DOCSLIB.ORG

Singapore's Response to the Global War for Talent

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Singapore's Response to the Global War for Talent International Journal of Educational Development 31 (2011) 262–268 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Educational Development journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijedudev Singapore’s response to the global war for talent: Politics and education Pak Tee Ng * National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1, Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Republic of Singapore ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: This paper describes and analyses how Singapore engages in the global war for talent. The paper Talent discusses how Singapore demonstrates a Foucauldian perspective of ‘governmentality’ in trying to Globalisation mould citizens into a way of thinking that is geared suitably to an engagement in a global talent war. It Singapore Meritocracy first examines the social, political and economic thinking of the government in responding to the talent Education policy war. It then analyses more deeply the initiatives in the education system to support the national strategy in competing globally for talent. It also discusses the challenges ahead for Singapore in this talent war. ß 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction respond to the challenges of developing local talents, retaining them and simultaneously assimilating foreign talents. 1.1. Purpose of paper 1.2. The global war for talent This paper describes and analyses how Singapore engages in a global war for talent. Against a backdrop of a global talent war, it The rhetoric of a global war for talent and the emergence of a discusses how Singapore demonstrates a Foucauldian perspective new type of global meritocracy (e.g. Brown and Hesketh, 2004; of ‘governmentality’ in trying to mould citizens into a way of Brown and Tannock, 2009; Florida, 2005) have mobilised many thinking that is geared suitably to an engagement in this war. It governments to change social and economic policies in order to first examines the social, political and economic thinking of the attract and retain talent. Such policies include changes to the government in responding to the talent war. It then analyses more education system in order to both develop local talent as well as to deeply the initiatives in the education system to support the attract foreign talent. The idea of a ‘global war for talent’ enters into national strategy in competing globally for talent. It also discusses the political discourse of many nations in recent history, partially the challenges ahead for Singapore in the global war for talent. due to the rise of the idea of the knowledge age and the knowledge The sources of information used in this paper are key worker (Drucker, 1998, 2000; Reich, 1991). The common government speeches, press statements, and commentaries about assumption behind the relationship between education and the Singapore’s governance, social dynamics and education system knowledge economy is that of a human capital model in which published in scholarly books and academic journals. The argu- ‘learning’ and ‘earning’ are positively correlated (Becker, 1993). ments and conclusions in this paper are formulated through a The more skills and credentials one has, the more one can critical analysis of these sources of information, using a contribute to the productive economy and the higher one’s income Foucauldian perspective. The author believes that this paper adds as a reflection of that contribution (Becker, 2006). There are those value to the global research community because through such a who are critical of human capital theories (e.g. Berg, 1970; Collins, case study, researchers could draw insights into how a country 1979). But the fact remains that many nations do exhibit could respond to global war for talent. In particular, the case study behaviours of amassing talents for their own economic and of Singapore presents the sensitive social and political dynamics of developmental needs (Brown and Tannock, 2009). attracting foreign talents into a country, especially when a portion But the war is not about the average knowledge worker. It is of the local population feels that they are deprived of economic about the talented knowledge worker. Florida (2005, p. 26) opines benefits by the foreigners. The paper is also important to the local that the world has entered ‘‘the creative age because the key factor education community because it presents subtle issues that local propelling us forward is the rise of creativity as the prime mover of educators will have to grapple with as globalisation affects the our economy’’. It is the ‘creative talent’ that really enhances education system. In particular, local educators will have to economic competitiveness. In the same tone, Cohen (2001, xvi) opines that ‘‘the talent of top performers has become the critical difference between those companies that grow and innovate, and * Tel.: +65 67903252; fax: +65 68969151. those that falter or merely survive’’. In fact, there are suggestions E-mail address: [email protected]. that the majority of the productive performance of a company 0738-0593/$ – see front matter ß 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2010.05.009 P.T. Ng / International Journal of Educational Development 31 (2011) 262–268 263 comes from the contribution of a minority of talented top citizens into a way of thinking that is geared suitably to an performers (Michaels et al., 2001). Therefore, in many countries, engagement in a global talent war. It first examines the social, comprehensive primary and secondary schooling have been political and economic thinking of the government in responding abandoned as middle and upper class families seek to position to the talent war. It then analyses more deeply the initiatives in the their children in the most desirable and prestigious schools and education system to support the national strategy in competing programmes, so that they could one day become well sought after globally for talent. It also discusses the challenges ahead for global talent (Ball, 2003; Brown, 2000; Tomlinson, 2007). Singapore in this talent war. For nation-states, competing in the global war for talent entails making what are sometimes radical changes in immigration, 2. Singapore’s social, political and economic responses education, economic and social policy in order to attract and retain talented people, reinforcing the hegemonic development model of The global war for talent is part of the wider globalisation the competition state (Abella, 2006; Lavenex, 2007; Schaar, 2006). phenomenon. While globalisation appears to be a macro discourse, Rich nations have shown an increasing propensity to procure it could only be discussed effectively with reference to the local skilled labour that has been developed and paid for by other, often context (Beck, 2002). Therefore, the response of Singapore to the much poorer countries (Kapur and McHale, 2005; Florida, 2005). global war for talent is situated in its local social, economic and Rich countries are increasingly recruiting skilled immigrants to political calculations. The ruling People Action Party (PAP) take on the jobs that the citizens are rejecting. But, with the government has been described as pragmatic (Neo and Chen, liberalisation of global high skill labour markets, high skill jobs in 2007), elitist (Barr, 2006), authoritarian (Rodan, 2004) and rich nations that citizens want are also no longer their exclusive controlling (Trocki, 2006). What works is what counts. Therefore, preserve, but may increasingly be filled by immigrants from the Singapore government’s response to globalisation has been overseas. Even high skill work could be relocated in low wage described as the ‘‘metapragmatics of globalisation’’ (Koh, 2007). In destinations in poorer nations, leading not to a ‘high skill, high fact, instead of being overwhelmed by the tides of globalisation, wage’ future but a ‘high skill, low wage’ future instead (Brown the Singapore government believes that it can anticipate and turn et al., 2006). globalisation to its advantage (Bellows, 1995). It demonstrates a This global war for talent therefore promotes a global Foucauldian perspective of ‘governmentality’, where the term meritocracy that drives escalating levels of inequality throughout ‘governmentality’ is not narrowly confined to the jurisdiction of a the world, both globally and locally within countries and regions. territory, but the management of ‘‘...men in their relation to those The world is currently experiencing a form of global meritocracy other things that are customs, habits, ways of acting and thinking, because talent is no longer restricted by space in a flattened world and so on...’’ (Foucault, 2000, p. 209). In other words, the art of (Friedman, 2005). Those defined as the ‘best’ are disproportion- government is about managing people’s thinking and conduct, ately rewarded as the war for talent devalues everything other which ‘‘takes precedence over all other aspects of government than ‘top’ performance (Brown and Hesketh, 2004). The idea of ‘flat because once people are mould into a way of behaving and earth’ does not equate ‘level playing field’. The global war for talent thinking it would be easy to marshal resources for the ideological promotes inequality, rather than reduces it. UNESCO (2000) purposes of the state’’ (Koh, 2007, p. 183). This section now reported that developed nations accounted for 16% of the world’s explores the social, political and economic thinking of the population, but 79% of public education expenditure. According to Singapore government in responding to the talent war. Docquier and Marfouk (2005, pp. 167–8), global high skilled One of the clearest political discourses that demonstrated how migration increased at a rate of two and a half times faster than low Singapore was affected by a global talent war was the 1997 skilled migration between 1990 and 2000. By 2000, the college- National Day Rally speech, given by Goh Chok Tong, who was then educated made up 34.6% of immigrants to OECD countries, up from Prime Minister. He said: 29.8% in 1990, and far out of proportion to the 11.3% of the world’s overall labour force that they represented.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • STATE of HEALTH Report of the Director of Medical 2003 - 2012 Services
    STATE OF HEALTH STATE Report of the Director of Medical Services of Medical of the Director Report State of Health Report of the Director of Medical Services 2003 - 2012 2003 - 2012 Ministry Of Health (College Of Medicine Building) 16 College Road ISBN 978-981-07-6828-7 Singapore 169854 9 789810 768287 College of Medicine Building Ministry of Health Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Foreword by Director 01 of Medical Services 05 Overview of the 15 Control of Health Status in Communicable Singapore Diseases Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 27 Surveillance and 35 Health Services 49 Healthcare Standards Control of Chronic Planning, Delivery and Clinical Quality Diseases and Cancers and Development Improvement Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 61 Promoting Medical and 71 Healthcare Manpower 83 Health Regulation and Health Services Research Standards and Enforcement Development Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Selected Speeches 95 Emergency Preparedness, 105 International 111 Response and Medical Cooperation Support for National Events – 01 – Contents Foreword The last annual report of the Director of Medical challenges underscored the importance of a high level Services, entitled “State of Health”, was published in of vigilance and surveillance. Some of these included 2001. Major events involving the Ministry of Health Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003, (MOH) were subsequently documented annually in the first report of indigenous chikungunya fever in the Singapore Yearbook published by then Ministry of Singapore in 2008 and the arrival of the first influenza A Information, Communications and the Arts. Publications (H1N1-2009) pandemic of the 21st century in 2009. however ceased from 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Section
    POSITIONED FOR GROWTH 1 Key Figures FY 2009 -10 Revenue Economic Value Added $1,538.9m +45%$67.2m +156% Operating Profi t Dividend Per Share $184.4m +8% 13¢ +30% PATMI Dividend Payout Ratio $181.2m +23% 78.1% +4.6PPT Free Cashfl ow Earnings Per Share $190.1m +22% 16.7¢ +23% Total Assets Return On Equity $1,909.1m -7% 12.6% +2.1PPT 2 SATS ANNUAL REPORT 2009-10 POSITIONED FOR GROWTH 3 Creating Sustainable Value At SATS, we continue to drive excellence in our operations and processes, while strengthening our core capabilities in Gateway Services and Food Solutions to create sustainable value for our shareholders. Left page: Premium passengers of our airline customers can enjoy the exclusivity and convenience of checking in at SATS Premier Check-in Lounges. Right page: Tempting treats from UK’s Farmhouse Fare, renowned for its delicious range of traditional puddings made from fresh, quality ingredients. 4 SATS ANNUAL REPORT 2009-10 Enriching Relationships It has always been our founding belief to grow with our customers, deliver superior value propositions and enable their success, as it in turn enables ours. Left page: SFI has been providing hearty and wholesome meals to the Singapore Armed Forces since 1986. Right page: Providing personalised care and attention, our frontline staff strive to create a distinctive and enjoyable experience for every passenger. POSITIONED FOR GROWTH 5 6 SATS ANNUAL REPORT 2009-10 POSiTiONEd fOR GROwTH 7 Inspiring Innovation Innovation is the cornerstone of our continued success. We encourage creativity amongst our people and bring their passionate ideas to life with the creation of new services and products.
    [Show full text]
  • Real-Time Epidemic Monitoring and Forecasting of H1N1-2009 Using Influenza-Like Illness from General Practice and Family Doctor Clinics in Singapore
    Real-Time Epidemic Monitoring and Forecasting of H1N1-2009 Using Influenza-Like Illness from General Practice and Family Doctor Clinics in Singapore Jimmy Boon Som Ong1, Mark I-Cheng Chen1,2,3, Alex R. Cook4*, Huey Chyi Lee4, Vernon J. Lee3,5,6, Raymond Tzer Pin Lin7, Paul Ananth Tambyah8, Lee Gan Goh8,9 1 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, 2 Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 3 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 4 Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 5 Biodefence Centre, Ministry of Defence, Singapore, Singapore, 6 National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, 7 National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore, 8 Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, 9 College of Family Physicians, Singapore, Singapore Abstract Background: Reporting of influenza-like illness (ILI) from general practice/family doctor (GPFD) clinics is an accurate indicator of real-time epidemic activity and requires little effort to set up, making it suitable for developing countries currently experiencing the influenza A (H1N1 -2009) pandemic or preparing for subsequent epidemic waves. Methodology/Principal Findings: We established a network of GPFDs in Singapore. Participating GPFDs submitted returns via facsimile or e-mail on their work days using a simple, standard data collection format, capturing: gender; year of birth; ‘‘ethnicity’’; residential status; body temperature (uC); and treatment (antiviral or not); for all cases with a clinical diagnosis of an acute respiratory illness (ARI). The operational definition of ILI in this study was an ARI with fever of 37.8uC or more.
    [Show full text]
  • Combating SARS and H1N1: Insights and Lessons from Singapore's Public Health Control Measures Lai, Allen Yu-Hung; Tan, Teck Boon
    www.ssoar.info Combating SARS and H1N1: insights and lessons from Singapore's public health control measures Lai, Allen Yu-Hung; Tan, Teck Boon Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Lai, A.-H., & Tan, T. B. (2012). Combating SARS and H1N1: insights and lessons from Singapore's public health control measures. ASEAS - Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 5(1), 74-101. https:// doi.org/10.4232/10.ASEAS-5.1-5 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de Diese Version ist zitierbar unter / This version is citable under: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-312475 ASEAS 5(1) Aktuelle Südostasienforschung / Current Research on South-East Asia Combating SARS and H1N1: Insights and Lessons From Singapore’s Public Health Control Measures Allen Yu-Hung Lai1 & Teck Boon Tan2 Citation Lai, A. Y.-H., & Tan, T. B. (2012). Combating SARS and H1N1: Insights and Lessons From Singapore’s Public Health Control Measures. ASEAS - Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 5(1), 74-101. Combating the outbreak of infectious diseases is a major public health imperative for the small island-state of Singapore. In this paper we discuss and assess the public health measures taken by the Singaporean government to combat the outbreak of SARS in 2003 and H1N1 in 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Value Appreciating
    VALUE ANNUAL REPORT 09 REPORT ANNUAL WING TAI HOLDINGS LIMITED APPRECIATING APPRECIATING WING TAI HOLDINGS LIMITED annual report 2009 LEADING POINTS 01 Chairman’s Message 03 Corporate Data 04 Board of Directors 06 Key Management AFFIRMING FUNDAMENTALS 08 Corporate Governance SPREADING INFLUENCE 12 Calendar of Events GROWING PRESENCE 13 Property WELCOMING STAY 15 Hospitality DEFINING QUALITY 16 Retail + Lifestyle TELLING FACTS 17 Financial Reports ON THE COVER: Superbly sited Ascentia Sky dominates the Tanglin skyline and charms with its lush sky gardens. CHAIRMAN’S MESSAGE The Singapore economy grew by 1.1% in 2008 and real GDP expanded an annualised 20.7% in the second quarter of 2009, after four consecutive quarters of contraction. OVERVIEW The Singapore economy grew by 1.1% in units available for sale at VisionCrest Residence in Singapore 2008 and real GDP expanded an annualised 20.7% in the and the lower contribution from USI Holdings in Hong second quarter of 2009, after four consecutive quarters of Kong. The Group’s net profit attributable to shareholders for contraction. Given a subdued global economic outlook for the the current year was S$21 million as compared to S$229.3 rest of the year due to rippled effects of the global financial million in the previous year. Excluding the fair value gains/ crisis, the Singapore economy is expected to contract by 4% losses on investment properties, the underlying net profit of to 6% in 2009. the Group was S$108.9 million in the current year, compared New home sales in Singapore fell from 14,811 units in to S$157.8 million in the previous year.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukay Perdana Shear Zone in Kuala Lumpur: a Crustal-Scale Marker of Early Jurassic Orogenic Deformation in Peninsular Malaysia
    Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, Volume 69, May 2020, pp. 135 - 147 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7186/bgsm69202012 The Ukay Perdana Shear Zone in Kuala Lumpur: A crustal-scale marker of early Jurassic orogenic deformation in Peninsular Malaysia 1,* 2 3 4 A. Graham Leslie , Marcus R. Dobbs , Ng Tham Fatt , Qalam A’zad Rosle , Muhammad Ramzanee Mohd Noh4, Thomas J.H. Dodd1, Martin R. Gillespie1 ¹ British Geological Survey, the Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK 2 British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK 3 Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4 Dept. of Mineral & Geoscience Malaysia, Selangor & W. Persekutuan, 6th & 7th Floor, Bangunan Darul Ehsan, No.3, Jln. Indah, Section 14, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor D.E., Malaysia * Corresponding author email address: [email protected] Abstract: A ‘top-to-the-east’ ultramylonite zone is identified in north-eastern Kuala Lumpur and named here as the ‘Ukay Perdana Shear Zone (UPSZ). The UPSZ is at least 250–300 m thick, east-verging, and superimposed on the later stages of assembly of the c. 200 Ma S-type ‘Western Belt’ granite plutons generated by crustal thickening and assigned to the Main Range Granite Province. Younger bodies of S-type granitic rocks cut the shear zone. These intensely deformed quartzofeldspathic rocks contain distinctive relict porphyroclasts of perthitic K-feldspar (microcline), oligoclase and quartz, entrained within the ultramylonitic fabric. Migrating sub-grain boundaries in quartz indicate deformation occurred under moderate to high temperature conditions during ductile deformation (c.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaming in the Asia-Pacific: What’S at Stake
    www.spireresearch.com Gaming in the Asia-Pacific: What’s at stake © 2010 Spire Research and Consulting Pte Ltd Gaming in the Asia-Pacific: What’s at Stake The recent opening of Singapore’s two casinos has raised the stakes in Asia’s lucrative gaming market. Macau has already surpassed Las Vegas in gaming revenues. However controversy continues to dog the industry, as seen in voters rejecting a casino proposal in Penghu Country, Taiwan. Spire takes a look at the state of play in Asian and emerging market gaming. Asian Gaming: Poised to advance? Gaming is a multi-billion dollar industry world-wide, one where emerging countries have already begun to challenge the dominance of Las Vegas. Japan has long played host to an enormously lucrative pachinko parlour industry. In many countries, national lotteries (in some cases linked to national governments) generate massive revenues. It is anecdotally observed that online gaming is growing explosively, with a large share of customers originating in Asia. And of course casinos-cum-integrated resorts have mushroomed across the region, supported by governments anxiously pursuing the tourist dollar. However the gaming industry continues to be dogged by controversy. Its opponents cite its tendency to be associated with organized crime. The US Mafia famously played a leading role in the inception of Las Vegas in the 1950s, though that role is now much diminished. NGOs bemoan how gaming can give rise to the social problem of compulsive gambling. Closer to home, residents of Penghu county in Taiwan rejected a proposal to build a casino in a referendum held in September 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2009 Contents
    AnnuAl RepoRt 2009 Contents 01 Our Manifesto 06 Chairman’s Address 08 The Council 10 Membership and Corporate Affairs 14 Engaging Logistics Companies & Professionals 18 Engaging Institutions & Academia 20 Engaging Industry Organisations & Partners 24 Engaging Government Agencies 30 Engaging International Organisations & Businesses 35 LEAD-Local Enterprise and Association Development Programme 44 Independent Auditors’ Report 58 Members Our Manifesto There is no more exciting way to live than to face new challenges everyday. To know all your intellect, resources, and experience will be tested like never before. To know you can overcome any adversity, and learn from it. To know that without you the world would be a poorer place. To know you are a rare individual who can fulfill your full potential. To know that everything is possible, because I can, you can, We CAn. Who can transport the world’s fastest cars and light up Singapore with just seconds to spare? You can. 02 SInGAPORE logistics ASSOCIATIOn AnnuAL Report 2009 Who can move 14 trucks of sound equipment from two cities in one night? You can. AnnuAL Report 2009 SInGAPORE logistics ASSOCIATIOn 03 Who can make sure that 36 wedding dresses from 4 continents arrive in time for the catwalk? You can. 04 SInGAPORE logistics ASSOCIATIOn AnnuAL Report 2009 Who can put this live mud crab caught fresh in Sri lanka onto your dinner table before the sun sets? You can. AnnuAL Report 2009 SInGAPORE logistics ASSOCIATIOn 05 Chairman’s Address “ the Association took an unprecedented first exciting step in 2009 to raise our profile from being under- leveraged, under-valued and under-communicated, to being recognised as a significant brand that is indispensable to Singapore’s economy and our very way of life.” 06 SInGAPORE logistics ASSOCIATIOn AnnuAL Report 2009 The Singapore economy was on the mend professional.
    [Show full text]
  • Technologies for Climate Change Mitigation – Building Sector –
    TNA Guidebook Series Technologies for Climate Change Mitigation – Building Sector – Technologies for Climate Change Mitigation – Building Sector – Author Wynn Chi-Nguyen Cam August 2012 UNEP Risø Centre on Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development Department of Management Engineering Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Building 142 DTU Risø Campus Frederiksborgvej 399 P.O. Box: 49 4000 Roskilde Denmark Phone +45 4677 5129 Fax +45 4632 1999 http://www.uneprisoe.org/ http://tech-action.org/ ISBN: 978-87-92706-57-7 Design and production: Magnum Custom Publishing New Delhi, India [email protected] Photo acknowledgement: Front cover and back cover photos: Courtesy of Wynn Chi-Nguyen Cam This guidebook can be downloaded from http://tech-action.org/ Disclaimer: This Guidebook is intended to help developing country governments, planners, and stakeholders who are carrying out technology needs assessment and technology action plans for preparing good project ideas and accessing international funding for climate change mitigation. The findings, suggestions, and conclusions presented in this publication are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the Global Environment Facility (GEF) which funded the production of this publication. Contents List of Tables and Figures v Preface ix Acknowledgements xi Executive Summary xiii 1. Introduction and Outline 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Book outline 3 2. Summary of Key Findings on the Contribution of the Building Sector towards Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) 5 2.1 Status and trends at the global scale 5 2.2 Understanding GHG emissions at building scale 6 2.3 Understanding barriers to mitigation 11 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Bsc (Honours) Tourism Management
    Sheffield Business School BSc (Honours) Tourism Management Title A comparative study of the tourism products between Hong Kong and Singapore Name LI, Wing Kei Student No 91206661 Month Year April 2011 Page １ / 59 Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield Business School Title A comparative study of the tourism products between Hong Kong and Singapore FULL NAME LI, Wing Kei STUDENT No 91206661 Supervisor: Dr. Connie Mok In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management. Month Year April 2011 Page ２ / 59 Acknowledgements This dissertation can be finished that was supported of the following people. Firstly, I would like to thank my dissertation supervisor, Dr. Connie Mok. Without her patience and tolerance to guild me get the right direction, I would ever complete this dissertation. Also, the valuable lesson of Learning Set and the analytical skills were taught by her, it was most important guideline of this dissertation. Secondly, I would like to thank Miss Iris Cheung, who always provides the important information such as the deadline of handing in this dissertation. Lastly, I would like to thank my parents and friends. When I had problems, they always stand by me and support me. Their support was the motivation for me to finish this dissertation. Page ３ / 59 Table of Contents Page Acknowledgements Section 1. Executive Summary 1 Section 2. Introduction 2.1 Background 3 2.2 Aim 4 2.3 The objective of the project 5 Section 3. Literature Review 3.1 Compare the tourism products between Hong Kong
    [Show full text]
  • South American Apple Snails, Pomacea Spp
    South American apple snails, Pomacea spp. (Ampullariidae), in Singapore T.H. Ng1, S.K. Tan2 and D.C.J. Yeo1 1Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543. Email: [email protected], [email protected] 2Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore 117377 Abstract South American apple snails, Pomacea spp. (Ampullariidae) have been established in Singapore since the late 1980s. Based on molecular analyses and shell morphology, two species of Pomacea (P. canaliculata and P. maculata) have been found. The introduction of Pomacea to Singapore was probably accidental via the aquarium trade. Their current status and distribution in Singapore are summarised herein. In highly urbanised Singapore, the species have not caused obvious environmental damage, in contrast to the agricultural damage they have caused in rice plantations throughout neighbouring Southeast Asian countries. Nevertheless, the introduced Pomacea are now widespread throughout the island city-state, and may be competing with the native Southeast Asian ampullariid, Pila scutata, which has declined since the arrival of Pomacea. Other potential impacts of Pomacea spp. in Singapore include modification of wetland habitat and acting as vectors of human disease. Some measures to remove Pomacea in localised areas have been initiated. However, eradication of these introduced apple snails appears difficult, if not impossible. Additional keywords: introduced, invasive, gastropod, freshwater, Mollusca 221 Introduction There are some 25 species of freshwater gastropods in the island city-state of Singapore, the largest of which are species of the family Ampullariidae (Tan & Woo, 2010; Tan et al., 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • UNESCO Office Jakarta: Annual Report, 2010; 2011
    JAK/2011/PI/H/4 1 6ccjVa GZedgi 2010 JC:H8DD[ÒXZ!?V`VgiV FOREWORD / / INTERNATIONAL YEAR FOR THE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES I]ZJc^iZYCVi^dch<ZcZgVa6hhZbWanegdXaV^bZY'%&%i]Z>ciZgcVi^dcVaNZVg[dgi]ZGVeegdX]ZbZci d[8jaijgZh#JC:H8DeaVnZYVaZVY^c\gdaZ^ci]ZXZaZWgVi^dcd[i]ZNZVg!l]^X]V^bZYidVYkVcXZÆi]Z bjijVa`cdlaZY\ZVcYjcYZghiVcY^c\d[eZdeaZhÇVcYYZbdchigViZYi]ZWZcZÒihd[XjaijgVaY^kZgh^inWn VX`cdlaZY\^c\i]Z^bedgiVcXZd[h]Vg^c\VcYZmX]Vc\^c\WZilZZcXjaijgZh#I]^h6ccjVaGZedgiV^bh idXZaZWgViZi]ZkVg^djhVcYY^kZghZXjaijgZhVcYXjaijgVaegVXi^XZhi]gdj\]djii]ZXdjcig^ZhXdkZgZY Wni]ZJC:H8DD[ÒXZ!?V`VgiV#I]gdj\]egdk^Y^c\VcVggVi^kZd[i]Zldg`jcYZgiV`ZcWni]ZkVg^djh 2 jc^ihdkZgi]ZXdjghZd['%&%!lZXVcVXXdjci[dgi]ZkVhiY^[[ZgZcXZhWZilZZci]ZeZdeaZh^ci]Z gZ\^dc!l]^X]l^aa\dhdbZlVnid]Zae^c\jhjcYZghiVcY!WZ]daYVcYVeegZX^ViZi]ZXjaijgVaY^kZgh^in i]gdj\]djii]ZVgZV# 8DK:G>C;DGB6I>DC BV^cE^XijgZ/ BZaVhi^8ZgZbdcn 67Va^cZhZ=^cYj^hbgZa^\^djhXZgZbdcnidejg^[nVaai]ZZaZbZcihd[i]^hjc^kZghZWnWg^c\^c\ i]ZhnbWdahd[\dYhidi]ZhZV X6]bZiiHVa^cV$>glVc6]bZii 8adX`l^hZ[gdbaZ[i/ "BZciVlV^Vch]VbVc!H^WZgji7^dhe]ZgZGZhZgkZ XJC:H8D?V`VgiV$6#6X]V "6cVZg^Vak^Zld[7gjcZ^Éh@Vbedc\6nZglViZgk^aaV\Zhh]dl^c\ÆÓdVi^c\Ç]djhZhdchi^aih! l^i]adXVahX]ddahVcYbdhfjZh^chdbZd[i]Zk^aaV\Zh XI]Z7gjcZ^BjhZjb9ZeVgibZci "HijYZcijh^c\ÈlVnVc\É^cVgdaZeaVndcgZheZXi[dgcVijgZ XJC:H8D?V`VgiV$Nja^jhL^Wdld ">[j\Vd#G^XZIZggVXZhd[E]^a^ee^cZh8dgY^aaZgVh XJC:H8D$BVhhVgYd "6BVaVnh^VcldbVcjhZhigVY^i^dcValZVk^c\iZX]c^fjZhidbV`ZVhdc\`Zi XJC:H8D?V`VgiV$BVhVcdg^CV\Vd`V "I]^hXdaaZXi^dcd[lddYZchiVijZhh]dlXVhZhi]ZY^kZghZhinaZVcY[dgbjhZY^cI^bdgZhZ lddYXVgk^c\# XJC:H8D?V`VgiV$I^AE6!OZÉhdeda8Vga^id8Vb^c]V 9Zh^\c!9ZkZadebZciVcYAVndjiWn/6]bZiiHVa^cV UNESCO ANNUAL REPORT 2010 INTERNATIONAL YEAR FOR THE RAPPROCHEMENT OF CULTURES ii Foreword The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 2010 the International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures.
    [Show full text]