NARRATIVA AD INFINITUM La Narrativa Transmedia De Doctor Who

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NARRATIVA AD INFINITUM La Narrativa Transmedia De Doctor Who NARRATIVA AD INFINITUM La narrativa transmedia de Doctor Who | Título de trabajo Narrativa ad infinitum: La narrativa transmedia de Doctor Who | Estudios Comunicación Audiovisual | Tutor/a Dra. Inmaculada Gordillo Álvarez Firma con el visto bueno del tutor | Agradecimientos | La elaboración de este estudio no habría sido posible sin el apoyo de aquellos que me han ayudado a sacarlo adelante, bien con consejos o correcciones, bien con paciencia; pero sobre todo, con la ayuda desinteresada y la confianza que en más de una ocasión ha sido necesaria. Estoy en deuda con Juanma Asencio, mi “portavoz” en la Universidad de Sevilla mientras estaba de intercambio SICUE en la Pompeu Fabra, y quien ha hecho posible la entrega de este documento, entre otros quebraderos de cabeza que le habré causado. Gracias también a Rafa Cabeza, siempre dispuesto a escuchar mis problemas y a darles una solución optimista. Que el triángulo Draper-Olson-Holloway sea infinito donde la serie no pudo serlo. También en deuda con Sofia Izquierdo, cuyo inmenso conocimiento sobre Doctor Who ha sido clave para este trabajo. Agradecerle además sus lecturas desinteresadas y su apoyo en todo momento. Gracias a Raquel Crisóstomo por confiar en mi trabajo incondicionalmente, así como por las charlas tan enriquecedoras en las que las dudas no lo eran tanto; a Cristina Aguilera por estar ahí siempre, apostando por un trabajo que uno mismo olvida valorar; a Manu Montes por ser el apoyo moral que todo SICUE necesita, ese hombro virtual en el que apoyarse (o físico, después de muchas horas de Valencia en Fallas); a Carlos Scolari, por sus pequeñas masterclass ante cualquier duda; y a Alba Rosillo, por sus consejos y ayuda con el diseño gráfico de la presentación. Quizá si hubiera escuchado algunos de estos consejos, esa ayuda gráfica no hubiera sido necesaria. A Inmaculada Gordillo, por confiar en mi trabajo y sacar tiempo para dirigir mis proyectos, además de animarme a enfocar este tema como trabajo fin de grado tras una exposición sobre la narrativa de Doctor Who. Agradecer también a mi familia, no solo por el apoyo en la recta final de carrera, sino por la oportunidad de disfrutarla, tanto en Sevilla como en Barcelona. Y por último, pero no menos importante, gracias a Pablo Sobrado por su apoyo y, sobre todo, por su paciencia. También por haberme descubierto Doctor Who, pues sin ese paso nada de esto habría sido posible. Y a su familia por acogerme con los brazos abiertos y hacerme sentir como en casa. Índice Resumen .................................................................................................................. 4 Palabras clave.......................................................................................................... 4 Introducción ...................................................................................................................... 4 Objetivos ........................................................................................................................... 5 Metodología ...................................................................................................................... 6 I ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN 1.1 Narrativa de Doctor Who ............................................................................................ 7 Historia y género ..................................................................................................... 7 Personajes ............................................................................................................... 8 Espacio y tiempo ................................................................................................... 11 Continuidad: El Canon .......................................................................................... 13 Estructura .............................................................................................................. 15 Los episodios perdidos: la labor de los prosumidores. ......................................... 16 1.2 Narrativas transmedia ............................................................................................... 19 Características ....................................................................................................... 21 Estudio de caso: Doctor Who ................................................................................ 26 II UNIVERSO EXPANDIDO DE DOCTOR WHO 2.1 Serie de televisión ..................................................................................................... 30 Especiales y minisodios ........................................................................................ 32 2.2 Spin-off ..................................................................................................................... 34 2.3 Películas .................................................................................................................... 35 2.4 Novelas ..................................................................................................................... 36 2.6 Audios ....................................................................................................................... 39 2.5 Cómics ...................................................................................................................... 41 2.6 Revistas ..................................................................................................................... 43 2.7 Videojuegos / Juegos ................................................................................................ 46 2.9 Fandom ..................................................................................................................... 48 2.11 Teatro ...................................................................................................................... 50 2.12 Música .................................................................................................................... 51 2.13 Exposiciones ........................................................................................................... 52 2.14 · 50 aniversario: el despliegue transmedia ............................................................. 53 III PROYECTO DE CREACIÓN 3.1 Portal web: Whorama ............................................................................................... 55 Conclusiones ................................................................................................................... 56 Anexos ............................................................................................................................ 57 Referencias bibliográficas .............................................................................................. 70 Saida Herrero Morales (CAV) TFG: Narrativa Ad Infinitum: La narrativa transmedia de Doctor Who Resumen La sociedad contemporánea está inmersa en la era de la convergencia de los medios, una vinculación cada vez más intrínseca que se manifiesta a través de la narrativa transmedia. Pese a que esta forma de narrar ha existido prácticamente desde el origen de las historias, actualmente esa relación entre medios es cada vez más imprescindible y por lo tanto se toma especial interés en catalogar el fenómeno y explorarlo más a fondo. Por otra parte, el espectador adquiere una relevancia especial en este tipo de narrativas, ya que transforma su rol de consumidor en el de productor y pasa así a generar sus propias historias. Algunos ejemplos más conocidos de estas narrativas transmedia son El planeta de los simios, Star Trek, Star Wars o los diferentes superhéroes nacidos en el cómic. Pero, de entre todos los ejemplos que podríamos analizar, existe un universo expandido que ha puesto en práctica todas las posibilidades que ofrece este tipo de narración. La serie de televisión británica Doctor Who (1963-actualidad) se ha consolidado como uno de los ejercicios transmedia más interesantes y enriquecedores, pero a su vez, desconocido para muchos. Este estudio tiene como finalidad analizar sus diferentes medios y aquellas propiedades que la elevan como una de las mejores aventuras transmedia hasta la fecha, además de permitir al usuario hispanohablante tener conocimiento de él ya que son muy pocas las publicaciones al respecto en español. Para que la actualización sea instantánea, este estudio incluye un proyecto de página web. Palabras clave: narrativas transmedia, cultura participativa, medios, ficción seriada Introducción Imaginemos una noche sin luna y un manto estrellado extendiéndose en la oscuridad del cielo. Podríamos empezar a contar una a una las estrellas que lo forman pero pronto cesaríamos, incapaces de contar las miles de millones, por lo que resulta inviable un cálculo exacto de su magnitud. De igual forma, existen otros tipos de universos con situaciones similares, cuya diferencia radica en la materia con la que están formados. Sustituyendo estrellas por medios, nos encontramos con los universos expandidos que envuelven las producciones artísticas cada vez con más frecuencia. Las franquicias cinematográficas o televisivas, entre otras, se han revolucionado con la aparición de estos universos. Algunos de los ejemplos más claros son los archiconocidos universos expandidos de Star Wars (George Lucas, 1977) y con anterioridad Star Trek (Gene Roddenberry,1966). Todos parten de un producto emitido en cualquier medio (película o serie de televisión, respectivamente en estos casos) y se ramifican en diferentes medios: novelas, cómics, videojuegos y un largo etcétera. No obstante, antes que estos
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