Modernizarea Sistemului Penitenciar Românesc 1832-1874
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On the Medieval Urban Economy in Wallachia
iANALELE ŞTIIN łIFICE ALE UNIVERSIT Ăł II „ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA” DIN IA ŞI Tomul LVI Ştiin Ńe Economice 2009 ON THE MEDIEVAL URBAN ECONOMY IN WALLACHIA Lauren Ńiu R ĂDVAN * Abstract The present study focuses on the background of the medieval urban economy in Wallachia. Townspeople earned most of their income through trade. Acting as middlemen in the trade between the Levant and Central Europe, the merchants in Br ăila, Târgovi şte, Câmpulung, Bucure şti or Târg şor became involved in trading goods that were local or had been brought from beyond the Carpathians or the Black Sea. Raw materials were the goods of choice, and Wallachia had vast amounts of them: salt, cereals, livestock or animal products, skins, wax, honey; mostly imported were expensive cloth or finer goods, much sought after by the local rulers and boyars. An analysis of the documents indicates that crafts were only secondary, witness the many raw goods imported: fine cloth (brought specifically from Flanders), weapons, tools. Products gained by practicing various crafts were sold, covering the food and clothing demand for townspeople and the rural population. As was the case with Moldavia, Wallachia stood out by its vintage wine, most of it coming from vineyards neighbouring towns. The study also deals with the ethnicity of the merchants present on the Wallachia market. Tradesmen from local towns were joined by numerous Transylvanians (Bra şov, Sibiu), but also Balkans (Ragussa) or Poles (Lviv). The Transylvanian ones enjoyed some privileges, such as tax exemptions or reduced customs duties. Key words: regional history; medieval trade; charters of privilege; merchants; craftsmen; Wallachia JEL classification: N93 1. -
Radu Rosetti
Radu Rosetti (1853–1926), istoric, genealogist, scriitor, s-a născut la Iaşi, având strămoşi, din partea tatălui – logofătul Răducanu Rosetti –, doi dom nitori, Antonie Ruset şi Manole-Giani Ruset, iar din partea mamei pe Grigore Alexandru Ghica, care îi era bunic, ultimul domn al Moldovei de dinainte de unirea din 1859. Ca şi tatăl său, a studiat în Apus, însă în Franţa şi Elveţia, obţinând, în 1873, un bacalaureat în ştiinţe. Întors în ţară, silit de datorii, a trebuit să vândă o parte din proprietăţi şi să încerce, fără prea multă izbândă, o carieră în politică şi în administraţie. S-a căsătorit în 1876 cu Smaranda (Emma) Bogdan, cu care a avut patru co - pii: Radu, Henri, Eugeniu și Magdalena (dintre ei, generalul acad. Radu R. Rosetti rămâne până astăzi cel mai important istoric militar român). A fost prefect de Roman şi de Brăila, deputat în mai multe rânduri şi direc - tor al închisorilor. În cele din urmă, mânat şi de pasiunea pentru cercetări istorice, a ales să devină şef de arhivă în Ministerul Afacerilor Străine. Apariţia sa în viaţa literară s-a produs oarecum târziu, în 1904–1905, cu un roman istoric în foileton, publicat în Epoca, pe care Academia Română l-a şi pre miat în 1906: Cu paloşul. Au urmat alte volume de inspiraţie isto - rică: Păca tele sulgeriului (1912), Poveşti moldoveneşti (1920), Alte poveşti moldo - ve neşti (1921). Studiile şi articolele istorice, multe dintre ele fiind publicate în Ana lele Academiei Române, arată interesul lui Radu Rosetti pentru genealogie, istorie socială şi politică (Despre unguri și episcopiile catolice din Moldova (1905), Pământul, sătenii și stăpânii în Moldova (1907), Cum se cău - tau moșiile în Moldova la începutul veacului XIX: Condica de răfuială a hat ma - nului Rădu canu Roset cu vechilii lui pe anii 1798–1812 (1909), Acțiunea politicii rusești în Țările Române: Povestită de organele oficiale franceze (1914) etc. -
The Problem of Secularization of Church Property During the Years 1822- 1859
Issue no. 16 JOURNAL OF ROMANIAN LITERARY STUDIES 2019 THE PROBLEM OF SECULARIZATION OF CHURCH PROPERTY DURING THE YEARS 1822- 1859 Emil-Marian Manea PhD Student, University of Bucharest Abstract:In the period prior to Decree no. 1251 of December 1863, the problem of secularization of church property in the two Romanian Principalities was debated in the early years of the earthly rulers, during the Russian occupation of 1828-1834, but especially under the Organic Regulations. The state pursued not only the secularization of dedicated and not dedicated monasteries, but also those of metropolitan church and eparchy. If the dedicated monasteries found a temporary protection in the policy of the Russian Empire, interested in the territories inhabited by the Greeks, the fortunes of the two metropolises, of the eparchies and of the earthly monasteries were severely affected by the abuses of the political power. Establishing of some special departments for the administration of ecclesiastical incomes and the assault launched since 1859 anticipated the passage of church property into state property. Keywords: Church, State, secularization, property, laws Introduction The practice of the monasteries from Wallachia and Moldavia to be devoted is old, and its true meaning has been distorted over time. Since the 14th -16th centuries, in the long epoch of the feudal relations, some of the founders used to place their monasteries either under the ―guarantee‖ of the great establishments of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, Alexandria, Jerusalem or Antioch, or under the great monasteries of Mount Athos or other regions1. In return for securing their spiritual, cultural and social purposes – regardless of the political system in the Romanian Lands – monasteries, now turned into succursal monasteries, transferred a small share of incomes to these establishments. -
ORIGINAL PAPER Designing Political and Diplomatic Relations During the Crimean War. Evidence from the Romanian-Russian Encounter
RSP • No. 48 • 2015: 52-62 R S P ORIGINAL PAPER Designing Political and Diplomatic Relations during the Crimean War. Evidence from the Romanian-Russian Encounters (1853-1856) Elena Steluţa Dinu* Abstract This article analyses the Romanian-Russian political and diplomatic relations between1853-1856, the period of the Crimean War. History has proved on previous various occasions that any war that Russia has led against the Ottoman Empire started with the military takeover of the Principalities. These have become, in most cases, the main scene of the military operations and trade or compensation object. Wallachia represented the mandatory passage for the Russian troops on their way to confronting the Ottoman Empire. During this period Russia justified the military takeover of the Principalities by the protection it intended to give to the Orthodox Christians of the Romanian Principalities. At the Peace Congress of Paris in 1856, which ended this war, the Romanian matter became international and the collective protectorate of the Great European powers was introduced instead of the Tsarist one. Keywords: The Romanian Principalities, Russia, the Ottoman Empire, Crimean war, international relations * Ph.D., “Babeş-Bolyai” University of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of History and Philosophy, Phone: 0040264 405300, Email: [email protected] 52 Designing Political and Diplomatic Relations during the Crimean War… At the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century Europe enlarged greatly. Wide territories, considered peripheral, entered the European system of international relations, joining a common system in this way. The most important of these was undoubtedly Russia. By the end of the 17th century the diplomatic contacts between this immense country and the Eastern European countries only had a sporadic character. -
Remember Gheorghe Asachi.Pdf
Gh. Nistor Bicentenarul învăţământului superior tehnic-ingineresc în limba română 1813-2013 Remember: Gheorghe Asachi BICENTENARUL ÎNVĂȚĂMÂNTULUI SUPERIOR TEHNIC-INGINERESC ÎN LIMBA ROMÂNĂ 1813-2013 REMEMBER: GHEORGHE ASACHI Cinstirea strămoșilor este o datorie sacră și, în același timp, un autentic act de cultură. În istoria poporului nostru, sunt precursori a căror dăruire stă jertfă în zidirea trainică a învățământului și culturii. Fără munca lor neobosită, fără talentul și spiritul lor de inițiativă, edificiul spiritualității românești ar fi întârziat să se ridice. Acești făuritori de știință și cultură națională s-au străduit să sincronizeze spiritualitatea românească cu marile culturi europene, transformând actul de cultură într-un mijloc de luptă pentru idealurile sfinte ale poporului român. Un astfel de precursor, a fost cărturarul și omul de școală Gheorghe Asachi, considerat pe bună dreptate părintele și întemeietorul învățământului superior tehnic-ingineresc în limba română, de la crearea căruia se împlinesc 200 de ani. Gheorghe Asachi s-a născut la 1 martie 1788 în târgușorul Herța, din părinți moldoveni de obârșie transilvăneană. Tatăl său Lazăr (Leon) Asachi, preot, a fost unul din spiritele cele mai cunoscute ale timpului, om de aleasă cultură, cunoscător a multor limbi străine, traducător iscusit, care în publicații își mărturisea cele mai curate sentimente patriotice, gândind și simțind ca și cronicarii moldoveni, ca și învățații ardeleni, susținători ai originii latine a poporului român. Ca preot a ocupat diferite funcții, ajungând în final prim- protopop al Moldovei. După moartea soției, se călugări sub numele de Leon, primind rangul de arhimandrit. Mama sa, Elena Asachi, fiica preotului Nicolai Ardeleanu, era o fire cultivată, un spirit generos, care și-a dedicat toate energiile pentru educarea celor patru copii ai săi, trei băieți și o fată, Gheorghe Asachi fiind primul dintre ei. -
Annual Report of the Administrator S.A.I
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ADMINISTRATOR S.A.I. MUNTENIA INVEST S.A. ON SIF MUNTENIA S.A.’S ACTIVITY IN 2020 Prepared in accordance with Law no. 24/2017 on issuers of financial instruments and market operations, Law 74/2015 on managers of alternative investment funds, FSA Regulations no. 5/2018 regarding the issuers of financial instruments and market operations, the Bucharest Stock Exchange Code - Regulated Market Operator - and Rule no. 39/2015 for the approval of the Accounting Regulations compliant with the International Financial Reporting Standards, applicable to entities authorized, regulated and supervised by the Financial Supervisory Authority in the Financial Instruments and Investments Sector Reporting date: 31.12.2020 GENERAL INFORMATION Societatea de Investiții Financiare Muntenia S.A. (hereinafter reffered to as “SIF COMPANY NAME Muntenia” or “The Company”) • Tax Identification Code 3168735 • Trade Register Number J40/27499/1992 REGISTRATIONS • LEI Code 2549007DHG4WLBMAAO98 • FSA Register number PJR09SIIR/400005 78,464,520.10 lei – subscribed and paid-up share capital SHARE CAPITAL 784,645,201 – issued shares, under circulation 0.1 lei – nominal value CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SHARES Common, nominative, indivisible, dematerialized REGULATED MARKET ON WHICH Bucharest Stock Exchange, main segment, premium tier, SIF4 symbol THE SECURITIES ISSUED ARE TRADED The main field of activity is, according to the classification of activities in the national economy (CANE): financial intermediation except insurance and pension fund activities (CANE code 64), and the main object of activity is: Mutual funds and other similar financial entities (CANE code 6430): • making financial investments in order to maximize the value of its own MAIN ACTIVITY shares, in accordance with the regulations in force; • managing the investment portfolio and exercising all the rights associated with the instruments in which it is invested; • risk management • other ancillary and adjacent activities, in accordance with the regulations in force. -
Molvania Free
FREE MOLVANIA PDF Santo Cilauro,Tom Gleisner,Rob Sitch | 176 pages | 01 Oct 2004 | Overlook Press | 9781585676194 | English | United States Molvanîa - Wikipedia The region of Pokuttya was also part of it for a period of time. The western half of Moldavia is now part of Romania, the eastern Molvania belongs to the Republic of Moldovaand the northern and southeastern parts are territories of Ukraine. The original Molvania short-lived reference to the region was Bogdaniaafter Bogdan Ithe founding figure of the principality. The names Molvania and Moldova are derived from the name of the Moldova River ; however, the etymology is not known and there are several variants: Molvania [8]. In several early references, [11] "Moldavia" is rendered under the composite form Moldo-Wallachia in the same way Wallachia may appear as Hungro-Wallachia. See also names Molvania other languages. The inhabitants of Moldavia were Christians. The place of worship, and the tombs had Molvania characteristics. The Molvania of worship had a rectangular form with sides of eight Molvania seven meters. The Bolohoveniis mentioned by the Hypatian Chronicle in the 13th century. The chronicle shows that this [ which? Archaeological research also Molvania the Molvania of 13th- century fortified settlements in this region. Molvania ethnic identity is uncertain; although Romanian scholars, basing on their ethnonym identify them as Romanians who were called Vlachs in the Middle Agesarcheological evidence and the Hypatian Chronicle which is the only primary source that Molvania their history suggest Molvania they were a Slavic people. In the early 13th century, the Brodniksa possible Slavic — Vlach vassal state of Halychwere present, alongside the Vlachs, in Molvania of the region's Molvania towardsthe Brodniks are mentioned as in service of Suzdal. -
5 the Supreme Control Organs in Romania* Richard
5 THE SUPREME CONTROL ORGANS IN ROMANIA* RICHARD SZAWLOWSKI Professor of International Law, The Polish University, London I. The Past United Romania was, to a great extent, a product of the defeat of Russia in the Crimean War. Previously two separate Duchies, Vallachia and Moldavia, both Russian protectorates (but still having to pay a tribute to the Ottoman Empire), existed on that territory. Russian troops were stationed there until 1851 (and occupied Romanian territory again in 1853/54), and quashed all na- tional and liberal movements. But the newly-emerged united Romanian Duchy (1862) was not fully sover- eign either; it was a collective protectorate of the five big powers and Sar- dinia.' Full sovereignty was achieved only in 1878, by the Treaty of Berlin, after the Russo-Turkish war, when Serbia and Montenegro were also given independence and Bulgaria was established as an autonomous Duchy. The Kingdom of Romania was proclaimed in 1881. 1. The first supreme control (audit) institution on Romanian soil existed in Vallachia already in the 1830s. The Regulamentul organic of that Duchy of 1831,2 Art.136, created, starting with 1 January 1832, an organ called Natio- nal Control, composed of a Chief of Control, two desk chiefs, and the needed secretaries. Its task was to help the ordinary National Assembly in its ex- amination of the management of all the revenues and expenditures of the country. This National Control, very frequently referred to simply as Con- trol, was later - in the fifties - transformed into a Department of Control, but still sometimes referred to as National Control. -
The Remaking of the Dacian Identity in Romania and the Romanian Diaspora
THE REMAKING OF THE DACIAN IDENTITY IN ROMANIA AND THE ROMANIAN DIASPORA By Lucian Rosca A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Sociology Committee: ___________________________________________ Director ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Department Chairperson ___________________________________________ Dean, College of Humanities and Social Sciences Date: _____________________________________ Fall Semester 2015 George Mason University, Fairfax, VA The Remaking of the Dacian Identity in Romania and the Romanian Diaspora A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at George Mason University By Lucian I. Rosca Bachelor of Arts George Mason University, 2015 Director: Patricia Masters, Professor Department of Sociology Fall Semester 2015 George Mason University Fairfax, VA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my thesis coordinators: Professor Patricia Masters, Professor Dae Young Kim, Professor Lester Kurtz, and my wife Paula, who were of invaluable help. Fi- nally, thanks go out to the Fenwick Library for providing a clean, quiet, and well- equipped repository in which to work. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ............................................................................................................... -
Download the Full Document About Romania
About Romania Romania (Romanian: România, IPA: [ro.mɨni.a]) is a country in Southeastern Europe sited in a historic region that dates back to antiquity. It shares border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova to the northeast, and Bulgaria to the south. Romania has a stretch of sea coast along the Black Sea. It is located roughly in the lower basin of the Danube and almost all of the Danube Delta is located within its territory. Romania is a parliamentary unitary state. As a nation-state, the country was formed by the merging of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1859 and it gained recognition of its independence in 1878. Later, in 1918, they were joined by Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia. At the end of World War II, parts of its territories (roughly the present day Moldova) were occupied by USSR and Romania became a member of Warsaw Pact. With the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, Romania started a series of political and economic reforms that peaked with Romania joining the European Union. Romania has been a member of the European Union since January 1, 2007, and has the ninth largest territory in the EU and with 22 million people [1] it has the 7th largest population among the EU member states. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest (Romanian: Bucureşti /bu.kureʃtʲ/ (help·info)), the sixth largest city in the EU with almost 2 million people. In 2007, Sibiu, a large city in Transylvania, was chosen as European Capital of Culture.[2] Romania joined NATO on March 29, 2004, and is also a member of the Latin Union, of the Francophonie and of OSCE. -
Ion Heliade Radulescu in the Romanian Revolution of 1848*
VASILE MACIU (Bucharest, Romania) Ion Heliade Radulescu in the Romanian Revolution of 1848* The revolution of 1848 was an outstanding moment in the life of the Ro- manian people: Never before had Romanians so decisively risen with a view to achieve national and social freedom. The revolution's aim was to overthrow the old disintegrating feudal social order and to establish a new bourgeois order like that in England and France. Moreover, Romanians wanted to be freed from foreign domination, to be united in a national independent state, and to see revolutionary ideas spread in Eastern Europe. In order to accom- plish this daring program, the revolution of 1848 marshaled all the national political forces-the masses and their leaders-who sacrificed themselves for the common cause. A One leader of the revolution in Wallachia was Ion Heliade Radulescu-com- monly known as Eliade. A member of the bourgeoisie, he embodied the inter- ests of his social class. But he also had significant views on the progress and possibilities of the Romanian nation. Bom in 1802, Eliade grew up in a period of political unrest and social contradictions throughout the Danubian princi- palities as well as in the Romanian regions of Habsburg Austria. He acquired a rich political experience and conducted significant cultural activities, and his reputation as a leading intellectual as well as his popularity served him well in the cause of the revolution. Eliade began his studies at the prince's academy in Bucharest. Here he encountered the ideas of the French encyclopaedists: -. He was also fascinated by the Daco-Roman thesis of the Transylvanian teacher Gheorghe Lazar. -
ZILELE SEXTIL PUŞCARIU” Ediţia a III-A, Cluj-Napoca, 14–15 Septembrie 2017
CAIETELE SEXTIL PUŞCARIU III Actele Conferinţei Internaţionale „ZILELE SEXTIL PUŞCARIU” Ediţia a III-a, Cluj-Napoca, 14–15 septembrie 2017 CAIETELE SEXTIL PUȘCARIU CONSILIUL ȘTIINȚIFIC IOAN BOLOVAN (Cluj-Napoca), MIRCEA BORCILĂ (Cluj-Napoca), ALEXANDRINA CERNOV (Cernăuţi), GHEORGHE CHIVU (București), ION MĂRII (Cluj-Napoca), ROBERTO MERLO (Torino), MARIUS SALA (București), EUGEN SIMION (Bucureşti), ION SIMUŢ (Oradea), ION TALOŞ (Köln), DORIN URIŢESCU (Toronto), GISÈLE VANHESE (Cosenza) COMITETUL DE REDACŢIE EUGEN PAVEL – director NICOLAE MOCANU – redactor-şef DUMITRU LOȘONȚI, ADRIAN TUDURACHI – redactori-şef adjuncți COSMINA BERINDEI, COSMIN BORZA, ELENA FAUR, ANDREEA-NORA POP, VERONICA VLASIN, BOGDAN HARHĂTĂ (secretar ştiinţific de redacţie) © Institutul de Lingvistică şi Istorie Literară „Sextil Puşcariu” ISSN 2393 ‒ 526X ISSN‒L 2393 ‒ 526X COMITETUL DE REDACŢIE ACADEMIA ROMÂNĂ 400165 Cluj-Napoca, Str. Emil Racoviţă, nr. 21 Filiala Cluj-Napoca Tel./ fax: +40 264 432440 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Str. Republicii, nr. 9 e-mail: [email protected] Tel./ fax: +40 264 592363 web: http://inst-puscariu.ro/CaieteleSPI.html e-mail: [email protected] ACADEMIA ROMÂNĂ Filiala Cluj-Napoca INSTITUTUL DE LINGVISTICĂ ŞI ISTORIE LITERARĂ „SEXTIL PUŞCARIU” CAIETELE SEXTIL PUŞCARIU III Actele Conferinţei Internaţionale „ZILELE SEXTIL PUŞCARIU” Ediţia a III-a, Cluj-Napoca, 14–15 septembrie 2017 Cluj-Napoca SCRIPTOR • ARGONAUT 2017 Coperta: CĂLIN STEGEREAN Layout: Editura Scriptor Tiparul a fost finanţat de Societatea Română de Dialectologie Proiect realizat cu sprijinul Primăriei şi al Consiliului Local Cluj-Napoca Editura Argonaut este acreditată CNCSIS/CNC, pe domeniul Philologie, nivel B, din anul 2002. —————————————————————————————— Editura Scriptor Editura Argonaut 400457 Cluj-Napoca, str. Septimiu Albini, nr. 11 400545 Cluj-Napoca, str. Ciucaş, nr.5/15 Tel.