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Interoperability for the Semantic Web: a Loosely Coupled Mediation Approach Antoine Zimmermann

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Interoperability for the Semantic Web: a Loosely Coupled Mediation Approach Antoine Zimmermann Interoperability for the Semantic Web: A Loosely Coupled Mediation Approach Antoine Zimmermann To cite this version: Antoine Zimmermann. Interoperability for the Semantic Web: A Loosely Coupled Mediation Ap- proach. Modeling and Simulation. Université Jean Monnet, 2021. tel-03163932 HAL Id: tel-03163932 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03163932 Submitted on 9 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. These` d'habilitation Universite´ Jean Monnet Ecole´ doctorale 488 Sciences, Ing´enierieet Sant´e(SIS) Interop´erabilit´epour le Web s´emantique : une approche par m´ediationfaiblement coupl´ee Soutenue publiquement par : Antoine Zimmermann MINES Saint-Etienne´ Membres du jury : Olivier Boissier Professeur, MINES Saint-Etienne´ Tuteur de recherche Pierre-Antoine Champin Ma^ıtrede conf´erenceHDR, Universit´eClaude-Bernard Examinateur J´er^ome Euzenat Directeur de recherche, Inria Examinateur Fabien Gandon Directeur de recherche, Inria Rapporteur Andreas Harth Professeur, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit¨atErlangen-N¨urnberg Rapporteur Axel Polleres Professeur, Wirtschaftsuniversit¨atWien Examinateur Marie-Christine Rousset Professeur, Universit´eGrenoble Alpes Examinatrice Hala Skaf-Molli Matre de conf´erenceHDR, Universit´ede Nantes Rapportrice le 23 f´evrier2021 Habilitation Thesis Universite´ Jean Monnet Ecole´ doctorale 488 Sciences, Ing´enierieet Sant´e(SIS) Interoperability for the Semantic Web: A Loosely Coupled Mediation Approach Presented and defended by: Antoine Zimmermann MINES Saint-Etienne´ Jury members: Olivier Boissier Professor, MINES Saint-Etienne´ Research tutor Pierre-Antoine Champin Associate professor, Universit´eClaude-Bernard Examiner J´er^ome Euzenat Research director, Inria Examiner Fabien Gandon Research director, Inria Reviewer Andreas Harth Professor, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit¨atErlangen-N¨urnberg Reviewer Axel Polleres Professor, Wirtschaftsuniversit¨atWien Examiner Marie-Christine Rousset Professor, Universit´eGrenoble Alpes Examiner Hala Skaf-Molli Associate professor, Universit´ede Nantes Reviewer on the 23rd of February 2021 Interoperability for the Semantic Web: A Loosely Coupled Mediation Approach Antoine Zimmermann March 2, 2021 Interoperability on the Semantic Web: A Loosely Coupled Mediation Approach 2 Abstract Dans cette th`ese,je d´efendsdeux opinions : une opinion g´en´erale,`asavoir que je m´eritemaintenant le dipl^omed'habilitation, qui est le but principal de la r´edaction de ce document ; et, dans le cadre de cette argumentation, une opinion sp´ecifique, qui est la th`esescientifique que la plupart de mes travaux ont soutenue, et qui donne un sens au titre de la th`ese.La th`esepr´econiseune approche particuli`erepour per- mettre l'interop´erabilit´esur le Web (s´emantique). Plus pr´ecis´ement, pour r´ealiser la vision du web s´emantique, il faut rendre l'information sur le web plus facilement utilisable, compr´ehensibleet traitable par les agents, qu'il s'agisse de personnes, d'applications logicielles ou de dispositifs mat´eriels.Une caract´eristiquecl´edu Web est son ouverture qui permet `achacun de publier des donn´ees,des informations et des connaissances sur n'importe quoi. Bien qu'il s'agisse l`ad'une force consid´erable du Web, elle entra^ıneune grande h´et´erog´en´eit´e.Par cons´equent, l'exploitation des ressources du Web n´ecessitesouvent des processus ad hoc qui sont adapt´es`ala source d'information. Il est donc difficile d'exploiter le Web dans son ensemble, plut^ot qu'une seule source `ala fois. Mon travail de recherche a consist´e`aatt´enuer cette dif- ficult´een d´efinissant des moyens de combiner des sources d'information h´et´erog`enes. Je l'ai surtout fait avec une approche de m´ediation: si l'on veut tirer profit d'une diversit´ede sources d'information qui ne peut pas ^etretrait´eefacilement de mani`ere uniforme, on peut utiliser une ressource ou un m´ecanismes´epar´equi fournit une interface unique, tout en offrant des connexions, des liens, des correspondances, des m´etadonn´ees, etc. explicites entre les sources d'information ou au sommet de celles-ci. Il en r´esulteune plus grande interop´erabilit´edes syst`emes.J'illustre cette id´ee`adiff´erents niveaux d'abstraction et pour diff´erents types d'interop´erabilit´e,en d´ecrivant et en me r´ef´erant `ames travaux ant´erieurs: au niveau des donn´eespour l'interop´erabilit´esyntaxique ; au niveau des connaissances pour l'interop´erabilit´e s´emantique ; et au niveau de la d´ecision,vers l'interop´erabilit´edes processus. En plus de cet aper¸cude mes contributions scientifiques, je termine cette th`esepar un r´esum´ede mes activit´esde travail jusqu’`apr´esent, d´emontrant que j'ai men´edes recherches et des ´etudesind´ependantes, ainsi que supervis´edes ´etudiants. 3 Interoperability on the Semantic Web: A Loosely Coupled Mediation Approach 4 R´esum´e Ma th`esed'habilitation pr´econiseune approche particuli`erepermettant l'interop´erabilit´e sur le Web (s´emantique). Plus pr´ecis´ement, pour r´ealiserla vision du web s´emantique, il faut rendre l'information sur le web plus facilement utilisable, compr´ehensibleet traitable par les agents, qu'il s'agisse de personnes, d'applications logicielles ou de dispositifs mat´eriels.Une caract´eristiquecl´edu Web est son ouverture qui permet `a chacun de publier des donn´ees,des informations et des connaissances sur n'importe quel sujet. Bien qu'il s'agisse l`ad'une force consid´erabledu Web, elle entra^ıne une grande h´et´erog´en´eit´e. Par cons´equent, l'exploitation des ressources du Web n´ecessitesouvent des processus ad hoc qui sont adapt´es`ala source d'information. Il est donc difficile d'exploiter le Web dans son ensemble, plut^otqu'une seule source `a la fois. Mon travail de recherche a consist´e`aatt´enuer cette difficult´een d´efinissant des moyens de combiner des sources d'information h´et´erog`enes.Je l'ai surtout fait avec une approche de m´ediation: si l'on veut tirer profit d'une diversit´ede sources d'information qui ne peut ^etretrait´eefacilement de mani`ereuniforme, on peut utiliser une ressource ou un m´ecanismes´epar´equi fournit une interface unique, tout en offrant des connexions, des liens, des correspondances, des m´etadonn´ees explicites entre les sources d'information ou en compl´ement de celles-ci. Il en r´esulteune plus grande interop´erabilit´edes syst`emes.J'illustre cette id´ee`adiff´erents niveaux d'abstraction et pour diff´erents types d'interop´erabilit´e,en d´ecrivant et en me r´ef´erant `ames travaux ant´erieurs: au niveau des donn´eespour l'interop´erabilit´e syntaxique ; au niveau des connaissances pour l'interop´erabilit´es´emantique ; et au niveau de la d´ecision, vers l'interop´erabilit´edes processus. En plus de cet aper¸cude mes contributions scientifiques, je fournis un r´esum´ede mes activit´es de travail jusqu’`aaujourd'hui, d´emontrant que j'ai men´eet encadr´edes recherches ind´ependantes dignes de ce dipl^ome. 5 Interoperability on the Semantic Web: A Loosely Coupled Mediation Approach 6 Acknowledgement The work presented in this thesis is the result of many collaborations with people that deserve being acknowledged. For the most part, they are mentioned in Ap- pendix E as co-authors of the paper we published together. However, I would like to specifically thank some people that deserve more credit than a mere mention in an author list. First, I would like to thank the esteemed scientists that evaluated my work in order to deliver the diploma of the habilitation `adiriger des recherches: in alphabet- ical order, Fabien Gandon, Andreas Harth, and Hala Skaf-Molli, the rapporteurs; Pierre-Antoine Champin, J´er^omeEuzenat, Axel Polleres, and Marie-Christine Rous- set, the examiners; and Olivier Boissier, my tutor for this habilitation. They not only accepted the task, but also made the defence an enjoyable moment of deep, and challenging, scientific discussions. Among them, special thanks go to: • Marie-Chritine Rousset for accepting the responsibility to be the president of the jury... again! She had been the president of the jury during the defence of my PhD thesis, more than twelve years ago; • J´er^omeEuzenat for taking me on the doctoral journey in the framework of the Knowledge Web project, which gave me access to an excellent network of international collaborators, more than fifteen years ago. He managed to give me just enough guidance to lead me to the successful defence and yet leave me with almost unlimited freedom to investigate the topic in the way I wanted; • Axel Polleres, for hiring me as a postdoc in the legendary DERI, Galway, where I spent twenty wonderful months. Axel became more than a boss but also a friend. He gave me responsibilities, and I felt trusted. • Last but not least among the members of the jury, Olivier has been an ex- ceptional colleague all along since 2011 when I joined his team, an excellent advisor for the completion of this thesis and the preparation of my defence, and, too, a dear and trusting, as well as trustworthy, friend. There seems to be no limit to how much and how often he is willing to help his colleagues and students, even in time of extreme business! I am grateful to the PhD students I supervised, but especially to: • Andrei Ciortea, who opened up a whole avenue of research for me and others { Andrei, you are my best student so far ;-) • Noorani Bakerally, who never ceased to surprise me in unexpected way, and who hold the record for shortest time to complete a PhD among my students; 7 Interoperability on the Semantic Web: A Loosely Coupled Mediation Approach • Jos´eMiguel Gim´enez-Garc´ıa,whom I wish will overcome the difficulties and eventually defend his thesis.
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