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The Sakharov Prize Dear Readers, Since the Inception of the EU Respect for Fundamental Rights Has Been Enshrined in Law

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The Sakharov Prize Dear Readers, Since the Inception of the EU Respect for Fundamental Rights Has Been Enshrined in Law EPLO Brief: the Sakharov prize Dear Readers, Since the inception of the EU respect for fundamental rights has been enshrined in law. Parliament is a leading key actor in the fight for democracy, freedom of speech, fair elections and the rights of the oppressed. It regularly passes resolutions on issues to support programmes relating to the of ending torture, conflict prevention, promotion of the rights of women and children, the protection of minorities, the rights of indigenous peoples and people with disabilities. One of the major events in the field of human rights organised each year by the Parliament is the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought, awarded to individuals or organisations which fight for human rights and fundamental freedoms. The 2014 Sakharov Laureate is Dr Denis Mukwege from Democratic Republic of Congo, who has treated and helped thousands of women victims of wartime sexual abuse. This briefing summarises how the European Parliament honours exceptional individuals who combat intolerance, fanaticism, and oppression all over the world. Antoine Ripoll, Director of the European Parliament Liaison Office with US Congress European Parliament Liaison Office with the US Congress THE SAKHAROV PRIZE chosen by political group leaders and SAKHAROV'S BELIEFS Parliament’s President. Established in 1988, the Sakharov Prize for Sakharov was deeply convinced of the Freedom of Thought is awarded annually by This year the award ceremony took place in immense importance of freedom of speech the European Parliament, to honour Strasbourg during the European Parliament and information, and the terrible threats individuals and organisations that defend Plenary session in November. posed to them. human rights and fundamental freedoms. Andrei Sakharov (1921-1989) In 2013, the European Parliament Andrei Sakharov was a Russian nuclear celebrated the 25th anniversary of the prize. "Intellectual freedom is physicist, Soviet dissident, distinguished A major conference in Strasbourg (France) essential to human society scientist and human rights activist. and a series of events were organised by — freedom to obtain and the Parliament in Washington with a number In 1949-50 Sakharov became the co-inventor distribute information, of Prize Winners living in the U.S. of the controlled hydrogen reaction. Today freedom for open-minded he is known as "the father of the Soviet and unfearing debate, The Prize has been awarded to individuals hydrogen bomb." and freedom from pressure and to associations: dissidents, political by officialdom and leaders, journalists, lawyers, civil society Sakharov’s moral turning point prejudices. activists, writers, mothers and wives, minority leaders, an anti-terrorist group, peace Deeply concerned about the moral and Such a trinity of freedom of activists, an anti-torture activist as well as the political implications of his work, Sakharov thought is the only United Nations. became active in the campaign against guarantee against an nuclear proliferation. The award procedure infection of people by In 1975 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for mass myths, which, in the The prize is awarded for a particular his opposition to the abuse of power and for hands of treacherous achievement in one of the following fields: his work on human rights. hypocrites and demagogues, can be defence of human rights and The leaders of the former Soviet Union transformed into bloody fundamental freedoms, in particular the reacted with fury, and refused Sakharov dictatorship. right to free expression, permission to travel to Oslo to receive the Prize. The prize was received on his behalf by Freedom of thought is the safeguarding the rights of minorities, his wife. only guarantee of the respect for international law, feasibility of a scientific Sakharov was arrested in January 1980, democratic approach to development of democracy and following his public protests against the politics, economy, and implementation of the rule of law. Soviet invasion in Afghanistan, and was sent culture. to internal exile in a city that was off-limits to An 'Achievement’ may be any intellectual foreigners, Nizhny Novgorod. or artistic composition or active work in the above fields. In December of 1986, Mikhail Gorbachev personally contacted Sakharov to tell him Andrei Sakharov, 1968 Nominations must secure the support of at that both his and his wife's exile was over. least 40 Members of or a political group of Back in Moscow Sakharov continued his work the European Parliament. They are assessed as a humanitarian. in a joint meeting of European Parliament Committees on Foreign Affairs and A few months before his death, he was Development, and the Human Rights Sub- elected as a representative of the Academy committee. of Sciences to the Supreme Soviet. Sakharov died of heart failure in Moscow in December Following that assessment, the committees 1989. shortlist three finalists and then the laureate is MEET THE 2014 NOMINEES THE 2014 LAUREATE - DR DENIS MUKWEGE LIST OF SAKHAROV PRIZE LAUREATES The seven nominees for the European Dr Denis Mukwege from Democratic 2014 Dr Denis Mukwege Parliament’s 2014 Sakharov Prize for freedom Republic of Congo is the laureate of the of thought were chosen by political groups Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought 2014. 2013 Malala Yousafzai and Members of the European Parliament. The political groups of the European 2012 Nasrin Sotoudeh and Jafar Panahi Mahmoud Al ‘Asali (posthumous Parliament also recognised the important 2011 Arab Spring activists nomination) a law professor from the role played by EuroMaidan in Ukraine and University of Mosul who stood up for thus invited representatives to join the award 2010 Guillermo Fariñas Christian rights and was killed last July, ceremony in November. and Louis Raphaël I Sako the Iraqi-born 2009 Memorial Patriarch and Head of the Chaldean Catholic Church. 2008 Hu Jia Rappers Mouad Belghouate and Ala 2007 Salih Mahmoud Osman Yaacoubi, and Alaa Abdel Fattah, Egyptian blogger and political activist. 2006 Aliaksandr Milinkevich 2005 Ladies in White, Hauwa Ibrahim and CHREDO, Open Doors, Oeuvre d'Orient Reporters Without Borders and Aid to the Church in Need organisations for the protection of 2004 Zhanna Litvina, President of the Belarus Christian minorities. Association of Journalists Doctor Denis MUKWEGE, Panzi Hospital in Bukavu 2003 UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan, and (Congo), 2011. EuroMaidan, pro-European Ukrainian all UN staff movement represented by Mustafa Nayem, Ruslana Lyzhychko, Yelyzaveta In many armed conflicts women are 2002 Oswaldo José Payá Sardiñas Schepetylnykova and Tetiana Chornovo. subjected to horrific violence and rape is often used as a weapon of war. These are 2001 Izzat Ghazzawi,Nurit Peled-Elhanan and Ayaan Hirsi Ali, defender of women's not just violent acts of war, but part of a Dom Zacarias Kamwenho strategy to hurt the victims and the whole rights in Islamic societies and known for 2000 ¡ Basta Ya ! her opposition to female genital community. mutilation. 1999 José Alejandro 'Xanana' Gusmão The result of this strategy is that people are Dr Denis Mukwege, a Congolese forced to flee their villages, abandon their 1998 Ibrahim Rugova gynaecologist specialised in the fields, their resources, everything. 1997 Salima Ghezali treatment of rape victims and founder of the Panzi Hospital in Bukavu, in the In 1999, Dr Mukwege set up the Panzi hospital 1996 Wei Jingsheng Democratic Republic Congo. in eastern Congo to treat and help those 1995 Leyla Zana women who have been suffering from sexual Leyla Yunus, imprisoned Azerbaijani violence. More than 30.000 victims have 1994 Taslima Nasreen human rights activist and director of the been assisted by Dr Mukwege and his Institute of Peace and Democracy. colleagues. 1993 Oslobodjenje 1992 Las Madres de la Plaza de Mayo They receive not only medical care and surgery but also help on socio-economic 1991 Adem Demaçi level. For instance, assistance is provided to 1990 Aung San Suu Kyi help women to develop new skills and girls are encouraged to go back to school. 1989 Alexander Dubček 1988 Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela and Anatoli Marchenko (posthumous nomination) WANT TO KNOW MORE? CONTACT US European Parliament Sakharov Prize, web page 2175 K Street, NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20037 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sakharovprize/en/home.html +1 202 862 4734 [email protected] European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs http://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/afet/home.html FOLLOW US European Parliament Committee on Development Website: www.europarl.europa.eu/us http://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/deve/home.html Facebook: European Parliament Sub-Committee on Human Rights www.facebook.com/EPLOWashingtonDC Twitter: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/droi/home.html www.twitter.com/EPWashingtonDC Page 2 The content of this document does not represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non- commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the European Parliament is given prior notice and sent a copy. ©European Union, December 2014..
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