Bio 104 Cardiovascular System

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29 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System

Lecture Outline: Cardiovascular System Hole’s HAP [Chapters 14, 15, 16]

Blood: Introduction (Chapter 14)

A. Characteristics of Blood 1. Blood Volume -

2. Blood Composition a. Blood Cells

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

b. Plasma

3. Origin of Blood Cells

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B. Red Blood Cells

1. Characteristics

- - oxyhemoglobin - deoxyhemoglobin

2. Red Blood Cell Counts



 4.6 – 6.2

 4.2. – 5.4

 reflects blood’s ______

3. Red Blood Cell Production

 low blood oxygen  ______

 RBC production

 vitamin B12, folic acid, Fe are necessary

Dietary Factors Affecting RBC Production

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4. Life Cycle of RBC

 lifespan

 worn out RBCs destroyed by

 Hb  heme and globin

5. Anemia Def. =

C. White Blood Cells

1. Functions & Types



 diapedesis

 positive chemotaxis

 granulocytes

 agranulocytes

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2. White Blood Cell Counts

 5, 000 - 10,000

 leukopenia

 leukocytosis

 differential WBC count

Granulocytes Agranulocytes

Neutrophils (segs, PMNs, bands) Monocytes

Eosinophils Lymphocytes

Basophils

D. Platelets - cell fragments

-130,000 - 360,000

- helps control ______

Plasma A. Characteristics

   33 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System

B. Plasma Proteins



C. Gases and Nutrients

Gases Nutrients

------

D. Nonprotein Nitrogenous Substances

Urea -

Uric acid -

Amino acids –

Creatine –

Creatinine –

BUN –

E. Plasma Electrolytes

 Absorbed from the ______or released as

by-products of ______

 sodium, chloride  calcium  magnesium

 bicarbonate  phosphate  sulfate 34 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System

Hemostasis  Blood Vessel Spasm - - -

Platelet Plug Formation -

Blood Coagulation -

Coagulation - causes the formation of a blood clot via ______

- occurs extrinsically (______)

or intrinsically (______)

Anitgens and Antibodies

Agglutination –

Antigen –

Antibody –

ABO Blood Groups Based on presence or absence of ______



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Blood Types:

Type A Type B Type AB Type O

RBC:

Plasma Antibodies:

Rh Blood Group

Rh positive

Rh negative

Erythroblastosis fetalis

- mother if Rh neg.; baby is Rh pos.

- if mother is exposed to ______blood, she will form anti-Rh antibodies

- problem arises in 2nd pregnancy

- 1970’s Rho-Gam

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Introduction & Overview of CV System (Chapter 15)

_____ liters of blood

______miles of vessels

Pulmonary circuit :

Systemic circuit:

Coronary circulation:

Arteries

Capillaries

Veins

Anatomy of the Heart A. Size & Location



 between ______and ______ medial to ______ base at ______ apex at ______ lies on diaphragm

B. Pericardium

1. fibrous pericardium

2. serous pericardium

parietal pericardium [pericardial cavity] visceral pericardium

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3. Disorders

pericarditis cardiac tamponade

C. Heart Wall

1. Epicardium

2. Myocardium

3. Endocardium

D. Heart Chambers

Right Atrium Left Atrium

Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

E. Heart Valves

Tricuspid

Pulmonary ______

Mitral

Aortic ______

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F. Path of Blood Through the Heart 1. Right Atrium SVC IVC Coronary sinus

< Right atrioventricular (AV) valve>

2. Right Ventricle

chordae tendinae papillary muscles

 ______

 LUNGS  ______

Pulmonary veins -

3. Left Atrium

4. Left Ventricle

 ascending aorta  openings to coronary arteries

G. Blood Supply to Heart (Coronary Circulation) 1. Right coronary artery └> marginal branch

└> posterior interventricular branch (post. descending artery)

2. Left coronary artery └> circumflex branch

└> anterior interventricular branch (left anterior descending artery)

3. Coronary veins great cardiac vein └> coronary sinus  ______39 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System

Heart Actions Systole =

Diastole =

A. Cardiac Cycle

Atrial systole/ Ventricular diastole

- - - -

Ventricular systole/ atrial diastole

- - - -

B. Heart Sounds Lubb

Dupp

Murmur –

Mitral valve prolapse

C. Cardiac Muscle Fibers - form a functional syncytium (= )

atrial syncytium ventricular syncytium

D. Cardiac Conduction System Conducting system includes: Nodal tissue S-A (sinoatrial) node

Atrial synctium

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Junctional fibers

A-V (atrioventricular) node

AV bundle (of His)

Bundle branches

Purkinje fibers

Ventricular syncytium

E. Electrocardiogram (ECG) - -

P wave -

QRS wave -

T wave -

Prolonged QRS complex

Arrhythmias: Fibrillation

Atrial flutter

Tachycardia >100bpm

Bradycardia < 60bpm

F. Cardiac Cycle 1. Consists of: systole –

diastole –

2. Average heartrate:

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G. Regulation of Cardiac Cycle

1. ANS affects activities of ______

2. Other Factors that influence HR - - - ion conc. ( )

PSN impulses

SNS impulses

Cardiac center ______regulates heart

BLOOD VESSELS Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins

A. Blood Vessel Anatomy 1. 3 basic layers a. tunica interna (intima)

b. tunica media

c. tunica externa (adventitia)

2. Artery -

- -

3. Arterioles - - - - 42 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System

Metarterioles

4. Capillaries

Regulation of Capillary Blood Flow Precapillary sphincters

Exchange in the Capillaries Arterial end –

Venous end

Substances move in and out

Opposing pressures: Hydrostatic pressure (BP )

Osmotic pressure

5. Venules

6. Veins

Blood Pressure - force exerted against wall of vessel

A. Arterial BP 120  80 mmHg

Systolic/diastolic

Pulse =

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B. Factors that affect BP Blood volume

Cardiac Output CO = HR x SV

Viscosity

C. Control of BP

BP rises  baroreceoptors (located in ______and

______) stimulated  Cardiac center (located in ______)

 PSN impulses to ______ HR ______ BP back to normal

D. Venous Blood Flow Depends on: -

Selected Blood Vessels A. Pulmonary circulation

Pulmonary arteries

Pulmonary veins

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B. Systemic Circulation 1. Aorta Ascending aorta:

 right & left coronary arteries

Aortic arch: 1)

2)

3)

Descending aorta

2. Hepatic portal circulation -

- inferior mesenteric vein

- splenic vein

- superior mesenteric vein

Splenic v. & superior mesenteric v. join to form hepatic portal vein --> liver

Life-Span Changes

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Lymphatic System A.

B. Lymph vessels

C. Lymph tissues

Tonsils

Lymph nodes

Thymus

Spleen

Aggregate lymphoid nodules

Appendix

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