INDUSTRIAL

PIONEER

Preamble of the Industrial

Workers of the World

The working class and the employing class have nothing in common. There can be no peace as long as Hunger and want are found among millions of the working people and the few who make up the employing class have all the good things of life. Between these two classes a struggle must go on until the workers of the world organize as a class, take posses sion of the earth and the machinery of production. an

EDITORIALS: PaBe The Iron Heel -- J* To Members of the Industrial Workers of the World — 16 Emphasis ARTICLES: War in West Virginia. By Art Shields ■ 3 The Negroe Worker Falls Into Line. By Robert H. Hardoen.... (33^ Copper Smelting. By John Hammer. 20 Salting Down the Marine Workers. By Upton Hold 34 An Appeal for Spokesmen. By Robert Grayson 41 Brains or Brawn. By Jim Morris - ** "Justice." A Birds Eye View. A Compilation 55 The Work People's College. By Rosa Knutti 59 Memories. By Jaze 33 FOREIGN ARTICLES: Starving Russia. By Ralph Winstead 10 Petrograd in July, 1921. By Tom Barker 38 Mohandas Ghandi and Soul Force. By P. D. E 50 DEPARTMENTS: Wobbles 49 Question Box 54 FICTION: An 111 Wind in the Palouse. By E. H. H 43 The Great Kataklysm. By Stanislaus McGee _ 28 The Emancipation of Louie. By James Rohn 47 * POETRY: The Hand-Out Route. By Hambone Bill 15 Slavery. By James Rohn. 27 Strength. By Charlotte Perkins Gilman 38 They'll Soon Ring Out. By John E. Nordquist 44 CARTOONS: More Power to the Arm. By Pashtanika 2 Starving Russia. By Pashtanika 10 United Action Wins Power. By H. Spinadel 19 Tackle the Brute from All Sides — 26 The Industrial Processes. By F. J. and R. W 32 Let's Line Them All Up. By Doree 37 A Handy Place to Discard the Wreck. By H. Spinadel 42 Power of the Press. By Chumley 48 Open the Doors 88

MORE POWER TO THE ARM

Vol. 1, No. 9 OCTOBER, 1921 Serial No. 9

War in West Virginia

By Art Shields

Williamson, Mingo County, the southwestern part of the state- I talked West Va. to a good many railroad men and found a fine spirit among them—they want to take "Boys, there is just naturally going to some kind of action , to help the miners and be no end to the gunmen and to this kind they are beginning to see now how they of fighting till the railroad men stop carry can all get in on it. ing scab coal." The railroad men, like all other workers A big miner in an army shirt was get of West Virginia have been shoved into ting this off his chest as I joined the knot thought by the tramp of those ten thousand of a dozen men at the village store 4n one pairs of feet in the mountains, and the of the little mining towns in the Coal River spectacle of ten thousand men saying good- Valley, just a mile below the hills that had by to job and family and risking their lives been crackling with rifle and machine gun in a desperate journey to the succor of fire a few days before. oppressed union men. "The railroad men are all right." spoke up a young fellow; "didn't a bunch of them The Battle Hazards get into the fighting, and didn't one of them All the world loves courage, especially give his life for us — that Brotherhood courage to fight for another. Just consider of Railway Trainmen fellow?" what these men undertook. From Marmet, "Sure they are good men, the best in in Kanawha County, where they mobilized, the world as men," said the big miner, "and to Mingo County, it is full sixty-five I sure appreciate the work some of them miles by air line and much further by did up there in the mountains with us. But mountain road and rail. Only the first I'm talking of them as railroad men now, part of the trip, across unionized - Boone not just as men, and I'm saying that if the County, would be safe and easy, and then railroad men stopped carrying that scab would come the journey through the moun Mingo County coal there would'nt be any tainous, and far from safe county of Logan strike in Mingo County for this year past, which lay between them and Mingo. It and we wouldn't have needed to get our might mean defending themselves against high powers and set out for there." an army superior in number to their own, A few days later I got down into Mingo and equipped with the machinery of mo County and heard that the railroad men dern warfare. . had been so stirred there by the mighty And all these astonishing hazards they and dramatic workers' movement in the took gladly, not because they were looking northeast that one railroad craft local had for trouble for its own sake, but because come within a hair line of passing a resolu .the West Virginia workers' habit of stick tion against hauling any coal trains from ing with his class was strong upon them. the mines in the gunmen-ridden fields of It was this instinct by which the union 3 - 4 .fy

INDUSTRIAL PIONEER

fields of West Virginia were organized. So which saved the scab gunmen in the nick when reports had kept coming in all of time. These union men were beginning through a long year of the Mingo strike to drive back the army which the coal that this miner or that miner had been ter operators sent against them in the moun rorized by gunmen or state police shooting tains that lie between the scab lands of up the tent colony where they had been Logan County proper and the unionized living since they were ejected from the strip in the Coal River Valley. In a little company house, then the miner living a while—perhaps two days, perhaps three hundred miles away felt this injury as his days, they would have been at the Chesa injury. The wrongs done to his fellow work- peake and Ohio branch line in Logan Coun era were calling to him to right them. And ty and on their way to the borders in when the cold brooded murder of Sid Hat Mingo. field and Ed Chambers occurred on the court Six machine guns had been captured, the house steps in another county to whicn they operators' army had suffered several times

An Ejected Miner's Family Tenting It Out.

had been lured by a bunk indictment, then the casualties the workers had suffered, and there was nothing they could do except come had been driven back from one to two to the rescue with the old high power rifle. miles along a front of more than ten of the So they felt. total fifteen miles of battle line. And all Union jobs and union contracts couldn't this the workers had done against an enemy hold them. entrenched in the hills with superior mili tary equipment. It was the other side that Success in Military Tactics had the machine guns in the beginning and But their courage in starting the cam the automatic rifles and the airplanes drop paign was not the only thing which in ping bombs and poison gas. But the work- spired the railroad workers and others- It kers pushed them back. was the success, in spite of the delay caused by their turning back at Madison, which Fighting Enthusiasm attended the movement till the federal I tried hard to find out just what made troops came and brought the armistice for the workers' superiority, and I am con OCTOBER, 1921

vinced that the fundamental reason was Press Prophesies that they put enthusiasm into their work; Loud and long some of the coal owned the fact that they were inspired by the newspapers of the southwestern counties cause they held as sacred, and were not had been boasting of what Chafin's machine just in the hills with a gun for a mere gunners would do to the workers entering five to twenty dollars a day like Don the "forbidden lands" by way of the moun Chafin's mercenaries, or out of fear like tain passes- But the miners and the work his conscripts. er-volunteers with them were in no hurry to play the otherfellows game. Their policy The workers were spurred on with was to clear the path first before any large an intense feeling of indignation against number tried to go through. Advance the thugs who had murdered so many union guards worked their way through the un men, and who had just committed a fresh derbrush to advantageous posts where they outrage, for on Saturday night, August could begin operations on the machine gun 27, the night after the miners had dis ners. In the course of this work they had persed and started to go home at the re a good many brushes with other advance quest of President Keeney, four hundred guards, but little by little they were posted gunmen swooped down over the mountain so that one machine gun crew after another on the now unprotected village of Sharpies, began to find their nest to hot for them. in the unionized corner of Logan, and mur In the course of about four days of the dered two union men, wounding two more fighting most of the machine gun crews seriously, and taking four priosners back along the lower ten miles of the fifteen into the hills with them. Memory of this miles of mountain where the work was murderous arrogance gave a fresh edge to going on had been forced to retreat, or their fighting spirit. their guns had been captured. One crew captured included a Justice of the Peace The Thugs Lineup named Mitchel of the county of Logan. Two The workers on an average were much machine guns were captured by storm in better marksmen than their opponents. sensational fashion, no proper cover being Nearly every one of them had been born available. and bred in the mountains and had gained Bombs and Gas a deadly accuracy shooting at targets and Chafin's forces were getting the worst squirrels, and more than two thousand of of it and the news was going out by word them had fought in France. The army of of mouth over the southwestern part of Sheriff Don Chafin, on the other hand, the state. In vain an effort to recover his while it had a goodly number of fairly ef prestige was made by a series of futile air ficient gunmen and some ex-service men plane bombing raids, extending over a and Legionaries, yet was weighted down period of three days, from September 1st by the thousands of conscripts or unwilling to 3rd. The mining villages behind the volunteers who didn't know how to fight lines in the Little Coal River Valley were or didn't want to learn under those cir the targets. The raids were failures because cumstances. This was especially true of the bomb makers bungled their job; few the miners of the Guyan fields, who were of the bombs exploding and those doing forced by fear of prison, death or loss of no damage. I saw one of the ugly cast jobs to join up—many of these were men iron things, a six by thirty inch gas main, from other states and even other countries, loaded with powder and iron nuts. It ' brought in from the outside by labor agen had crashed to the ground between two cies—men who lacked the West Virginia women who were doing their washing near mountain training and had no love for their the little town of Jeffrey, but had failed to tyrannous masters in any case. explode because the guide or "rudder" had INDUSTRIAL PIONEER fallen off. One of the gas bombs, made of Czar of his county, with word of life and a bottle filled with a chlorine gas prepara death. He is comparatively rich, his for tion, made a house wife of Jeffrey quite tune being estimated in seven figures.— sick as she was rushing in an automobile a fortune taken from a mine of his own towards the school house near the firing and his office as sheriff—but to the men in lines on Hewitt creek, used as a field hos Wall Street, whose ownership is masked pital. But after two days of shooting pains behind the operators' association of the in the head and nose bleed, she, too, was all Guyan Valley, Chafin is their boss-gunman, right- and they are the real rulers. The operators' forces bungled their fight The Steel Trust Control ing and bungled their terrorism and lost as much prestige as the miners gained. Mis United States Steel, the largest producer management marked Sheriff Don Chafin's of coal in West Virginia, is heavily in handling of the entire situation and he has terested in Logan, owning a total of 53,736 undoubtedly come in for many unkind re acres of coking coal and 32,648 surface marks from the operators who used him acres of surface coal in Logan and Mingo as the agent for the hiring of the army of Counties. This means that the great cor Baldwin-Felts thugs that govern the non poration controls a goodly portion of the union mines and mining towns of Logan ten million ton annual production of the County. The U. S. Steel Corporation and county. The same giant concern also has the other big interests who exploit the hills 50,000 acres of the best coking land in of Guyan are not accustomed to bungling McDowell County, the extreme southern of this kind. It is also true that they have county of the state; its annual production seldom or never had to deal with such a from that county alone ranging up to determined body of fighters. 4,680,000 tons in its boom year of 1918, and Don Chafin, the Sheriff, the boss-gun not falling much below that figure even last man of the Guyan fields, is regarded as the year. The same comparative evenness of

OCTOBER, 1921 annual production applies to Logan, Mercer and Wyoming, the other non-union counties which are getting contracts and working during times of depression while union mines are shut down or on part time. *It follows as the night the day that since the U. S- Steel and similar corpora tions are such important factors in these counties that their gunman system exists at its worst. Anyone knowing the tactics of U. S. Steel in Gary, Pittsburg, Homestead and the Mesaba Range knows that thuggery Sid Hatfield—Three Days Before His Murder. is their idea of law and order; thuggery With these coking coal fields non-union, and for the purpose of beating down unionism. part of the Pennsylvania fields also, the But in these counties thuggery surpasses steel industry will be able to carry on its itself. Logan is sufficiently notorious, but major operations in the event of a general the other counties are just about as bad. union mine strike. Consequently it is worth In Logan the Baldwin Felts army ranges millions of dollars as an insurance against from five hundred to a thousand on different strike times, as well as for other reasons, occasions, except in the fighting of early to keep McDowell non-union and to break September when it ran much higher. In the union in Mingo, the only one of the McDowell County Sheriff Bill Hatfield de five gunmen counties where the union has putizes more than five hundred gunmen re lined up the workers. gularly from the agency. This is the Bill Hatfield who promised his distant relative Logan coal veins contain some of the Sid so much protection and gave him none best high volatile coal in the world. The all when he came to the court house in the around general utility of the Logan fields town of Welch. for industrial and bunker and by product Mingo, the solitary union field of the purposes has been recognized for the seven southwest counties has on its back the teen years the fields have been operated. weight of a state martial law system, with So shrewd an industrial manager as Henry some eight hundred constabulary and mi Ford has been quick to perceive the advan litia men. tage of such coal as that of the Logan field with its high fuel content and low ash, and Strategic Position today half the coal burned in the larger Another large operator is the Norfolk Ford plants comes from Logan County- and Western Railroad which holds 296,000 The fact that this is scab coal does not acres of coal land in McDowell and Mercer detract from its fitness for the Ford plants, Counties. of course. Logan coal is burned generously in other Detroit industrial plants, and in It must be clearly understood to place a proper value on the shrewdness of the other Toledo and Chicago. side, that the reason money is poured out Organization Needed so lavishly to keep these southwestern coun ties non-union, is the strategic importance It has been the boast of Logan operators of these coal fields in regard to big industry, since the coal strike of late 1919 that their especially the metallurgical industries. Min production increased about thirty percent go and McDowell alone have a prime quality during the five weeks of walkout in other of coking coal which is generally agreed fields. And the Guyan Valley Operators' by geologicsts to be the equal of that in Association and the other operators' asso the Connellsville region in Pensylvania. ciations in the southwestern counties are INDUSTRIAL PIONEER

is as follows: organization in early 1920 of some of the mines; then the lockout and dispossessing from company towns and cut ting off of credit from company stores. The union then countered with a strike, pulling out and organizing more mines till a more or less general tie-up prevailed. Some operation is going on, but there is not very much strike breaking by local men. The miners are all home guards and keep track of scabs. What scabbing there A Miners' Outpost. is comes largely from outsiders, who are brought in by labor agencies. Many of these never weary of urging on business men in have been pulled out by the miners, and advertisements the need of supporting their last month several hundred quit when their fight against unionism in order to defeat wages were cut. Production is about thirty any general mine strike movement. In fact to forty per cent of normal now. big business has been quicker than labor Five dollars a week relief is paid single to recognize the strategic importance of men on strike by the United Mine Work these southwest counties. ers, with two dollars more for a wife, and Fifty billion tons of good commercial more for children. Fourteen hundred men coal lie under the ground in the southwest and women live in the tent colonies along counties (including other fields than the the Tug River between Matewan and Wil five counties previously mentioned) accord liamson. ing to Dr. I. C. Whute, state geologist of I cannot see any sign of surrender on the West Virginia, and he further estimates part of the Mingo strikers, but of late some that there are one hundred billion tons more of the local superintendends have been of lower grade coal which later processes making some overtures to their old men. will make practicable for mining. The Losing capable miners who worked steadily wealth and industrial power which the for years on the same job, and getting operators- have at this stage in the fight on in exchange inexperienced miners who pull unionism is readily seen. out just about the time they get on the Mingo County Fight job, is very annoyng to the bosses. On the other hand the union scale of 61% cents a The operators are fighting grimly with ton seems much worse to them than com their backs to the wall. They have never pensating by the unweighed car. But when forgiven the loss of the Kanawha fields to they figure in the losses due to inexpertness the northeast. These fields were organized of the scabs, and the charge for ten cents in the early years of the twentieth century a ton for publicity and union fighting ex and again won back by the operators, then penses which has been exacted by the Wil unionized again after the Paint and Cabin liamson Field Coal Operators' Association Creek strikes of 1912 and 1913 when the it seems almost like a losing proposition. miners finally won after taking the most That might well be the attitude of the un aggressive action against the Baldwin-Felts fortunate petty operator, but the Steel Trust thugs. Now crowded against the south can well afford to lose all profits on that western part of the state—still holding the particular field for a year in order to win richest fields, it is true—scabbery is deter this strategic section for the open shop. mined that it shall lose no more. The fight is waging stubbornly now for the control The Open Shop Gunmen of Mingo County. Here a strike has been And as an integral part of the open shop in effect for fourteen months. Its history program the armies of deputized gunmen, OCTOBER, 1921 deputized by the county but paid by the ope Breaking the System rators, are needed, the interests judge. But gunmen may come and gunmen may There is little doubt that the gun and the go, but the system goes on. The system blackjack will continue to be used against can stand a reasonable loss of gunmen and unionism as long as there is a chance to still replenish its supply. Such big out beat unionism. No one seems to dispute goings, however, as in the Cabin Creek af that proposition with conviction, and I do fair, or in the battle of Logan County, to not see any serious intention on the part a lesser degree, are injurious to the sys of political authorities to interfere, not tem, but those do not occur often- withstanding the fact that the present gov The miners have to get the industrial ernor, Morgan, was elected on an anti-thug backing of the railroad workers. That much platform. Of course, the real government, seems pretty plain. With that backing they as distinguished from the political govern cannot be stopped. I put the case to a ment of West Virginia, is standing there former hard rock miner and western large as life for anyone who wishes to see. wobbly who is now digging coal in West The so-called "invisible government" is not Virginia. He had come down from another invisible in West Virginia. county to take part in the fighting. "What they need in every mining district A Gunman's Life is industrial education," said this fellow Of course the path of the gunman, him worker. "The trouble with so many of self, is not strewn with roses. Only the them is that they don't see how one indus most desperate of men will take a chance try hooks into the next. If they did they'd at that job in West Virginia today. While have an argument for these railroad men. his pay is good and his work light, yet the Of course there are some who do see, and more efficient he is as gunman, the less like are carrying on educational work, but there ly he is to continue the exercise of his craft ought to be more of it." indefinitely. Of the twenty-seven lives es He told me that very little literature, timated to have been lost in the Mingo labor outside of the West Virginia Federationist of Charleston which has some good gen field since the present strike trouble started, • eral matter, came into the fields. The- only the majority have not been members of the new literature that reached his mining vil working class. Even in the non-union coun lage, he said, was brought by an agent for ty of McDowell gunmen are not good in II Proletario, who sold some forty or fifty surance risks. It is only a year and several copies of his paper and several Industrial months ago that Tom Felts, the head of the Pioneers. "We want all the good industrial litera agency, was suddenly stripped of his bro ture we can get," he said, and with educa thers Albert and Lee Felts, at the battle of tion added to the West Virginia fighting Matewan in Mingo County. It is a risky spirit the boys of this state will lead the job, being a professional gunman. world." INDUSTRIAL PIONEER

millions of people in normal years. The average production is well capable of sus taining this life. Conditions in 1917 In 1917 the Russians were faced with acute hunger as a result of the destruction of food stocks and the break down of the capitalist industrial processes. Then came the revolution. In a country with no eco nomic organizations to seize the factories and keep the wheels of industry running there was little acceleration of production if any. The only achievement from the point of view of food supply was the equal ization and the apportionment of those stocks that were on hand so that all work ers might as nearly as possible receive the amount necessary to sustain life. Imperialist War and Blockade For three years the imperialist war had Famine has been a periodical event in depleted and disrupted the inter-related Russia as well as in the other backward processes of industry. The international exchange of commodities that is so neces countries of the capitalistic world from time sary in carrying on production were severe immemorial. It was taken as a matter of ly crippled. The whole system of produc course. tion was broken down before the revolu The late government of the Czar was tion took place and indeed the break down even opposed to the futile philanthropic was the fact that made the revolution pos relief organizations that spring up among sible. . Then came the terrible civil war forrient- well to do individuals at such times of so ed by the vultures of capitalism of the cial calamities. Any organized attempt to whole world. Soviet Russia in revolt was deal with the situations created by the fam forced to turn all her energy, all her forces ines in an adequate way were never con that could be and were anxious to be used sidered and even opposed. for reorganization purposes to the destruc About the only thing that could be said tive work of civil warfare. for methodic relief measures was that the White guard invasion was followed by prayers of the priesthood were raised con . the dynamiting of factories, bridges, mines, ceitedly while the government organiza workshops and every other factor in indus tions were used with precision to keep for trial life. The cattle and horses of the peas eigners from penertating the stricken re antry were run off and the depleted stocks gions and getting news out to the rest of of food were further destroyed. The abil the world. ity of Russia to organize her productive The Soviet Government is now faced forces was made into a huge problem and with a famine in some of the districts about task which could only be solved by the which the famine history of the past is well closest application to detail. Efficient or remembered. ganization was the prime necessity in both The Volga region like the areas of Kan war and peace and vast unions of produc sas and North Dakota is subject to periodic tive workers in industries were organized droughts. Also like these regions they have to create the machienry by which the in a fertile productive soil that supports many dustrial processes could be carried on in 10 OCTOBER, 1921 some measure and eventually in the course In foreign countries committees were es of years restored t6 the potential capacity tablished which were empowered to collect of pre-war days. funds and transport materials to Russia for the famine districts. Negotiations were at The Famine Strikes once entered into by the state department Then came the final blow on a people of the Soviet government and the adminis suffering under nearly every affliction trations or subservient groups of the va which a rampant capitalism could inflict. rious capitalist countries were enlisted for This last catastrophe was a natural one. the purpose of extending aid. It had happened before. The great drought of 1891 was repeated. The Motives of Capitalists Never was the necessity of efficient or The motives of the vampires of capital ganization so clearly shown. A district ism in extending this aid may be loudly larger than France and Germany com questioned. No one considers that after bined, was affected by the drought. Before doing every thing that dirty, underhanded the famine actually started full facts of the villiany could suggest to beat down the impending catastrophe were had in the Russian workers in their battle for work centralized offices of the Soviet govern ing class supremacy that the capitalistic ment. Early in June the preparations were masters have suddenly been stricken with started to deal with the situation even be last moment repentence. fore it had deleveloped into the stage where This is not the idea that actuates them. actual starvation was staring all living be There are three factors that enter chiefly ings in the Volga region in the face. into the motives for such organizations as the Red Cross sections of the allied nations The Famine Committee and the American Relief Administration, The Non-Partisan Famine Relief Com- entering into Russia to dp relief work. The mitte was formed early in July and at once first consideration was the opportunity to every department of the entire industrial duplicate the counter-revolutionary work processes of Russia and the points of con which had been so successful in the historic tact with the rest of the world were put case of Hungary. under the closest scrutiny in the work of The second and perhaps the most power organizing the greatest relief work of mod ful factor is the fact that such an invasion ern history. of the country would furnish an admirable The dependence of the people of Russia opening for trade, provided that counter on their fragmentary and dislocated indus revolutionary plans fell through. Then the trial equipment with its workers cannot be chance to get a good whack at the con emphasized too strongly, especially in such cessions offered by the Soviet government work. Amongst the unions of these work may have been a powerful motive. ers rapid mobilization of relief bodies and mechanical equipment took place, so, that The American Committee the entire machinery of transportation With due regard to these things the Rus could be shifted so as to handle and trans sian Famine Committee have gone with port materials from other points in to the concentrated thought and action at the stricken regions, instead of the customary proposition of effecting relief. Donations course of traffic which was the other way. have been asked for and committees of va All organs of publicity were at once en rious organizations have been set up to listed in solving the problems of the fam collect such funds. In America the funds ine. The entire staff of the department of and materials for such work are being col health was mobilized to overcome outj lected by the Friends of Soviet Russia, 201 breaks of epidemies. Everywhere to the W. 13th St., New York City. Other organ best of their ability effective organization izations have been set up in other countries was put into action and a program was with similar purposes and using similar laid down to work, too. appeals. INDUSTRIAL PIONEER

Industrial Aid effort that they now have, must have the To members of the I. W. W. such active aid of the workers of other lands. organization work seems admirable. The This aid under present conditions of cap quick decisive manuevering of forces and italist control as well as under conditions materials is the object sought by industrial of future workers control must be indus organization. It is through efficient indus trial in nature. When the capitalist class trial organization only that the greatest ef wanted us to load munitions to send to forts along these lines can be exercised. Russia to kill our fellow workers there we The dynamic force of industrial action had but one arm of action to resort to and is all powerful in society today. The ability that was direct economic action. to handle this force depends on the extent Weakness Caused Failure and character of the organization that ex ists in the industries. With the One Big That we failed in stopping the shipments Union operating in the whole of Russia as and the movements of munitions was not at present, they are able to mobilize and because our tactics were wrong but because exert the energy of the entire Russian we were not organized strongly enough to working class for the great battle of famine enforce aid for our battling fellow workers. resistance. Today the comparative strength of the That they will improve and develope this organized workers of Russia prevents it be One Big Union on industrial lines is as ing of the fullest aid to the workers of sured. But this can be only of local assist Russia again. We can produce all the many ance to the Russian workers or the workers things that are so necessary to furnish the of other countries in their fight with the workers of Russia. Yet because of our own capitalist class. lack of organization in the industries and Industry is an international and interde on the job we are impotent. We are only pendent series of processes. In order to able to express solidarity with the world's produce really effective relief work in Rus toilers- sia or in order to produce any other really Organize Our Power effective, constructive or revolutionary work any place else it is necessary to have The thing for the workers of the world the workers of the industry organized not to do in order to place themselves in a po off the job in clubs and sections but on the sition so that it will be possible to extend job according to industry. It is necessary aid to the workers everywhere is to organ to have industrial organization on the same ize the economic power of the working international and unified basis as the indus class. We have that power. It is vested tries represent. in us. The only thing that is needed is to organize it. Industrial Power In respect to our power we are like the Industrial power, the ability to control Falls of Niagara. We have the potential and do things on the job is the secret of source of strength and action but because success which any group seeking social the workers of America are not organized power must understand. The working on the job where that power resides, we class of Russia, in order to extend the forces can do nothing but go tumbling down the of working class control, in order to build great cliff of capitalist imbecility and re up and develope the organs of constructive pression. Let's get organized industrially!

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12 The Negro Worker Falls Into Line

By Robert H. Hardoen

IN ACCORD with the historic tendency rection in West Virginia, have emerged of a wide-spread group sentiment to three distinct types of negro sentiment and crystallize into organized effort, it has lines of action more or less defined. The long been expected that the general dis oldest of these is represented by the Na content among the American colored people tional Association for the Advancement of would sooner or later express itself through Colored People. This is an organization militant bodies with the broad general ob comprised of Negro scholars and business ject of emancipation by any or all of the men, together with quite a number of white means that other peoples have always em journalists, liberals, philanthropists, etc., ployed to rid themselves of oppression. The official organ of the association is "The Crisis," of which Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois is The Nationalist Quagmire the editor. Its activities are confined largely The great danger attendant upon 'all the to awakening a wide-spread sympathy for movements for group emancipation is that the Negro's problem. A well managed pub they may become purely nationalistic or licity bureau endeavors to investigate lyn- racial in their aspects, rather than built chings, riots, etc., and carries on a ceaseless along lines that take into consideration the campaign against Jim Crowism, and all le economic foundations of society. This, as gislation aimed at depriving the Negro of every class conscious worker knows, ac his rights as a citizen. Further than this, counts for the strange anomaly that so the Association does not attempt to go. many workers (most of them in the craft unions and some few in industrial unions, The U. N. I. A. too) have never lost their nationalistic ten By far the greatest Negro organization dencies, as witness the Polish workers who in the world is the Universal Negro Im loaded ammunition for Wrangel, and that provement Association, at the head of which strange creature %whom we encounter now stands a full-blooded Negro publicist of the and then—the Zionist radical. British West Indies, named Marcus Garvey. Two points explain this anomaly: first, The aim of this society organized only three all of us have been thinking as races and years ago and now numbering two million nations for a hundred centuries, and only members is a free Africa. They have adopt a very few are beginning to think as work ed a flag and racial emblem comprised of ers; secondly, the well known campaign of red, black and green stripes, running paral the capitalistic class to assiduously culti lel. A steamship line, made up of six ves vate every line of working class division sels, all named for colored writers or poets, possible, which just now during the present and called the Black Star Line is already economic crisis is being kindled into a fury plying between New York, Liberia, Jamaica of veritable nationalistic madness never and the northern coast of South America. known before, evidenced by anti-English, Approached with a discussion of the class anti-Japanese, anti-Catholic, anti-foreigner, struggle, the members of the Universal anti-Negro, anti-Russian, anti-Jew and es Negro Improvement Association insist that pecially anti-everything that portends social no mere change of social structure can be change. expected to eradicate a century-old race Divisions of Ideas: The N. A. A. C. P. hatred overnight in America and point to Out of this pandemonium of shrieking, that almost solid wall of opposition which clawing class war, with its variegated false the Southland offers to every progressive and real issues, from "white supremacy" idea, and Garvey himself, while recognizing in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to the miner's insur that the race question is basically economic, IS INDUSTRIAL PIONEER

maintains that an ethical superstition forms comings of political socialists of every race another important factor that no possible the world over. rearrangement of society can eliminate) not A smaller but more dynamic force among even education, that is conventional educa the colored radicals is the "Crusader," of tion, for educated folk and educators are ficial organ of the African Blood Brother often prejudiced. hood, edited by a militant, class conscious Of course the flaw in this reasoning is man named Cyril Briggs. The African not that they seek a free Africa ; all peoples Blood Bhotherhood is an organization that desiring freedom should have it and no one was originally formed to protect the race can dispute Mr. Garvey's reasoning that from armed attacks by its enemies and to racial antipathy will, like every element of prevent lynching, in accord with the world- human consciousness, live somewhat longer old law of self defense. The Brotherhood than the conditions that gave rise to it and educates its members in the class struggle have kept it alive. But just as the decapi and at the same time functions as an under tated serpent without its head must die and ground answer to the Ku Klux Klan. Their the engine that has exhausted its fuel must motto is, "Better a thousand race riots than stop, just so the race problem bereft of its a single lynching!" economic basis must vanish from American Lest anyone think that this is only race- life. consciousness, we hasten to append the fol The same danger lies hidden in the Gar- lowing from their manifesto issued at the vey movement that is to be found in the last convention held in New York City, Sinn Fein movement or the Zionist move August 1921.' "Negroes of the World, the ment, namely, that in fleeing the claws of day the European ('?) workers rise in a lion in the form of foreign capitalists armed Insurrection against the capitalist they may rush pell mell into the jaws of exploiters of black and, white toilers, we a tiger in the form of capitalists of their must see to it that Negro troops are not own group. available as "White Guards" to crush the rising power of the workers' revolution! The Real Radicals On that day, Negro comrades, the cause The third division of Negro sentiment, of the white workers will be the cause of and by far the most prominent of all so the black workers, the cause of a free Af far as vision and perspective of the true rica, the cause of a Europe freed from ca nature of their problem is concerned, is pitalist control." represented by a rapidly growing group The I. W. W. and the Negro who call themselves the "New Negro," in contradistinction to the black man with the In no organization is the colored worker vestigial slave psychology, whom they con made to feel more welcome or given a temptuously designate as an "Uncle Tom" better chance than in the Industrial Work or an "Old Negro." This "new Negro" is ers of the World. Throughout the West and at once the most interesting as well as the Southeast as well as the docks of Pennsyl most intelligent of colored folk. The type vania ports such as Philadelphia, great is that of the awakening millions of toilers headway has been made in lining up the of the changing world, done in blacks and colored worker. The I. W. W. tolerates no browns. The leading mouthpiece of this race lines, plays no politics, discriminates section of the race is the "Messenger," a against no groups because of color or creed. magazine published in New York City by The program is industrial organization of two young Negro socialists, A. Chandler all the workers of a given industry into Owen and Philip Randolph who, in spite job or city branches which, in turn, are of the fact that they have gone far in part of the One Big Union built to fight putting the economic question before their the battles of the present and so organized people, have, nevertheless, all the short that at the collapse of the dilapidated old 14 OCTOBER, 1921

structure of capitalism the workers may Klan; that the white tradesman and white assume control of industry and administer business man will hate him for taking it to serve the needs of humanity and not away "their" job or patronage as long as for profit as at present. the present competitive system stands. In this program lies the greatest hope for They point out the folly of Du Bois' con the solution of the Negro problem, which tinual petitioning of Congress to pass an is in reality only a special phase of the anti-lynching bill which must result in al international labor problem. That this is lowing the spirit of revolt to grow among the case cannot be disputed by any black the cotton workers and so curtail the pro man who will but reflect that wherever fits of the Southern planter. They point colored people live in small numbers as in to the economic roots of the World War that France or Canada or New England, no race centered around colonies, most of which problem exists, but as soon as black men lay in Africa, and try to tell the Garvyite come in sufficient numbers to become a that without the Social Revolution a few factor in the labor market, the race problem million poverty-stsicken black men cannot appears. hope to establish a free Africa with the In conclusion, let us note this "New combined armies of the whole capitalistic- Negro" has completely exploded the ancient world waiting to crush them. fallacious doctrine of Prof. Booker T. Wash Indeed, this "New Negro" is a force to ington, by showing their people, through be reckoned with in the class struggle. practical demonstration, that merely getting Already he is causing those that have used educated, learning a trade, going into a him so long as a strike breaker, many a profession or becoming a petty bourgeoisie sleepless night, arid the authorities are would not solve the race problem, but on the steadily "investigating." contrary it only intensifies it. They do The writer who is one of them wishes not hesitate to show their brethren that if to say to our white fellow workers: "Move the young colored medical graduate takes the patients of the white physician, the over, fellow workers, move over. We're white man will not love him for it, but on coming in. We've heard that the water's the contrary is likely to join the Ku Klux fine !

The Hand - Out Route

By Hambone Bill

O judge him not too harshly For the jobless army grows As he raps at your back door; As the jobs grow less, Ju«t because he looks untidy, When your turn is coming You needn't get so sore. Is a thing you cannot guess.

Mayhap tomorrow your own loved one How about your boss; Will join the hobo band, Is he, too, on the road? And on some woman's door-step Or is it he that kicks you out Hand-out bumming stand. When you rap at his abode?

If you care to change conditions, If you care to own jour job, UNITE AND TAKE THE WORKSHOPS! Cut out your whines and sobs.

15 INDUSTRIAL PIONEER

The Industrial Pioneer TO MEMBERS OF THE INDUS- I A Journal of Revolutionary Induttrial Unioniam TRIAL WORKERS OF THE WORLD Published by the Let's wheel into action! General Executive Board The long predicted failure of capital-- of the ism is close at hand. Society is enter Industrial Workers of the World ing a crisis from which there can be but one way out. That way is through 1001 West Madison Street Chicago, DL the working class of the world, or Subscription price, $2.50 per year; 25 cents ganizing on the industrial field, taking per copy; bundle orders, 15 cents per copy, over the industries and the social non-returnable; express charged "collect." power and wielding both for the benefit of society as a whole. ■ Action on the part of the member ship of the Industrial Workers of the THE IRON HEEL World is the necessity of the moment! The great social change which we con Craft unionism has depended for its template can only be brought about existence on that division in the ranks of the owning classes which will permit . with the aid of intensive activity on groups of employers tp "recognize" the va the part of every member. Millions of rious unions. workers are unemployed. They are This slight breach pf employing class eager for the propaganda of the I. W. solidarity was first brought jto an end by W. Get it to them! the Steel Trust some years ago. It has been The miserable conditions forced on decided to abolish it altogether in Ameri the workers of the country make a can industry, by the substituted American fertile field for our organization on plan, within the last year or two. every job. Remember that we must The Pennsylvania railroad, the Chica be organized on the job in every basic go packing houses, and the oil industry industry or our action will be far short are the latest and most glaring examples of that which is necessary in order of the fact that capital is closing up its to build the new society. | ranks for the final struggle. A strike is Our immediate aim is the FOUR- I threatened in all these places by the par HOUR DAY. That is the only solution ' to the , unemployment problem facing ffl tially organized crafts who have solidly the working class as long as capitalism refused to form industrial unions or even remains in existence. Take out creden to amalgamate or consider affiliation for tials and get busy with both employed fighting purposes. They are doomed unless and unemployed workers at once. they use better and more class conscious Organize and act, and capitalism tactics. will soon be a matter of history. On The increased solidarity amongst the with the organization! The agricul ranks of capitalists can only be opposed tural industry, the lumber industry, the mining and oil industries, the rail by increased solidarity and activity in the and marine transport industries, the ranks of labor. steel industry—these are the basic in Organize industrially on the job whether dustries that we must control. In order the boss likes it or not and by linking job to bring this age of misery to an end, to job and shop committee to shop commit ?et busy on the job — AGITATE, tee we will build in each industry the EDUCATE, ORGANIZE! easily mobilized force which will be able Yours for Industrial Direct Action, to win from the employers of America not General Executive Board only recognition that we exist but the con of the Industrial Workers of the World trol of the industries and our lives. 16 OCTOBER, 1921

EMPHASIS dustrial lines. This change in emphasis has taken place in the chief' organs of the THE program of the I. W. W. is defi I. W. W. press and was emphasized in the nitely conveyed in the slogan that has resolutions of the General Convention. been heralded far and wide—Educa Organization of the industries is the big tion, Organization, Emancipation. This job ahead of the I. W. W. right now. Our program has been laid down in an indus past experimentation with forms and theo trial country and has been the guiding light ries of organizing industrially has brought of an industrial union organization of forward the present industrial unions and working class members. units that are the basis for one big union Action has ever been the outstanding of all the workers. Building up these unions feature of the militant I. W. W. Action is the part of the original I. W. W. program was the method chosen in putting across the that we must lay our emphasis- on now. first part of the program. Education was The critical condition of the capitalist carried to millions by means of precept and industrial and social system force this example. The whole I. W. W. was used change of emphasis upon us. We know bet primarily as a means of educating the ter than any other group what those con workers of this and other lands toward ditions are. Six million workers are un militant class consciousness. employed and the unemployment is increas Tons of literature have been circulated ing in alarming fashion. Misery and want in every language that has any importance stare us in the face on all sides. Overhead in the world. Regular periodicals have been indebtedness of staggering proportions for printed in seventeen different languages be each man, woman and child of the capitalist sides English. The entire emphasis of the nations precludes any revival of the capital I. W. W. was laid on Education. Our big ist system without cutting off the owners of successful strikes were used to educate the the mortgages on the wealth of the world, strikers and the rest of the workers as from their expected interest, and strangling well. Free speech fights were waged and hold on the workers' throats. No way out court battles fought all for the sake of the of the dilemma is apparent without a education that would acrue to the working change in the social system. That is the out class. standing fact of the moment. Capitalism Sometimes we neglected our organization has dealt its own death blow and while it chances. Sometimes in order to get across may hang on miserably and viciously for the ideas of industrial unionism and work yearsi still there is no other alternative ers solidarity we lost many active members than the transfer of all power to the work into the ever ready maws of the capitalist ing class. prisons. But the work of education went This is the historical fact that faces the on. I. W. W. The I. W. W. is facing this fact Today we stand at a point in the develop as it has faced all facts, looking it straight ment of social events where we must change in the face. There is but one way to act our emphasis. We have succeeded so well in the presence of such a situation and in our educational campaign that where- that is to get the organization ready so ever you go you will be met with the class that industrial power will be on hand when ideas of industrial unionism. We have suc the conditions become so unbearable that ceeded in educating millions into the ideas we will be forced to take over and operate of industrial class unionism. the industries ourselves. We must not cast aside our educational The first step to be taken in putting activity. We must not forget to play up across big organization drives in the in the class struggle and the horrors of wage dustries is to know where the industries slavery but we must change our emphasis are located. This requires industrial re to organization of the working class on in search. Some of the industries have been 17 INDUSTRIAL PIONEER

charted out to our complete satisfaction by tions are the only ones that are capable of the capitalists of the country. We need all resisting the efforts of the organized ca the industrial charts that we can get from pitalist class to grind down and keep in the capitalists. We need to use them for subjugation the workers of the world. Such the purpose of our organization work. We an organization is the only one that can need to know the industries in their rela during periods of revolution exert the full tion to raw material and the finished pro power of the industrial processes on the side duct so that we may organize in strategic of the working class. places. Above all we need to organize and To intelligently produce such an organiza then organize more strongly. tion means the acquisition of industrial This is the point of emphasis which we knowledge and the putting of such know must use. We cannot neglect our educa ledge to work right now in getting our tional purpose but we must emphasize or organization into the entire structure of ganization, else the collapse of capitalism the basic industries. will be upon us and we will have nothing Productive organizations do not spring up of a constructive nature done to insure spontaneously. With the abolition of ca the carrying on of production. pitalist control tomorrow we would be faced We need industrial charts, industrial with the greatest chaos the world has ever knowledge and organization plans now in seen. We would, to be sure, have all the our daily struggles and activities. With workers that knew all about every process definite knowledge of the industries we can in every industry. We would have all the be more successful and efficient in our lite material that the government and the tech rature drives upon which depends much of nical workers had spent years gathering the organization success. Organized indus and tabulating somewhere, but we would trial knowledge is as much more powerful have no organization to handle it. To de than unorganized and uncollected indus pend on spontaneous organization on the trial knowledge as organized workers are spur of the moment to efficiently carry on mors powerful than unorganized ones. the industrial processes would be the be If you have knowledge of the industrial ginning of the greatest disaster that ever processes and the way in which maps of struck the world. the industries may be easily obtained get In the process of constructing a building in touch with the central office and give the blue prints are all laid out beforehand. them the benefit of your knowledge. We Each operation and each contact joint is can get much of this material that is so thought out by the architects and is checked necessary right now from the capitalists but off by a fellow technician. The plan for the much we shall have to dig out ourselves. structure is complete before the earth is The path which future events shall take stirred to erect the building. depends on how strongly we emphasize and We know that such minute detail can put across industrial organization today. never be achieved in regards to preparing The organizations of the craft unions are the organization of the industries. We also of little value for the purpose of either know that some measure of such prepara fighting the daily struggles of the workers, tion is necessary or our attempt to operate as active units in the forces of social re the industries during a transition period volution or for the purpose of carrying on will be a tremendous fizzle. production when all power has been placed Operating the industries efficiently is not in the hands of the workers. a matter of enthusiasm or of revolutionary Industrial unions built into the function- zeal. It is a matter of careful organiza d and physical structure of each entire tion according to facts of industry. We incustry are structurally prepared to carry know that in an industrial country the pro on smoothly the complex and intricate work cesses are interacting and interdependent. of indastrial production. Such organiza We know that the millions of people de ls OCTOBER, 1921 pend on the functioning of industry for It will be more tragic than that, for the their daily food and daily lives. lives of millions of persons will depend on Should the workers of the industrial coun the functioning of the processes of produc tries step in and attempt to take over the tion and distribution. So we see the big social power before the organization in the fundamental reasons for the change in basic industires is strong enough to carry emphasis in the matter of the I. W. W. on and ensure production, then indeed they program. We still stick to our guns. We will be like the contractor that gathered his will educate, organize and emancipate the shinglers on the job before the foundation workers but just now we want to emphasize was laid. organization.

United Action Wins Power

19 Copper Smelting

By John Hammer

THE smelting of copper is only one of It was not till the firm establishment of the processes that copper is put the state with the complete breaking up through in modern times to produce of the old tribal and family system of gov the lustrous metal so necessary to indus ernment that slavery grew into the most try. brutal and degraded forms seen on earth. It is a process, older than civilization, Egypt and Asia Minor were the seats of that has come down with the ages linked the mighty and the millions of toilers were up always with the most brutal forms of always in deadly fear of the fate that slavery and repression in each succeeding might fall on their heads at any time. They generation. accepted the old tribal idea that the life Native copper implements were in use of the captive belonged to thet master. among the races of savagery long before The public works needed slaves and so smelting was discovered at all. The use the dragnet was spread in the form of of the rough beaten bits of metal ham ruthless laws, high taxes and slave drives mered from the living rock was widespread so that rebelliousness or initiative in a and helped tremendously in the urging worker was sure to bring down the most forward of the meagre savage intelligence terrible of fates on himself and family. to make the later discoveries of agricul The Slave Unprovided for ture, of home construction and of smelting copper and iron. Thousands of these "criminals" were an The introduction of private property, nually gathered up and herded to the cop with agricultural advance, heralded the per camps or to the public works of the - system of exploitation. Slaves were the na day. There was absolutely no provision tural result of progress under the current made for their upkeep. They depended ignorant and superstitious system of ideas. on the charity of their families. There were no houses supplied, no food provided. The Coming of the Slave State The only thing furnished the suffering With slavery came the great boom in mass of humans was the lash. the production of copper. There were no They worked in shifts of twelve, twenty- mines at first. The primitive smelters were four, or forty-eight hours as the boss dic fed with loose oxide ore easily fused in the tated and had to rustle their sustenance little clay lined basins by simple methods after their labor was performed and they of fueling and attendance. had escaped from the brutality of their The metallurgists of that primitive day labor but not of their guards. made some wonderful discoveries. They No sanitary provisions were made what mixed tin and copper and produced ever and the workmen died like flies. Fresh bronze, a metal that builded the civiliza hordes were ever impaneled and on and tions of antiquity. The forms of slavery that on the tide of suffering and death swept fed the copper industry were indescribably while copper and tin were being produced brutal. At first the tribal wars fed the in ever greater quantities. little smelters with men, women and chil Every conceivable plan was used to keep dren slaves who existed from day to day the soldiers and guards from feeling the knowing their lives to be forfeit, but later spark of human pity and sympathy for these captives produced whole generations the unhappy industrial slaves. They were of men and women that were born in bon rewarded for brutality and later were care dage and accepted their position as in fully selected from provinces that could evitable. not speak the language of the slaves. They 20' OCTOBER, 192 1

were educated to look on the working taking over of Cyprus by the Phoenecians. group as beings of an alien nature and un The Phoenecians were a mysterious people. speakably inferior. They seem to have appeared suddenly That great slave revolts broke out can oh the horizon of history and to have been not be denied. But there is no record of endowed with considerable mechanical any success in these uprisings. Bodies of knowledge and skill. It has been logically desperate men sometimes escaped and fled presumed that they were a group of es perhaps to safety but the system rolled on caped smelter slaves from the horrors of down the thousands of years claiming its the Euphrates slave pens. millions of victims for the vilest degrada Be that as it may they presented quali tion. The savage mind was impregnated ties of workmanship and efficient social with superstitions. The slaves were bound organization that more than any other in chains of fear of the supernatural. It factor made possible the development of was the system of ideas that kept the cop latter day civilization. They were the first per smelters alive with scenes of the most to take the primitive fisherman's scallop horrible brutality and submissiviness. and raft and turn them into the galleys that plied the high seas till the day of Slavery and Progress Columbus. They improved the methods of The one outstanding feature of this long weaving and were the first to dye cloth. period is that from the foundation of the first slave monarchical state till the break Maintaining the Slaves ing up of the Roman Empire there was They made the highest grade of bronze not one single advance in copper smelting implements and spread their products methods. During the previous era when throughout the continents of Europe, Asia the tribal structure still allowed personal and Africa in the course of their wide thinking on lines of inventions and opera trade. They were slave, holders and trad tions the knowledge was arrived at that ers but their rule was as a rule of mercy later made possible the production of met compared with the wasteful destruction of als. human beings in the older slave states. The small clay lined furnace was im For the first time on the island of Cyprus proved in those early days of comparative the copper workers were provided with freedom by the use of a bellows which food and shelter in return for their work. was operated by leg power. This was the By organizing the workers better and by forerunner of the great modern blast fur using sly methods of encouragement the nace that today consumes thousands of tons copper production was increased many of ore and coke weekly and turns out times over the old more brutal system. hundreds of tons of copper matte. The hills of Cyprus were in places covered The first copper furnace handled at the from top to bottom with the little pit fur most but a few pounds of ore and the pro naces with their bellows and attendant cesses were so primitive and wasteful that slaves. the bronze of the period must have made The poisonous fumes rolled up with in necessary many thousands of such furnaces creasing density to the top of the moun with their poisonous fumes and their scur tain while the day and night work went rying activity. on. There in the thick choking air the From Egypt and Mesopotamia the cop smelter slaves moved breathing and chok per center moved to the Island of Cyprus ing even as they do today when caught in from which is derived the modern name the puffs of gas and smoke that comes of copper. from tapped reverberatory or settler and The Phoenicians from ladled matte or metal. The latest improvements in converter structure have The first improvement in the organiza only recently helped tp overcome the ener tion of copper production came with the vating poison of smelter work. What

21 INDUSTRIAL PIONEER the slave oftoday breathes chokingly in the society. Their ideas forced a great surge process of making copper from the ores is forward in the ideas of the mass. The me only an echo of the fumes and gases that thods of old time were held no longer to once assailed his forebears. be sacred principles of the Gods. New ideas smoldered and grew into being. Spreading the System Mohammedanism swept the island of The Phoenecians spread their slave sys Cyprus out of the hands of the Byzantine tem over all the world. They mined copper empire again and again. The Barbarians in Spain and used Bilboa for their smelter of the western empire used new methods town and export port. They mined tin in and experimented in the production of Cornwall, England and in the great copper. Spain, Austria and Scandinavia smithies and factories of Tyre and Sidon developed copper production. they turned out the bronze that is scattered throughout the Eastern Hemisphere. The The New Age slaves of the Phoenecians were granted The copper smeltermen entered into the food, cloth and shelter as a right and to handicraft era along with all the other this day the slave labors on the basis that workers. They perfected their guild or he is entitled to the wage equivalent of ganizations and worked in guild cities. The food, cloth and shelter. free cities of the Hanseatic League worked Previous to this time the slave was not and dealt in copper and copper products. given anything. Slavery meant life for During this period when labor organiza feiture in so far as the copper men were tion was the rule and a certain democracy concerned. existed among the workers new methods Carthage succeeded Tyre and Sidon and were tried out and new basic principles became the port of the Phoenecians. Lo were developed. The old principle of air cated midway between the tin of Cornwall pressure was added to and enlarged and and the copper of Cyprus they soon took produced the first blast furnace with tuyers the lead in the production of bronze mer and stack. chandise. They instituted harsh slave meas Blast furnaces were developed in Spain, ures but they never attempted to take away Germany, Austria, Scandinavia and the great principle advanced that food and France. Connected with this new blast shelter was the right of the working slave. principle was the great demand for char It was found that this measure was a pro coal and for years the charcoal woodsmen fitable one in the production of goods. and the smeltermen were closely allied as Rome arose and in the trade wars that interdependent units of production. The followed Rome emerged victorious. The great struggles of the workers of this era copper slaves of Cyprus labored for their were largely led by these two units. The new masters in the same old way. Iron, charcoal burner has come down in his by this time was creeping in more and more tory as the personification of the rebel. to replace copper. Shipbuilding, however, His fellow worker the smelter man was needed copper and the world was enter by his side in the great revolts that took ing on a great era of trading. Copper fas place against king and nobility. Many of tenings have marked the grave yard of the copper towns were wiped out by royal ships till modern times when the steel hull order and overwhelming forces. But the replaced the wooden one. new principles of workmanship which they developed were the very basis on which Barbarous Democrats . the industrial era of modern society has When the break up of the Roman Em pire by the barbarian hordes of the north been built. and east came about there was injected The Coming Wage Slavery a new spirit in the attitude of slave \o mas The workers of this period were the ter. The Barbarian victors were not slave forerunners of the industrial workers of holders and came from a democratic tribal today. They were oppressed slaves and 22 OCTOBER, 1921 though not according to law the property was built up the biggest smelting works of their masters yet in point of fact and that the world had ever seen. Ore was re in the application of the law of indenture ceived from every climate and land and they were private property. the dictatorship of the Copper Barons of During the turbulent times of the Eng Swansea was felt wherever metal was lish revolt which covered many years of mined or used. action and reaction the small minority of The labor involved in tending an old copper smelter men played their part reverberatory furnace of this type was tre along with the rest of the working class. mendous. Facing fearful heat the furnace However, copper was by no means an im men worked over and over the calcining portant commodity so they were not in a ore or skimmed the smelted charge with strategic position. heavy rabbles, big hoe like tools that are During these revolutionary days there in use to this day. grew up the idea and the practice of wage From Wales the reverberatory method payment and in the earliest copper smelt was spread to all the modern countries. ers of Keswick, England, we find wage In Baltimore, Maryland, the Welsh system slavery in full swing. This system rapidly was installed and a regular colony of replaced the old Phoenecian principle of Welsh smeltermen imported to operate the the slave being entitled to food, cloth and furnaces. This occurred about twenty shelter and spread throughout all the years before the opening of the American changing forms of British production. Civil War and created quite a demand for Wage slavery was developed in England American copper as the Baltimore product more rapidly than anywhere else in the was the best in the world, in quality. world. In the accelerated production of steel and iron that followed on the wake America Enters the Field of wage payments the British capitalist Baltimore remained for many years the only continued and elaborated this idea. only great American copper smelter Labor power in Britain was for the .first worthy of the name. It handled the ores time reduced to the commodity level which and mattes of Tennessee, Virginia, Mary has distinguished it everywhere under the land, Vermont and Lake Ontario as well capitalist economy. as rich ores from Chili. After the Civil War California and Arizona both sent The Welsh Process quantities of rich oxides and mattes to be In Wales owing to a lack of charcoal smelted and refined in the old Welsh way. material they attempted to use coal in the The rich native ores of Superior were smelting process. There were many great also treated in Baltimore and later the failures and disappointments. Expert process was installed in Cleveland and workmen were brought over from the Ger Detroit to handle the Superior output. To man and Austrian works and were given intimate at this time that the blast fur a free hand by the Britons to go ahead and nace principle could be installed to oust experiment. From their experiment dev the reverberatory method was laughed at eloped the famous Welsh process of smelt as absurd; yet, in a few years after the ing. discovery of the water jacket type of The principle of the blast was aban blast furnace the production of copper by doned. The reverberatory furnace was in this method greatly outstripped the rever stalled. By repeated experimentation it was beratory system. found that by drawing on different ores The Blast Furnace Comes Back with a different chemical base that great quantities of ore could be run through In connection with the introduction of these small brick furnaces that looked like blast furnaces there occurred the new me so, many dutch ovens of large size. Coal thod of matte conversion known as besse- was used as fuel and at Swansea Wales merizing. Huge blast converters handled 23 INDUSTRIAL PIONEER the liquid mattes from both reverberatory the copper smelting of the world been a and blast furnaces and turned out high concerted planful attempt made to organ grade refining copper with a tenth of the ize these workers as an industry. labor power and time formerly needed. It is true that organizations have sprung Today Great Britain produces so little up in various smelters and after giving copper as to be uncounted in production battle to the boss on local questions have charts, while at one time seventy-five per been overcome either by repressive force or cent of the world's copper was smelted cunning compromise and strategy. there. In Butte, Montana, there was once con • The Labor Struggles siderable unionism amongst the smelter The new efficient method of copper pro men and they sent a representation to the duction like new and efficient methods first convention that brought the I. W. W.

These Early Bessemer Converters Are Now Replaced with Big Ones with Ten Times the Capacity.. everywhere produced no change in the into existence. It is this radical spirit lives of the copper workers. The regular amongst the smelter men of Butte that first twelve hour shift was enforced in the broke the back of the twelve hom- day. The making of copper from Baltimore, Mary hours were not cut to ten but owing to the land and Perth Amboy, New Jersey, to the shift system so necessary for smelter work Selby works on Frisco Bay. they were forced down to eight at one The big demonstrations and strikes of crack. The laborers were working ten hours 1885-86 and 87 left the smeltermen still for a long time after the eight hour day toiling in their old accustomed heat and was installed in the furnace and converter sulphuric misery. True their lot was im rooms. proved slightly over the workers of more The smelter in Butte was discontinued primitive days because of the greater me and Great Falls and Anaconda became the chanical aids and methods. But hours and smelting points for the Butte ore. The seg working conditions did not improve in regation of the smelter men seemed to other ways than the technical needs of the deaden the organization spirit to some ex processes demanded. tent but nevertheless the ideas that induced There has at no time in the history of the smoke eaters to send a delegation to OCTOBER, 1921

Chicago in 1905, kept alive the spirit of There have been local battles in nearly revolt and when the I. W. W. reached down every smelter town and camp on the con into the copper country with the arm of tinent, but today there is at no place a real organization they responded quickly and the permanent organization with industrial smeltermen of Anaconda and Great Falls power. The I. W. W. with their active class were among the earliest to line up. struggle program inspired the most of the struggles either directly or by precept, but The Owners Come Through the I. W. W. never succeeded in laying down The organization of these workers in and putting across a planned campaign of spired the owners of the other big smelters organization in the entire copper industry of the country to philanthropic action. From at once. San Antonio, Texas, to Tacoma, Wash., in Industrial Plans fact wherever the oligarchy of copper exerted their rule there were sudden con Such well laid plans were discussed and cessions made the men. Eight hours a day even ventured on as beginnings, then came they suddenly claimed, was enough for the the sudden storm of repression and they furnace man and helpers to work. They were given up for the time being. But to went further and formed welfare clubs and day the inevitable necessity of such organi all sorts of institutions to further the zation drives presents itself to us forcibly. "beauty" in life for the employees. The copper industry is no different from In Tacoma the common laborers out in the other industries. They all need organiz the yards were not included in this phi ing and the production of copper is an es lanthropy. They were asked to continue at sential in the industrial life of the world. ten hours and being unorganized they did The Late Growth of the Industry so. But organization crept in. The I. W. W. had been doing wonderful things with Many great technical changes have taken sudden spontaneous revolts and the spirit place of late in the industry of converting was in the air. When the copper kings ore into copper for industrial use. The first decided to cut down to the very limit the Bessemer converters were replaced with wages of the common slaves they revolted. big berthas working on the same principle but of such gigantic size as to make the Isolated Strikes original marvels look like little bean pots. For months the smelter of Tacoma was Smoke and gas conveyers today make the an armed camp and scabs were recruited life of the converter man with his puncher from among the scum of the nearby cities and helper more livable because this smoke and from the elect of the universities and nowadays is settled in the big Cottrell plants Y. M. C. A. crowd. The strike was broken along with all the rest of the smoke and without pity and there was no lack of bru gases, and brings in reurns for the valuable tality and gun play in the breaking. The by-products so rescued. , strikers were mostly Austrians and Irish, Today the reverberatory furnace is com a combination that hung together tenacious ing back into its own as the big economical ly and fought to the bitter end but they feature in copper production. Today the were not organized solidly nor carefully oil burning reverberatory furnaces are giant enough. Their strike, however, brought expanses of brick and steel and stretch returns to later workers, for after the strike from a hundred to a hundred and fifty feet was lost at last and more prosperous times long and are from forty to fifty feet wide. .confronted the industry there came the In the latest and best managed ones the eight hour day to all the workers in the back breaking rabble is no longer the tool plant for the bosses figured wisely in the of constant use. It is ever on hand but the matter and gave scraps to the workers be furnaces flow in the skimming except in fore they took things into their own hands. rare instances of exceptional hard smelting In other places the same thing happened. ores.

OCTOBER, 1921

The Great Productive Power Pulling the job is no longer the efficient These furnaces handle in a twenty four way to battle the boss. The big thing that hour shift as high as four hundred tons is facing the I. W. W. in the future is to of mixed calcined ore, concentrates and fine pull off the biggest strike in histry and go material while but a few short years ago back to work when the boss has shut the the supermen of Wales were crowing that industries down and thrown away the key. they had reached the ultimate in copper To be able to do this successfully means production when their furnaces ran four organization work from right now to tons through the smelting process. the finish. The I. W. W. has never failed Is it any wonder that copper production in what it started out to do. Sometimes makes millions in profits for the venerable what we started out to do was abortive of and venereal gentlemen that by means of results but we arrived at our goal anyway. title deed and organized force extract it The copper smelters of the country are from the slaves that toil by day and night tangible industrial facts. They are sources in the glare and heat of the dancing sul of organized power that are essential to phurous flames? the purpose of revolutionary industrial The smelter men of the country are a unionism. Let us lay down our plans and truly industrial type although perhaps they taking all the industrial facts of the in are more actuated by the spirit of work dustry into account start our organizing manship than the average migratory work attack on the entire copper industry 30 that er. Yet that spirit can be taken advantage they cannot defeat us section by section. of for organization purposes, especially in Let us start five thousand mile picket lines times when there is little work and that workmanlike factor of their lives is in the copper industry. We have ever been thwarted. the finders of new methoos and better ways. The New Tactics Here is the next logical thing for us to do. No longer can the old tactics of the agi Let us study the facts of every copper tator be of the value that they once were. tu.it from Perth Amboy, New Jersey,' to The thing needed now is not thrilling revolt Kennecott, Alaska; from Selby. California, and tenacious battle but day by day efficient to Truro, Nova Scotia and coordinately with organization. Industry has grown so big and the measures of the boss have grown a unified plan start out to organize all these so powerful that nothing short of industrial workers and all the works into the One Big organization can get the goods. Union of the Working class—the I. W. W.

Slavery

Whirr and buzz of belts and wheels 111 roofed shacks and tattered clothes Sings slavery. In slavery. Grease and grime the life blood steals Empty guts when ill wind blows— In slavery. Our slavery.

Hours of life ground into gold The days bright morning soon shall break For slavery, On slavery. In fact'ry, mill and mine and road When rebel slaves their own jobs take Of slavery. From slavery. James Rohn.

27 -The Great Kataklysm

HISTORICAL REVIEW of Latter Day Capitalism Covering the Wondrous Era Extending From Smith's Discovery of Radium in the Human Eye to the Devitalization of the Supermen by Radiosity in the Hands of Revolutionists. Being a series of lectures delivered by Snow A1I- brayne at the University of Timbuctoo in the Year of Our Lord 9799. Edited and published by Stanislaus McGee in the year 9800.

BIOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTION. his physicians who urged a change of cli mate, to accept the Chair of History in the SNOW Allbrayne was an Ethiopian of Universtiy of Kalamazoo, one of the oldest unquestionable intellect and was just collegiate institutions and the most distin forty-nine years of age when he deli guished in the world. . vered the lectures which are here for the Here he became captivated by the career first time printed. of Dr. John Smith who forms such an he Few particulars are known concerning roic figure in the historical features of these his younger years. He seldom spoke of his lectures and whose life Allbrayne wrote parentage and of the details of his child after two years' sojourn in Kalamazoo. hood. For some reason he was very reti Following the publication of the life of cent. Dr. Smith, Allbrayne was the center of His folks had a homestead on the Sahara a terrific controversy which raged over his where Snow was born, but it is known that attitude toward the Supermen and Employ they later came to the metropolis of Tim ing classes of the age which he delighted buctoo where the boy was educated in the to discuss. common schools, entering Timbuctoo Uni Dr. Allbrayne resigned the Chair of His versity when but eighteen years of age. tory in Kalamazoo University to take charge From the first he manifested an extra of the destinies of the University of Ivan- ordinary aptitude for archaeology and be gorod, and there he displayed extraordinary came one of the ablest investigators of the talents in administration and organization. old civilization under the capitalist economy, Much of the general esteem which this especially during that period known to his center of learning now enjoys is owing to torians as the Golden Age of Democracy— the really splendid work of Dr. Allbrayne a phrase. I believe, which originated with and his associates. After eight years in Dr. Allbrayne. Ivangorod, the professor was invited to His research work took him to many deliver the Nigritic lectures on Ancient countries, but his greatest achievements History, perhaps the most highly revered were, beyond doubt, accomplished in Amer honor in all the academic world, at this, ica, where his discoveries on the sites of the University of Timbuctoo. the older cities and the excavations which I shall not venture to comment on these he personally conducted are of priceless va notable lectures. The greatest authorities lue to historians. ' on ancient history were proud to boast of He was elected custodian of the Paris their unfailing attendance in the lecture Museum which owes much to his tireless room to hear them and their fame has investigation and persistent industry of travelled far afield. research. He resigned upon the advice of Yet I would say a word about the profes-

28 OCTOBER, 1921 sor's attitude to the Supermen whose uni His is a ioss that will not be easily filled. form admirer he has been blamed for be A collection of the works of Dr. All ing. The fact is, that Allbrayne was such brayne is now under preparation for the a student of that epoch that he became in publisher, but the student will recall that tensely devoted to the capitalist economy; the principal volumes identified with his became simply saturated with the psy name are enumerated correctly as follows: chology of the supermen and was as one The Life of John Smith, M.D. of Kala of them. mazoo. I shall never forget the wise remark he The Rockabilt Syndicate and its Amalga- made to me when I took occasion to express ' mation with That of Morganheim. my disagreement With his attitude, as be The Compensation Philosophy of Ivan ing somewhat too friendly to those an cients. Ivanovitch. "My dear M'Gee," he said, "No person The Religious Sects of the Ancients. can properly study and understand any The Greatest Jurists of the Golden Age period of history unless he places himself of Democracy. positively in their environment and lives The Necessity for Social Discipline among and moves and has his being once again the Great Unwashed. with them." This will probably explain in a measure An Important Monograph upon Wage the Professor's standpoint. Workers and Commercial Serfs was incom Professor Allbrayne was killed in a dust plete at the time of his death. storm when riding his private airship back to his residence in Ivangorod, declining to Stanislaus M'Gee, be guided by my urgent plea to take the University of Timbuktoo. regular airship back to that place. July 4, 9800.

Lecture L

When Dr. John" Smith, a citizen of the splendid fellow creatures of ours fittingly great American city of Kalamazoo, dis appreciated under that system as true types covered the important fact that radium of Supermen. existed in commercial quantities in the The subject is so vast that I can hope, in human eye, then and there he opened the this series, to do little better than dwell gates of civilization to the human race. upon the salient facts, which, failing a I have held this opinion in the face of better phrase, we may consider the imme contrary views so often expressed by men diate causes for the. various consequent ef who have given little more than a super fects it will fall to my lot to describe; ficial study to the subject, that I am very I shall, in other words, merely point to the glad indeed of the opportunity that these milestones of that road along which human lectures afford me of showing the true facts beings journeyed in their progress to real regarding the final passing of Individualism civilization. in that long-past era. My life, as you all know, has been de I rejoice also in believing I have very voted to this important phase of human good grounds for entertaining the hope that knowledge, but I have to warn you at the my lectures will dissipate the unfavorable outset that although a vast quantity of views so many conceive concerning that material is available for your study, it re system of political economy generally called quires the judgment of a trained mind like Capitalism, and concerning also those my own to distinguish between the true

29 INDUSTRIAL PIONEER

and the false, between fact and fiction and Smith was born in some western city. the really valuable from the unimportant or I have been unable to determine exactly even misleading data which you may en which American town gave him birth, for counter. you' see, immediately any person became It was very essential in those far-distant famous, a dozen or more cities, thereupon days to make learning a privilege of the laid claim to him as a native son. This has elect, and it was also important that learn led to some amazing historical errors, none ing in return should protect the generous of which is more annoying to read than Supermen who donated so lavishly to its that Julius Caesar, a Latin general, was support. born in Rome, New York. Hence we. must receive with considerable Smith, however, was the son of a very caution those "Histories prepared for the wealthy business man and this, one might use of schools," as they were somewhat in have imagined, would have cleared all ac genuously proclaimed, lest we fall into some tual obscurity concerning his birthplace, errors of rather serious consequence. but strangely enough it did not; and the Because the supermen supported the uni first time that we can say authoritatively versities, the churches, the newspapers, that we know the facts concerning him is those in whose care was the work of im when he received the position of chief phy parting knowledge had need to teach the sician and surgeon in the Insane Asylum facts with caution, and to temper their at Kalamazoo. zeal for Truth itself with something akin Dr. Smith owed this appointment, which 'to discretion which might occasion, now he was later so brilliantly to adorn, to the and then, a grosser name among the en attainments of his father, that venerable vious and discontented. gentleman having donated the generous sum It was an age of lofty purity of mind and of three hundred thousand dollars to the it was held that there was something in the Republican National Committee during an Naked Truth that might suggest obscenity, election campaign. When that party came and hence it was considered wise and pru into power in the state, it rewarded the dent to clothe that nakedness from too pry son for patriotism of the father by this ap ing and too lustful eyes. pointment. It was a really noble custom I need not point out that this attitude was gratifyingly prevalent in the politics of the based upon a very beautiful but far more time. ' ancient allegory wherein the dangers of Smith was apparently normal in all res such a Forbidden Fruit as that of the Tree pects for a physician, except that he had of Knowledge were clear to all minds save one superstition which, in him, one might those which had listened to the tempting almost say amounted to an obsession. This words of the Evil One in the guise of a was that every illness of mind or body had serpent. a cause which might be ascertained by a I have mentioned John Smith, the emi study of the anatomy of the person so af nent chemist, biologist, physician and sur flicted. geon and his great discovery of radium in For this reason, therefore, when any of the human eye: let us first consider the his insane patients died, as indeed most of man's most interesting personality and his them did eventually, he did not dispose of work. the bodies in any such idle fashion as be Radium had been discovered prior to this, fore him prevailed, by wasteful interments many years before in fact, as a chemical or distribution among the medical schools, element by a French chemist but except but retained them after proper dissection, for its use by physicians who seized upon in various sections of his museum. He pre everything from toad heads to grass roots served the various portions of the body in to exercise their craft, radium, to all in embalming fluids awaiting such time as tents and purposes, remained a scientific he could give them personal attention and curiosity. investigation. OCTOBER, 1921

Doctors and other scientific men would autobiography wherein he comments upon come many a mile to examine and discuss the fact that this pauper patient had be with Smith most profoundly, the abnormal come insane through mal-nutrition due to structures observed in a kidney and jaw extreme voverty "while all the time he car bone. It is a delightful picture of domestic ried about his person, concealed in his eyes, felicity that has been drawn for us by the a fabulous fortune." worthy surgeon in showing us himself and t>r. Smith had an ample stock of eyes, his colleagues seated, of a winter's night, carefully preserved by him, of the patients before a warm fire, with well-filled pipes who had died while under his care, and of tobacco, discussing together the various setting to work to investigate these he dis peculiarities of a specimen between them. covered the fact that in every one of them Smith, who has left behind him frag radium was present in the same large and ments of an autobiography, was, I observe constant quantities. with deep satisfaction, an eminently reli I think it is a fine characteristic of this gious man. This piety threw a sanctity scientist that one of the first things he did around his operations quite unusual in the upon satisfying himself of the approximate atmosphere of the laboratory and the dis amount of radium he had thus at his dis secting room. posal was to carefully review the possible One day, he describes +be occasion very gainful uses to which his great store of vividly himself, he was making a post wealth could be put. This store, he felt, mortem examination on one of his former was entirely due to his own foresight and patients. It was the body of a pauper. It sound judgment, a conclusion which he was while so doing that he made his most certainly was justified in reaching. memorable discovery. "The body was "Was not this given me," he asks with emaciated and proved to be rather a poor praiseworthy piety, "by Divine providence subject for the scalpel and the microscope," that I might, by my thrifty use of these writes Smith. He had about finished the generous stores of hitherto unknown wealth entire frame and all that remained were benefit the more careless people as His the eyes. Smith had the interesting habit steward?" This fine religious sentiment, I of searching in out-of-the-way places for discover, was wonderfully frequent and ad rare chemical elements and, having finished mirable among the Supermen of that epoch. cutting up the optics of the deceased pau There was one regret, to be sure, some per, he dried the eyes and submitted the what saddened this most satisfactory con resultant dust to spectroscopic analysis. sideration. Smith deplores the great num His discovery was as simply made as it ber if eyes that he had carelessly wasted was unexpected. He found positive traces in ai atomical investigation, prior to his of radium in the dessicated remains of the discovery. eyes. A careful examination proved that radium existed in immense quantities in "I compute," he says in his autobiogra each eye, and the astonishment of the mo phy, "that I have let slip through my hands, dest doctor was, naturally, very great. by wasteful disposal of eyes before I made I do not wonder that Smith observed the my discovery, a fortune worth at least five hand of Providence in this. "Surely," he million dollars, basing this estimate upon; writes in his memoirs, "it was a divine dis the lowest market price of radium. I rue pensation of which I was made the humble fully regret this imprudent lack of fore instrument, that this great discovery of sight." radium should have been made while ex Dr. Smith, it is Interesting and important perimenting with a pauper's eye." I should remark, was of Scotch-Hebrew des Smith has a very fine passage in his cent.

31

'« -i'-i :'}'- .."-.' V N"i *«-V .

l«t Capitalist: "My handle ain't payin' dividends. I'm layin' 2nd Capitalist: "That so! My axle is not profitable either. G Worker: "Wonder why I can't learn to put this thing tog . r N

•ff. . I'll give it a rett." J run it. I've pushed it around long enough!" / Salting Down the Marine Workers

By Upton Hold

THE marine transport industry is one International Nature of Industry of the key industries of modern ca Especially is this fact shown up strongly pitalism. Its position is of tremendous in the marine transport industry. The in importance today and tomorrow it will be ternational character of industrial produc much more so. The big financial interests tion is nowhere so easily seen as here. The are laying plans to solidify the world con workers of the sea form the connecting trol of finance that they have. Industry industrial link between the diverse fields of from its very nature is a world process. production. They are the ones that over It depends on the moving of materials from come the factors of wide spread and un one part of the world to another and the handy natural distribution of resources, and marine workers are the boys that do this climatic products. essential work. The lumber of the North Pacific, the tea of Ceylon, the nitrates of Antifogasta and The future labor battles will be between Iquique, the grains and meats of Argentine, international capital, engaged in its merry and all the endless variety of products that program of holding back efficient produc mark the interdependence of the world's tion for the sake of high prices so that production, depends on the marine work they can gather in the profits, and the er for delivery. workers of the whole world. If the capitalist class can keep the world's work The Important Link ers divided into craft unions or even na The capitalist class realizes the import tional unions they can use the age old tac ance of the position that the seamen oc tics of divide and conquer. cupy. They have deliberately sought by

OCTOBER, 1921 every possible means to eliminate the pow the unions were shoved out of any power er of unionism from the seaports of the ful position that they might occupy. Broken world. The Hooligan sailors that posed and with no sort of recognition from the about the ships and wharves during the war owners the men have been forced back to were just part of the scheme of the mas work, or into the lines of unemployment. ter class to keep the unions from gaining Where was the great British force of enough power to really amount to anything seamen all this time? They had not even even nationally. put up a battle. Their union officials had Then when the war was over the slashing sold them out without even a fight. Their of wages and the revoking of conditions conditions had been given up while the granted, commenced. The "unions were prac white spatted members' of Parliament who tically forced out on strike. It was an in are the leaders and official jinxes of the ternational move. The first country to go sailors movement were quite at their ease. to bat was Denmark whose marine unions The M. T. W. of the World were denuded of power in the late months The seamen have not had a real union of 1920. in their industry. Even those groups that Taking Them One at a Time take in the dockers are only industrially In the port of Barcelona and among the organized at the very most as national or Spanish workers the battle was fought dur regional unions and can be broken by the ing the same period and the hold of the syn forces of the united internationalism ' of dicalist marine transport workers of that capital. country was practically broken of its eco The marine transport industry must be nomic power. organized by the workers as a world in Then in Norway and America the battle dustry. All the workers in this industry was forced and in May and June of 1921 must belong to one union so organized that

Barcelona striken being taken "En Conduccion" across country. The jails being full and there being no more handcuffs, the workers were bound together with wire and scattered out through the prisons of the whole of Spain, under guard.

85 INDUSTRIAL PIONEER the entire force of the working class can be The Jap workers have been under severe brought into action against the encroach repression. They have been forced to ments of the capitalist class. The I. W. W. acknowledge the fact that there was a stands for such organization. It is willing class conflict and they know without urging and anxious to affiliate with ahy groups that they have no interests in common with that have been formed on such lines in the owner. Therefor when they have their other countries and already has an ex petty craft unions smashed, they do the change of cards with the M. T. W. of South logical thing and rebuild on a powerful America which is the only union in the scale regardless of craft and local pre marine industry so far which has not had judices. its job conditions taken away. In the U. S. any attempt to reform the The Worker and the O. B. U. old craft unions and swing them bodily The sailors of the world are waking up into a real working class organization is to this need. They are discussing it in every bitterly fought and denounced by the lead ership and the machine which they control. language and every jargon. In Japan this They will not stand for it and the member summer the craft unions of all the Japanese ship are compelled to advance the cause Marine Workers held a convention and of unionism be deserting the wreck of their formed the first real M. T. W. of any old crafts and forming the new M. T. W. nation in the Orient. It was no mere They are joining the I. W. W. amalgamation of crafts either. It was or ganized as a real O. B. U. of the industry. Conditions in the Ports The I. W. W. is always" willing to co Conditions in America at present are operate with such organizations and if proving to the workers of the sea the fallacy possible amalgamate with them. It is only of the capitalist system. Everywhere through the formation of ONE BIG UNION throughout the industry is unemployment of all the Seamen that the International and stagnation. processes of industry can be controlled and On the Great Lakes things are not economic power developed in the unions. moving. The shipments of iron ore and coal The reason why the Japanese took the are less than a half of normal. Total ore re action of forming an industrial union was ceipts at Lake Erie ports in July showed because they too were defeated in their only 2,798,955 tons of iron ore. In the battle with the boss. They found out at same month last year there was 7,076,357 once that their craft and local unions were tons received. In fact the total shipments powerless and could only be used to serve for the entire year of 1921 up to August the employing class. First was only a few tons more than the shipments during July in 1920. The total America and Japan up to August was 7,249,435 tons. The same lesson has been given to the American Seamen. That many of them are The Great Lakes profiting by it is plainly seen in the num Ore stocks at the receiving docks on ali bers that are lining up in the I. W. W. lake ports are much higher than at any But there is a constant hob nobbing and previous time. Every where we see the association on friendly terms between the Marine workers unemployed disillusioned employers and the union officials. There is and questioning. They are ripe for I. W. W. no clear conception of the class conflict in propaganda. Now is the time to get amongst the unions of the crafts. Therefore in them with the message of Industrial Un America the workers are not forming in ionism. The Great Lakes once had well or-» dustrial unions out of the broken remnants ganized craft unions. They were as militant of the craft unions. There is no spirit of as craft unions can be expected to be but reconstruction, no far seeing program ex they depended - on the usual craft tactics pressed to build better than that which has and when the steel trust locked them out been destroyed. they stayed off the job till the union was OCTOBER, 192 1 killed. The open shop or company union from getting a living wage that they have has prevailed on the ships of the Lake not had time to look after the few hundred district ever since. The Docks have been million dollars that were being stolen every partially controlled by that queer organiza few months or so. tion of Longshoremen known as the I. L. T. V. O'Connor was elected by the del A. Today the M. T. W. of the I. W. W. egates at the annual convention of the has more members working on the docks I. L. A. at Buffalo to the post of honorary of the Great Lakes than has the I. L. A. president instead of being thrown out of the assembly for the dirty traitor to the work The "Activity" of the I. L. A. ing class that he really and consciously is. The program of the I. L. A. and the He was further presented from the funds company unions seems to include a great of the I. L. A. with a $5,000 automobile. desire to help the boss keep other workers Not only does he receive his pieces of silver from employment. The Steamer D. G. Kerr from the vaults of the master class but by was loaded lately at Conneaut with 14,045 improving on the methods of Judas Iscariot tons of coal in 4 hours and 25 minutes this one time bartender draws down fat breaking all previous records at that port, fees from the pockets of the very workers and as far as could be learned, breaking that he betrays. Would Jesus weep at that? those of any other port. On the same week at the same place the Steamer E. W. Cutting the Wages Pargny unloaded 12,417 tons of ore in 3 While this pleasant little love feast was hours and 25 minutes which was the record going on, another wage cut was handed of the year. out to the workers on the Great Lakes of For service so liberally granted to the fifteen per cent on their wages. The deck employers by these workers, and because watch will now gather in the mazuma he had so consistently fought any attempt at the rate of $68 per month while the or on the part of the longshoremen to show dinary seamen will be made to feel their their solidarity with the rest of the work inferiority by receiving the sum of $60 for ing class T. V. O'Connor, International the same period. Watertenders, oilers and President of the I. L. A., has been pro firemen will receive $85 while the coal moted to a place on the U. S. Shipping passer will get by with $55. Other crafts Board, that body which has been so over and lines of work were cut in proportion. worked battling the workers to keep them No action is contemplated by the I. L. A.

Let's Line Them AH Up. 37 INDUSTRIAL PIONEER or company unions. Any action that is is lumber to Japan which is handled by the taken by members of the I. L. A. will be Japanese boats. 100,000,000 feet have been promptly put down by the officials. The ordered for this year for export so that I. W. W. is organizing to get the power so the Marine workers in that section will that economic action can be taken. have work at least. The big fact before the workers of the New Orelans sea and the docks as well as the rest of New Orleans is comparatively the most the workers of the world is the fact of busy of all the American Ports. There are decreased production. There are no jobs. thousands out of work there from the union There is no capitalist competition. The members of the crafts. The bosses however bosses have so organized that the big do not seem hard hit. The profits of the fellows no longer compete with one another. dock department of the port commission in The workers are left to struggle along in creased from $365,987 for the nine months the competitive field which is the "life of from Sept. 1st 1919 to May 31st 1920, trade". Let us get organized in One Big to the neat sum of #1,165,277 for the same Union and we will see the death of one period in this last fall, winter and spring. form of competitive trade — the wage While the workers are out of work and slave trade. wondering what is the matter the parasites seem to be doing nicely, that is the big Now is our Chance! ones do. Chances for work in New Orleans Now is the time to organize. Now is the are much better than in New York or any time to get out our publications and show of the other big ports. the unemployed workers the tactics to use to fight the boss. The first step in apply The North Pacific ing those tactics is to LINE UP IN In the North Pacific Coast the shipping THE INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF THE is picking up but much of the new output WORLD.

Strength

It takes great strength to train It takes great strength to bring your life up To modern service your ancestral brain. square To lift the weight of the unnumbered years With your accepted thought and keep it there, Resisting the inertia that draws back Of dead men's habits, methods and ideas— From new attempts, to the old habits track. To hold them back with one hand, and support It is so easy, to drift back and sink; With the other, the weak steps of some new thought. So hard to live abreast of what you think.

It takes great strength to live where you be long When other people think that you are wrong— People you love and who love you, and whose Approval is a pleasure you would choose. To bear this pressure and succeed at length Is living your belief—and it takes strength. Charlotte Perkins Gilman.

38 Petrograd in July, 1921

By Tom Barker

MOSCOW and Petrograd are two cities small, are found to be planted with po distinct in their outstanding differ tatoes and beets which grow with the ences. Moscow is ancient, holy,— greatest profusion. In once royal parks Muscovite. Petrograd savors more of Teu- about the feet of the statues, in the gor tonia, a modern city with wide streets, geous Palace of Labor grounds, around the wood pavings, cleanly canals and a lordly precincts of the once dreaded prison of river with graceful bridges which seem to Peter and Paul, in the courtyard before almost hug the water. the Winter Palace, everywhere the humble I saw Petrograd in the winter, with a potatoe is obtruding himself, demonstrating hurrying populace. Winter quickens your the superiority of use over ornament or steps in Russia. The streets were white, re tradition. And the city so lately ringed with lieved here and there by the newly dumped trench and barbed wire entanglements, is piles of pine logs, each pile guarded by now ringed with green potatoe beds, well a woman hugging a rifle and almost hidden designed to resist as deadly an enemy as in a gigantic sheepskin coat. the worst of the white armies and their Food was very scarce, and fuel was a ally, famine. serious problem. Petrograd has undergone The River these privations for four successive years, We walk along the side of the Neva. The and the proletariat of this northern city is golden spires of the Admiralty building and inured to these disadvantages. Yudenitch's Peter and Paul fortress are reflected crook army was smashed by these revolutionaries edly in its strong imperative waters. An on eight ounces of black bread a day. There occasional tug pants along towing a huge is little that is exhilarating in a famine barge laden with fuel from lake Onega or stricken city in the winter time and Pet priceless plows from the German vessels rograd was no exception to the rule, in down in the harbor. The smooth hull of a January. capsized ship bulges out of the water on Street Repairing the other side of the river waiting for the I return in July and see a different city. engineers to get her on to her keel again. People are congregating in the 25th of Ok- The shore of the river is a hive of work. tober Prospect—once the Nevsky Prospect Thousands of people are working—and it —and the laughter and merry chatter go is 10 P. M. They are in the river tearing to well with the summer days. The main pieces the dozens of sunken barges that streets are clean and the street pavers busy litter the rivers brim. There are no idlers with wood blocks, repairing the wastage of here, and there are all types. Women of four years of war and revolution. sixty are busy with cross cut saws cutting Everywhere we see heaps of these blocks the pieces in handy lengths while red navy waiting to be set in their places, to restore men are splashing around like New Found- Petrograd's streets to their former smooth land dogs, up to their waist in the water, ness and resiliency. I see a small party of tearing away huge timbers. Small boys men carrying wrecked electric standards are in everybodies way, wet from their yel and other old iron to a tram wagon (flat low hair down to their sun burned feet, car) and clearing away the impediments but as enthusiastic as can be in the business that have steadily grown in the streets. of destruction. The Potatoes Working men and women of all sorts Wherever one goes around the city all are pulling, chopping, prizing, and tug vacant plots of ground, no matter how ging with willing hands. These people 89 INDUSTRIAL PIONEER are clearing their great river of her in We walk down to the harbor. The cubus, and are making the banks access- "Transbalt", a huge Russian steamer, once sible to the hundreds of barges of fuel a hospital ship, is flying the "Blue Peter," that are lying up in the rivers, or in the and her sides are lined with fj^ces—German great expanses of the lakes of Ladoga and war prisoners on their way back to the Onega. Along the shores of the river in Fatherland. Tomorrow early she leaves for the city, great piles of timber torn from Stettin. Then we see the Russian ships, these wrecks lie stacked up. They are "Karl Marx," "Sophie Peroskaya," "Dele steadily growing. gate," "Proletarian," "Bakunin," "Zino- Most of this work is done in the evening viev," "Bela Kun," and many others bear when the routine of the day is over, by ing names significant of world revolution voluntary labor. Here and there are groups and the dictatorship of the proletariat. We with wagons conveying the rescued timbers see the Saltburn, an English ship that has to fuel centers for the coming winter. evidently been there since the latter days The Street Cars of 1917. We pass over a bridge and we see that Foreign Trade a quarter of a mile of paving is torn up. Further along we see the foreign trad They are putting down new tram rails. ing ships tied up to the wharves. There are On examination the old ones prove to be six Germans and one Swede. Huge heaps worn down in places to a half crown in of agricultural implements are stacked on thickness. Not a day too soon were these the waterfront. But rice, sugar, flour and old rails torn up. herring are carefully tabulated and secu Petrograd tram service is an excellent one rely placed in the huge sheds. The handl and a Qredit to the administration. Many ing gear it still in poor order, and most of of the cars are newly painted and the under the work is by hand, but the ships all get gear seems to be in splendid condition. The away to time. Last Sunday there was con passengers line up for entrance and take gestion in the yards and 5000 communists their seats or standing room in an orderly invaded the place and in the course of the fashion without any interference or orders day they loaded all the accumulation into from guards or officials. The soldiers on the cars and left the ground clear for Mon guard at some of the corners do not dis day morning. This was quite a different play the slightest interest in the car or its kind of Voskresnik to the ones I have seen passengers. Traffic rules are strictly obeyed in Moscow where people shoveled snow very by the motormen and the system runs indifferently. The Petrograd proletariat are smoothly and efficiently. much more practical in my opinion than They must surely send down some of their colleagues in Moscow. Petrograd's tramway administrators and Out in the Gulf can be seen the white workers to Moscow, to straighten up the sails of many yachts taking advantage of tramway service there and get it on its feet the long hours of daylight. The sun is not again. yet set but has already tinged the sky with Industrial Revival a red flame. The dome of St. Isaacs stands, We see on it being called to our atten red, golden, high over the Red City. The tion several large chimney stacks emitting trams have stopped running, an occasional heavy black smoke. There has been no ' light flickers from a window, and the last smoke problem in Petrograd for some time of the toilers from the wood piles have but evidently from all signs there will be gathered together their saws and axes and one soon. I remember that we passed seven are sauntering homewards. freight trains of more than average length They say that Russia will have another between Vishera and Petrograd on our way hard winter, but Petrograd is proving that up to the city. Overseas trade is slowly Russia is finding her feet, and that out of generating new blood in the heart of Rus chaos, order and system are coming. sian industry. In Petrograd, July 29th, 1921. An Appeal for Spokesmen

By Robert Grayson

IT IS natural that those industries commanding owns a fierce provincialism readily susceptible to most prominent numerical places should fur the calculating whims of the masters. They feel nish the greatest number of exponents of in the possession of real and fancied property ap dustrial union activity. And that is why so much pendages, and yearn with all their might for what of our literature has found its source in indivi they conceive to be respectability. duals working in basic industries, which have, of Outrages practiced upon our members have course, great masses of workers. These basic usually been perpetrated by business men and industries are keystones of the industrial stru - their hired assassins, professional thugs, and even ture of society, and as such are of first import police officers. But behind them has always been ance as strategic points of the immense industrial either the general approval or apathy of this same arena. By far the greatest power of the organi home guard element. The attitude of a majority zation lies in the fact that it has almost from its of this stationary element inspires the Chambers inception made a vital appeal to workers of such of Commerce stamp of courage. And it should industries, which are, frequently, of a migratory be remembered that qualities of both mercy and nature. savagery are strangely confused in the masses. A few years ago I was speaking to an earnest The path of revolutionary industrial unionism will student of economics who chanced to say that never be a thornless one but if we could effect any when the New Order became- a fact ,those, such considerable organization of this stationary army as myself, a glass worker, would be placed at some of toilers it would act as an accelerator in favor "socially useful labor." The remark, thoughtless, of the final overthrow of the existing unsocial on his part, caused me to seek the facts as to how derangement, workers of a migratory nature viewed their sta Growth is often like a contagion. Some socio tionary class fellow sufferers. This led me to the logists opposed to our plans have said we are conclusion that important as are basic industries pathological. Our ideas have made us sick, or from a purely strategic point of view, the value of we received the ideas because we were sick. Well, of the home guard brands of employment are not I think some of us feel healthy enough to risk rated highly enough. contaminating the rest of society, with a clear To emphasize all the phenomena, or any con conscience. Let us make the bosses sick. We siderable part of them, peculiar to industries not want the home guards, skilled mechanics and un really classified as basic, though of true social skilled alike. They are the "solid citizenry," the necessity, calls upon us who have either a little ones who take an annual auto ride with the boss or much knowledge of such facts to volunteer our to the polls to vote for democracy. best services to make them known. We have been content long enough to fling our The education of the working class is, after all, scorn broadcast upon these ugly slaves, and with a big job for the workers to perform. And while justification, but now let us deluge them with our the majority of the fellow workers are members ideas. When we succeed at that task we will of industrial unions connected with basic indus bring a change that will create new standards of trial enterprise, it is also true that the organiza value in them. The three most powerful letters tion has obtained some foothold with stationary in all this land, with all their gigantic meaning, workers, or those we call home guards. It then are I. W. W. ! And by the power of the magic becomes the duty of such rebels as find them of these three stupendous letters, with all that selves with the home guard elements to act as they represent, the ugliness of the home guard best they know how to spread the One Big Union must be transfigured. This transfiguration is no idea. thing more or less than changing them into men The home guard element has really been the and women, erect of posture, with knees that very hot-bed of curses against the Industrial refuse longer to genuflect to bourgeois morals, Workers of the World. We know the peculiarities with minds capable and willing to reason, with class of this particular twist of the genus homo. We consciousness animating their whole beings, and admit that the home guard is the ugliest animal agitation for The One Big Union filling their lives. alive. The working class has many rebels. Many of Their kind comprises that vast army engaged these have powers of expresson hidden away, in all manner of gainful occupation not necessitat asleep. It doesn't do any of us any good that ing migration as an inherent condition of con our bright lights hide away. We can elect editors tinued employment. This mass of slaves exists to edit our revolutionary periodicals, but that only with a most narrow and astigmatized vision. It begins our honest responsibilities. It is up to the 41 INDUSTRIAL PIONEER

membership to cooperate with these editors to not only with more members in all industries, but make up magazines and newspapers that reflect with new blood to strengthen the old, with new the myriad aspects of the revolutionary industrial intellects to carry the work along, with new songs union movement. We have long taxed the ener and new singers, new thougths and new think gies of those fellow workers whose names quickly ers. come to mind when we- think of good rebel songs, Write about Your Industry! of masterly studies of class war battles, of speeches that still ring to the depths of our souls, Can you write, Fellow Worker? Try it! No and of drawings that inspired and educated the body is going to emancipate the workers but workers. themselves, and if we had the choice between an Most of these fellow workers are now paying Iron Heel damned by our portests and a bene the awful price that all leaders of human thought volent feudalism proud of its benefactions we in all ages have been compelled to pay. If the , would take the Iron Heel! The whole working I. W. W. was destined to doom that doom would class, militant and envisioned and understanding, have been sealed with their incarcerations and must face the masters' oppressive renaissance with their deaths. But we remember the old squarely, and by its great activity forward the song with a mighty and defiant challenge: "As work of agitation, education, and organization. fast as they can pinch us we can always get And if we fail the age-long march of proletarian some more"! Well, let's show the truth of this, progress will soon look like Custer's Last Fight.

A Handy Place to Discard the Wreck.

42 An lll Wind in the Palouse

THE Palouse Harvest being in its full twelve we were gentlemen when he first sized us up but hour swing, "Rhode Island Red" and I, "Ply now he knew different. mouth Rock Whitey" decided to give the He even went as far as to remark that he thought struggling farmers a lift and help them "gather in we might be connected up with that infamous or the sheaves." ganization known as the I. W. W. and ought to Now, jfor some reason or other, Red was not be in the county jail and that we better be a look- as enthusiastic over the harvest work as he should in' out or he would get a bunch together with a be. He claimed that even if he harvested all the rope and a bucket of tar and a few flags and show wheat in the country, chances were he would be us if we could fool around with a real 102 per cent in the soup line in the winter time. American and his wheat crop. . By Heck! Consarn Whatever becomes of the wheat, he says, is a ye! deep mystery to him, except that he knows Wall I then took Red up an alley and had a short talk Street stores a lot of it up where the stiffs can't with him about keeping out of these arguments get at it. and letting me get a word in now and then. Anyhow, we landed in the town of Colfax with Red agreed to keep quiet next time, but I had Red growling over conditions, bum grub and high very little confidence in Red's being able to hang prices of the local restaurants. After eating some onto himself so I steered him into a pool hall and of their "coffee and at two bits a throw," we saun went out on the street by myself. tered out on the main street to look for a farmer While walking down the street a bright idea who wanted a couple of enterprising harvesters. permeated into my "ivory dome" as Red calls it. We were approached by a long, thin individual You are all aware that when a fanner buys a with close set eyes of the codfish order. He was horse he sizes its muscles up and inquires about wearing a disguise of spinach on his chin and in the price of it. He don't ask the horse how many quired in a high pitched voice, "Were ye boys look hours he will work a day. That, I surmised, was ing fer work?" To which I says: "Yes, we cer probably the reason the farmer gets hostile when tainly are that!" Red busts in then and asks him you ask him how many hours you are supposed how much he pays and how many hours he works. to work per day. It is contrary to his purchasing This seemed to be a leading question, altogether habits. irrelevant and immaterial to the farmer's point of Putting myself on the same basis as the farm view. He looks Red over and says, "Guess you horse I accordingly went into an alley and took boys ain't looking for work, be you? With that off my shirt, rolled back my undersleeves and parting shot he walks away and leaves us standing wrapped a couple of old gunny sacks around each therj like a couple of lost dogs. ' arm. . New Red has no diplomacy whatever so I told When I put the shirt on over that rig I had a him to keep his remarks to himself, and the next regular set of arms on that would make the world's time I would do the talking. champion strong man turn green with envy. "Now watch me captivate the old farmer," thought I Then we removed ourselves to another corner as I burst into view again on the main stem. as our chin-whiskered friend was pointing at us A half dozen farmers were lolling and milling from across the street and waving his hands in around on the opposite corner admiring each other's the air. He seemed to be delivering an oration twelve cylinder cars and spittting tobacco juice on to some of his fellow farmers. the sidewalk. Red says they ain't really honest to God farm But they forgot all about the late war and the ers in this section but are illegal descendants of price Wall Street was going to give them for their horse thieves and train robbers and we would be wheat when they laid eyes on my muscular arms. better off if we got the hell out of the Palouse A 'wild scramble ensued in my direction. One district and into the United States again. farmer tripped his fellow farmer up and "blood But his brain storm was cut short by another flew freely." They surrounded me like a bunch "son of the soil" planting himself in front of us of wild Indians with loud howls for me, Plymouth and asking in an oily tone of voice, "Gentlemen, Rock Whitey, 100% to go to work! It kind of are your services open to negotiations? I need a reminded me of the old times of work or fight couple of scientific side hill shockers and thought in 1919. that you probably would consider a proposition But who was it said that "the best laid plans of of taking on a little labor." mice and men will sometimes land you in the pen"? I was about to accept his offer of work but Red The sons of Colfax got hold of my shirt in their "horns in" again about the hours and 'wages and wild excitement, and tore it off, exposing my our friend left us with the remark that he thought gunny sack camouflage.

43 INDUSTRIAL PIONEER

Now just to show you the inconsistency of man For instance he is now quite as able to see in kind, these Palousers got angry. In fact they got the dark as in the day. He claims that he owes this violent and if I had not been a good sprinter I accomplishment to his labor in the Palouse country fear I would have never lived to tell about this. I left, going strong and decided then and there as they seemed to have no clear conception down that a pleasant position circulating among the best there as to just when day stopped and night com people would be preferable to a life of uncon menced. At any rate Red has a distinct taste for ventional freedom amongst toilers of the soil. poultry which, so he says, was highly exacer As for Red, he stuck to his cruder and more bated by the sight of fat pullets and the absence common methods of selling himself and eventually of any such from the fetive board. Being able to found a master. That the results of the bargain see at night he informs me is one of the first re were mutually satisfactory cannot be stated un reservedly. However, Red gained some accomplish quirements for a poultry dinner. ments that in due season will probably come in 'Tis an ill wind that never stires a chicken handy. feather. E. H. H.

They'll Soon Ring Out

, / By John E. NordquUt Tune : "Where the sunset turns the Ocean's blue to .gold." .

We are looking for that time, If you wish to speed those times, When the bells of earth shall chime If you long to hear those chimes, To proclaim a world of workers really free. Do your part in organizing all the slaves. If we're going to see that day I can see that joyous day You must help to clear the way ; Not so very far away We must end the reign of cap'talistic And the vision puts a hopeful heart in me. knaves. I can see the wage slave free We must capture industry, With his children by his knee, All the ships upon the sea— And his darling wife is bubbling o'er with Ev'ry fact'ry, mine and mill, we're going cheer; to take. And the childish faces smile, When the boss gets overalls, Nothing can their joy defile Then the cause of mis'ry falls For they hear the bells of freedom ringing And those sleeping bells of freedom shall clear. awake. Cho.—

CHORUS Oh I hear those free bells ringing And the toilers are all singing, For the mis'ries of the past have flown away; And a worker's world I see, Where no misery can be; How I long to hear those bells on freedom's day.

44 Brains or Brawn

By Jim Morris

WE HAVE been told so often that the capital tity. Only upon rare occasions has he displayed ist class owe their wealth and prosperity to a desire to remove the evil effects of the capitalist the fact that they possess both the brains system. and the ability to do things, that the constant re He never succeded, of course, owing to a lack petition has almost hypnotized us into believing of proper organization and a thorough understand the claim to be justifiable. ing of the class nature of the conflict. The rather critical situation that prevails today, It is interesting to note that each succeeding contains within itself abundant proof that the brains revolt of the workers of Germany gains greater of our masters are conspicuous by their absence. momentum, and it is just this experience that is Their much vaunted initiative has proven to be coagulating their forces, rendering it more and a myth and it is very evident that all their present more difficult for the Powers That Be to crush actions are governed by precedent. them and keep them in submission. The late war, that devastated the whole of Eu And so, in the early part of his campaign, the rope and brought most of the nations engaged to American capitalist, fully alive to the danger of bankruptcy, has, to a very remarkable degree, organization on the part of the workers, launched shaken their confidence in the stability of the pres his attack upon the unions in an endeavor to ent order. Now driven frantic by the magnitude thoroughly demoralize them. The measure of suc of the task of rehabilitation, they are milling cess obtained by him can be gauged by the miser around aimlessly fearful, and with no constructive able failure of the unions to offer resistance to policy. the reduction in wages. It is well to remember, in passing, that the Eu Of course, the employers have stated that a re ropean war was the outcome of a bitter competi duction in wages is the only alternative t» a com tion for markets among the leading nations of the plete shutdown of industry, but like most every world, and yet, after four years of war, we are thing else they pass out for our consumption it is again confronted with the old competition for devoid of the faintest semblance of truth. markets, a competition that promises to be more What they really mean is that without a reduc bitter and more intense than its predecessor. If tion in the wages of the workers it would be im our "brainy" masters in America are to win out possible to maintain the same rate of profit as here in this commercial wax, they must be in a position tofore. to manufacture their commodities and place them And so, in order that our masters may continue on the world's market cheaper than their com to have their limousines and Indian guides, their petitors. This necessitates far-reaching and drastic "girl and wine" parties and their licentious and changes in their method of production and to that riotous orgies on Broadway, it is deemed neces end they are reducing the wages of the American sary to compel us workers to toil harder, produce workers, introducing efficiency systems that enable more and do with less for ourselves. The rapidly them to dispense with great numbers of workers growing army of unemployed will be used to in besides maintaining or increasing the rate of out timidate us and frighten us into passivity while put. women will be brought into the factories to take They have forsaken the old cry of "more pro the places of men because their labor is so much duction" for the up to date one of "cheap produc cheaper, and the women, in their turn, will, if the tion," hoping, to use the words of a Pacific ship logic of capitalism is carried to the utmost, be dis ping magnate, "to successfully compete with the placed by the still cheaper labor of children. low manufacturing costs of our European com We will then witness the rather elevating spec petitors." But Europe has been under this "cheap tacle of millions of ablebodied men and women production" system for quite a while, and the re walking the streets of our cities and begging for sult is somewhat disconcerting. food and raiment, while their children are swelter It is generally conceded that the main function ing away their lives in the slave pens of our fac of the Allied Army of Occupation in Germany is tories. We will, by then, have reached the ultimate to prevent the German workers from breaking in logical capitalistic civilization. That is, of course, out into open revolt against the brutal system of if no organized resistance is offered. But before production operating in that country. we can have organized resistance we must have an It is safe to say that the conditions that have understanding as to what we want and how to get brought the German workers to the point of rebel it. But even before we can come to an under lion will, if transplanted to this country, have a standing of what we want we must be convinced somewhat similar effect upon the American worker. of the fallacy of the individual ownership of the But the American worker is an unknown quan- means of life. 45 INDUSTRIAL PIONEER

In order to combat the "private ownership" idea, Ford, are not the result of the brains or wealth we must ask ourselves this question, "What is the of one man but rather are the outcome of the tech real function of industry?" The correct answer, nical directive ability of Henry Ford and the exec of course, is, "The function of feeding, sheltering utive ability of the workers who built and operate and serving the people." the factory. If a captain of a ship proved himself negligent This line of reasoning applies to all the indus and incapable and ran his ship ashore at frequent trial concerns in the country and when given due intervals, he would be removed from his command, consideration we will be able to understand that would he not? it is not a question of "brains" or wealth but ra If a building contractor discovers that one of ther one of the performance of a useful function his carpenters is inefficient and wasteful with the in society. timber upon which he works, the contractor would Industry of today U so interconnected, inter immediately dispense with his services. related and interdependent that it is ridiculous to And when our "captains of industry" display a speak of the function of one worker being more palpable inability to run industry as it should be important than that of another except as supply run, when by the application of their ridiculous and demand creates definite needs and surpluses. theories of self-aggrandisement, they not only vio If we can thoroughly appreciate this point of late the law of reason and common sense but en view it will help a great deal towards an under danger or render intolerable the lives of millions, standing of the task that confronts us, the task of we are compelled to realize the necessity of taking rebuilding society upon a more equitable basis. the control of industry out of their incapable It would be stupid of us to supose that the pres hands. ent controllers of industry are going to give us But while we may agree that the welfare of the industries the moment we present our ultimat the majority of people namely the workers, would um. It does not matter how just, how humane or dictate that this should be done we find that a how sensible our proposals may be, the interests great deal of opposition to such a proposal is en of the millionaires are so inextricably bound up gendered through a superstitious idea that the in their control of industry that they are not going function of the man with the power of wealth or to give in of their own volition. "directive ability" is of more importance and con Furthermore, if we are to secure control, we sequently should be entitled to a greater reward must; be organized in such a way that we will be than that of the ordinary worker who is not sup enabled to not only obtain control of the industries posed to possess the aforementioned qualities. but to run them efficiently, directly we succeed But such an idea is an illusion, only to be dis in our initial purpose. pelled by a careful consideration of the facts. The control of the industries will then be vested Suppose we take th6 case of Henry Ford to in the hands of those who work in them, and to to prove our point. Ford conceived the idea of that end we are building our industrial organiza building a certain type of motor car. But before tion of the workers that will take the place of the his ideas could be put into effect, he had to erect present decrepit system. a factory wherein to produce the motor car. He We are, therefore, calling upon the workers to had to have the products of labor, as he possessed rally round the banner of the One Big Union by none himself. joining our ranks or by rebuilding their unions Without them his wonderful brains got him no along industrial lines. where and right here is where we witness dwindling Let us consecrate ourselves to the task before in the importance of the function of Henry Ford. us and spread the gospel of industrial unionism His brains could build an idea but not an au that we may achieve our objective. tomobile factory. And after the factory was built, Let us give to the workers a new hope, a new and the necessary machinery installed, machinists outlook, a new way out of the darkness that has en were needed to construct the motor cars. shrouded our class for centuries. By the use of The function of the machinist is of equal im our brains, we workers can purge society of its portance to that of Henry Ford's himself, because parasites, prostitutes and poor houses, and to that without them both the cars would not be built. end let the land resound with the slogan: It is obvious then that the thousands of motor "The industries to the workers, the wealth to cars turned out of the factories owned by Henry the wealth producers."

46 The Emancipation of Louie

THE 1912 model gasped its last gasp at the farm friend to turn to ; not a hope to hope. Despair was house door. Louie stepped out of the battered written on his face until his eyes chanced to rest wreck to view the surroundings that he ex upon the old car he had ridden in with to the farm. pected would welcome him for the next 60 or 90 In a moment he had cranked the old galleon, days. As the new hand, he was eyed keenly by the swung over the side door and was wheeling for farmer's wife standing, arms akimbo, in the door the road with the gear on high. The road, as way. They result of her appraisal is not recorded in all outlying districts, was but a deep rutted, in history except for the sweeping motion of her rock-strewn, crooked trail but that mattered not— arm which seemed to refer to the two milk pails despair was at the wheel and in sympathy the old on the porch and the dilapidated cowshed some Ford seemed to respond. distance to her right. 9 cows to milk before and Distance dispelled misery, while the exhilarat after 10 hours field work each day, hogs to slop, ing effect of his new freedom and the crisp morn wood to split and other little jobs to do if the ing air stirred Louie to romance. "The Red Flag," farmer's wife was lazy and shirked, and Louie had "Hold the Fort," "Farmer John" and other rebel never known them to be otherwise. songs were shouted from his lips as the ram One glance at the herd of Texas longhorns and shackle car careened madly on its way to town, Louie knew they would fight every inch of the way sometimes on the road, sometimes off, shooting without yielding as much milk as one good Jersey. down .hill at a fearful velocity and turning sharp Broken down equipment, harness and implements, corners on two wheels. The last corner (alas for scattered or left wherever they happened to be the abrupt ending o}f this tale!) led directly on dropped, pieced and repaired with haywire, told a bridge spanning a shallow stream. the tale. He was on a jerk-water wheat ranch The weak wooden side railing held a second, located in the lesfe-civilized reaches of western just long enough to break the speed of the car and Kansas and 25 miles from the nearest settlement. to permit it to gently flop into the water below. Six o'clock the next morning found Louie with Not in like degree, but in the manner of the "One his chores completed and ready for breakfast. The Hoss Shay" did the old 1912 model give up the baker's bread, brought from town the previous ghost. evening, had by oversight been left out in the car The wheels, unable to withstand the shock of all night and was served in soggy condition. The the fall, broke from the axles, the engine dropped fried potatoes had not been in the pan long enough out of the bottom, while the top, released from to become warmed through. The sow-belly was the catches and broken straps, floated down stream. too strong for unaccustomed nostrils and skim- Our hero, out of breath, but making a heroic milk was used to dilute a decoction the farmer's effort to sing the last bars of "The Red Flag" waded wife called coffee. ashore toward the town whose elevator tops could Breakfast over, Louie stepped on the porch, now be seen in the near distance. fully realizing what the future held in store (for Louie was free. He decided to travel. him. Not a Tedeeming feature to it all; not a James Rohn.

INDUSTRIAL PIONEER

HERE

BUT. SURELY, YOU NO, BUT I WANT YOU DIDNT SHOOT TO MAKE HIM G-IVE HIM? MY GUN BACK !!

48 First Craft Union Official: What shall we do The influence of American diplomacy can now about this cut in wages for our members? be seen in world events. Even the Irish seem to Second C. U. 0.: That's easy. Ill spin a dime. have taken notes and are using them instead of If it turns Heads well tell the boys to accept the shilalahs while discoursing with Johnny BulL cut but keep up the union. * * • If it's Tails we'll ask the employers to hold a It is reported that the Greeks are about three conference and plead for a compromise. times stronger for disarmament now than a few If it stands on edge well reorganize on in weeks ago. A constant diet of Turkey makes any dustrial lines and use our economic power. one long for the simpler life. / * Especially when Turkey disagrees with one. * * * » * judge Landis of Kenesaw Mountain has just The Ku Klux Klan rightly named would be "settled" the wages of the Chicago building trades Kidnap 'em, Knock 'em and Kill 'em. workers. * * * The shrinkage due to the settling process has It is rumored that the Imperial Lizzard of the elicited some direct action from the rank and Ku Klux Klan favors disarmament—of his op file. ponents. Landis brings to mind such things as expelled • * * big leaguers, twenty year sentences and twenty- A. F. of L.: I tell you our organization believes nine million dollar fines. With practice like this he should be competent in local autonomy. ' Wobbly: Yeah I And where does your local to "settle" the direct actors. monotony get you to I * * • * * .* Fatty Arbuckle, of the moving picture industry, It is rumored that Admiral Sims has been is now working on a new picture it is said. The reading the History of the I. W. W. Free Speech title suggested has been "The Death in the Party." Fights. Sims is thinking of starting a League to Fatty as usual plays his silent part quite suc Acquire the Right of Free Speech for Admirals cessfully. and Other Oppressed Peoples. * * * « * • Latest Divorce Sensation! Fargo Chief of Police Prosperity has been delayed again. The sale is separated from his gun! Wild auto rides and of the slaves on the auction block in Boston only close association with different persons of dis brought from five to ten dollars a slave. In the repute are causes leading up to the scandal. The good old days block sales used to return as high chief when interviewed claims that he is very as three hundred dollars for very ordinary speci much opposed to the separation proceedings and mens classed as seconds. A No. l's in proportion.— declares that he will have no more dealings with It's going to be a hard winter. the red district in an intimate way. * * » » « * However, the Ku Kluxers seem to be coming Improving on Marx. along financially and as to business they seem to Socialists of America, organize! You have no find the pickin's fair. Who said that the Yankee thing but your weakness to lose and a strong couldn't equal the Jew in money matters? Socialist Party to gain! Beading Labor Advocate. * » * * » * Business really is picking up. In North Carolina, The National Commander of the American Le for instance, the demand has been very heavy for gion has telegraphed Harding that a pardon for rope lately. So much so that in the newest at Debs and other political prisoners would be inter tempt to maintain white supremacy the mob had preted as a license to disregard law and order. to use a tire chain for the supreme purpose. This We always thought that the American Legion industrial crisis is hell. had that license framed and hung up long ago. Mohandas Ghandi and Soul Force

THE following article written by a personal Ghandi'i Influence friend of Ghandi, the Hindoo rebel mystic, shows the great changes that are sweeping What centuries of vituperation, violence, and over the minds of the Hindoos. The basic philoso force could not accomplish, the example and phy of the I.W.W. of course rejects both the idea teaching of this one courageous, invincible soul that personal leadership can generate such a has brought to pass, in the space of a few years. sweeping change of even direct it without or What millions of dollars worth of missionaries ganized methods, and denies mysticism, of the have failed to make so much as a dent in, this sort that includes soul force, as a revolutionary one man's honesty and disinterestedness has swept factor. away in less than a generation. The caste sys The abnegation of physical force is played up tem is destroyed. Pariahs (untouchables) are now over and over in this article but it seems that asked to break bread in the homes of Brahmins economic force, something more powerful and of (the highest caste). The great majority of these greater strength and coercive capacity, is being more than three hundred million people (a fifth used in nation wide general strikes under the term of the whole human race) most of them illiterate in the sense that we use the word, are with slow non-cooperation. This confusion of ideas of force is not alone but increasing understanding and sincerity fol found in India but is to be encountered in every lowing the guidance of this great movement. country. Force and coercion have their basis in His Personal History the, material nature of things and that the Hin Perhaps an outline of Ghandi's personal history doos have been forced into action is a result of will give some idea of the forces that he seeks great economic causes, we believe, rather than to direct and the viewpoint that he holds. the formulation of mystic properties known as Born of a wealthy family who were Buddhists soul force. (Editor). since the time of Buddha, his father was prime minister of Kathiawar, one of the few native FIVE YEARS ago in India, there were constant states still nominally under native rule. brawls, many developing into serious disturb Gandhi was educated in England, graduating ances of great extent, between Hindoos and with honors as a barrister. But even before the Mohammedans throughout the country. The disagree Boer war (he is now a little over fifty years old) ments often arose over such features of Moham the hideous system of indentured Indian labor medan festivals as cow killing. To Hindoos the in South Africa was brought to his notice in cow is traditionally sacred. Then they quarreled London and he finally decided to give up all over the use of wells, bathing places, in fact, thought of a "career" and to use his hereditary over many scores of matters little and big in wealth and every power he possessed to "fight which the two peoples differed. the fight of those who are helpless." The English, craftily partial toward the minor He fought with a weapon that appalled as much ity (the Mohammedans) in every possible way ac as it enraged the authorities, for they did not centuated these disputes. Divide and Rule was know how to combat it. A single man, alone, a successful policy. without following, he set himself against the The New Attitude whole British government, the long-entrenched economic system of all South Africa, in "passive Today, Mohammedans and Hindoos drink from resistance" only, armed with nothing but his in the same vessels (traditionally, hitherto, cause vincible will to right wrong. He bought a tract for instant "out-casteing.") They eat together, of land where any escaped slave might find re defer to each other's customs, inter-many, ignore fuge, and slaves flocked there in increasing num caste in all respects and make common cause to bers. gether, at no matter what personal cost, against Government Abuses their common foe. This movement can be practically identified In vain the government abused, pillaged, sacked, with the life and work of one man, Mohandas and resorted to every method of organized vio Ghandi. There have been, of course, numberless lence. Huts were rebuilt, ravages repaired, and anonymous forces contributing to this end, but the movement went on as before, gaining, despite had these forces not been sensed, coordinated, all losses, in momentum and following and intel and constructively utilized, there would be only ligent direction. Again and again—some twenty another tale of lost opportunities to tell instead times—Gandhi was imprisoned under the most of this outstanding thing, unique in the history cruel conditions, again and again abused almost of the world. to the point of death. All these things, and the

50 OCTOBER, 1921 transparent sincerity of his whole life, only in wounding indiscriminately. With England's failure creased his power with his followers. to keep the promises made during the war while The fact that he withdrew his friendship from draining India of men and money, and the ar anyone who resorted to violence no matter in bitrary partitioning of Mohammedan territory in what extremity, kept his theories of passivity Europe and the near East, both Hindoo and uppermost. A man might defend himself from Mohammedans realized that they had been again abuse in any way that did not involve injury to betrayed and despoiled. his assailant, but "let it be said by future genera tions that the only blood shed was our own." Ghandi's Teaching During the Boer war Gandhi organized an am For two or three years Ghandi went from one bulance corps composed entirely of ex-slaves and starved district to another telling the terrified worked impartially for English and Boer alike. peasants, "Eat your grain. Don't pay it in taxes. He was seriously wounded on the battle fields, Pay no attention to man-made laws if they are as were many of his men, in this work, some of evil, as this tax law certainly is. Do not lift them losing their lives. your hand toward any human being in violence. Despite much cheap talk over this service while This is a law of God. I will stay with you when the British needed it the peonage of Indians in the tax-collector comes." South Africa went on as before. Ghandi conti The results were various. Sometimes the tax nued as previosly in organizing methods to combat was "deferred"—the . collector "saving his face" the system by legal arguments, arraignments and under this disguise. Oftener there was violence, mass protest. At long last, only a few brief always begun by the collectors, occasionally joined years ago, much of the legalized injustice was in by the villagers, to Ghandi's very real grief. officially repudiated and conditions of work es He himself was always in the fore of any combat, but never more than slightly wounded—his fol sentially improved. lowers surrounding him, despite his protests, if Ghandi Goes Home direct harm threatened him. Then Gandhi returned to India to find his Organizing the Propaganda countrymen, despite fair general harvests, dying Gradually from place to place all over the literally by thousands—whole families in a single country, he won many adherents as sincere as hut, in heaps of twos and threes in village lanes, himself. A great company adopted his ideas and along the public roads—some thirty millions in tactics and went about multiplying his influence a single year, of sheer starvation. and carrying his message throughout every part Taxes to support the war had been abnormally of the land. increased. When the peasants could not pay, their Ghandi is a small man with a thin, plain face food, their household goods, clothes, huts, were but his eyes are alight with fire and his presence taken, their ground sold under their feet. Train- carries an almost unbelievable power. His clothing loads of wheat and rice for exportation to the is of the plainest homespun. Daily he weaves by battle-front passed through villages of skeletons hand the native fibres and as nearly as possible pleading, crying, for a handful, a mouthful. lives on the returns from this work. Wherever he The massed protest of even unarmed women and goes, gifts are heaped upon him by an adoring children was dispersed by armed men, killing and people.

Agricultural Worker's Hut.

51 V INDUSTRIAL PIONEER

He accepts absolutely nothing: for his personal ary had ever uttered one word of protest even use, but suggests the sending of what can be against the terrible English massacres of native spared in any one part of the country to those women and children. districts where there is the greatest need. This proves an additional factor in bringing these Soul Force • widely diversified peoples face to face, and breed It was after the greatest of these massacres, ing friendship between them—there are some that of Amritzar, that Ghandi formulated his re two hundred different languages in India, and ligion of "Soul Force." This seems to be the those in one part are often completely ignorant real ruling sentiment in India today, despite spor of what is happening in other localities. adic lapses from its pacific teachings by the peoples. The Big Strike Consider for a moment the nature of the social and psychological elements involved and the ideas In the spring of 1919, England enacted new of "Soul Force" will seem a natural thing. "laws" practically repudiating every war time Ghandi's hereditary training is all against the promise made. Ghandi asked for an All-India day taking of life. I have seen devout men of his of "fasting". Every shop, every public utility faith going about with gauze over mouth and closed, and men and women spent the day in nostrils in tenderness towards microscopic crea prayer to their various divinities. Local officials tures! ordered activities necessary for the continuance of The Argument the industrial processes resumed and resorted to violence when this was refused. Ghandi's argument is: "If you want to sweeten Ghandi hearing of this move started from Bom a cup of vinegar, do you add more vinegar to bay to Delhi, the capital city of India to protest it? Does any intelligent man suppose that violence and to bring encouragement to those under se can be overcome by more violence? That war verest pressure. En route, he was arrested, re can end war? turned to Bombay and ordered to remain there This is talk of unthinking children," he says. but was not imprisoned this time. He believes literally, that men are more than Even before he was returned to Bombay the flesh and blood and that the greatest power is people of Delhi heard of his arrest and fearing intangible. He believes that by complete con violence to him they seemed unable to restrain centration on a single goal (India's freedom), by themselves any longer and began tearing up rail bending every energy, every thought to this end, roads and burning government buildings, cutting looking neither to the left or right, a psychic or communication wires etc. spiritual force is generated, far greater than any It is significant of the position occupied by the mechanical or physical force can ever be. Christian missions in the minds of the workers He believes that there are powers in the world that they were included in some of the acts of about us that can be laid hold of by the mind or violence on the part of the latest followers of "soul" of man and used to his own ends. But Gandhi. only by those who foreswear all use of brute Holy Millions force, violence. "We can lay hold upon this, .we can use it for the I have stayed for considerable periods as a redemption of India, if we will, but keep our minds paying guest in a number of the missions in In above all thought of physical violence and unite dia, and easily realize that many an old grudge, our faith, our wills, upon the one great goal." many a heart buring, was expressed in such ac tion for the liberation of "Mahatma Ghandi." Ghandi's Program I do not mean to imply that missionaries are Ghandi is unique among statesmen in insisting evil. Many of those that I knew were agreeable upon absolute straightforwardness in every re associates—for at least a short time but the fact lation. He has openly declared his complete and remains that even the "rice christians" (those irrevocable opposition to English government in who consent to be baptised, some times whole vil India, and has openly formulatel his program to lages together in times of famine, for the sake of end it by the rigid pursuance of "non-co-operation," being fed) know that these people come to convert and fiinally, if all else fails, that the millions of them for a salary, and that the numbers of con India shall surround the thousands (a mere hand verts in reports is the thing that counts. They ful, comparatively) of foreigners and escort them know that almost invaribly the missions pay the to the sea coast, there to embark for their native lowest wages to natives and exact the most in land, never to return. return and that despite all the brotherhood that This may sound fantastic to Westerners ac is taught, many an injustice obtains and that they customed to "diplomacy" and violence. But when are forever looked down upon. It is common know one has seen these millions of India marshalled ledge throughout all India that no single mission and led by the power of sheer honesty of purpose 52 OCTOBER, 1921

and singleness of faith disdaining all use of phy themselves on their own basis of physical force. sical force, relying on "soul-force" alone, in the But it also means that the overwhelming majority face of the most powerful government in exist of police force (practically all native) and of ence armed to the teeth, one has to own that native regiments, must have gone over bodily to here is a new thing under the sun—and a great Ghandi's standard. It may even mean, indeed, thing; perhaps, indeed, the greatest thing the that the day when "every white face and every world has yet known. weapon of warfare shall leave the land and soul- force reign supreme" is not so very far in the Present Rerolt in India future. The last news from India is of wide-spread "Workers of India," Ghandi cries, "segregate bloodshed, and the reason given for this in dis this evil government by complete non-cooperation. patches is a "native uprising" near Bombay. One Do not speak or even think about it. Waste none cannot, of course, rely on anything sent out by of your strength in hating it. For you it no a subsidized press, but that anything whatever has longer exists. When you hate, it is as if you sifted through to this side of the world, implies poured some of your life-force out on the sand. a matter of considerable magnitude. Whatever you do not believe in, would not use, The probability is of concerted refusal by the ignore. Thoughts of revenge sap your soul-force, people of wide areas to hand over as "taxes" the as a leak in a boiler lowers the driving power. last mouthful of food, and their wholesale murder Save every thought for the rebuilding of your in consequence. In frenzied reaction from such Motherland. It is upon you workers that she de attack, the natives may have lapsed into violence— pends. It is upon the workers of the world that as reported. After all, they are only human. If the world depends. For all workers are brothers the report that the government has appealed to of one family." Gandi to "restore order" is indeed true, it aoes This is sound common sense. And with a fifth not, of course, imply that they have been con of the whole human race, it has already "worked" verted to his principles, but merely that they have in an almost miraculous manner. not enough men and guns to "see it through" P. D. E.

Industrial Pioneer Study Classes

Many groups of members in the I. W. W. are marily but are also of value in personal study interested in obtaining knowledge of the theories work. They deal with the industrial phases of of industrial unionism and economics. Such per the theories of economics and are a modern, up sons are anxious to start study classes in a uni to date industrial application of the science. form way in our organization. The Industrial pioneer is in a position to fur nish to any person or club a full fifteen lesson The Industrial Pioneer is now in a position to course under this splendid instruction in return aid with a series of splendid lessons in applied eco for four yearly subscriptions to the Pioneer. nomics to be held under the supervision of one of Here is your chance to start a study class. Get the best labor economists of the time, Fellow a few of your friends who are interested, to Worker Mary E. Marcy, author of the little hand gether, and get the four subscriptions from book which the I. W. W. has so widely distributed— among them. Then the lessons will be forwarded "Shop Talks on Economics." She will advise and to you and the classes can start at once. A five help in every way possible the development of these dollar study course for four yearly subscriptions. classes by letter. Get started now. Write to' the Industrial Pioneer. These lessons are ready for study class work pri 1001 W. Madison St., Chicago, III.

68

c Is it true that the Uit I. W. W. convention went of society from the present ruling class—the capi on record as being opposed to the doughnut ?—^J. S. talists. This question is a very vital' one. In order to Now the power of the present ruling class rests answer it clearly it needs analyzing, however. directly on their control of the big industrial ma "Doughnut", as here mentioned, has two separate chine of production and distribution. This big and distinct meanings. p,'od-ctive machine is centralized around certain Taken literally as a fried cake with a more or highly industrialized points where men and machin less large hole in the middle the doughnut is not ery have been gathered together in great volume obnoxious to the I. W. W. But in its larger, sym and where the lines of transportation and handling bolical and connotative sense the doughnut stands facilities make possible the receipt of enormous for much more than that. The doughnut represents quantities of raw materials and the production and to the worker his small share of the good things of shipping of the tremendous output of manufactured life that he produces. goods. After plowing, harrowing, seeding and cultivat As we have stated before and wish to emphasize ing the world's crops the worker reaps the again—a social revolution depends not on the cap grains, gathers the fruits, milks the cows and ture of a court house full of archives or an arsenal manufactures all the flour, shoes, and clothing as of munitions excepting as they may be a means to well as the other comforts and luxuries of life. an end, but the revolution depends on the taking After having done all this diligently and faithfully over and operating of this whole complicated ma in response to the urge of workmanship which drove chine i f the industrial processes. man from one of the weakest to be the most power A glance at the industrial map of Chicago shows ful of the animals the worker gets as his life sus that it is in a very strategic point in the industrial taining portion of all these products—a doughnut life of the country. The food of millions of persons and a cup of coffee, relatively. is packed and shipped from Chicago. The stopping The doughnut stands without a quibble for that of this food supply alone would bring hardship on chaotic system in which persons gain their reward the whole country were it cut off. not in response to their usefulness to society but Then Chicago is the greatest railroad center in because of petty graft, thievery and inheritance the United States. The most important industrial of the fruits of such. factor of all the rest is the transportation system. Without question the last I. W. W. convention Chicago is the key place in the network of railroads. as well as the first I. W. W. convention has stood It is located close to some of the best developed resolutely in opposition to the doughnut. The I. coal mines in the country. It has water transporta W. W| from first to last has stood for the domina tion that gives access to products that are as varied tion of the world by the world's workers and for as they are necessary in carrying on the multitude the institution of a sane system of production in of processes that are vital to the functioning of which full warehouses would mean a rich and well modern industry. cared for people with equal division of the neces Close to Chicago are the biggest and best tech sities of life among all and equal opportunities for education, knowledge and advancement to every nically organized steel mills in the world. In every body. aspect Chicago is the key place in all our American * • • modern industry. Should the reaction maintain its hold on Chicago the revolution is hopeless. Why does every one from Jack London down Should the forces of industrial unionism be so predict that Chicago will be a central point in the strongly organized in Chicago that they can step social revolution?—Z. B. into the breach and operate the industry and speed The social revolution means the Itransfer of up production right from the start of taking con the controlling power over the present means of trol, then the reaction is in a powerless position. production and distribution. It does not signify an Who holds Chicago district holds the key to the uprising of the infuriated people. It does not signi advance of the American proletariat. It is con fy the gathering of the revolutionists away off in siderations of this kind that have led various stu some strategic mountain country where they can dents of revolutionary tactics to believe that Chi give successful battle to the forces of reaction. cago will be the place of future action on the part It means the successful taking over of the power of the revolutionary working class. 54 "JUSTICE"

A BIRDS-EYE VIEW

The General Defense Committee has launched even before the terrible Wheatland riots when a new campaign for the release of our Fellow armed deputies shot into the ranks of striking Workers from the hell holes of capitalism. The men, women and children in August, 1913. facts of the imprisonment of the victims of the As is usual in cases of official brutality and I. W. W. and other framed up cases will be murder on the part of our masters, they chose carried to every person in America if the new to send up to their prisons, innocent workers, defense spirit lives up to its promise. named as guilty of crime in their courts. Ford Every possible means is to be used to get the and Suhr were picked as the victims. idea across to the passive workers of this country Esmonds chief abilities were those of a writer that the class war prisoners are in for all of us. and speaker. For Ford and Suhr he did both. He Not only must we get them out but we must aided strenously in the publicity work carried on put a stop to the vile tactics that are even now both before and after the "trials" and soapboxed being used on some of the prisoners. The fair the California valleys in the prolonged effort to phrases of impartiality and justice show up quite force Hiram Johnson to free the convicted workers. spectacularly against the back ground of per So successful was he in getting the facts across secutions and brutal treatment that is the rule in that on two or three occasions attempts were made the courts and prisons of our capitalistic masters. to buy him off. Many of these speeches and lectures were delivered in and around Sacramento. We know the phantasy of that thing which the courts call justice. We know the vice and cynical The Housing Drive brutality that surrounds the administration of the Esmond likewise aided the late Prof. Carleton laws of this country. It is the facts of this ad Parker in the investigation made of the housing ministration that we must now present to all the conditions in California, after the exposure by people of America so that they may know the the defense of the conditions at Wheatland had creature of horror and intrigue that is behind the startled the state. This investigation was under scenes pulling the ropes of "justice" that try to the charge of Simon Lubin of the Immigration strangle us in our onward march toward the and Housing Commission and resulted in the big Industrial Commonwealth. California clean-up that rendered conditions at It is perhaps fitting that California should least bearable in some of the camps that previously furnish the background for the latest of the long had been unfit for swine. string of sadistic outbreaks that have marked As a result of a fever contracted in Canada, the progress of law and order in that state. Esmond had a weakened heart. His labors during the defense battle and the hard fight of the in •> Etmond'a Early History vestigation and speaking tours now proved too Fred Esmond imprisoned in Leavenworth Fed much for him and the result was a total break eral Penitentiary has been driven insane. Let us down, with the development of his trouble into a glance into the history of this educated worker's severe case of valvular heart disease. life and learn the facts concerning the treatment The Mooney Frame-up that has now ended in his loosing the use of that Till 1916 Esmond lived in almost total retire wonderful mind that had defied and baulked to ment at Corte Madera, Marin County, California the very last those who sought to stifle and The Mooney Frame-up brough him back into the pervert it. ring, this time as a publicity writer. The con Esmond is an Englishman and is now about dition of his heart made it necessary that he take forty-one years old. He is a graduate of Christ the best care not to over exert himself. Esmond Church College of Oxford University. He came to worked feverishly on the case however the results Canada in 1910 and later to Utah in 1912, where of which are well known and the rawness of the he took active part in the strike on the Union Mooney Frame-up is so widely acknowledge as to Pacific against the damnable conditions that ob stand out glaringly among even the hirelings of tained in the construction camps of the Utah Con "Justice" as to be recognized and pointed out as a struction Company. He loaned his talents as a bad piece of bungling. speaker and writer to the prosecution of this I. W. W. Publicity strike and the furthering of the I. W. W. pro In December 1917, after the arrests on the gram of education and organization. Chicago indictment and the raids in Los Angeles The Case of Ford and Suhr and Fresno the need for I. W. W. publicity was He then passed into California where he was imperative. Esmond fully recognizing the danger active in organization work for some short time he was running took charge of their publicity. 55 INDUSTRIAL PIONEER

The Fickert Election Bomb the famous Black Hole of Calcutta for its mild On the 17th of December, 1917, came the bomb ness. explosion at Governor Stevens residence which was When at last he was rescued from this con the beginning of the Sacramento case. The ex finement which even the city ordinances declare to plosion was such a palpable frame-up for election be illegal he was taken to the county jail, nervous, purposes as to arouse suspicions on all sides as emaciated, suffering keenly from his heart yet sane to the truth regarding the bomb outrage. and clear headed. Simon Lubin of the old Housing Commission, There is only one thing to call this dastardly whose experiences in enforcing the housing laws treatment of a man as far gone with a chronic of California had given him an insight into the ailment of the heart. It was a deliberate attempt lengths that the masters of California will go at murder. in their vicious policy of enslavement, personally A Little "Medical Attention" hired a detective to investigate the explosion on From March 9th till August of 1918 no one the side. was permitted to visit Esmond. Then his wife There was a very prompt clash between the obtained permission to see him. He was in very agents of Fickert and the U. S. Attorney at bad condition. His heart was bothering him and Sacramento on one side and the private investiga he was very nervous from his long solitary con tor. Esmond became quite familiar with the work finement. of the detective handling the work for Lubin and . It was during this visit that his wife learned soon facts were uncovered which if followed would of the fiendish attempt made to infect him with give conclusive evidence as to the real perpetrators syphilis. This was deliberate on the part of the of the bomb explosion. police. A Negro in an advanced stage of the Action was quicK. Lubin's detective was prompt disease, with open running sores all over his ly railroaded to an insane asylum. He has not whole body, was placed in the same cell with been found nor traced since. Esmond was over Esmond. whelmed with work starting the publicity for the Protests were unavailing and all means of Sacramento Boys whole terrible tortures and suf protection from contagion were denied the prison ferings have been covered in the "Silent Defenders," er. This was continued until the condition of the a pamphlet dealing with this one case of crooked Negro became so awful that a jailor complained politics, bombing, murder and every other crime on to the health authorities, as he was afraid of his the calendar which was cynically committed in own safety. However, an examination of Esmond the sacred name of law and order by the powers five months later found no trace of syphilis. This that be. matter is of particular importance just now in The Sacramento Case view of the statement of the doctors, that Esmond The individual trials which were first initiated may recover if no previous history of syphilis against the defendants in the Sacramento case exists. were lost by the prosecution. The case was too A Taste of Justice clumsy. A blanket indictment was returned and Esmond was sentenced with the rest of the 43 Fred Esmond with the entire group working for Silent Defenders. His contribuiton from the scales the defense was arrested. Esmond got out on of justice was ten years in Leavenworth. The bail and struggled along single handed to fight only charge against these workers was that they the cases through. All thought of his heart distributed literature explaining the I. W. W. and trouble left him. He threw himself into the work. the social system under which we live. "Reforming" a Prisoner Now comes the recent history. Esmond has in Esmond's first arrest occurred on Feb. 8th, 1918. curred the undying hatred of the entire gang, On March 9th the Federal Immigration Authorities, of perjurers, grafters and perpetrators of every though Esmond was under bail, reordered bis arrest. thinkable crime, that pose as the upholders of law Esmond was beaten up. He was abused and and order in California. He has come so close to tortured in every way known to the calloused pre getting the goods on the actual perpetrators of the servers of peace. He was thrown in the detention Preparednes Day and the Fickert election bombs home at Angel Island, but the conditions there that he is feared and hated fanaticaly by the were not horrible enough so he was removed from fiends that were responsible for these outrages. the custody of the Federal officers in whose The Final Blow charge he was supposed to be and returned to They sent Mathews, a private detective to him San Francisco where he was placed in the city in Leavenworth. Esmond had had no trouble with jail. the prison authorities. He was living quietly under For forty days and nights he "was held in solitary the prison rule and showed no sings of mental confinement in the black hole, which is a torture aberration. chamber used in every jail in the country, most Then Mathews came. He purported to be an usually supplied with appurtenances that shame agent of the Department of Labor bent on finding 56 OCTOBER, 1921 out the truth about the things which Esmond knew line at Wheatfield during the days when Ford and in regards to the real perpetrators of the crime. Suhr were getting the lash from the masters whips. Esmond gave out some information which must He was one of those who were so criminally have been close to the truth. This paid agent re treated in the Sacramento trial. After the rigors turned to California and the terror of his criminal of the years of prison life he was admitted to employers knew no bounds. Esmond found out bail from Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary pend that he was tricked. The effect of this knowledge ing an appeal for a rehearing. was to unbalance the delicate brain of this much . Price returned to California and' at once became tried Fellow Worker. Esmond went insane. active in the defense of the Fellow Workers who Seeking Cover had been arrested and were going through the treatment that he had been through himself. The California gang could not be secure in He handled the defense office in San Francisco even such an instance. They caused the arrest on till the appeal for a new trial was denied by the June 16th of Esmonds wife, Leone Esmond, and it Supreme Court when he started back to Leaven was demanded that she confess that Esmond was worth, was thrown again into the brutal prison one of the parties responsible for the Prepared pens and was sentenced from one to fourteen years ness Day explosion. Immunity was offered her in Folsom, where Ford and Suhr have been these in return. On her defiant refusal she was charged many years. They would rather have Priee close with criminal syndicalism after being "sweated" to home so that they can torture him themselves. for eight hours. Still defiant she was admitted to very low bail The Northwest and it was hinted to her that if she were to In the northwest the same unending fight has jump the bail no effort would be made to find her. been going on. There are outstanding cases there This she refused to do and the bosses' bluff as elsewhere that are typical of the methods used. being called the case was dropped. The attempt But in the states of Washington, Idaho and of the California Criminals to fasten the Prepared Montana a revulsion of feeling is now showing ness day explosion on the I. W. W. boys so as to itself. The insistent day by day educational matter clear themselves and forestall further investigation that has been put out is taking effect and in some failed. But it did not fail before the frame up localities the prosecutions and brutalities have gang had driven Fred Esmond insane. ceased. We need to go on more intensely with Esmond was taken to Washington D. C. to the the work done. We need to carry the truth of Federal hospital for the insane on the 28th of the viciousness of law "enforcement" to every man July, 1921. Chances are good that he may recover woman and child in the entire country. There and take up the trail of the real criminals of are still orgies of tyranny in the northwestern the Bomb outrage once more. states. Centralia, Washington, has had many bat tles since the Armistice fight. Aberdeen in the Present California same state has had members arrested and liter There is so much other recent California ature confiscated time and again. Spokane still history that it is appalling to try and relate the maintains the well worn injunction of Judge fraction of it. Fourteen Fellow Workers are in Webster in periodical raids and persecutions. The San Quentin penitentiary on infamous framed up Iron Heel is a universal phenomena. or class prejudiced evidence. Three are in Folsom There are thousands of cases all over the country Prison in the same state and for the same reasons. that cannot be taken up here, but should be taken There are twenty-two Fellow Workers behind the up in leaflets, local lectures and stickers, to show bars in county jails from Eureka in the northern the peaple of each locality the dirty vicious part of the state where H. M. Edwards is methods that characterize all the various enforce awaiting trial for the terrible crime of circulating ments made by those protectors of civil righteous literature, giving some explanation of the I. W. W. ness, the police forces, the detectives and other and its principles, to Los Aneles where nine pimps and stool pigeons of degeneracy. fellow workers are in jail for similar or less plausible reasons. These nine fellow workers: W. Central States I. Fruit, Robert Engdahl, B. Bendig, L. Allen, Half way across the continent from California J. Olsen, A. Shooker, E. Peters, B. Engel and H. the courts of American justice grind out their Matlin are what is left yet to be tried, out of continued oppression and uphold the sanctity of a group that varies with the passage of time their rule. The battle between the I. W. W. and prison sentences. harvest workers and groups of organized high jacks or hold up men, who have preyed on these A Sample Case workers for years with the aid and connivance The case of James Price stands out as repre of the authorities, has been strong. Pitched gun sentative of the methods of vicious repression that battles have been fought in which in most cases animates our liberty loving courts. Price is one the I. W. W. has come off victorious. of the old time members that was in the picket Growing out of the fight, against a species of 57 INDUSTRIAL PIONEER brigandry that more nearly approximates the cap A Few Details italist system then anything that comes to mind, To attempt to give a complete list of all the is the case of Frank Daring. cases would take pages and a full history of the The High Jack Helpers sordid details of their captivity would fill volumes. Here are a few of these who just happen to be on A battle was fought on a swift moving freight the tops of the files of prisoners and victims between some hold up men and a group of harvest . from the Central States in the last few months: workers who we,re following the harvest northward. Harry Tonn, sentenced to three years in Iowa As a result of ' this battle W. D. Henderson was State penitentiary, J. C. Terrell, sentenced to killed. The law promptly caused the arrest of seven years in the Oklahoma State penitentiary, Frank Daring a member of the I. W. W. who was Harry T. Breen, Thomas Payne, Robert Dilgar, riding on another part of the train and charged and Wm. Murphy are all slated for terms in the him with the murder of the dead man. Kansas penitentiary, John Downs will be tried There was no proof that Daring had been in October, and so on and on through dozens of present at the shooting or had any hand in it. weary files of names that do not even represent He however was a member of the I. W. W. and if the half of the membership of the I. W. W. that the I. W. W. had not organized the harvest have been and are now in jail on framed up workers the rule of the high jacks would have charges or on charges of being members. been supreme and there would have been no fight. This is enough to furnish material with which to West Virginia Participates convict this worker. Daring was convicted of man Further east in the coal barony of West Vir slaughter and the kindly judge gave him fifteen ginia we see the hired thugs of the capitalist years in the penitentiary. hierarchy shooting down in cold blood an unarmed This case typifies much of the methods of the worker who has had the courage to face his masters in the middle west. The commercial clubs enemies in battle time and again. Sid Hatfield was and banking interests rule this country with an shot in the back by three of the Baldwin Felts iron hand. They have sent many good men behind gunmen while mounting the court house steps. the bars in their battle against labor organizations No attempt was made to rebuke his assailants. and education. The murder was quite within the recognized tactics

9?iafitsMVOjB' m

i

OPEN THE DOORS. OCTOBER, 1921 of Justice and was committed with her sanction. tions, demands and protest's have made known the When the miners rose to see that the mUrder was organized spirit that is behind the victims picked avenged, the whole force of the armed militia and out to die by the red handed murderers of Salsedo. trained thuggery of the country was called out Carry the Word to shoot down the miners bent on unholding the This in very small part is the situation in regard law—that written thing which has become a mock the institutions of Justice and the working class ery and an outrage. in the United States of America. We know that From "Coast to Coast" we can not change this situation without organized On the Atlantic seaboard we see more of the power behind us to force a change. But one thing sort of rule that is handed out to the workers we can do and that is carry the facts in detail to of the industries as Americanism by the pluto every man, woman and child in America so that cracy of this country. Sacco and Vanzetti were the very idea of Justice in a capitalist court will close friends of one Salsedo whose body came be laughed out of existence by the workers of the crashing down from the upper stories of the Fed world. eral building where he was being illegally held This campaign of publicity will aid us in our by the agents of Justice. Sacco and Vanzetti were organization work. It should at all times be second too active in getting evidence of this case. They ary to that work. We must remember that we owe were stirring up too much comment and besides a duty to the Fellow Workers who are the victims they were laboring Italians who believed in union of the prison manacles. We must free them from ism and were a detriment to the plans of the local their imprisonment. That can only be done by group of capitalists. The agents of the depart forging the weapon, the economic power, that will ment of Justice easily framed up on the two work turn the balance in the scales of Justice so that ers. They were charged with the murder of Par- they hang the other way. menter and Berardelli, pay roll guards for one Funds are needed to carry on publicity cam of the big shoe companies of Massachusetts. paigns. Funds are needed to continue the relief Sacco and Vanzetti to Die work of the wives and children and of the hun Perfect alibis were proven, but what does a matter dreds who are behind the walls for us4 The Gen like that effect the process of legal Justice? The eral Defense Committee of the I. W. W. asks you two Italian workers were found guilty and will to donate all that you can so that the big publicity die in the electric chair unless labor intervenes. drive can be put across and so that our organ That it is intervening is the greatest news of ization work can be pushed at the same time. the day. In Italy the prompt mobilization of all GENERAL DEFENSE COMMITTEE the working class forces possible in such a case OF THE I. W. W. was made. Economic blockades, mass demonstra 1001 West Madison Street, Chicago, 111.

The Work Peoples' College By Rosa Knuuti

AMONG the millions of foreigners that have As a religious seminary, this school wasn't much crossed the waters to this side of the world, of a success. The workers that enrolled for study are the Finns numbering nearly 300,000. Ig demanded something in modern sciences. The li norant of the customs and language of the coun beral element among the Finns were interested in try, they with other itnmigrants were easily liable a project of this sort and began to purchase stock to become cheap slaves for the American labor in the People's College Corporation. And along market. in 1907-8 they were holding the majority of the Thousands of these Finns located in the mining stock, which as a result meant that their influence regions of Michigan and Minnesota. They were began to be felt in no time. The radical element being educated to the ways of the country by the was injected into the school board and soon potent religious clergy, the obedient servants of the mas changes were seen. The name of the college was ter class. In time they established a school or se changed to the Working People's College. minary for the purpose of putting forth ministers The new policy was a change for the better. It as educators among the Finns. It was first organ created interest among the workers. They began ized in Minneapolis, Minn., in 1903 and was called to flock to the school in such numbers that it was the "People's College." It was moved later, how necessary to build another building to house the ever, to Smithville, Minn., a suburb of Duluth, students. In 1908 the Finnish Socialist Federation where it is situated today. had full control and ownership of the college. Its 59 INDUSTRIAL PIONEER membership was assessed one dollar per year for kitchen or from the factory looms of the east, stu the maintenance of the school. One improvement died, learning to become fighters in the ranks of after another took place. Important changes were labor. What a vocation to choose, to follow. They made in the curriculum. Preparatory courses in were there for a specific purpose. They are learn Scientific Socialism and advanced classes for ad ing the A. B. C.'s of industrial administration, stu vanced students. The teaching of such subject-mat dying the plans for a workers' system of society ter that was of paramount importance to the class to replace the old. struggle was given first consideration. This included But the mission of the Work People's College is history, political science and sociology. Commercial not the education of Finnish workers only, but subjects were also taught, and while some of the seeks to cater to the English speaking workers also. students enrolled for the commercial courses alone, It is striving to become the working class institu they were obliged to take the scientific courses in tion of America. It has already been sanctioned by socialism. Each student spent part of his time in the 1921 convention of the I. W. W. which went getting acquainted with the teachings of Karl Marx, on record to give it support and publicity in every Engels and Kautsky. Essays and lectures were way possible. It is the wish of the Work People's prepared on topics concerning the class struggle. College that the English speaking workers rally to Students were put through rigid tests and examin College this coming year. ations of their studies. In due time the Working School Year People's College became a veritable factory for The school year at the Work People's College turning out finished speakers, lecturers and editors commences on November 15th and continues for for the socialist movement. five months, until April 15th. Everyone entering A few years later, however, in the year of 1912 the College may beg'in his course of study from new ideas innoculated into the movement began to where he left off either at the College or other work havoc with the teachings of conservative so school or at the place he had reached by self-study. cialism. A controversy arose in the Finnish Fede Courses of Instruction ration which resulted in a split. Incidentally, the 1. Scientific department. College was affected. There, also, two factions 2. Technical elementary sciences and practise. arose. The conservative political socialists and the 3. English department. industrial socialists. It reached its climax at the 4. Organization bookkeeping department. annual college conference in the spring of 1913. The industrialist element dominated. Before the Scientific Department conference was over the conservatives had eva Lectures in this department will be given on the cuated. They refused to abide by the rules of the' following subjects: The construction and procedure College Corporation and automatically lost all con of industrial unionism, commencing with the pre trol over the school. Since then it has been in the amble of the I. W. W. and concluding in industrial hands of the industrialists. society. Economics and sociology. Again the curriculum was changed. Industrial Literature which treats on these subjects will be socialism became industrial unionism, and was being used as text books. The teachers will guide the taught from the viewpoint of the I. W. W. The students in the obtaining of such course books which most able teachers that could be had were obtained are collateral to the lectures. The College library for the instructors along these lines. Men and wo has a good assortment of books dealing with these men in sympathy with industrial unionism came subjects, giving an abundance of material in this flocking to the school, eager to know more about work. the scientific doctrines of the class struggle. Practise Department It was not long before the student body voiced Among other work in this department, two hours their sentiments as to what subject matter was most per week will be devoted to correct pronounciation, important to them. They were not satisfied to con reciting poetry, reading and platform deportment. fine their studies alone to the theoretical side of Two hours per week will be given to public speak the class struggle, but demanded a new course of ing and presentation, debate, parliamentary drill, study in addition. Organization book keeping and and organizing work. the study of the delegate system appeared on the In addition to these hours the student body will curriculum. Soon a miniature I. W. W. headquar arrange for two meetings per week in which sub ters with all its various branches and officials was jects of the hour and other discussion will be car formed as part of the study. ried on so as to give the students practise in speak Every student was a delegate, and efficiently and ing on his feet and conducting meetings according thoroughly the filling out of application blanks for to parliamentary rules. membership, the lining up of new members, stamp Department of English ing cards, and making out intelligible report blanks The teaching of English language is divided into were being learned. Side by side, the burly miner four classes. The first class learn the fundamentals from the regions of Mesaba, the lumber Jack from of grammar, pronounciation and the diacritical the west, the harvest stiff, the girl from someone's marks. OCTOBER, 1921

The second class goes through the grammar tho to take regular exercise indoor and outdoor to keep roughly and in detail. Considerable attention is himself in good physical condition. It is an absolute given to composition in connection with the points requisite that one be healthy to get the most out raised in the grammar. Attention is also given to of these subjects. sounds and the pronounciation. Instruction for Those Intending to Attend the The third class concentrates on composition with College reviews now and then in grammar. Considerable Hereafter is attached a student's entrance appli time is given to reading. cation. Fill it out and send it to the College. When The fourth class gives most of the time to the you have made application for entrance, report at study of rhetoric; several long themes are written; the time you specify. If you are unable to attend some time is given to working out speeches and de after you have reported, be sure to notify the Col bates. lege of the inability. Organization Bookkeeping Try to arrive in time at the College. Do not un II. The duties of a secretary; 3 hours. necessarily delay in making your entrance applica III. Fundamentals of double entry bookkeeping tion, for in the College dormitory there is now according to the Rowe system; 2 hours. The stu room for only about 60 students, therefore a delay dents can take up the work where he had formerly may shut you out. left off, or depending on his former preparation. Take all your text books with you for they may IV. Penmanship; 5 hours. be useful course books here. V. Letter writing; 2 hours. Select your course of study as completely as pos VI. Arithmetic 1. Whole numbers, fractions, de sible before your arrival here, selecting what you cimals; 5 hours. think the most important subjects. Follow your VII. Arithmetic 2. A review of Arithmetic 1, selections and plan to the end; then you will get measures, percentage and proportion; 5 hours. the most from your study. VIII. Typewriting. The College has received the recognition of hun dreds of its former students; this should behoove Charges you to come to the College to get information and Room and board may be obtained by each stu reap the benefits of learning while you live. dent at the College dormitory and boarding hall. Knowledge is the keenest weapon in the unavoid The charges are as follows: tuition $8.00, board able class struggle. Learning is its best capital. The $25.00, and room $6.00 per month, the total ex sooner the working class becomes conscious of its penses being $39.00 per month. Under all circum significance in society the nearer is the day of in stances the payments are to be made in advance dustrial freedom. for at least one month. If for any reason the stu It is required of all students persuing courses at dent is compelled to leave before the month is up, the College that they take at least one subject in the balance of his boarding and rooming account the scientific course. will be refunded, but no tuition will be refunded. Application for Entrance to the College How to Get to the College Use this form and send it to the College. Mark with a (X) cross the subject you intend to study. To get to the College buy a ticket at the Union Depot in Duluth to Spirit Lake. In case of baggage —Scientific Course. which is checked, the check must be given to the Practice Subjects. conductor on the train before the baggage is put English Language. off at the Spirit Lake Station. The station is right near the College. If the street car is taken, take Organization bookkeeping. car No. 9 or 14 to 91 Ave. W. From here it is just I shall arrive at the College - a short distance to the College. (Month) (day) Student Life The students are organized and have regular Name - business sessions as well as discussions and debates. Address .- Parties, games, and dances are given Saturday even ings. Frequently programs are given which are at tended by fellow workers and friends from Du Work People's College, luth and the neighborhood who come here to take part in the program and to visit the College. Box 9, Morgan Park Sta., There is plenty of opportunity for the student Duluth, Minn.

One College Professor Who Knew BEFORE his death, Carlton D. Parker, the celebrated American economist, wrote that members of the I. W. W. know more about history, economics, biology and popular science than any group of college students he had ever met. We quite agree with our old friend who did so much to acquaint the world with the aims of the I. W. W.

Our Fall Book Offers Many of our fellow workers will be gathered together in the harvest fields and other places daring the coming months. They will have a great opportunity to start their companions to using their brains. We are doing our part*in this educational campaign by making an offer whereby they can get a number of valuable books free by hustling around and sending in a few new yearly subs (at $2.50 each) for' The Industrial Pioneer. To those sending $5.00 for two new subs we will send free any one of the following $1.25 cloth-bound books: Economic Determinism. By Lida Farce. Explaining the economic interpretation of History. Savage Survivals in Higher Peoples. By J. Howard Moore. An illustrated story tracing the instincts of man from the lower animals, a great book to read or to hand to a worker who does not know man has sprung from lower forms of animal life. Stories of the Great Railroads. By Russell. A tale of modern financial piracy, good for the boys who have a message for the railroad workers. Illustrates how hard some of our million aires worked (other folks) for their wealth.' Universal Kinship. By J. Howard Moore. The story of man's rise from fish, birds and rep tiles to his present estate; the story of man's evolution. For ONE NEW SUB., to The Pioneer we will send free any one of the follow ing cloth-bound 75c books: Socialism, Its Growth and Outcome. By Morris and Bax. An outline history of the human race, through savagery, feudalism and capitalism—and up to a few years before the birth of the I. W. W. A history of class struggless. The Collapse of Capitalism. By Cahn. Explanation of what is causing the strangulation of capitalism today, with the unemployment, high prices, failure of business enterprises Germs of Minds in Plants. By R. H. France. Do plants feel and have consciousness? This book shows how difficult it is to distinguish between animal and vegetable forms. The Militant Proletariat. By Austin Lewis. A history of American clase struggles, show ing the necessity for the I. W. W. program. Social and Philosophical Studies. By Paul Lafargue. Shows the origin of the idea of God and why the industrial worker is the most scientific thinker. Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State. By Engels. A vital book of every intelligent Wobbly. What is the state? How did private property arise? Are these everlasting? Has the family changed? This book answers the above questions. Value, Price and Profit. By Karl Marx. The Marxian (or I. W. W.) explanations of where the worker is robbed, and how. Shows why the place to fight is on the job. The World's Revolutions. By Untermann. A history of former revolutions. If you want to renew your own subscription to The Industrial Pioneer, add 50 cents and we will send you any of the $1.25 books, or if you want one of the 75c books, add 25c to your remittance and we will send it on to you. For eight new yearly subs we will send free of charge all of the eight books mentioned in the last list (75c books). Come along now and help us pile up our circulation during the next three months. And let us know what you think of. the books and we may be able to start a Discussion Page on historical and scientific subjects. Address:

Name - „ „, -

Street MEMORIES

By Jaze

When you are hungry, or when you see other France, are again becoming what the children of workers who are hungry, or when the democracy the workers have ever been, the ill supplied, un of the flop house becomes oppressive to your body, wanted burden of society. Allowed to run. the accustomed, to out door work and a decent place streets on sufferance only, nagged by police and to live, does it ever occur to you to think back on civic clubs, threatened in their efforts at merriment the good old days, to stir up a nest of memories, and play by the clanging trolley, the whirring mo and have a little quiet bitter laugh at yourself and tor and the rumbling truck, playing a perpetual the workers generally for the things of the past game with death, they clutter the tenement dis few years. tricts, and now none thinks of making them safe, Down in Centralis, on the side of one of the especially of making them safe from poverty. empty buildings there was, last fall, a poster, a The very agencies that put out these posters, very large poster, which caused me, in passing it the agencies whose industrial position has been several times a day, great amusement. It displayed strengthened by the war, are exerting their every a very chubby, very robust infant of approximately effort to crush these children into greater poverty, four years in a rather becoming nudity, pro to build upon their withered bodies the founda tected by all the devices of pictorial patriotism, tions of a future militarism. and the caption: Preserve your children from mili It is for the workers, now; as the posters said tarism and poverty. Today on West Madison St. it was during the war, to save the children from I saw a child who recalled that poster to me. Bare militarism, and poverty. But the poverty from footed she was, and dressed in tattered clothes, not which they are to be saved is no hypothetical pov filled at all with the jubilant happiness of our erty inflicted by feared foreign invader. It is a poster's chubby child, but thin and emaciated, look poverty inflicted by the social system under which ing as though her father, perhaps her mother too, we live, it is a poverty inherent in the condition had not had work for some time. Nor was she of slaves from time immemorial. And the militar of the slum type, either, for in her eyes, too, bright ism Ifrom which they are to be saved is no foreign though they were from hunger, was the light of militarism. It is the brute militarism of our own defiant intelligence. master class, for whose future salvation war and And over in the foreign districts, where the Jews foreign conquest are a necessity. The militarism and South Europeans live, instead of happy, chubby and poverty the workers face are inflicted by the children I have seen too much of the bloom of system under which we live and only by the des childhood suppressed in nauseous squalor; I have truction of the system can we eliminate these twin seen too many bright minds and sturdy bodies monsters. wearing out beneath £he strain of insufficient food, We have a vision of a workers' society where and the scurry of the effort to get an op justice and efficiency will be the ruling factors. In portunity to save their children from poverty, and our minds we carry a memory of this vision with hunger, worst of all fears of the worker. us everywhere. Nor is this struggle to save the children con It is a tender memory, this: the memory of a fined to the big cities. In the smaller cities and vision of the happy children of parents whose lives towns of the West, where the fathers work in the are not the perpetual struggle against poverty in mines, the lumber woods and mills, or in the fish flicting capitalism. It should encourage every work eries, the children are being sacrificed to poverty. er to enter the lists against the poverty of our And among the children of the tenant farmers, lives; against the system which renders us hungry those scrawny pelagra afflicted victims of a grossly producers for others enjoyment. This memory hoggish landlord class, hunger cries out to us should encourage every worker to join the struggle again, to save the child from poverty. to save the child from poverty, to save it for the All the children of the workers, after the brief industrial commonwealth, and perhaps, in the period of sufficiency granted on condition that struggle to get a taste of this great era of eman their brothers fought in the hellish trenches of cipation himself.

63 The Educational Bureau

TN ORDER to further the progress of L ate industry for the benefit of the workers X W. W. education and to unify the dif alone. ferent propaganda sections of the or Hoping you will give this your immediate ganization the General Executive Board has consideration, we are yours for, established a Bureau of Education. Industrial Solidarity, This Bureau will attempt to get leaflets Educational Bureau. into the field dealing with specific situations • as they arise. It will route speakers and Industrial Workers of the World. aid in directing the work of the organiza 1001 W. Madison St., Chicago, lll. tion papers along lines of organization needs and requirements. It" will act as a center for information and will at all times seek to keep in touch with the different Cme I W W IN changing industrial phases so as to be able to put out articles and leaflets on industrial Theory

Authorized by the General Executive Board of the I. W. W.

ENGLISH BULGARIAN THE INDUSTRIAL PIONEER RABOTNICHESKA MYSL 1001 West Madison St., Chicago, 111. $2.50 (Workers* Thought) per year; 25 cents per copy; bundle orders, 1001 West Madison St., Chicago, 111. $2.00 15 cents x>°r eoDy, express charge-? collect per year; six months, $1.00. Weekly. INDUSTRIAL SOLIDARITY 1001 West Madison St., Chicago, 111. $2.00 ROUMANIAN per year; six months, $1.00. Weekly. MUNCITORUL THE INDUSTRIAL WORKER (The Worker) Box 1857, Seattle, Wash. $2.00 per year; Twice a month. $2.00 per year (26 issues). six months, $1.00. Weekly. 1001 West Madison St., Chicago, 111.

RUSSIAN CZECKO-SLOVAK GOLOS TRUZENIKA JEDNA VELKA UNIE (The Voice of the Laborer) (One Big Union) 1001 West Madison St., Chicago, 111. Once Monthly. $1.00 per year. Single copies 10 a week; $5.00 per year; 6 months, $2,75; cents. Bundle orders 7 cents per copy. 3 months, $1.50; 5 cents per copy. Bundle orders 3 cents per copy. FINNISH HUNGARIAN TIE VAPAUTEEN A FELSZABADULAS (Road to Freedom) (Emancipation) Finnish Monthly. 1001 W. Madison St., 1001 West Madison St., Chicago, 111. $3.00 Chicago, 111. Single copies, 25 cents. One per year; six months, $1.50. Weekly. year, $2.00. Bundle orders over 10 copies, 20 per cent allowed. ITALIAN IL PROLETARIO (The Proletarian) 1001 West Madison St., Chicago, 111. $2.00 Industrial Union Papers per year; six months, $1.00. Weekly. Published by Stock Companies: SPANISH FINNISH SOLIDARIDAD INDUSTRIALIST! Monthly. 1001 West Madison St., Chicago, (The Industrialist) 111. $5 nn per year; 5 cents per copy. Box 464, Duluth, Minn. Daily.

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NOW ! The

Revolutionary

I. W. W.

A NEW PAMPHLET DEALING WITH THE WORKING CLASS QUESTIONS OF THE HOUR AND OFFER ING A SOLUTION TO THE SOCIAL PROB LEMS THAT CONFRONT US.

Price 5 cents In lots of 10 or more 2%c a copy.

Published By Industrial Workers of the World 1001 West Madison St., Chicago, III.