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Bio 104 Cardiovascular System 29 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System Lecture Outline: Cardiovascular System Hole’s HAP [Chapters 14, 15, 16] Blood: Introduction (Chapter 14) - - - - A. Characteristics of Blood 1. Blood Volume - - - 2. Blood Composition a. Blood Cells Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets b. Plasma 3. Origin of Blood Cells - - 30 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System B. Red Blood Cells 1. Characteristics - - - oxyhemoglobin - deoxyhemoglobin - 2. Red Blood Cell Counts 4.6 – 6.2 4.2. – 5.4 reflects blood’s ___________________________ 3. Red Blood Cell Production low blood oxygen ________________________ RBC production vitamin B12, folic acid, Fe are necessary Dietary Factors Affecting RBC Production 31 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System 4. Life Cycle of RBC lifespan worn out RBCs destroyed by Hb heme and globin 5. Anemia Def. = C. White Blood Cells 1. Functions & Types diapedesis positive chemotaxis granulocytes - - - agranulocytes - - 32 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System 2. White Blood Cell Counts 5, 000 - 10,000 leukopenia leukocytosis differential WBC count Granulocytes Agranulocytes Neutrophils (segs, PMNs, bands) Monocytes Eosinophils Lymphocytes Basophils D. Platelets - cell fragments -130,000 - 360,000 - helps control _______________ Plasma A. Characteristics 33 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System B. Plasma Proteins C. Gases and Nutrients Gases Nutrients - - - - - - D. Nonprotein Nitrogenous Substances Urea - Uric acid - Amino acids – Creatine – Creatinine – BUN – E. Plasma Electrolytes Absorbed from the _____________ or released as by-products of ________________ sodium, chloride calcium magnesium bicarbonate phosphate sulfate 34 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System Hemostasis Blood Vessel Spasm - - - Platelet Plug Formation - - Blood Coagulation - - Coagulation - causes the formation of a blood clot via ____________________ - occurs extrinsically (_______________) or intrinsically (________________) Anitgens and Antibodies Agglutination – Antigen – Antibody – ABO Blood Groups Based on presence or absence of ______________________ 35 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System Blood Types: Type A Type B Type AB Type O RBC: Plasma Antibodies: Rh Blood Group Rh positive Rh negative Erythroblastosis fetalis - mother if Rh neg.; baby is Rh pos. - if mother is exposed to ________________ blood, she will form anti-Rh antibodies - problem arises in 2nd pregnancy - - 1970’s Rho-Gam 36 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System Introduction & Overview of CV System (Chapter 15) _____ liters of blood ___________miles of vessels Pulmonary circuit : Systemic circuit: Coronary circulation: Arteries Capillaries Veins Anatomy of the Heart A. Size & Location between _______ and _____________ medial to ____________ base at ___________ apex at __________________ lies on diaphragm B. Pericardium 1. fibrous pericardium 2. serous pericardium parietal pericardium [pericardial cavity] visceral pericardium 37 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System 3. Disorders pericarditis cardiac tamponade C. Heart Wall 1. Epicardium 2. Myocardium 3. Endocardium D. Heart Chambers Right Atrium Left Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle E. Heart Valves Tricuspid Pulmonary ___________ Mitral Aortic ___________ 38 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System F. Path of Blood Through the Heart 1. Right Atrium SVC IVC Coronary sinus < Right atrioventricular (AV) valve> 2. Right Ventricle chordae tendinae papillary muscles <Pulmonary Semilunar valve> _____________ LUNGS _________________ Pulmonary veins - 3. Left Atrium <Left Atrioventricular (AV) valve> 4. Left Ventricle <Aortic Semilunar valve> ascending aorta openings to coronary arteries G. Blood Supply to Heart (Coronary Circulation) 1. Right coronary artery └> marginal branch └> posterior interventricular branch (post. descending artery) 2. Left coronary artery └> circumflex branch └> anterior interventricular branch (left anterior descending artery) 3. Coronary veins great cardiac vein └> coronary sinus ________________ 39 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System Heart Actions Systole = Diastole = A. Cardiac Cycle Atrial systole/ Ventricular diastole - - - - Ventricular systole/ atrial diastole - - - - B. Heart Sounds Lubb Dupp Murmur – Mitral valve prolapse C. Cardiac Muscle Fibers - form a functional syncytium (= ) atrial syncytium ventricular syncytium D. Cardiac Conduction System Conducting system includes: Nodal tissue S-A (sinoatrial) node Atrial synctium 40 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System Junctional fibers A-V (atrioventricular) node AV bundle (of His) Bundle branches Purkinje fibers Ventricular syncytium E. Electrocardiogram (ECG) - - P wave - QRS wave - T wave - Prolonged QRS complex Arrhythmias: Fibrillation Atrial flutter Tachycardia >100bpm Bradycardia < 60bpm F. Cardiac Cycle 1. Consists of: systole – diastole – 2. Average heartrate: 41 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System G. Regulation of Cardiac Cycle 1. ANS affects activities of ________________ 2. Other Factors that influence HR - - - ion conc. ( ) PSN impulses SNS impulses Cardiac center _____________ regulates heart BLOOD VESSELS Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins A. Blood Vessel Anatomy 1. 3 basic layers a. tunica interna (intima) b. tunica media c. tunica externa (adventitia) 2. Artery - - - - 3. Arterioles - - - - 42 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System Metarterioles 4. Capillaries Regulation of Capillary Blood Flow Precapillary sphincters Exchange in the Capillaries Arterial end – Venous end Substances move in and out Opposing pressures: Hydrostatic pressure (BP ) Osmotic pressure 5. Venules 6. Veins Blood Pressure - force exerted against wall of vessel A. Arterial BP 120 80 mmHg Systolic/diastolic Pulse = 43 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System B. Factors that affect BP Blood volume HR SV Cardiac Output CO = HR x SV Viscosity PR C. Control of BP BP rises baroreceoptors (located in _____________ and ___________) stimulated Cardiac center (located in ___________) PSN impulses to __________ HR ____________ BP back to normal D. Venous Blood Flow Depends on: - - - Selected Blood Vessels A. Pulmonary circulation Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins 44 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System B. Systemic Circulation 1. Aorta Ascending aorta: right & left coronary arteries Aortic arch: 1) 2) 3) Descending aorta 2. Hepatic portal circulation - - inferior mesenteric vein - splenic vein - superior mesenteric vein Splenic v. & superior mesenteric v. join to form hepatic portal vein --> liver Life-Span Changes 45 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System Lymphatic System A. B. Lymph vessels C. Lymph tissues Tonsils Lymph nodes Thymus Spleen Aggregate lymphoid nodules Appendix 46 Bio 104 Cardiovascular System .
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