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Soraya Lucía Sinche Maita Soraya Lucía Sinche Maita NEW MODELS OF RELIABILITY IN THE NEW GENERATION OF INTERNET OF THINGS Tese no âmbito do Programa de Doutoramento em Ciências e Tecnologias da InFormação, orientada pelo Professor Doutor Jorge Miguel Sá Silva e apresentada ao Departamento de Engenharia InFormática da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias da Universidade de Coimbra. Dezembro de 2019 Faculty of Sciences and Technology Department of Informatics Engineering NEW MODELS OF RELIABILITY IN THE NEW GENERATION OF INTERNET OF THINGS Soraya Lucía Sinche Maita Tese no âmbito do Programa de Doutoramento em Ciências e Tecnologias da Informação, orientada pelo Professor Doutor Jorge Miguel Sá Silva e apresentada ao Departamento de Engenharia Informática da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra. Dezembro de 2019 Under supervision of Professor PhD. Jorge Miguel Sá Silva Associate Professor with Aggregation at Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of Coimbra Acknowledgements he present thesis would not have been possible without the support of various institutions and T the help of many people. Firstly, I would express a big thank you to my supervisor Professor PhD. Jorge Sá Silva for his unconditional support and guidance in my Ph.D. study and related research, for his motivation, patience and invaluable advice and feedback on my research. I would like to express gratitude to Professor PhD. Fernando Boavida, PhD. André Rodrigues and PhD. Vasco Pereira, for their suggestions and observations during this research period. Also, I would like to express gratitude to M.Sc. Pablo Hidalgo for his contribution to all the tests and dataset collecting processes realized at Escuela Politécnica Nacional. I would like to thank my colleagues of LCT group at CISUC, especially David, Duarte, Marcelo and Ngombo for their contributions, recommendations and support during our research activities. I gratefully acknowledge the funding sources that made my PhD. work possible. This work was carried out in the scope of the SOCIALITE Project (PTDC/EEI-SCR/2072/2014) and the MOBIWISE Project (P2020 SAICTPAC/0011/2015), both co-financed by COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 - Operational Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), European Union’s ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). My work was also supported by the Department of Electronic, Telecommunications and Information Networks of Escuela Politécnica Nacional of Ecuador, and SENESCYT - Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación of Ecuador. Last, but not least, I would like to thank God and my family, my parents Dennis and Fanny, and my brothers Fabricio, Danilo and Rolando, for always believing in me. And especially my kids Paula and Andrés, and my husband Oswaldo for supporting and helping me, they have given me enough encouragement and motivation to achieve the proposed objectives. Thank you. ¾ i ¾ ¾ ii ¾ Abstract ver the last few years, the advances in smart personal things and their use by people have Oled us to believe that the human being will be a fundamental element of the new generation of the Internet. Therefore, the technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT) must be supported by Human-in-the-Loop Systems. In fact, Human-in-the-Loop Cyber-Physical Systems (HiLCPS) consider the human being as an integral part of the system. People use IoT systems in conjunction with mobile devices, where a mobile phone is not only a personal device that provides communication services, but also a versatile and resourceful element in the world of IoT. Nevertheless, the referred growth noted, one key aspect of real-world IoT deployments is still largely overlooked: RELIABILITY. In this respect, there is a clear gap between theoretical models and real implementations, as no practical reliability mechanisms are in place for IoT. Proposing, studying and providing IoT reliability solutions is, thus, fundamental to the massive deployment of IoT technology across all sectors of society. With the increase of devices connected to the Internet, the complexity of IoT systems increases and a large variety of tools and technologies for IoT management are making their way into both research setups and the market. IoT management solutions must consider the resource restrictions of embedded devices, along with their heterogeneity and network dynamics. Additionally, management systems could be used to improve the reliability of IoT systems, mainly if the human factor is present. The scope of this thesis is to propose, explore, and assess new reliability mechanisms for IoT scenarios that can integrate HiLCPS, take advantage of mobile devices, as key elements of IoT systems. In this context, we propose a novel reference model for the Next Generation of Internet of Things (NG-IoT) that includes a reliability plane and it is complemented by management mechanisms. This thesis also proposes a new taxonomy of IoT devices with an approach to management solutions that facilitates the reliability analysis of the NG-IoT systems. Furthermore, this work describes specific examples of the practical evaluation of reliability according to our proposed model. Keywords: Internet of Things; Device Management Protocols; Management Network Protocols; Network Reliability; Reliability Plane. ¾ iii ¾ ¾ iv ¾ Resumo om o aparecimento de muitos e diversos dispositivos pessoais e inteligentes, tem-se C constatado que o Ser Humano tem sido sempre um elemento fundamental na nova geração da Internet. Como tal, as futuras tecnologias baseadas na Internet das Coisas (Internet of Things - IoT) deverão ser suportadas pelo paradigma de Human-in-the-Loop. De facto, os sistemas Human- in-the-Loop Cyber-Physical Systems (HiLCPSs) consideram já o próprio Ser Humano parte integrante do sistema. As pessoas utilizam os sistemas IoT combinados com dispositivos móveis, onde o telemóvel aparece não apenas como um elemento tradicional de comunicações, mas como um dispositivo versátil e suportando várias funcionalidades no universo IoT. No entanto, apesar deste crescimento exponencial da Internet e dos dispositivos que se ligam a ela, continua a existir uma importante limitação: a fiabilidade. De facto, existe ainda um fosso significativo entre o trabalho académico e a utilização do IoT em ambientes críticos e industriais. Assim, o estudo de soluções inovadoras de fiabilidade apresenta-se fundamental para o desenvolvimento massivo de tecnologias IoT em todos os sectores da sociedade. Por outro lado, com o crescimento do número de dispositivos que se ligam à Internet e da sua inerente complexidade torna-se cada vez mais urgente o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de gestão. Mas estas novas ferramentas de gestão IoT devem levar em consideração tanto as restrições de recursos dos sistemas IoT, como a sua heterogeneidade e mobilidade. Estes requisitos são ainda mais evidenciados se o factor humano estiver integrado na própria Internet. O objetivo desta tese é, assim, propor, analisar e avaliar novos mecanismos de fiabilidade em futuros cenários IoT que suportem o paradigma HiLCPS, e que tiram partido dos dispositivos móveis. Neste contexto, é proposto um novo modelo de referência para a Nova Geração da Internet das Coisas (Next Generation of the Internet of Things - NG-IoT) que inclui um novo Plano de Fiabilidade e que é complementado com mecanismos de gestão. Esta tese propõe ainda uma nova taxonomia para dispositivos IoT e um modelo baseado em protocolos de gestão que suporta a análise de fiabilidade na NG-IoT. Simultaneamente, o trabalho apresentado descreve vários estudos práticos baseados em plataformas reais onde o modelo de fiabilidade foi avaliado. Palavras-chave: Internet das Coisas; Protocolos de Gestão de Redes; Protocolos de Gestão de Dispositivos; Fiabilidade das Redes de Comunicações; Plano de Fiabilidade. ¾ v ¾ ¾ vi ¾ Foreword he work realized in this thesis was accomplished in the group of Communication and T Telematics (CT) of the Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC) within the context of the following project: Project SOCIALITE: Social-Oriented IoT Architecture, Solutions and Environment project (PTDC/EEI- SCR/2072/2014), co-financed by COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 – Operational Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), European Union’s ERDF (European Regional Development Fund), and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). This project is focused on People where its goal is oriented to develop a generic Cyber-Physical System / Internet of Things architecture to support both People2People interaction and People2Thing interaction. This work was funded by the following grants: Grant of SENESCYT – Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación of Ecuador, “Programa de Becas para Doctordo (PhD) para Docentes de Universidades y Escuelas Politécnica 2015”, from February 2016 to September 2019. The outcome of the research on the course of this work resulted in the following publications: Journal papers: • Raposo, D., Rodrigues, A., Sinche S., Sá Silva, J. and Boavida F., Industrial IoT Monitoring: Technologies and Architecture Proposal, Sensors, vol. 18, pp. 1-32, Q2, 2018. • Sinche S., Raposo D., Armando N., Sá Silva J., Rodrigues A., Boavida F. and Pereira V., A Survey of IoT Management Protocols and Frameworks, IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials Journal, pp. 1-23, Q1,
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