Bellfield Farm, North Kessock
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
BLNK08/009 BELLFIELD FARM, NORTH KESSOCK Area 2 and 3 Archaeological Excavation for Tulloch Homes Ltd RC-07-876 May 2012 BELLFIELD FARM, NORTH KESSOCK Area 2 and 3 Archaeological Excavation for Tulloch Homes Ltd RC-07-876 May 2012 HA Job no.: BLNK08/009 NGR: NH 6440 4853 Parish: Knockbain Council: Highland OASIS ref.: headland1-114107 Archive will be deposited with: RCAHMS Project Manager Edward Bailey Author Ross Murray Fieldwork Magnar Dalland, Stephen Digney, Tom Elliot, Calum Henderson, Jamie Humble, Tim Lewis, Guillem Marti, James McMeekin, Robert McMorran, David McNicol, Sandra Mulligan, Jason Murphy, Ross Murray, Abby Mynett, Emma Searle, Tom Small, Ania Sztromwasser, David Swan, Jürgen van Wessel & Don Wilson Graphics Caroline Norrman & Anna Sztromwasser Specialists Sarah-Jane Haston, Environmental Julie Franklin & Julie Lochrie, Finds Approved by Andrea Smith, Project Manager Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd © Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd 2011 13 Jane Street, Edinburgh EH6 5HE T 0131 467 7705 F 0131 467 7706 E [email protected] www.headlandarchaeology.com Bellfield Farm, North Kessock BLNK08/009 Headland Archaeology Ltd CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 1 3. METHODOLOGY 2 3.1 Environmental samples 2 4. THE EXCAVATED STRUCTURES AND FEATURES 2 4.1 Area 2A (Illus 2) 2 Structure 1 5 Structure 2 5 Structure 3 and Pit [1000] 5 Structure 4 5 Pit Group 1 6 Pit Group 2 6 Pit Group 3 6 Pit 1269 (Illus 3b) 9 Pit 1238 (Illus 3c) 9 4.2 Area 2B (Illus 4) 9 Pit Group 4 (Illus 5) 9 Pit 1425 (Illus 4) 9 Structure 5 (Illus 6 and 7) 11 Pit Group 5 (Illus 4) 12 Pit 1524 (Illus 4) 13 Structure 7 (Illus 8) 13 Structure 8 (Illus 8) 13 Pit Group 6 (Illus 4) 13 Structure 6 (Illus 10) 15 Possible enclosure and Pit Group 7 (Illus 4) 17 Structure 11 (Illus 4) 18 Structures 9 and 10 (Illus 4) 21 Pit Group 8 (Illus 4) 22 Structure 12 (Illus 4) 23 4.3 Area 3 (Illus 14) 23 Palisaded enclosure 23 Pit [2464] (Illus 14c and 15) 23 Pit [2481] (Illus 14b and 16) 23 5. SUmmaRY OF ARTEFACT ASSEMBLAGE 24 5.1 Prehistoric pottery 24 td 2011 td L 5.2 Ceramic moulds 24 5.3 Metalworking waste 24 5.4 Coarse stone finds 24 rchaeology (UK)rchaeology A 5.5 Chipped stone finds 24 eadland H © 5.6 Metalwork 24 5.7 Glass finds 25 5.8 Medieval to post-medieval pottery 25 6. SUmmaRY OF ENVIRONMENTAL REmaiNS 25 7. DiSCUSSION 26 7.1 Prehistoric activity 26 7.2 Medieval activity 27 7.3 Indeterminate activity 27 8. REFERENCES 27 9. ADDENDUM – ADDITIONAL MONITORING 28 9.1 Introduction 28 9.2 Results (Illus 17) 28 Pit Group 9 28 Scattered pits and post-holes 28 Finds 28 9.3 Discussion 28 APPENDICES 30 Appendix 1 – Site registers 30 Context register 30 Photographic register 89 Sample register 102 Drawing register 111 Appendix 2 – Finds assessment 118 Introduction 118 Assemblage summary and quantification 118 Potential of the finds assemblage 119 Recommendations for further work 120 References 121 Finds catalogue 123 Appendix 3 – Palaeoenvironmental sample assessment 136 Introduction 136 Method 136 Results 136 Discussion 137 Recommendations 138 References 139 Table 1 – Retent Sample Results 140 Table 2 – Flotation sample results 145 ADDENDUM AppENDICES 151 Appendix 1 – Site registers 151 Context register 151 Photographic register 155 Sample register 156 Bellfield Farm, North Kessock BLNK08/009 Headland Archaeology Ltd LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Illus 1 x Site location Illus 2 3 Plan of Area 2A Illus 3a 6 NW facing section of metal-working feature [1000] Illus 3b 6 NE facing section through pit [1269] Illus 3c 6 NE facing section through pit [1238] Illus 4 7 Plan of Area 2B Illus 5 9 Plan of Pit Group 4 Illus 6 10 View of partially excavated Structure 5, looking NE Illus 7 10 Plan of Structure 5 Illus 8 12 Detail of area around structure 7 & 8 Illus 9a 14 N facing section of pit [2108] Illus 9b 14 SE facing section of pit [2036] Illus 10 15 Plan of Structure 6 Illus 11 16 View of possible hearth [2003] and stone lined post-hole [2026] Illus 12a 17 NE facing section through rectilinear feature [2016] Illus 12b 17 E facing section through rectilinear feature [2016] Illus 12c 17 S facing section through feature [2017] Illus 12d 17 W facing section through feature [2017] Illus 13a 18 SE facing section if grain-drying kiln [2397] Illus 13b 18 SW facing section if grain-drying kiln [2397] Illus 14 19 Plan of Area 3 and sections through [2454], [2479] & [2482] Illus 15 21 View of half sectioned pit [2481], looking east Illus 16 22 View of half sectioned pit [2464], looking west td 2011 td L Illus 17 29 Plan of Area 2b showing results of additional monitoring to the east rchaeology (UK)rchaeology A eadland H © Bellfield Farm, North Kessock BLNK08/009 Headland Archaeology Ltd ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to Andy Puls and Cara Jones of Highland Council Archaeology Unit, who monitored the work on behalf of the council, and Tulloch Homes for on-site support. td 2011 td L rchaeology (UK)rchaeology A eadland H © North Kessock Site Reproduced using 2008 OS 1:50,000 Landranger No. 26. Ordnance Survey © Crown copyright 2010 All rights reserved. Licence No. AL 100013329 N 264050 264050 264250 264450 Drains x STA114STA114 dr579 dr580 dr582 dr571 dr570 Area 2b dr590 dr581 dr628 dr627 dr597 dr589 dr588 dr598 STA118 dr648 dr586 dr705 dr608 dr761 dr609 dr694 dr707dr709dr710 dr634 dr647 dr706 dr689 dr656 dr703 dr794 dr708 dr759 dr722 dr854 dr701 dr742 dr702 dr692 dr753 dr671 dr793 dr693 dr700 dr795 dr807 dr730 dr720 dr734 dr760 dr844 dr772 dr737 dr751 dr654 dr792 dr739 dr750 dr736 dr655 dr619dr621 dr717 dr782 dr791 dr812 dr745 dr782 dr743 dr813 dr744 dr618 dr773 dr636 dr645 dr682 dr775 dr644 dr719 dr770 dr680 dr763 dr781 dr855 dr783 dr777 dr774 dr646 dr748 dr631 dr740 dr738 dr747 STA113STA113 dr574 dr735 dr715 dr779 dr716 dr643 dr617 dr724 dr632 dr784 dr637 dr625 dr622 dr624 dr642 dr725 dr798 STA100 dr575 dr641 dr620 dr633 dr623 dr678 dr670 dr822 dr695 dr726 dr797 dr824 dr828 dr677 dr785 dr768 dr572 dr615 dr613 dr727 dr769 dr821 dr607 dr662 dr823 dr602 dr611dr612 dr661 dr764 dr826 STA101 dr604 dr729 dr765 dr76y dr825 dr576 dr780 dr600 dr606 stn01 dr712 dr881 dr596 dr605 dr650 dr728 dr626 dr657dr669 dr802 dr658 dr766 dr804 dr788 dr805 dr594 d5659 dr790 dr801 dr827 dr610 dr789 dr79 dr593 dr803 dr660 dr754 dr787 dr656 dr757 dr591 dr585 dr850 dr668 dr756dr755 dr865 dr673 dr839 dr835 dr866 dr869 dr664 dr711 dr683 dr858 dr681 dr584 dr688dr714 dr810 dr809 dr667 stn09 dr686 dr713 dr736 dr670 dr832 dr684 stn08 dr685 dr733 dr698 dr834 dr820 dr665 dr868 dr699 dr663 dr892 dr675 dr690 dr859 dr885 dr882 dr674 dr883 dr838 dr884 dr860 dr676 dr888 dr852 dr842 dr853 dr863 dr864 dr886 dr871 dr830 dr862 dr872 dr878 dr874 dr879 dr877 dr849 dr876 dr893 dr873 dr851 dr856 df898 dr867 stn06 dr814 dr806 848660 STA115STA115 B 9161 dr833 dr815 dr817 STA106 stn11 dr857 dr841 STA110 dr514 STA108 Area 2a STA104 dr522 stn02 dr519 dr521 dr512 dr523 dr517 dr534 dr516 dr533 dr538 dr532 dr524 dr528 dr540 dr535 dr526 ph1197 st18 stn01 dr562 dr537 dr541 dr536 dr539 dr530 dr544 dr566 dr531 dr565 dr563 dr552 stn00 dr567 dr542 STA107 STA105 STA109 Area 1 drw13 stn17stn16 Area 3 STA103 dr912 dr914 dr905 dr913 stn04stn05 STA116 dr918 dr906 dr896 dr909 dr897 dr910 dr911 drw 10 drw 9 dr903 drw 8 drw 7-8 ,6 drw 4,5 stn07 df902 dr894 dr899 dr895 dr901 drw 15-16 STA117 848460 0 100m Reproduced using digital 1:3000 data. 1:3000@A4 Ordnance Survey © Crown copyright 2010.SM All rights reserved. Illus 1 Site location Bellfield Farm, North Kessock BLNK08/009 Headland Archaeology Ltd BELLFIELD FARM, NORTH KESSOCK Area 2 and 3 Archaeological Excavation An archaeological excavation took place at Bellfield, North Kessock in advance of a housing development by Tulloch Homes Ltd. This was the second phase of excavation and encompassed three areas (2A, 2B and 3) deemed to be of high archaeological potential based on the results of an evaluation carried out in 2008. An earlier phase of excavation (Area 1) uncovered a group of Neolithic features while a circular cropmark was found to overlie a substantial roundhouse and associated features of Iron Age date (Jones 2009). The archaeological remains uncovered during the second phase of excavation at Bellfield Farm represent occupation in this area, beginning in the Neolithic, over a period of several thousand years. The prehistoric remains were by far the more extensive and include evidence of settlement, agricultural and industrial activity. The medieval activity was limited to two features, one in Area 2A and one in 2B, identified as grain-drying kilns. 1 1. INTRODUCTION 2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACkgROUND This report presents the results of an archaeological There are a number of entries in local and national sites excavation undertaken at Bellfield Farm, North Kessock and monuments records (Highland SMR and NMRS) in advance of development. The work was undertaken to that attest to prehistoric and later occupation around the meet a planning condition placed by Highland Council site. These include the stray find of a Neolithic ground on an application for a housing development on the land stone axe (MHG8249, NH64NW 31) from Charlestown. by Tulloch Homes Ltd. The works were carried out A number of hillforts are located in the area and the in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation vitrified fort at Ord Hill (MHG8258, SAM2499, prepared by Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd and agreed NH64NE 37), overlooks the site to the east. There are by Highland Council.