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Pre- and Post-Visit Materials for Middle and High School Exhibition Pre- and Post-Visit Materials for Middle and High School Exhibition on View January 18–May 5, 2013 Roman Vishniac Rediscovered Pre-/Post-Visit Materials January 2013 Dear Educator, We are pleased to introduce and welcome you to the International Center of Photography’s (ICP) Winter 2013 exhibitions, Roman Vishniac Rediscovered and We Went Back: Photographs from Europe 1933–1956 by Chim. To better acquaint you and your students with the content of the exhibitions, ICP provides Guided Tours and Self-Guided Tours. Led by Museum Educators, tours are tailored to the needs of each group by integrating selected themes from the exhibitions into identified goals and classroom learning standards. Tours are conducted in an inquiry-based discussion format, encouraging students to discover visual information and realize multiple interpretations and meanings. In an effort to provide you with the most comprehensive museum-based learning experience, we create pre-visit activities designed as a starting point from which you and your students can view and discuss our exhibitions, and post-visit activities designed to transfer their museum experience to classroom learning and projects. While these materials provide a framework for exploring the themes presented in the exhibitions, we encourage you to modify them to the needs of your students. This packet contains activities designed for Roman Vishniac Rediscovered. To schedule a tour, please refer to the Tour Guidelines and Information (pages 20–22) and visit us online at www.icp.org/museum/education/group-tours to submit a request form. For more information about our programs, please email [email protected] or call 212.857.0005. We look forward to welcoming you and your students to ICP! Sincerely, Lacy Austin Carly Goldman Director of Community Programs Coordinator of Community Programs Cover: Roman Vishniac, [Jewish schoolchildren, Mukacevo], ca. 1935–38. © Mara Vishniac Kohn. Courtesy International Center of Photography. 1 Roman Vishniac Rediscovered Pre-/Post-Visit Materials Introduction More than any other photographer, Roman Vishniac’s images have profoundly influenced contemporary notions of Jewish life in Eastern Europe. Vishniac created the most widely recognized and reproduced photographic record of that world on the eve of its annihilation, yet only a small fraction of his work was published or printed during his lifetime. Known primarily for this poignant record, Vishniac was in fact a remarkably versatile and innovative photographer. His body of work spans more than five decades, ranging from early engagements with European modernism in the 1920s to highly inventive color photomicroscopy in the 1950s and ’60s. Roman Vishniac Rediscovered introduces a radically diverse body of work—much of it only recently discovered—and repositions Vishniac’s iconic photographs of Eastern European Jewry within a broader tradition of 1930s social documentary photography. Born in 1897 to an affluent Russian-Jewish family, Vishniac was raised in Moscow, where he studied zoology and biology. He immigrated to Berlin in 1920 in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution. As an amateur photographer he took to the streets, offering witty and wry visual commentary on his adopted city while experimenting with new approaches to framing and composition. As Vishniac documented the Nazi rise to power, foreboding signs of oppression soon became a focal point of his work. In 1935, he was commissioned by the European headquarters of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (AJDC)—the world’s largest Jewish relief organization—to photograph impoverished Jewish communities in Eastern Europe. Vishniac’s four years of work on the project yielded the celebrated images that have largely defined his photographic legacy. Arriving in New York on New Year’s Day 1941, Vishniac opened a portrait studio, working to make ends meet by documenting American Jewish communal and immigrant life, while establishing himself as a pioneer in the field of photomicroscopy. In 1947, he returned to Europe and documented Jewish Displaced Persons’ Camps, the efforts of Holocaust survivors to rebuild their lives, emigration and relief efforts, and the ruins of Berlin. Roman Vishniac Rediscovered is a comprehensive reappraisal of Vishniac’s total photographic output, from his early years in Berlin through the postwar period in America. The exhibition is drawn from the Roman Vishniac archive at ICP and serves as an introduction to this vast assemblage comprising more than 30,000 objects, including recently discovered vintage prints, rare moving film footage, contact sheets, personal correspondence, and exhibition prints made from his recently digitized negatives. Roman Vishniac Rediscovered is organized by ICP Adjunct Curator Maya Benton. This exhibition is made possible with support from Mara Vishniac Kohn, whose generosity founded the Roman Vishniac Archive at ICP, and from the Andrew and Marina Lewin Family Foundation, Estanne and Martin Fawer, The David Berg Foundation, Righteous Persons Foundation, National Endowment for the Arts, Olitsky Family Foundation, the ICP Exhibitions Committee, James and Merryl Tisch, Koret Foundation, Caryl and Israel Englander, Taube Foundation for Jewish Life and Culture of the Jewish Community Endowment Fund, Tamar and Eric Goldstein, Laura and Murray Huberfeld, additional anonymous donors, and by public funds from the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs in partnership with the City Council. We also acknowledge the continued collaboration of our partner, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, with whom we are developing a shared digital database of the Vishniac holdings at ICP. 2 Roman Vishniac Rediscovered Pre-/Post-Visit Materials Pre-Visit Lesson: What’s the Story? Grade Level: • Middle to High School Suggested Subject Areas: • Arts, History, Language Arts, Social Studies Objectives: • To engage in close-looking and visual analysis of photographic works. • To consider how a photographer’s choices and motives influence his or her work. • To become familiar with the work of Roman Vishniac. Key Questions: • What can photographs tell us about life in a particular time and place? What can’t they tell us? • How do the choices a photographer makes influence the story being told? Suggested Timeframe: • One class session Materials: • Several photographs by Roman Vishniac (see “Images for Classroom Use” on pages 12–18) • Paper and pencil • Newspapers, magazines, or Internet for researching news images Roman Vishniac Rediscovered Pre-/Post-Visit Materials Procedure: 1. Present students with one of the photographs by Roman Vishniac included in this packet, such as Fish is the Favored Food for the Kosher Table, ca. 1935-38, or Haberdashery in the Open Market, Warsaw, ca. 1935-38. 2. Ask each student to choose one “character” in the photograph (it could be a person, animal, or object) and write a monologue from that character’s point of view. In drafting their monologues, student should consider: • What do you imagine the character is thinking or feeling? • How does the character interact with or relate to the other people or objects in the photograph? • What clues are there in the photograph to help you figure out what’s happening or when and where the action is taking place? 3. Invite several students to read their monologues out loud to the class. You might ask the reader to refrain from identifying the main character at first and have the other students try to guess the character based on the reading. 4. Engage students in a discussion about the content of the photograph: • What do you see in the photograph? • When and where do you think it might have been taken? What clues are there to support your answers? • What can you tell about the people in the photograph? • Does anything about the photograph surprise you? • Does it remind you of anything you’ve seen before? • What questions does it raise for you? 5. Ask students to think about what makes the photograph visually engaging: • What draws you in—the expressions, the gestures, the shapes, the lines? • Is there movement in the photograph? Where? • How has the photographer divided up or organized the different parts of the picture? • Do you like the photograph? Why or why not? 6. Explain that this photograph was taken by Roman Vishniac, a photographer and scientist who was born in Russia in 1897, immigrated to Germany as a young man, and later came to the United States, where he lived until 1990. (You can find more information about Vishniac on the websites listed in the “Web Resources” section of this packet.) Vishniac photographed street scenes and daily life in Germany and the United States, but he was best-known for his pictures of Eastern European Jews taken during the late 1930s, including the one just examined. Show students some of Vishniac’s other photographs 4 Roman Vishniac Rediscovered Pre-/Post-Visit Materials taken during that period. Vishniac’s photos tell stories—stories about the individuals in the photographs but also broader stories about people and communities in particular times and places. Ask students what they think his pictures communicate about Eastern European Jewish life in the 1930s. 7. Of course, we still use photographs to tell stories today—whether they’re the photos we see in museums, in the news, or through social media. Divide the class into small groups, and ask each group to find three or more news photos (in newspapers, magazines, or online) that all depict the same recent event (each group can choose
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