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Al Y .1W 14 Citation: ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics) 1991. Uses of tropical grain legumes: proceedings of a Consultants Meeting, 27-30 Mar 1989, ICRISAT Center, India. Patancheru A.P. 502 324, India: ICRISAT. Leading scientists from 21 countries working on legume quality and utilization participated in this meeting. Its objectives were to: review the current uses of grains of chickpea, pigeonpea, and groundnut with emphasis on diversificaio of end uses. identify areas that require further research and development; develop researchi ideas to provide novel and alternative uses of these legumes; recommend areas for future collaborative reseat:i; and identify trainin2 requirements for furth( r progress. This meeting, the first of its kind held at ICRISAT Center. covered in detail the food products and us-s of chickpea, pigeonpea, and groundnuts in different regions of the world. Uses of other legumes wez also dis cussed, along with proposals for novel end uses. Market requirements and ideas for potential commercial utilization of legumes were also presented. These proceedings contain 39 papers, reports of discussions, and recommerdations on research priorities. Reference : ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics) 1991. Les utilisations des 16gumineuses Agrain tropicales : comptes rendus d'une Rdunion de consultants, 27-30 mars 1989, Centre ICRISAT, Inde. Patancheru A.P. 502 324, India: ICRISAT. Des chercheurs inportants de 21 pays travaillant sur la qualitd et l'utilisation des I6gumineuses ont participo b cette Rdunion dont les objectifs dtaient : l'examen des utilisations actuelles des grains de pois chiche. de pois d'Angole et d'arachide avec I'accent sur la diversification des utilisations finales; lidentification des domaines Ncessitant davantage de recherche et de ddveloppement; la raise au point des iddes de recherche permettant des utilisations nouvelles et diversifies de ces 1dgumineuses; la recommandation des tifies pour la recherche collaborative future; l'identification des besoins en mati&e de formation en vue des progr.s soutenus. La premiere de son genre tenue au Centre ICRISAT, cette rdunion a traitd en d6tail des produits alimentaires et des utilisatiens du pois chiche, du pois d'Ango!e ct de l'arachide dans diffdrentes r6gions du monde. La rm:union a dgalement dtudid les utilisations des autres lgumireuses tout en examinant les propositions pour leur diversification. Les besoins du marchd er les i:.ecs pour une utilisation commerciale potentielle des Ihgumineuses tSaient aussi pr~sents. Ces comptes rendus .omportent 39 communications, rapports de discussions, ainsi que des recommandations sur les prioritds de recherche. Citaci6n: ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics) 1991. Los usos de legumbres granosas tropicales: Actas de una Reuni6n de Especialistas, 27-30 Marzo de 1989, Centro ICRISAT, India. Patancheru A.P. 502 324, India: ICRISAT. Cientfficos principales proc-dientes de 21 pa(ses investigando sobre la cualidad y la utilizaci6n de las legumbres participaron en esta rcuni6& -yos objetivos eran los siguientes: Examinar los ufos actuales de los granos de garbanzo, guandul y mantf (caLahuete) con eifasis sobre la diversificaci6n de sus usos finales; identificar dreas que requieren mayor investigaci6n y desarrollo; elaborar ideas de investigaci6n a fin de proveer usos nuevos y alternativos de esas legumbres; recomendar dreas para investigaci6n colaborativa en el futuro; e identificar las exigencias del entrenamiento para asegurar mds progreso. Esta reuni6n, [a primerfsima de este tipo para ser celebrada en el Centro ICRISAT, abarc6 en grandes detalles los productos comestibles y los diversos usos de garbanzo. guandul y man( en las distintas regiones del mundo. La Reuni6n tambidn se ocip6 de los usos de otras legumbres asi como de la propuestas para nuevos usos..De la misma manera, se presentaron las necesidades del mercado y las ideas sobre la potencial de la utilizaci6n comercial de las legumbres. Estas Actas incluyen 39 ponencias, informes de las discusiones y las recomenda ciones sobre las prioridades investigativas. Uses of Tropical Grain Legumes Proceedings of a Consultants Meeting 27-30 Mar 1989 ICRISAT Center India Sponsoring Organizations ICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and ICRISAT International Crops Research Insttute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India 1991 Organizing Committee R. Jambunathan D.G. Faris M.C. Saxena S.D. Hall H.A. van Rheenen Umaid Singh Laxman Singh T.R.K. Satyanarayana S.N. Nigam Coordinator and Scientific Editor R. Jambunathan Publication Editors S.D. Hall, P. Sudhir, Vithal Rajan, and V. Sadhana Composing and Layout K.K. Purkayastha and K.C.S. Rao Cover Design A.A. Majid Cover Photo K.K. Das Editorial Assistance T.S. Noel Prashanth and K.D.V. Prasad The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics is a nonprofit, scientific, research and training institute receiving support from donors through the Consultative Group on International Agiicultural Research. Donors to ICRISAT include governments and agencies of Australia, Belgium, Canada, People's Republic of China, Federal Republic of Germany, Finland, France, India, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Sweuen, Swit'erland, United Kingdom, United States of America, and the following international and private organizations: African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, Deutsche Gesellschaft fir Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, International Development Research Centre, lnternational Fertilizer Development Center, International Fur,d for Agricultural Development, The Euro pean Economic Community, The Opec Fund for International Development, The Rockefeller Foundation, The World Bank, United Nations De elopment Programme, University of Georgia, and University of Hohenheim. Information and conclusions in this publication do not necessarily reflect the position of the aforementioned governments, agencies, and international and private organizations. The opinions in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of ICRISAT. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in tIs publication do not impl- the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ICRISAT concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Where trade names are used this does not constitute endorsement of or discri-.iination against any product by the Institute. Copyright© 1990 by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). All rights reserved. Except for quctations of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval systems, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of ICRISAT. It is hoped that this Copyright declaration will not diminish the bona fide use of its research findings in agricultural research and development in or for the tropics. ISBN 92-9056180-1 I' Contents Session I Y.L. Nene: Welcome 3 J.1. Cubero: Welcome 5 L.D. Swindcle: Inaugural Address 7 Objectives of the Meeting 10 J.H. Hulse: Keynote Address: Nature, Composition, and Utilization of Grain Legumes 11 Session II H.A. van Rheenen: Production Aspects and Prospects of Chickpea 31 N. PralhadRao andJ.GowrinathSastry: Legume Consumption and its Implication on the Nutritional Status of the Population in India 37 P. Geervani:Utilization of Chickpea in India and Scope for Novel and Alternative Uses 47 P.C. Williams, K.B. Singh, and M.C. Saxena: Factors Affecting Quality in Chickpea 55 M.C. Saxena, K.B. Singh, and P.C. Williams: Utilization of Chickpea in West Asia and North Africa 63 H.H. Gecit: Chickpea Utilization in Turkey 69 M.T. Moreno and J.I. Cubero: Uses and Possibilities of Chickpea in Spain 75 M.A. Abd-Allah, Y.H. Foda, S.R. Morcos, and H.Z.A. Hassona: Utilization of Chickpea and Groundnut in Egypt; Some Popular Dishes 79 Senayit Yetneberk: Uses of Chickpea, Lentil, and Faba Bean in Ethiopia 85 A. ElmubarakAli: Utilization of Some Important Food Legumes in the Sudan 89 M. Akmal Khan: Utilization of Chickpea and Groundriut in Pakistan 95 A. Ahad Miah: Uses of Grain Legumes in Bangladesh 107 Disc,'ssions 111 Recommendations 113 Session III Laxman Singh: Production Aspects of Pigeonpea and Future Prospects 121 Umaid Singh: The Role of Pigeonpea in Human Nutrition 129 M.J. Vaidehi: Utilization of Pigeonpea in India and Scope for Novel and Alternative Uses 137 iii D.S. Damardjati and Sri Widowati: Utilization of Pigeonpea and Other Grain Legumes in Indonesia 145 KA. Buckle andD.H. Iskandar: Composition and Quality of Tempeh 1repared from Pigeonpea, and Pigeonpea/Soybean Mixtures 153 S.C. Birla: Potential of Pigeonpea as Split Dhal in the West Indies 161 Boonlom Cheva-Isarakuland Suchon Tangtaweewipat:Pigeonpea as a Protein Source in Poultry Diets 169 Manel 1. Gomez: Legume Quality Factors Affecting Processing and Utilization 177 S.O. Yanagi andKyoko Saio: Grain Legume Fro!ein: Chemistry and Utilization 189 W.B. Wijeratne and A.!. Nelson: Processing and Utilization of