Navy’s 1010thth CommandCommand takeovertakeover ofof Combined Task Force - 150 PNS HAFEEZ

PNS HAFEEZ is named and their families. It had Naval Complex, the work after the late Vice Admiral capacity to detain 2-4 load of NMC increased Hasan Hafeez Ahmad TQA patients pending recovery/ further. A large number of who was Commander-in- evacuation to CMH/MH retired personnel of Armed Chief/ Chief of the Naval Staff Rawalpindi. Forces residing in Islamabad of from 1971 were also dependent on to 1975. The establishment In 1976, due to shifting of the NMC for medical facilities. was commissioned as a remaining portion of NHQ A case for up gradation First Aid Naval Hospital on and its supporting units, of NMC to 100 bedded 24 March 1986. the work load of sick bay hospitals was taken up with increased; therefore, the the Govt to cope with the On shifting of the Naval sickbay was upgraded to 24 additional work load. PNS Headquarters to Islamabad bed Naval Medical Center HAFEEZ started functioning in 1974, a Sick Bay was (NMC), under administrative as a 100 bed hospital w.e.f established in PNS ZAFAR control of PNS ZAFAR. 20 June 1993. to provide medical facilities to the NHQ employees With the establishment of

Courtesy: PN History Cell NAVY NEWS Patron-in-Chief: Cdre M Arshid Javed SI(M)

Chief Editor: NAVY Contents Cdr Zakir Hussain Khan TI(M) PN August 2017 Vol. 30 Issue. 7 Editor: NEWS ABC Certified - Reg # 16(1381)/15-ABC Cdr Abdul Jalil Adnan PN

Contributions by: PN Command & Staff Conference Report Cdr Rashid Nazir PN 02

Managing Editor: Lt Cdr Adnan Safdar PN Pakistan Navy takes over the Report Graphic Designer 03 Command of Multinational Combined th Syed Razzaq Hamdani Task Force 150 for 10 time

Naval Chief Visits Germany Report Composing: 04 Majid Nawaz

Photographers: Abdul Jabbar, Dilawar Khan, Ground Breaking of Maritime Counter Report nd Tanveer Ahmed, Babar Shahzad, 06 Terrorism Centre and 2 Force Aman Ullah, Ayaz Hussain Khokhar Protection Battalion

Public Relations Directorate (Navy) Naval Headquarters Islamabad Ground Breaking of New Runway & Report 08 Inauguration of Academic Block 051-20062782 Cadet College Ormara 22nd Chief of the Naval Staff Report 051-20062364 10 Open Golf Championship [email protected]

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Note: The views and opinions expressed herein and references if any, are those of the writers and Maritime Security in the Epoch Article contributors and do not necessarily reflect the 18 of Insecurity policy outlook of Pakistan Navy or Editorial By Maliha Khan board of Navy News. Navy News does not claim responsibility for correctness of the advertisements published here. August 2017 01 NAVY NEWS STRATEGIC

Pakistan Command & Staff Navy’s Conference

Command and Staff Conference Pakistan Navy in the presence of regularly in coordination with other of Pakistan Navy was held at prevalent Maritime challenges. Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) Naval Headquarters, Islamabad. The Naval Chief while expressing and Organizations to acquire the The Conference was chaired by Pakistan Navy’s resolve to ensure highest degree of professionalism Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral seaward defence of vital maritime and interoperability. Muhammad Zakaullah. infrastructure and protection of the maritime interests of Pakistan The Naval Chief also expressed Matters related to operational against all threats, reiterated satisfaction over operational preparedness, developmental PN’s unflinching resolve and preparedness of Pakistan Navy plans of Pakistan Navy and determination to safeguard in the face of prevalent Maritime prevailing security situation were maritime frontiers of Pakistan challenges and lauded the morale reviewed. Detailed briefings at all costs. The Admiral also and motivation of troops at all on various ongoing and future reiterated that Pakistan Navy will levels. Pakistan Navy projects and plans continue to play a significant role in as well as operational activities sustenance of peace and stability Command and Staff Conference and security aspects at Gwadar in the Indian Ocean Region in the is the apex decision making body Port particularly with respect to midst of complex, challenging and of Pakistan Navy in which all Maritime Components of CPEC evolving contemporary security Principal Staff Officers and Field Project were also given to Chief of environment. He also urged the Commanders undertake strategic the Naval Staff. field commanders to remain at the review of Pakistan Navy’s Policies highest state of preparedness and and Plans. While making an overall appraisal maintain a constant vigil in their of the prevalent security Area of Responsibility. environment, Chief of the Naval Staff expressed satisfaction over The Naval Chief emphasized to operational preparedness of conduct coastal security exercises

02 August 2017 OPERATIONAL NAVY NEWS Pakistan Navy takes over the Command of Multinational Combined Task Force 150 for the 10th time

Pakistan Navy took over the While addressing the audience, the mission to promote Maritime Command of Multinational Rear Admiral Naveed Ahmed Rizvi, Security at sea, deter, deny and Combined Task Force 150 (CTF- new CCTF-150 assured that his disrupt acts of terrorism while 150) from French Navy at an team is fully prepared to shoulder countering related illicit activities impressive change of command this prestigious responsibility. at sea. The number of participating ceremony held at Headquarters US CCTF-150 also lauded the countries in CMF has risen to 31 NAVCENT, Bahrain. Rear Admiral outgoing French Navy team and over the period of time. Naveed Ahmed Rizvi of Pakistan their dedicated efforts to achieve Navy took over the Command of objectives of CTF-150 during their Prior to present Command tenure, CTF-150 from Rear Admiral Olivier tenure of Command and reaffirmed Pakistan Navy had the exclusive Lebas of French Navy. his resolve to continue operations distinction of commanding CTF-150 with the same zeal and zest. He for nine times and Multinational It is the 10th time that Pakistan further highlighted that relations Combined Task Force 151 (Counter Navy has been entrusted with between Pakistan Navy and Piracy Task Force) eight times which this honour. Vice Admiral Kevin coalition Navies will continue to is a manifestation of the trust and M Donegan, Commander US strengthen due to our focused respect enjoyed by Pakistan Navy Naval Force Central Command & commitment in support of among coalition partners. Over Commander Combined Maritime collaborative maritime security to the years, Pakistan Navy has not Forces presided over the ceremony. bring peace and stability to this only served the maritime interests region. of Pakistan but has also very At the outset of the ceremony, Rear effectively fulfilled its international Admiral Olivier Lebas, the outgoing Combined Task Force 150 is one obligations. CCTF-150, presented resume of the three Task Forces within the of CTF 150’s accomplishments. ambit of Combined Maritime Forces The ceremony was attended by Commander Maritime Forces Vice (CMF). It is a Multinational Coalition Pakistan’s Ambassador to Bahrain Admiral Kevin M Donegan, during for Counter Terrorism operations H.E Mr Javed Malik and several his address also congratulated him at sea in support of Operation high-ranking military officials from for a job well done. Enduring Freedom (OEF) with coalition countries. August 2017 03 NAVY NEWS VISITS

Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Naval Chief (Inspector of German professional matters of mutual Muhammad Zakaullah officially Navy), Vice Admiral Andreas interest and bilateral defence visited Germany. During the visit, Krause. A ceremonial Guard ties were dilated upon. Deputy the Naval Chief called on Deputy with Military Honours was also Chief of Defence Staff Germany Chief of Defence Staff Germany, presented to the Naval Chief on the highly appreciated the role and Vice Admiral Ruehle, German occasion. Thereafter, Chief of the contributions of Pakistan in Naval Chief (Inspector of German Naval Staff Admiral Muhammad spearheading various initiatives Navy), Vice Admiral Andreas Zakaullah laid wreath on German for maintaining peace and stability Krause and also visited German Armed Forces Memorial at Federal in the region. Both the dignitaries Naval Academy at Flensburg and Ministry of Defence. agreed and looked forward to German Submarine Naval Base at further enhancing the interaction Eckernforde. Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral between Pakistan and Germany in Muhammad Zakaullah called on the diverse fields of training, mutual Upon his arrival at Federal Ministry Deputy Chief of Defence Staff visits and defence collaboration. of Defence Germany at Berlin, Germany, Vice Admiral Ruehle in During discussions with German Admiral was received by German his office. During the meeting, Naval Chief, various matters of

04 August 2017 VISITS NAVY NEWS mutual interest including bilateral naval collaboration, Maritime Security and Stability, Coalition Maritime Campaign Plan (CMCP), Counter Piracy Operations, drug trafficking and various avenues to enhance interoperability between Pakistan and German Navy were pondered upon. Naval Chief also highlighted Pakistan’s commitment and performance in fight against terrorism in general and Pakistan Navy’s efforts for maintaining regional peace and security in particular. Vice Admiral Andreas Krause acknowledged Pakistan Navy’s efforts and focused commitments in support of collaborative maritime security in the region and also hoped to extend cooperation between both the Navies in diverse fields of Naval collaboration.

During his visit to German Naval Academy, Chief of the Naval Staff was received by Flotillen Admiral Kay-Achim Shonbach, Commandant German Naval Academy. Professional matters of mutual interest came under discussion during the meeting. Subsequently, Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Muhammad Zakaullah visited German Submarine Training Centre at German Submarine Naval Base Eckernforde, where, Chief of the Naval Staff was given detailed briefings regarding Submarine Training Centre.

Admiral Muhammad Zakaullah also visited German Navy Ship and Submarine. During his visits onboard, the Naval Chief interacted with crew of the Ship and Submarine and lauded their operational competence.

August 2017 05 NAVY NEWS INAUGURATION

Ground Breaking of Maritime Counter Terrorism Centre and 2nd Force Protection Battalion

Ground Breaking Ceremonies Houses, Sniper Ranges, Military of Maritime Counter Terrorism Training in Urban Terrain, Close Centre (MCTC) and 2nd Force Quarter Combat Ranges and MCTC is being Protection Battalion were held at simulators etc. constructed . Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral Muhammad Zakaullah The 2nd Force Protection Battalion with an aim to graced the ceremonies as Chief is an operational segment of Pak fulfill the training Guest. Commander Coast Rear Marines and has been raised for Admiral Abdul Aleem was also protection of Karachi Harbour and requirements of present. offshore infrastructure including Special Operation sensitive installation at Karachi, Maritime Counter Terrorism Centre Anti Amphibious Operations Forces and special (MCTC) is being constructed and Humanitarian Assistance & wings of own with an aim to fulfill the training Disaster Relief Operations. requirements of Special Operation and other Law Forces and special wings of own The inauguration ceremonies were Enforcement and other Law Enforcement attended by a large number of Agencies (LEAs) in Agencies (LEAs) in Maritime Naval officers and CPOs/Sailors. Counter Terrorism domain. MCTC Maritime Counter will house state of the art training Terrorism domain facilities including Live Fire Shoot

06 August 2017

NAVY NEWS INAUGURATION Ground Breaking of New Runway & Inauguration of Academic Block Cadet College Ormara

Ground Breaking of new Runway educational and training activities. significance of the new runway for at Naval Air Station Ormara Naval Air operations in Balochistan and inauguration of newly The foundation of Cadet College and said that the construction constructed academic block of Ormara was laid in June 2012 of new runway at Ormara is yet Cadet College Ormara (CCO) was and it started functioning in a another manifestation of Pakistan held at Ormara, Balochistan. temporarily arranged building in Navy’s aim of westward expansion. Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral 2013, with an aim to bring the Muhammad Zakaullah was the young generation of Balochistan in Both the ceremonies were Chief Guest on the occasions. the socio-economic stream of the attended by officials of country at par with other provinces Pakistan Navy, Frontier Works Upon his arrival the Naval Chief through quality education and Organization, Civil Aviation was received by Commander training, and facilitate them to Authority, Civil administration, Coast Rear Admiral Abdul Aleem. come forward to serve the nation. educationists and a large number After the inauguration ceremony Since its inception, 05 batches of of local notables. of the academic block of CCO, cadets have enrolled in the college. Admiral Muhammad Zakaullah In addition to the academic block, interacted with the project team the new building of CCO will A and congratulated for timely comprise cadet hostels, shooting dmiral Muhammad completion of the project. He range, science and computer labs, appreciated their spirit and auditorium, play grounds, library Zakaullah interacted expressed hope that the college and a mosque. will play an important role in the with the project team nation building. He said that the The Naval Chief also attended role of teachers is most significant ground breaking ceremony of the and congratulated for in educational institutions. The new runway at Naval Air Station admiral further added that the (Ormara) and unveiled the plaque. timely completion of teachers of Cadet College Ormara During the welcome address, should also focus on character Commander Coast Rear Admiral the project. building of cadets along with Abdul Aleem highlighted the

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http://www.nationalsystems.com.pk NAVY NEWS SPORTS nd Chief of the Naval Staff 22 Open Golf Championship

22nd Chief of the Naval Staff 72 holes each for professionals Open Golf Championship was and amateurs. With prize money of held at Karachi Golf Club. The Rs 7.0 million, the event continued leading golfers around the country to be the highest prize money golf participated in the championship. event of Pakistan. The richest-ever Chief of the Naval Staff , Admiral golf event of the country attracted Muhammad Zakaullah graced the more than 600 golfers from across prize distribution ceremony as the country and featured the cream Chief Guest. of national golf, in all categories. participants of 22nd CNS Golf Championship for providing At the conclusion of four days long Commending the untiring efforts excellent entertainment to the championship Muhammad Ashfaq of Pakistan Navy, KGC staff and golf enthusiasts in Pakistan and emerged as a new champion the organizers for seamless congratulated the winners for their and Shabbir Iqbal stood second. conduct of the championship, remarkable success. He also paid Vivek Anand stole the show by Admiral Muhammad Zakaullah special gratitude to the sponsors winning the biggest prize of the said that the successful conduct of and media for their support to the championship by hitting hole-in- the 22nd CNS Golf Championship is game of Golf and Pakistan Navy’s one. the manifestation of highest level efforts to promote sports in the of patronage enjoyed by this game. country. The championship was open to The Naval Chief also said that various categories. The categories golf is a fast emerging game for The Ceremony was attended by a in the championship included all ages in Pakistan and Pakistan large number of dignitaries from 36 holes each for caddies, semi Navy takes pride in organizing a Armed forces of Pakistan, civil professionals, senior professionals golf championship of this stature organizations and Golfers of the and junior professionals. 18 holes every year. country. matches were played for seniors and ladies, 9 holes for veterans and The chief guest appreciated the

10 August 2017

NAVY NEWS HISTORY

“The result of Ghazi’s aggressive deployment was the bottling up of the Indian Fleet that did not dare to sail out of its harbour, Raashid Wali Janjua deciding to sit out the war due to fear”

John Chaffey, in his famous poetic The Tench-class fast-attack diesel where a phasing out plan of the tribute to submariners, says in electric submarine called Ghazi WWII vintage surface fleet was ‘Soul of a Submariner’, “Each year by the Pakistan Navy was leased under progress. he grows more restless, the salt to Pakistan in 1963 and was the flows through his veins, but the only submarine that was held by The 1971 war that was mostly depths are for the young, not the any navy during the 1965 war. fought in the eastern half of the old with many pains.” This couplet The result of Ghazi’s aggressive country saw a daring action by the sums up the self-immolating deployment was the bottling up of Pakistan Navy. In order to keep the temerity of those silent prowlers the Indian fleet that did not dare Indian Fleet confined to its coast, who risk death and discomfort by to sail out of its harbour, deciding the Pakistan Navy deployed three moving intrepidly across the ocean to sit out the war due to fear. submarines on nodal points along currents in the stygian gloom of sea S N Kohli, the Indian Deputy Naval the Indian Western coast. depths. Life under the sea is not for Chief, writes in ‘We Dared’ about the fainthearted; it takes a special the infuriation and shame of the The Daphne-class submarine breed to come up to the verity of Indian sailors who felt belittled by Hangor prowled the sea along John Chaffey’s poetic tribute to the the timidity of their high command. the coast opposite Bombay. It submariners. came across a mouth-watering The memory of such pusillanimity opportunity to sink the Indian fleet, For a country like Pakistan – which rankled with the Indian military which was moving out of Bombay is faced with the threat of a much planners who set about raising on the night between December larger and aggressive Indian navy the stock of their navy during 3/4. But it restrained itself due to – submarines are the ultimate the inter-war years. The upshot the rules of engagement given by levellers. The fear of submarines of the 1965 humiliation was the the Pakistan Naval Headquarters can induce circumspection and comprehensive modernisation and to not attack any warship unless a little humility in Indian military development of the Indian Navy it attacked first. However, planners that set great store that effectively tripled its size by in subsequent duels, when through a blue water navy bristling 1971. The Indian naval build-up in permission was granted, Hangor with arms to browbeat smaller the shape of four submarines and sunk an Indian anti-submarine regional navies in a quest for the eight OSAs, a class missile boats, frigate INS Khukri off the coast of dominance of the Indian Ocean. was not matched by Pakistan Kathiawar on December 9. Hangor

12 August 2017 HISTORY NAVY NEWS defied Indian attempts to destroy submarine successfully laid mines heavy tides. As the musical whir of it through 150 depth charges and during the day in a linear fashion the diesel engines and the sweet remained instrumental in bottling and intended to retreat to the deep purr of electronic gadgets created up the Indian fleet. sea due to the presence of Indian an auditory sensation akin to a patrol vessels. The mines – which lullaby, the intrepid crew of the The Pakistan Navy – in order to hunt were laid 150 metres apart and at Ghazi prepared to lay the second Vikrant and also relieve pressure a depth of 30 metres – had later string of mines. on depleted naval resources in the damaged an Indian vessel too. eastern theatre – decided to send The dangerously aggressive gambit the only submarine with pluck and tempted fate as the submarine range to accomplish the arduous For a country like accidentally struck one of its earlier mission: the redoubtable veteran laid mines. A deafening crescendo of 1965, i.e, the Ghazi. Pakistan – which is of sound heralded the martyrdom of 93 brave souls as the Ghazi went In the eastern theatre, the Indians faced with the threat up in a blaze of glory, striking terror had a decisive superiority with a in the hearts of Indian sailors at Task Force comprising aircraft- of a much larger and Vishakapatnam. It was a classic act carrier Vikrant, two frigates, a of self-immolation by a daring crew destroyer, a submarine and a aggressive Indian Navy that had defied Indian surveillance few patrol vessels. Pakistan just and sea hazards on one of the most had four gunboats and few small – submarines are the hazardous and daring war patrols riverine crafts. Some war historians ultimate levellers. The in naval history. also reported that Indians had hidden the INS Vikrant, their much- fear of submarines can The result of the Ghazi’s destruction vaunted aircraft carrier, in the was the liberty of action available backwaters of the Andaman Sea as induce circumspection with the Indian eastern fleet that they feared Pakistani submarines. blockaded the eastern theatre, and a little humility in disallowing any successor or naval The Ghazi, with a 93-member crew evacuation of Pakistan forces. under the command of Commander Indian military planners Zafar, embarked upon its daring The Indian revisionist historians and hazardous 2,000 miles trek that set great store and Bollywood filmmakers that from Karachi to the eastern have tried to credit the Indian Navy theatre on November 14, 1971. through a blue water with the Ghazi’s sinking have their Its last message was received on lies drowned out by a soulful ditty November 26 while rounding the navy bristling with arms composed by Robert King in honour coast of Sri Lanka. It bypassed of the martyred submariners, Vishakapatnam, the Indian Navy’s to browbeat smaller “No markers herald their watery eastern base on the scent of the graves/ Under wind swept seas Vikrant like a bloodhound. As regional navies in a and rolling waves/ Silent sailors on Vikrant had moved far ahead to eternal patrol/ Scan endless skies hide in the Andaman Sea, the quest for the dominance for kindred soul.” submarine could not locate its intended prey. It turned back and of the Indian Ocean. The Ghazi saga reminds us what came towards the Vishakapatnam a single daring submarine can Port for the second part of its When the Ghazi returned during achieve – a fact we can ignore mission to lay mines in the narrow the night to complete its remaining at our own peril while according approach to the harbour. The task, it committed the cardinal due diligence to our naval intention was to bottle up Indian mistake of re-crossing its earlier development. heavy naval concentration in its path – most probably due to the strategic eastern port base. The obstreperous post-monsoon August 2017 13 NAVY NEWS MARITIME AFFAIRS Regional Impact

The CPEC has a potential to revolutionize the regional cooperation in the fields of socio-economic development, trade, shipping, road and railway transportation, communications, industry and banking.

Dr. Zafar Nawaz Jaspal

Since the announcement of CPEC project has amplified these organizations. The member China-Pakistan Economic Corridor Pakistan’s pivotal role in the nations of these organizations are (CPEC) project in April 2015, connectivity of West Asia, Central economically underdeveloped and Pakistan and China have been Asia and South Asia. Though, also encountering socio-political endeavouring to construct and Pakistan and China would be the challenges. Perhaps, without operationalise its infrastructure as main beneficiary of the project, economic stability, the political soon as possible. yet other regional countries would stability is a wishful thinking. be equally benefited from the These nations need mutual Both sides are cognizant to the operationalisation of the project. cooperation for the sake of their immense dividends of the project. Pakistan has always advocated socio-economic improvement. Pakistan has categorised it as that without increasing economic Hence, CPEC would be having a “game changer.” Chinese also cooperation among the regional positive consequences for consider it imperative for their countries, the Central, West and the members of regional “One Belt, One Road” initiative. South Asian nations could not organizations. Simultaneously, the adversaries of resolve their economic challenges. both nations have been struggling The regional organizations such Pakistan is encouraging the to sabotage the project. Therefore, as South Asian Association for neighbouring states to invest both sides need to remain Regional Cooperation and Economic in the CPEC project. Indeed, the vigilant to the implicit and explicit Cooperation Organisations primary neighbouring states’ investment challenges to the project. objective is to promote trade enhances the significance of the between/among the members of project, but it also has constructive 14 August 2017 MARITIME AFFAIRS NAVY NEWS

impact on the investors’ Islamabad. The participants in the of the main objectives of ECO economies. On April 21, 2015, ECO expressed their resolve to is “development of transport & former Prime Minister Nawaz enhance the regional connectivity. communications infrastructure Sharif stated: “it is catalytic project Therefore, they endorsed the linking the Member States with that will help us combine the theme of the summit -“Connectivity each other and with the outside geo-economic streams of for Regional Prosperity.” Certainly, world.” Importantly, out of 10 ECO our countries. The corridor without regional connectivity, the member states 7 are landlocked. symbolizes our commitment to ECO members cannot resolve their The operationalisation of CPEC create win-win partnerships which socio-economic problems. routes would provide shortest threaten none and benefit all.” route to sea at least 6 members of Precisely, CPEC would be having The CPEC has a potential to ECO. In addition, CPEC would also dividends for the entire region. revolutionize the regional facilitate the Eurasian trade. cooperation in the fields of The ruling elite of the socio-economic development, The 13th ECO Summit Islamabad neighbouring countries, except trade, shipping, road and railway Declaration states: “CPEC is a far- India, also expressed their transportation, communications, reaching initiative that would act immense confidence in the industry and banking. It would as catalyst for development of CPEC project. On March 1, 2017, also encourage tourism in the entire region.” Perhaps, CPEC would Pakistan successfully held the region. The CPEC project seems enhance ECO-wide connectivity 13th Economic Cooperation very advantageous for the ECO in terms of transport and transit; Organization (ECO) Summit at member states. It is because one telecommunications; cyber and August 2017 15 NAVY NEWS MARITIME AFFAIRS all forms of energy; as well as First of all to enhance vigilance people-to-people exchanges, and to respond to any emerging including through regional tourism threat all along the coast, Pakistan arrangements. Navy has raised Coastal Security and Harbour Defence Force Pakistan with the assistance of (CS&HDF). The force comprises China has built the Gwadar Port. a number of Security Stations The port obviously holds enormous from Jiwani to Sir Creek. Each promise for neighbouring countries station is being equipped with Success of CPEC and regions such as Afghanistan, requisite surveillance/ monitoring China, West Asia, Central Asia equipment and response elements. and Eurasia. The successful and Gwadar Port is implementation of the CPEC In addition a suitably configured would provide Turkey, Iran and Task Force-88 comprising ships, intrinsically linked with Pakistan access to Central Asian air units, UAVs, Fast Attack Craft, States, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, shore based surveillance assets conducive maritime Kyrgyzstan-Russian Federation and Pak Marines has been raised. and Europe through China. The Task Force – 88 is aimed at environment along our shipping, trucking and logistics ensuring security of Gwadar Port, industry of these states would its seaward approaches as well as have immense opportunity to grow CPEC related and other maritime coast. In fact, seaward after operationalisation of the CPEC. projects. This especially configured Certainly, this unprecedented sea Task Force works in coordination and coastal security and road link would have far- with elements of PMSA and other reaching positive geo-economic concerned agencies to ensure including security of dividends for the entire region. economy of efforts and creating synergy. With the operationalization of ports is a prerequisite CPEC/ Gwadar Port, maritime Further, Pakistan Navy has also activity off Gwadar and North established a Joint Maritime for security of the CPEC Arabian Sea is set to grow Information Coordination Center exponentially. This will include (JMICC) to improve inter agency project. PN has taken increased shipping activity to/ from coordination amongst various in our ports as well as development country and regional organizations a number of initiatives of maritime economic activities associated with the Maritime along the coast. Therefore, Domain. The centre acts as the success of CPEC and Gwadar Port is nerve centre for collecting and to ensure security intrinsically linked with conducive collating information related to maritime environment along our maritime security so as to synergize of CPEC and Gwadar coast. In fact, seaward and coastal responses of multiple agencies security including security of ports operating in the maritime domain. Port and to augment is a prerequisite for security of the At present, JMICC is coordinating CPEC project. actions amongst number of maritime security organizations within Pakistan and Pakistan Navy being cognizant abroad. of its responsibilities, has taken arrangements all along a number of initiatives to ensure There is no doubt that security of CPEC and Gwadar Port operationalisation of CPEC the coast including and to augment maritime security definitely leads to a new era of arrangements all along the coast regional socio-economic stability ports and anchorages/ including ports and anchorages/ through enhanced regional appproaches. cooperation for development. approaches

16 August 2017

NAVY NEWS MARITIME AFFAIRS

Maliha Khan

The Twentieth century has multilateral approach and are the maritime domain is not quite befallen an epoch of insecurity direct party to these arrangements. unique or novel. In the realms of across the globe since the On the contrary, the other regional security, maritime security is one beginning of the new millennium. as well as global actors might of the oldest one being considered The post 9/11 world can see the not necessarily be enjoying such exceedingly important since ages. South of Asia and the Middle East interactions, especially since the Yet it could not be limited or as the hub of global politics. The involvement of the major powers described in any given definition dominant features of this era are and great powers has increased in over the centuries of seaborne based on security, commerce, and Asia Pacific and the Middle East, trade and travelling. Rather it has communication. As the volume the peace of these regions would broader boundaries when the of trade and other commercial have been jeopardized. In this issue of definition comes to the activities have gained momentum, age of insecurity, the increased researchers or the academicians the interaction among states reliance of the states on the working on the topic. The term have changed its course maritime trade and supply as being maritime reflects a plethora of drastically. As the world is more than 90% opens new and meaning related to all the activities getting more into complex complex vistas for the future of the and objects being undertaken with interdependence, the spilled-over inter-national relations. regards to the sea, but carving a “peace” will mostly be present definition will never be possible for the states involved into the The phenomenon of security in as the concept has to deal with a 18 August 2017 MARITIME AFFAIRS NAVY NEWS number of variables i.e. states as in advance. unitary actors and their shifting In view of the fact interests with the passage of time, Another thing which is important and changing order within the while talking about maritime that the reliance of maritime domain, and constantly security is to differentiate the the states onto the altering nature of the threats. safety issues within the maritime shipping trade along domain from the security concerns. The significance of the maritime Maritime safety is absolutely a with the other sea- boundaries, rights, trade routes, different area as the safety issues centric economic law enforcement in the territorial only deal with the calamities, and regional seas, the issues of or damages related to the activities are maritime security, and maritime environment, whichever risking increasing in the recent safety, have now been enhanced or losing the whole ecological with the development of balance. These issues could be times; around 90% technologies due to heightened caused either by the natural forces world trade volume research to tap and explore the like volcanic activities or eruptions, maritime resources of the world. earth quakes, tsunamis, tornadoes is being commenced Therefore, the maritime security etc; or accidents like oil spillage, through the seas. is considered to be about the leaking of other dangerous fortification and defence of all the chemicals; or intentional On one hand, the interests of the states regarding activities like throwing sewage maritime reliance by the seas. All the strategies and and untreated solid waste and/ the states has been policies made in this regard have or factory wastes to the marine particular purpose to deal with waters which could jeopardize or increased remarkably; any kind of apparent threat which demolish the natural ecological the number of threats will include not only countering balance of the seas. It involves promptly against any unlawful preclusion as well as responding would also have been action or threat at both internal to such issues. The maritime soared to dangerous and external levels, but to foil them safety is the area which is mainly extent.

August 2017 19 NAVY NEWS MARITIME AFFAIRS considered the responsibility of concerns in their jurisdiction as part security to the SLOCs. the civilian, states’ governments of their political independence and along with the other stakeholders. sovereignty as the nation-states. Then the choke points on the SLOCs Then there are security concerns have different level of importance. Historically, there had always of the states at international level These maritime choke points are been significant strategy and in which security of maritime trade strategically much important than policy making in the realms of routes known as Sea Lines of many other aspects of the maritime the maritime security being Communication (SLOCs). security. These are the narrow important for trade and travelling passages which bring the maritime for all the littoral states. It had In view of the fact that the reliance traffic towards specific ports. been believed that controlling of the states onto the shipping Besides the extra cautiousness and dominating the sea lanes trade along with the other sea- for the ships being passed through through trade and establishing of centric economic activities are these choke points to avoid any stronger naval forces could give increasing in the recent times; accident, these choke points can impetus to the empires and other around 90% world trade volume adversely be used too to do naval emerging imperialist nations. Since is being commenced through the or economic blockade through the sixteenth century, a famous seas. On one hand, the maritime blocking these passages. As the excerpt “whosoever commands reliance by the states has been maritime trade has emerged as the sea commands the trade; increased remarkably; the number the backbone of the littoral states, whosoever commands the trade of threats would also have been the trade or energy blockade could of the world commands the riches soared to dangerous extent. prove a backlash to the economy of the world, and consequently Especially the mounting number of the targeted states. the world itself;” by Sir Walter of crimes at sea, piracy, smuggling Raleigh had been mentioned in and trafficking, robbery, acts of It could be claimed that the the books and speeches to reflect terrorism related to the maritime, international laws regarding the importance of maritime. This interference in territorial waters, seas, either customary laws or desire of commanding the seas intrusion by the other state and achieved through the treaties and seaborne trade had raised non-state actors, and external and agreements have developed different challenges to the world aggression or acts of violence by profoundly in the recent times. orders of the history, and the same the enemy states all have become The securing of the seas has phenomenon is present likewise in considerable part of the threat now taken rather different path. the recent times. perception regarding maritime It has predominantly been dealt security. as an inter-agency task at the There are numerous maritime state level, and internationally a security issue-areas which need Since the SLOCs are the core task with wider narratives and a to be dealt or resolved at all the concern of the maritime security, transnational reach to deal with times. One of the most important these sea-lines have tremendous the insecurities of this epoch. subjects has been the question strategic significance as the SLOCs Different laws, agreements, and of security of the territorial are believed to be the lifelines of the the codes of conduct regarding maritime boundaries of the littoral states, where as maritime management of the maritime littoral states since beginning. The security encompasses all areas security issues have been international laws and principles, of seaborne trade and merchant transpired as global arrangements and particularly the United Nations vessels, economic activities of security of the seas, and to Convention on the Law of the ranging from complex tasks of keep them open and free but Sea (UNCLOS) have sorted out tapping of the seabed resources to regularized for the nations of the majority of the issues somewhat the simpler job of fishing and other world, either the littoral ones or effectively. Now the states have sea food, fishing trawlers, crude the heartland. jurisdiction upon their territorial oil shipping traffic, tourism and waters, Exclusive Economic Zones, cruising, as well as port security; and/or the Continental Shelves, and the naval forces of these and are responsible to defend their states along with the other para- national maritime borders and to military forces especially the Coast protect their economic and security Guards are dignitaries to provide

20 August 2017