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Mahayana Buddhism: the Doctrinal Foundations, Second Edition
9780203428474_4_001.qxd 16/6/08 11:55 AM Page 1 1 Introduction Buddhism: doctrinal diversity and (relative) moral unity There is a Tibetan saying that just as every valley has its own language so every teacher has his own doctrine. This is an exaggeration on both counts, but it does indicate the diversity to be found within Buddhism and the important role of a teacher in mediating a received tradition and adapting it to the needs, the personal transformation, of the pupil. This divers- ity prevents, or strongly hinders, generalization about Buddhism as a whole. Nevertheless it is a diversity which Mahayana Buddhists have rather gloried in, seen not as a scandal but as something to be proud of, indicating a richness and multifaceted ability to aid the spiritual quest of all sentient, and not just human, beings. It is important to emphasize this lack of unanimity at the outset. We are dealing with a religion with some 2,500 years of doctrinal development in an environment where scho- lastic precision and subtlety was at a premium. There are no Buddhist popes, no creeds, and, although there were councils in the early years, no attempts to impose uniformity of doctrine over the entire monastic, let alone lay, establishment. Buddhism spread widely across Central, South, South-East, and East Asia. It played an important role in aiding the cultural and spiritual development of nomads and tribesmen, but it also encountered peoples already very culturally and spiritually developed, most notably those of China, where it interacted with the indigenous civilization, modifying its doctrine and behaviour in the process. -
Metaphor and Literalism in Buddhism
METAPHOR AND LITERALISM IN BUDDHISM The notion of nirvana originally used the image of extinguishing a fire. Although the attainment of nirvana, ultimate liberation, is the focus of the Buddha’s teaching, its interpretation has been a constant problem to Buddhist exegetes, and has changed in different historical and doctrinal contexts. The concept is so central that changes in its understanding have necessarily involved much larger shifts in doctrine. This book studies the doctrinal development of the Pali nirvana and sub- sequent tradition and compares it with the Chinese Agama and its traditional interpretation. It clarifies early doctrinal developments of nirvana and traces the word and related terms back to their original metaphorical contexts. Thereby, it elucidates diverse interpretations and doctrinal and philosophical developments in the abhidharma exegeses and treatises of Southern and Northern Buddhist schools. Finally, the book examines which school, if any, kept the original meaning and reference of nirvana. Soonil Hwang is Assistant Professor in the Department of Indian Philosophy at Dongguk University, Seoul. His research interests are focused upon early Indian Buddhism, Buddhist Philosophy and Sectarian Buddhism. ROUTLEDGE CRITICAL STUDIES IN BUDDHISM General Editors: Charles S. Prebish and Damien Keown Routledge Critical Studies in Buddhism is a comprehensive study of the Buddhist tradition. The series explores this complex and extensive tradition from a variety of perspectives, using a range of different methodologies. The series is diverse in its focus, including historical studies, textual translations and commentaries, sociological investigations, bibliographic studies, and considera- tions of religious practice as an expression of Buddhism’s integral religiosity. It also presents materials on modern intellectual historical studies, including the role of Buddhist thought and scholarship in a contemporary, critical context and in the light of current social issues. -
Ontology of Consciousness
Ontology of Consciousness Percipient Action edited by Helmut Wautischer A Bradford Book The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England ( 2008 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or me- chanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. MIT Press books may be purchased at special quantity discounts for business or sales promotional use. For information, please e-mail [email protected] or write to Special Sales Depart- ment, The MIT Press, 55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA 02142. This book was set in Stone Serif and Stone Sans on 3B2 by Asco Typesetters, Hong Kong, and was printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ontology of consciousness : percipient action / edited by Helmut Wautischer. p. cm. ‘‘A Bradford book.’’ Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-262-23259-3 (hardcover : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-262-73184-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Consciousness. 2. Philosophical anthropology. 3. Culture—Philosophy. 4. Neuropsychology— Philosophy. 5. Mind and body. I. Wautischer, Helmut. B105.C477O58 2008 126—dc22 2006033823 10987654321 Index Abaluya culture (Kenya), 519 as limitation of Turing machines, 362 Abba Macarius of Egypt, 166 as opportunity, 365, 371 Abhidharma in dualism, person as extension of matter, as guides to Buddhist thought and practice, 167, 454 10–13, 58 in focus of attention, 336 basic content, 58 in measurement of intervals, 315 in Asanga’s ‘‘Compendium of Abhidharma’’ in regrouping of elements, 335, 344 (Abhidharma-samuccaya), 67 in technical causality, 169, 177 in Maudgalyayana’s ‘‘On the Origin of shamanic separation from body, 145 Designations’’ Prajnapti–sastra,73 Action, 252–268. -
Buddhist Ethics in Japan and Tibet: a Comparative Study of the Adoption of Bodhisattva and Pratimoksa Precepts
University of San Diego Digital USD Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship Department of Theology and Religious Studies 1994 Buddhist Ethics in Japan and Tibet: A Comparative Study of the Adoption of Bodhisattva and Pratimoksa Precepts Karma Lekshe Tsomo PhD University of San Diego, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.sandiego.edu/thrs-faculty Part of the Buddhist Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Digital USD Citation Tsomo, Karma Lekshe PhD, "Buddhist Ethics in Japan and Tibet: A Comparative Study of the Adoption of Bodhisattva and Pratimoksa Precepts" (1994). Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship. 18. https://digital.sandiego.edu/thrs-faculty/18 This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at Digital USD. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Digital USD. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Buddhist Behavioral Codes and the Modern World An Internationa] Symposium Edited by Charles Weihsun Fu and Sandra A. Wawrytko Buddhist Behavioral Codes and the Modern World Recent Titles in Contributions to the Study of Religion Buddhist Behavioral Cross, Crescent, and Sword: The Justification and Limitation of War in Western and Islamic Tradition Codes and the James Turner Johnson and John Kelsay, editors The Star of Return: Judaism after the Holocaust -
The Sequential Arisingof Vijnnanasinthe Early Yogacara and the Sarvastivada
The JapaneseAssociationJapanese Association of Indian and Buddhist Studies (180) Journal ofIndian and Buddhist Studies Vol. 64, No. 3, March 2016 The Sequential Arising of VijnNanas in the Early Yogacara and the Sarvastivada TAKATSUKASA Yttki 1. Introduction The Paficavijn-dnaketyasarriprayukta bhamih. (PBh) and the Manobhami (MBh), the first two sections of the Yogacarabhtimi, present valuable materials for the study of early YogAcara epistemology; unfbrtunately however, we have fbund some occasional, but serious, problems in the critically established Sanskrit text of these sections. In Takatsukasa [2o14: 184], therefore, I reconsidered a problematic passage by verifying the readings of the single extant Sanskrit manuscript and then proposed an emendation to the edited text. According to the emended text, the MBh postuiates that only one vijn-ana can arise in one moment, theugh it does not explicitly mention whether a simultaneity of six vijnNanas is possible or not Instead, the MBh rather emphasizes the relative subsequence of vijnnyanas: any single sensory perception cannot arise sequentially in two moments. On the other hand, as discussed below, the 5arvfistivada, which also denies the possibility of a simultaneous arising of vV'nNanas, permits that a sensory perception can arise immediately after a sensory perception in the Apidamo da piposha lun Pnj eemeza Jkl *Mahavibhasa, eevai9th (Skt. MVi), Previous studies on this topic only introduce or exame thiqie shi lttu) em in the MVi, and they do not compare the description directly i) with other texts, nor do they examine the distinction between the two theories. In this paper,Iwould like to fbcus on the YbgacarabhUmi as the representative ofthe early Yogacara and MVi as the representative ofthe Sarvastivada, in order to point out the difTerent ways in which they expound the sequence of vijnNanas, as well as a divergence concerning the possibility ofa sequential arising ofsensory perceptions. -
How 086 Works. the Arya Mfila-Sarvastivada School Exxsted
7 . S o - s o r - t h a r - p a ; o r , a C o d e o f B u d d h i s t M o n a s t i c L a w s : B e i n g t h e T i b e t a n v e r s i o n o f P r é t i m o k s a o f t h e M fi l a - s a r v fi s t i v a d a S c h o o l . E d i t e d a n d t r a n s l a t e d b y M A H A M A H O P S D H Y A Y A S A T I S C H A N D R A V I D Y A B H U S A N A , M . A . , P H . D . , M . R . A . S . , F . A . S . B . P R E F A C E B Y T H E E D I T O R A N D T R A N S L A T O R . T h e w o r k , t h e T i b e t a n t e x t a n d a n E n g l i s h t r a n s l a t i o n o f w h i c h a r e e m b o d i e d i n t h i s v o l u m e , i s n a m e d S o - s o r - t h a r - p a 1 n T i b e t a n , c o r r e s p o n d i n g . -
The Buddhist Theory of Self-Cognition
THE BUDDHIST THEORY OF SELF-COGNITION This highly original work explores the concept of self-awareness or self- consciousness in Buddhist thought. Within the Buddhist doctrinal system, the Sanskrit word svasaMvedana or svasaMvitti (self-cognition, self-awareness or self-consciousness) signifies a form of reflexive awareness. It is one of the key concepts in the Buddhist epistemological system developed by Dignaga (ca. 480–540 ) and his followers. The discussion on whether the mind knows itself also had a long history in the Buddhist schools of Mahasamghika, Sarvastivada, Sautrantika and early Yogacara. The same issue was debated later among followers of the Madhyamaka and Yogacara schools. This work is the first to study systematically the Buddhist theory of self-cognition with an emphasis on its pre-Dignaga development. Its central thesis is that the Buddhist theory of self-cognition originated in a soteriological discussion of omniscience among the Mahasamghikas, and then evolved into a topic of epistemological inquiry among the Yogacarins. To illustrate this central theme, the author draws on a large body of primary sources in Chinese, Pali, Sanskrit and Tibetan, most of which are being presented to an English readership for the first time. This work makes available important resources for the study of the Buddhist philosophy of mind. Zhihua Yao received his Ph.D. from Boston University. He is currently Assistant Professor at the Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, and specializes in Buddhist Philosophy and Philosophy of Religion. i TBTA01 1 21/9/05, 9:16 AM ROUTLEDGE CRITICAL STUDIES IN BUDDHISM General Editors: Charles S. -
Aspects of the Study of the (Earlier) Indian Mahāyāna
JIABS Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies Volume 27 Number 1 2004 David SEYFORT RUEGG Aspects of the Investigation of the (earlier) Indian Mahayana....... 3 Giulio AGOSTINI Buddhist Sources on Feticide as Distinct from Homicide ............... 63 Alexander WYNNE The Oral Transmission of the Early Buddhist Literature ................ 97 Robert MAYER Pelliot tibétain 349: A Dunhuang Tibetan Text on rDo rje Phur pa 129 Sam VAN SCHAIK The Early Days of the Great Perfection........................................... 165 Charles MÜLLER The Yogacara Two Hindrances and their Reinterpretations in East Asia.................................................................................................... 207 Book Review Kurt A. BEHRENDT, The Buddhist Architecture of Gandhara. Handbuch der Orientalistik, section II, India, volume seventeen, Brill, Leiden-Boston, 2004 by Gérard FUSSMAN............................................................................. 237 Notes on the Contributors............................................................................ 251 ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF THE (EARLIER) INDIAN MAHAYANA* D. SEYFORT RUEGG Il est aussi facile dans l’Inde de constater des prolongements que malaisé d’assister à des ruptures. (L. Renou, Études védiques et pa∞inéennes, tome VI [Paris, 1960], p. 11) Proem As a continuation of his monumental Histoire du bouddhisme indien, published in 1958, Étienne Lamotte once envisaged writing a second volume to be devoted to the Indian Mahayana. This second part was, however, -
Sarvastivada Buddhist Scholasticism
SARVASTIVADA BUDDHIST SCHOLASTICISM BY CHARLES WILLEMEN • BART DESSEIN COLLETT COX • s BRILL 0 LEIDEN • NEW YORK • KOLN 1998 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface xi Introductory Remark xv Chapter One: About the Dharma 1 1. Compilation of the Canon 1 2. Abhidharma Literature 10 3. Sarvastivada Abhidharma 16 1. The. Name 'Sarvastivada' 16 2. Classification of Sarvastivada Abhidharma Texts 18 3. Sarvastivada Philosophical Basics 19 Chapter Two: History and Sarvastivada 36 1. The Mauryan Empire 36 1. General History 36 2. The Synods of Vaisall and Pataliputra 39 2.1 Reason for the Schism 41 2.2 Vaisall and the Ten Lax Practices 42 2.3 Pataliputra and the Five Theses of Mahadeva 44 2.4 The Opinion of the Sariputrapariprccha- sutra 48 2.5 Geographical Grounds for the Schism 48 3. The Second Synod of Pataliputra 53 4. Sarvastivada Tripitaka 60 4.1 The Language of the Sarvastivada Canon 60 4.2 Sarvastivada Sutrapitaka 60 4.3 Sarvastivada Abhidharmapitaka 63 4.4 Sarvastivada Vinayapitaka 80 4.5 Mulasarvastivada Vinayapitaka 85 4.6 Sarvastivada Ksudrakapitaka 89 2. Bactria and Gandhara 93 1. General History 93 1.1 The Greek Kingdom of Bactria 93 1.2 The Western and Eastern Greek Kingdoms 94 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.3 Saka-Pahlava Reign 95 2. Doctrinal Development 102 3. Darstantika, Sautrantika and (Mula-)Sarvastivada .... 106 3. Kasmira 110 1. General History 110 2. The Synod of Kasmira 116 3. Vaibhasika Orthodoxy 121 4. Conclusion 123 4. China 126 1. The Road to China 126 2. Abhidharma Studies in China 131 Chapter Three: Kasmira: Vaibhasika Orthodoxy 138 1. -
Course Outline
PHIL5531 Topics in Buddhist Philosophy Course Outline Mode of Teaching: online until further notice Time:Monday 18:30 – 21:30 Location:NRR Course overview (as shown on CUSIS) What is reality? How do we know? How shall we exist? This course intends to explore the rich sources of Buddhist philosophical traditions. Topics include emptiness and negation, theories of mind, language and perception. Attention will be given to their relevance to the contemporary discussions in Western philosophy. Readings include basic works of Abhidharma, Madhyamaka, Yogacara and Pramanavada. This semester we will focus on Abhidharma. Learning outcomes (as shown on CUSIS) 1. Acquire knowledge of the selected topics of the course. 2. Have a solid grasp of the philosophical issues of the selected topics of the course. 3. Demonstrate familiarity with the primary/secondary source texts. 4. Be able to articulate and defend a philosophical thesis of their own Topics 1 課程簡介 2 阿毘達磨 3 一切有部 4 經量部 5 三世實有 6 緣有緣無之爭 7 心心所(有部) 8 Presentations 9 心心所(經部) 10 心之自知 11 輪迴與業 12 業與因果 13 作用與無作用 Learning activities In this course, you are expect to Attend the lectures. Study the readings assigned and try to think through them; Develop the skills mentioned above through discussion and writing (short essays and final paper). Attend all lectures and arrive prepared to discuss the readings and participate in class discussion. 1 Types of activities and workload: In-class: 1. Lecture: 3 hours a week (mandatory) *Out-of-class: 1. Reading: an average of 4-5 hours per week on required and suggested reading assigned for lecture topics, and 2-3 hours on tutorial reading assignments and presentation. -
A Study of the History and Cult of the Buddhist Earth Deity in Mainland Southeast Asia
A Study of the History and Cult of the Buddhist Earth Deity in Mainland Southeast Asia A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of PhD in Religious Studies at the University of Canterbury by Elizabeth Guthrie University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand 2004 A Study of the History and Cult of the Buddhist Earth Deity in Mainland Southeast Asia Volume 1 Text Acknowledgements Far-ranging research projects like this inevitably depend on the generosity and assistance of many people. Among those who helped me find the earth deity in image and texts, or helped with translations, were: Ang Choulean, K. Aphaivong. Bandol Samnang, Olivier de Bernon, Didier Bertrand, Fran(,{ois Bizot, Robert L. Brown, Kaye Carter, Chuch Phoeun, Shayne Clarke, John Crocker, Denison University Art Gallery, Robert Didham, Wichai Eungpinichpong, Wilai Eungpinichpong, John Marston, Long Tbol, Des Sothy, Anthony Diller, Jacqueline Filliozat, Rolf Giebel, Hang Chan Sophea, Louis Gabaude, Pam Gutman, Anne Hansen, Huberta Hellendoorn, Hor Lath, Khy Sophal, Khyaw Tha Nyunt, Kuy Lath, Fran(,{ois Lagirarde, Lan Sunnary, Leng Kok An, Lim Yii Hang, Long Tbol, Meng Prang, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Mey Poeun, Museum flir Indische Kunst, Neou Chamrong, Norton Simon Museum, Ouk Ry, Anatole Peltier, Phaitun Dokbukaeo, Phon Sin, Phoung Soueng, Sommai Premchit, Thonevath Pou, Saveros Pou, Craig Reynolds, Waldemar Sailer, Sao Hso Hom, Peter Skilling, Frank Smith, Ven. Suthep Surapong, Donald Swearer, Thein Tun U, Serge Thion, Ashley Thompson, Vijinthanasarn Panya, U Aung Kyaing, U Myint Aung, RE. Vann Molyvann, John Weeks, Hiram W.Woodward, Jr. I received funding from the NZFUW, NZASIA and the University of Canterbury. -
On the School Affiliation of Aśvaghoṣa: "Sautrāntika" Or
JIABS Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies Volume 26 Number 2 2003 General Introduction by Robert KRITZER ............................................................................ 201 Nobuyoshi YAMABE On the School Affiliation of AsvaghoÒa: “Sautrantika” or “Yoga- cara”?................................................................................................ 225 Takumi FUKUDA Bhadanta Rama: A Sautrantika before Vasubandhu........................ 255 Bart DESSEIN Sautrantika and the H®daya Treatises.............................................. 287 Yoshifumi HONJO Sautrantika ........................................................................................ 321 Robert KRITZER Sautrantika in the AbhidharmakosabhaÒya...................................... 331 Oskar VON HINÜBER Report on the XIIIth Conference of the IABS.................................... 385 Cristina SCHERRER-SCHAUB IABS Treasurer Final Financial Report ........................................... 391 Notes on the Contributors................................................................. 395 JIABS volume 26 Number 1 2003 • Errata .................................... 397 ARTIKEL 201 ON THE SCHOOL AFFILIATION OF ASVAGHO∑A: “SAUTRANTIKA” OR “YOGACARA”? * NOBUYOSHI YAMABE Introduction Traditionally it was understood that Sarvastivada, Sautrantika, and Yogacara were three distinct traditions, but this framework has been seri- ously questioned in recent years. Owing to the efforts of Paul Demiéville, Nishi Giyu (Abidatsuma, “Buha”), and