell membrane disorder worldwide. We herein report a 58-year-old male HS patient with mild splenomegaly who developed symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM). Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) was considered to be adopted against MM, although there was a possibility of splenic rupture following stem cell mobilization. Therefore, splenectomy was performed prior to stem cell harvest, and he was able to safely mobilize sufficient CD34+ cells with G-CSF and plerixafor and undergo ASCT. This case suggests that stem cell mobilization after splenectomy is safe and effective in HS patients complicated with malignancies. Key words: multiple myeloma, hereditary spherocytosis, splenectomy, autologous peripheral blood stem cell harvest Introduction Consolidation with melphalan-based HDT followed by ASCT is still the standard treatment option for transplant-eligible Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by clonal prolifera- patients with MM, leading to higher complete response rates tion of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM) micro- and increased progression-free survival and overall survival environment, monoclonal protein in the blood and/or urine, compared with conventional chemotherapy regimens [2]. bone lesions, and immunodeficiency [1]. In recent years, the Importantly, the emergence of novel agent-based therapy introduction of high-dose chemotherapy (HDT) and autol- combined with ASCT has revolutionized MM therapy [2]. -
Detection of Anemia Disease Using Pso Algorithm and Lbp Texture Analysis
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 120 No. 6 2018, 15-26 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ DETECTION OF ANEMIA DISEASE USING PSO ALGORITHM AND LBP TEXTURE ANALYSIS 1S. Dhanasekaran M.E., 2Dr. N. R. Shanker Ph.D., 1Research Scholar, 2Professor/ Supervisor-Aalim Muhammed Salegh College of Engineering Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu Abstract: Nowadays, patients with anemia disease oxygen from the lungs to different parts of the body and present in the world increased by around 60-70% also to carrying maximum carbon dioxide (CO2) from respectively. The digital image processing technique has different parts of the body to lungs. successfully characterised to introduce new methods for Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is disease analysis has lead to reliable systems and more utilised to differentiatethe patient with schizophrenia, and accurate for anemia disease diagnosis. This paper gives the healthy persons are based on the support vector an algorithm for the automatic detection of anemia machine (SVM) and principal component analysis disease through palm image. For solving such issues, a (PCA). Firstly, PCA is utilized to select the features on PSO algorithm and LBP texture analysis are applied for oxygenated haemoglobin (oxy-Hb) signals from the classification of palm images. There are several features different channel fNIRS data. Secondly, aextraction is are consider based on statistical analysis, i.e. mean, based on SVM is planned to separate the schizophrenia variance and entropy have been extracted. The from a healthy people. -
Clinical Hematology 1
CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY 1 CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY Editor Gamal Abdul Hamid, MD,PhD Associate Professor Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Aden CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY 2 PREFACE Clinical Hematology, first edition is written specifically for medical students, the clinician and resident doctors in training and general practioner. It is a practical guide to the diagnosis and treatment of the most common disorders of red blood cells, white blood cells, hemostasis and blood transfusion medicine. Each disease state is discussed in terms of the pathophysiology, clinical and paraclinical features which support the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. We bring together facts, concepts, and protocols important for the practice of hematology. In addition this book is also supported with review questions and quizzes. G.A-H 2012 CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY 3 CONTENTS Preface 1. Hematopoiesis 7 2. Anemia 26 3. Iron Deficiency Anemia 32 4. Hemolytic Anemia 41 5. Sickle Cell Hemoglobinopathies 49 6. Thalassemia 57 7. Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia 63 8. Acquired Hemolytic Anemia 68 9. Macrocytic Anemia 75 10. Bone Marrow Failure, Panctopenia 87 11. Spleen 95 12. Acute Leukemia 99 13. Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders 125 14. Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorders 137 15. Malignant Lymphoma 147 16. Multiple Myeloma and Related Paraproteinemia 171 17. Hemorrhagic Diseases 179 18. Transfusion Medicine 201 19. Bone Marrow Transplantations 214 CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY 4 Appendices: I. Hematological Tests and Normal Values 221 II. CD Nomenclature for Leukocytes Antigen 226 III. Cytotoxic Drugs 228 IV. Drugs Used in Hematology 230 Glossary 232 Answers 246 Bibliography 247 CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY 5 CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY 6 HEMATOPOIESIS 1 All of the cells in the peripheral blood have finite life spans and thus must be renewed continuously. -
Ghid Incepator Al Celulelor Sanguine.Pdf
A BEGINNER’S GUIDE TO BLOOD CELLS A Beginner’s Guide to Blood Cells 2nd Edition Barbara J. Bain MB BS FRACP FRCPath Reader in Diagnostic Haematology, Department of Haematology St Mary’s Hospital Campus, Imperial College, St Mary’s Hospital, London © 1996, 2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing, Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden, Massachusetts 02148-5020, USA Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of the Author to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 1996 Second edition 2004 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bain, Barbara J. A beginner’s guide to blood cells / Barbara J. Bain. – 2nd ed. p. ; cm. Includes index. ISBN 1-4051-2175-0 1. Hematology–Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Blood cell–Handbooks, manuals, etc. [DNLM: 1. Blood Cells–physiology–Handbooks. 2. Blood Cells Count–methods– Handbooks. 3. Blood Cells–pathology–Handbooks. WH 39 B 162b 2004] I. Title. RB45.B268 2004 616.1¢5–dc22 2004001756 ISBN 1-4051-2175-0 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library Set in 9.5 on 13 pt Trump by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printed and bound in India by Replica Press Pvt. -
Developing a Computer-Based Information System to Improve the Diagnosis of Blood Anemia
I I Developing a Computer-based Information System to Improve the Diagnosis of Blood Anemia By Bashar Abdallah Issa Khawaldeh Supervisor Dr. Basim Alhadidi This Thesis is submitted to the Department of Computer Information Systems, Faculty of Information Technology, Middle East University in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the degree of Master Degree in Computer Information System. Department of Computer Information Systems Faculty of Information Technology Middle East University (May 201 3) Amman – Jordan II III IV V VI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Basim Alhadidi for his support, encouragement, proofreading of thesis drafts, and helping me throughout my thesis, and so directing to the right track of Image processing. I thank the Information Technology Faculty members at the Middle East University for Graduate Studies; I thank my father and my mother for their continued support during my study. VII DEDICATION All praise belongs to Allah and all thanks to Allah. I dedicate this work to Parents, brothers, sisters, relatives, friends, and to all those who helped, supported and taught me. VIII Table of Contents Developing a Computer- based Information System to Improve the Diagnosis of Blood Anemia .…. I ………………………………….……..…................... .. ...... ………………...………………………..…….………. II Authorization Statement ………………………………………………….…………...………………………...…..…….……. III Examination Committee Decision ………………..…………………...…………………………………...……...…..…... IV Declaration ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... -
Namib La University of Science and Technology
nAmIB lA UnIVERSITY OF SCIEnCE AnD TECHnOLOGY FACULTY OF HEALTH AND APPLIED SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SCIENCES QUALIFICATION: BACHELOR OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES QUALIFICATION CODE: SOBBMS LEVEL: 6 COURSE CODE: HAM210S COURSE NAME: HAEMATOLOGY 1 SESSION: JUNE 2016 PAPER: THEORY DURATION: 3 HOURS MARKS: 100 FIRST OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER EXAMINER($) MR.MARTIN GONZO MODERATOR: MR. MUNYARADZI MUKESI INSTRUCTIONS 1. Answer ALL the questions. 2. Write clearly and neatly. 3. Number the answers clearly. PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 7 PAGES (Including this front page} SECTION A [25] MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS QUESTION 1 [20] Answer ALL questions. Each correct answer is worth ONE mark. 1.1. Which of the following is TRUE for haemopoiesis? (1) a) In the first few weeks of development the long bones are the main site of haemopoiesis b) In adult life all the bone marrow is haemopoietic c) During childhood there is progressive fatty replacement of ma rrow in the long bones d) In adult life haemopoietic marrow is confined to the central skeleton only e) Red marrow forms only red blood cells 1.2. A full blood count was done and the results were as follow: red blood cells 2.86 X1012/L, red cell distribution width 23% and the mean cell volume 65 fl. Select the expected red blood cell morphologies for the above results: (1) a) Severe anisocytosis and spherocytosis b) Howell-Jolly bodies and anisocytosis c) Microcytes with anisocytosis d) Microcytosis with normal size red blood cells e) Microcytosis and target cells 1.3. Juvenile red blood cells are reticulocytes.