The Genocide of the Hazaras
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Al-Jeran, Abdul Rahman (1998) Muslims in Britain : Between Reality and Ambition
Al-Jeran, Abdul Rahman (1998) Muslims in Britain : between reality and ambition. PhD thesis http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7236/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Index (I) MUSLIMS IN BRITAIN BETWEEN REALITY AND AMBITION By Abdul Rahman Al-Jeran Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Arabic & Islamic Department in the University of Glasgow Great Britain 1998 Index (II) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Author takes this opportunity to express his appreciation to those who have rendered their assistance and have given their encouragement throughout the course of this study. He is especially indebted to Prof. J. N. Mattock for his supervision. Index (III) SYSTEM OF TRANSLITERATION C. f IJ b ý q i t `+ k ü th I J J ý m P V h ý n Kh ý h A d J W 3 3 dh LS Y r ý a ý z I s k.ý U I sh l)`ý ä L s ý q- d Lý ü r= ý o, t ay lf ý Z aw ý=- ý h D gh L Index (IV) INDEX TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...............................................................................(II) SYSTEM OF TRANSLITERATION (III) ABSTRACT ................................................. -
Consolidated UN Security Council Sanctions List Last Updated on 14 October 2015
The Consolidated UN Security Council Sanctions List Last updated on 14 October 2015 Consolidated United Nations Security Council Sanctions List Generated on: 14 October 2015 Composition of the List The list consists of the two sections specified below: A. Individuals B. Entities and other groups Information about de-listing may be found on the Committee's website at: http://www.un.org/sc/committees /dfp.shtml and http://www.un.org/sc/committees/1267/delisting.shtml . A. Individuals TAi.155 Name: 1: ABDUL AZIZ 2: ABBASIN 3: na 4: na 56 ا:Name (original script): 123456 879 Title: na Designation: na DOB: 1969 POB: Sheykhan Village, Pirkowti Area, Orgun District, Paktika Arovince, Afghanistan Good quality a.k.a.: Abdul ABiB Mahsud Low quality a.k.a.: na Nationality: na Passport no.: na National identification no.: na Address: na Listed on: 4 Oct. 2011 (amended on 22 Apr. 2013 ) Other information: Fey commander in the Haqqani Net ork (TAe.012) under SiraIuddin Jallaloudine Haqqani (TAi.144). Taliban Shadow Governor for Orgun District, Paktika Province as of early 2010. Operated a training camp for non-Afghan fighters in Paktika Province. Has been involved in the transport of weapons to Afghanistan. QDi.012 Name: 1: NASHWAN 2: A-. AL-RA//AM 3: A-. AL--AMI 4: na TUVاﻥ 56 ا:Rﺯاق 56 ا:Name (original script): NO45 Title: na Designation: na DOB: 1961 POB: Cosul, IraH Good quality a.k.a.: a) Abdal Al-Hadi Al-Iraqi b) Abd Al-Hadi Al-Iraqi Low quality a.k.a.: Abu Abdallah Nationality: Iraqi Passport no.: na National identification no.: na Address: na Listed on: 6 Oct. -
Afghanistan: the Situation of Christian Converts
+*-/ !"#)$./) # .$/0/$*)*!#-$./$)*)1 -/. 7 April 2021 © Landinfo 2021 The material in this report is covered by copyright law. Any reproduction or publication of this report or any extract thereof other than as permitted by current Norwegian copyright law requires the explicit written consent of Landinfo. For information on all of the reports published by Landinfo, please contact: Landinfo Country of Origin Information Centre Storgata 33 A P.O. Box 2098 Vika NO-0125 Oslo Tel.: (+47) 23 30 94 70 Ema il: [email protected] www.landinfo.no *0/ )$)!*ҁ. - +*-/. The Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo, is an independent body within the Norwegian Immigration Authorities. Landinfo provides country of origin information (COI) to the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (Utlendingsdirektoratet – UDI), the Immigration Appeals Board (Utlendingsnemnda – UNE) and the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security. Reports produced by Landinfo are based on information from carefully selected sources. The informa tion is collected a nd analysed in accordance with common methodology for processing COI and Landinfo’s internal guidelines on source and information analysis. To ensure balanced reports, efforts are made to obtain information from a wide range of sources. Many of our reports draw on findings and interviews conducted on fact-finding missions. All sources used are referenced. Sources hesitant to provide information to be cited in a public report have retained anonymity. The reports do not provide exhaustive overviews of topics or themes but cover aspects relevant for the processing of asylum and residency cases. Country of Origin Information presented in Landinfo’s reports does not contain policy recommendations nor does it reflect official Norwegian views. -
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom 188 COUNTRIES on the COMMISSION’S WATCH LIST
Annual Report 2008 UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM 188 COUNTRIES ON THE COMMISSION’S WATCH LIST Afghanistan onditions for freedom of religion or belief in by ordinary legislation. This omission is compounded by 189 CAfghanistan have become increasingly problem- a repugnancy clause that states that “no law can be con- atic in recent years. The failure of the new constitution trary to the beliefs and provisions of the sacred religion to protect individuals from within the majority Muslim of Islam,” as well as by provisions for a judicial system community to dissent from the prevailing orthodoxy re- empowered to enforce the repugnancy clause and apply garding Islamic beliefs and practices continues to result Hanafi jurisprudence to cases where there is no other ap- occasionally in serious abuses, including criminal court plicable law. cases that are in violation of the rights of the accused. In The absence of a guarantee of the individual right to addition, the failure or inability of the Afghan government religious freedom and the inclusion of a judicial system to exercise authority over much of the country outside instructed to enforce Islamic principles and Islamic law Kabul contributes to a progressively deteriorating situa- mean that the new constitution does not fully protect in- tion for religious freedom and other human rights in many dividual Afghan citizens who dissent from state-imposed of the provinces. Although the status of religious freedom orthodoxy against unjust accusations of religious “crimes” has improved since the fall of the Taliban regime, these such as apostasy and blasphemy. There are also fewer developments indicate that religious extremism, includ- protections for Afghans to debate the role and content of ing through the return of the Taliban, is an increasingly religion in law and society, to advocate the rights of wom- viable threat once again in Afghanistan. -
International Religious Freedom & Human Rights
INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM & HUMAN RIGHTS COUNTRY FACTSHEETS Jubilee Campaign USA | jubileecampaign.org AFGHANISTAN USCIRF recommends that the United States Department of State place Afghanistan on its Special Watch List with regards to religious freedom violations, and Open Doors ranks Afghanistan the second most dangerous nation in the world for Christians. The 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan designates Islam as the national religion, but stipulates that "followers of other faiths shall be free within the bounds of law in the exercise and performance of their religious rituals. Article 3 states that "no law shall contravene the tenets and provisions of the holy religion of Islam" and Article 17 asserts that national educational curric curriculum be focused on "the tenets of the sacred religion of Islam." Most importantly, Article 130 Policy Recommendations: states that if there exist no constitutional provisions applicable to a court case, courts are Encourage Afghanistan to abolish all required to rule in line with Hanafi jurisprudence blasphemy and apostasy laws and other (Sunni Islam rule of law). Under Hanafi constitutional provisions that stipulate jurisprudence, blasphemy and apostasy are both harsh punishments including the death hudud crimes (offences against God). Crimes of penalty for apostasy charges. blasphemy are penalized via ta'zir (discretion of the judge); on the contrary, crimes of apostasy are Encourage Afghanistan to take steps to punished by the death penalty if the charged increase the security of religious minority individual does not immediately recant. Moreover, communities vulnerable to terrorist activity according to the US State Department, individuals or other violent attacks on account of their charged with apostasy may "possibly face death by faith and spiritual beliefs. -
Refugees Refugees Unreached & Unengaged People Groups Living in Hamburg, Germany Unreached & Unengaged People Groups Living in Hamburg, Germany
Refugees Refugees Unreached & Unengaged People Groups living in Hamburg, Germany Unreached & Unengaged People Groups living in Hamburg, Germany Refugees in Hamburg, Gemany Languages in Camp Refugees in Hamburg, Gemany Languages in Camp Unrest in the Middle East has Unrest in the Middle East has brought a flood of refugees to Farsi brought a flood of refugees to Farsi Europe. Europe. Hamburg Hamburg Germany has taken in Kurdish Germany has taken in Kurdish over1million refugees in Germany over1million refugees in Germany the past two years. German the past two years. German There are 200 camps in There are 200 camps in Hamburg where about 100,000 refugees reside. English Hamburg where about 100,000 refugees reside. English These refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, Eritrea, These refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, Eritrea, Albania and other locations have proven to be a Italian Albania and other locations have proven to be a Italian fertile harvest field. fertile harvest field. Population Religion Shared Experience Population Religion Shared Experience Refugee People Groups In the context of a Refugee People Groups In the context of a living in Hamburg include: Islam 99% refugee camp, refugees living in Hamburg include: Islam 99% refugee camp, refugees Iran – Persians, Azer- become a people group. Iran – Persians, Azer- become a people group. baijanis, Armenians, They end up having baijanis, Armenians, They end up having Other <1% Other <1% Turkmen, Afghans and an affinity due to their Turkmen, Afghans and an affinity due to their Sorani Kurds. shared experience. Sorani Kurds. shared experience. Afghanistan – Tajiks, Christian <1% As long as they have Afghanistan – Tajiks, Christian <1% As long as they have Pashtuns, Hazaras, some sort of ability to Pashtuns, Hazaras, some sort of ability to Uzbeks and Balochs. -
Nation Building Process in Afghanistan Ziaulhaq Rashidi1, Dr
Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Abbreviated Key Title: Saudi J Humanities Soc Sci ISSN 2415-6256 (Print) | ISSN 2415-6248 (Online) Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Journal homepage: http://scholarsmepub.com/sjhss/ Original Research Article Nation Building Process in Afghanistan Ziaulhaq Rashidi1, Dr. Gülay Uğur Göksel2 1M.A Student of Political Science and International Relations Program 2Assistant Professor, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey *Corresponding author: Ziaulhaq Rashidi | Received: 04.04.2019 | Accepted: 13.04.2019 | Published: 30.04.2019 DOI:10.21276/sjhss.2019.4.4.9 Abstract In recent times, a number of countries faced major cracks and divisions (religious, ethnical and geographical) with less than a decade war/instability but with regards to over four decades of wars and instabilities, the united and indivisible Afghanistan face researchers and social scientists with valid questions that what is the reason behind this unity and where to seek the roots of Afghan national unity, despite some minor problems and ethnic cracks cannot be ignored?. Most of the available studies on nation building process or Afghan nationalism have covered the nation building efforts from early 20th century and very limited works are available (mostly local narratives) had touched upon the nation building efforts prior to the 20th. This study goes beyond and examine major struggles aimed nation building along with the modernization of state in Afghanistan starting from late 19th century. Reforms predominantly the language (Afghani/Pashtu) and role of shared medium of communication will be deliberated. In addition, we will talk how the formation of strong centralized government empowered the state to initiate social harmony though the demographic and geographic oriented (north-south) resettlement programs in 1880s and how does it contributed to the nation building process. -
Assessing the Circumstances and Needs of Refugee Communities
HELPING STRANGERS BECOME NEIGHBOURS Assessing The Circumstances And Needs Of Refugee Communities In Derby Upbeat Communities Overdale House 96 Whitaker Road Derby, DE23 6AP [email protected] 01332 916150 www.upbeatcommunities.org CONTENTS Welcome 4 Executive Summary 5 Assessing The Circumstances And Needs Of 6 Refugee Communities In Derby Research Methodology 8 Community Snapshots 10 Eritrean Community 11 Iranian Community 11 Pakistani Community 13 Iraq – Kurdish Community 14 Albanian Community 15 Syrian Community 15 Sri Lanka – Tamil Community 16 Afghanistan – Hazara Community 16 Chinese Community 17 Themes Arising From The Cross-Section 19 Of Communities Stages Of Development Of Refugee Communities 20 Choosing To Stay In Derby Or Not? 21 English Language Provision 22 Refugee Mental Health 24 The Path To Work 25 Concern For The Next Generation 27 Patterns Of Community Engagement 28 Community Organisation And Voice 29 Conclusions And Recommendations 30 Conclusion / Recommendation 31 Appendix 1 33 Communities With Established Organisations 34 Appendix 2 35 New Communities Research 36 Questionnaire 1 – Individuals Appendix 3 39 New Communities Research 40 Questionnaire 2 – Focus Groups Acknowledgements 43 Abbreviations 43 As well as a providing a unique window into each of these communities – their WELCOME hopes, aspirations and concerns – common themes are drawn together which point to Upbeat Communities’ mission specific interventions which would greatly is ‘to help strangers become aid integration. The outcome of this will be neighbours’. We recognise that that refugees choose to stay in the city, becoming, as stated in our conclusion; engaging communities is key to that mission - both the refugee “powerful assets to the City of Derby, communities arriving in the city providing productive labour, generating and the settled community that new jobs and contributing across all areas of society”. -
Agreement on Provisional Arrangements in Afghanistan Pending the Re-Establishment of Permanent Government Institutions
AGREEMENT ON PROVISIONAL ARRANGEMENTS IN AFGHANISTAN PENDING THE RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF PERMANENT GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS The participants in the UN Talks on Afghanistan, In the presence of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Afghanistan, Determined to end the tragic conflict in Afghanistan and promote national reconciliation, lasting peace, stability and respect for human rights in the country, Reaffirming the independence, national sovereignty and territorial integrity of Afghanistan, Acknowledging the right of the people of Afghanistan to freely determine their own political future in accordance with the principles of Islam, democracy, pluralism and social justice, Expressing their appreciation to the Afghan mujahidin who, over the years, have defended the independence, territorial integrity and national unity of the country and have played a major role in the struggle against terrorism and oppression, and whose sacrifice has now made them both heroes of jihad and champions of peace, stability and reconstruction of their beloved homeland, Afghanistan, Aware that the unstable situation in Afghanistan requires the implementation of emergency interim arrangements and expressing their deep appreciation to His Excellency Professor Burhanuddin Rabbani for his readiness to transfer power to an interim authority which is to be established pursuant to this agreement, Recognizing the need to ensure broad representation in these interim arrangements of all segments of the Afghan population, including groups that have not been -
LAND RELATIONS in BAMYAN PROVINCE Findings from a 15 Village Case Study
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Papers in Economics Case Studies Series LAND RELATIONS IN BAMYAN PROVINCE Findings from a 15 village case study Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit By Liz Alden Wily February 2004 Funding for this study was provided by the European Commission, the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and the governments of Sweden and Switzerland. © 2004 The Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU). All rights reserved. This case study report was prepared by an independent consultant. The views and opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of AREU. About the Author Liz Alden Wily is an independent political economist specialising in rural property issues and in the promotion of common property rights and devolved systems for land administration in particular. She gained her PhD in the political economy of land tenure in 1988 from the University of East Anglia, United Kingdom. Since the 1970s, she has worked for ten third world governments, variously providing research, project design, implementation and policy guidance. Dr. Alden Wily has been closely involved in recent years in the strategic and legal reform of land and forest administration in a number of African states. In 2002 the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit invited Dr. Alden Wily to examine land ownership problems in Afghanistan, and she continues to return to follow up on particular concerns. About the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU) The Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU) is an independent research organisation that conducts and facilitates action-oriented research and learning that informs and influences policy and practice. -
LAND RELATIONS in BAMYAN PROVINCE Findings from a 15 Village Case Study
Case Studies Series LAND RELATIONS IN BAMYAN PROVINCE Findings from a 15 village case study Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit By Liz Alden Wily February 2004 Funding for this study was provided by the European Commission, the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and the governments of Sweden and Switzerland. © 2004 The Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU). All rights reserved. This case study report was prepared by an independent consultant. The views and opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of AREU. About the Author Liz Alden Wily is an independent political economist specialising in rural property issues and in the promotion of common property rights and devolved systems for land administration in particular. She gained her PhD in the political economy of land tenure in 1988 from the University of East Anglia, United Kingdom. Since the 1970s, she has worked for ten third world governments, variously providing research, project design, implementation and policy guidance. Dr. Alden Wily has been closely involved in recent years in the strategic and legal reform of land and forest administration in a number of African states. In 2002 the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit invited Dr. Alden Wily to examine land ownership problems in Afghanistan, and she continues to return to follow up on particular concerns. About the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU) The Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU) is an independent research organisation that conducts and facilitates action-oriented research and learning that informs and influences policy and practice. AREU also actively promotes a culture of research and learning by strengthening analytical capacity in Afghanistan and by creating opportunities for analysis, thought and debate. -
Ethnicity, Space, and Politics in Afghanistan
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Urban Studies Senior Seminar Papers Urban Studies Program 11-2009 Ethnicity, Space, and Politics in Afghanistan Benjamin Dubow University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/senior_seminar Dubow, Benjamin, "Ethnicity, Space, and Politics in Afghanistan" (2009). Urban Studies Senior Seminar Papers. 13. https://repository.upenn.edu/senior_seminar/13 Suggested Citation: Benjamin Dubow. "Ethnicity, Space, and Politics in Afghanistan." University of Pennsylvania, Urban Studies Program. 2009. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/senior_seminar/13 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ethnicity, Space, and Politics in Afghanistan Abstract The 2004 election was a disaster. For all the unity that could have come from 2001, the election results shattered any hope that the country had overcome its fractures. The winner needed to find a way to unite a country that could not be more divided. In Afghanistan’s Panjshir Province, runner-up Yunis Qanooni received 95.0% of the vote. In Paktia Province, incumbent Hamid Karzai received 95.9%. Those were only two of the seven provinces where more than 90% or more of the vote went to a single candidate. Two minor candidates who received less than a tenth of the total won 83% and 78% of the vote in their home provinces. For comparison, the most lopsided state in the 2004 United States was Wyoming, with 69% of the vote going to Bush. This means Wyoming voters were 1.8 times as likely to vote for Bush as were Massachusetts voters. Paktia voters were 120 times as likely to vote for Karzai as were Panjshir voters.