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ISSN 0370-3908 REVISTA DE LA ACADEMIA COLOMBIANA de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturale Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Vol. 38 · Número 148 · Págs. 233-342 · Julio - Septiembre de 2014 · Bogotá - Colombia Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Vol. 38 · Número 148 · Págs. 233-342 · Julio - Septiembre de 2014 · Bogotá - Colombia Comité editorial Editoras Elizabeth Castañeda Carmenza Duque Instituto Nacional de Salud, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia Bogotá, Colombia Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia Editores asociados Ciencias físicas y matemáticas Armando Espinosa Bernardo Gómez Universidad del Quindío, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia Armenia, Colombia Pedro Fernández de Córdoba Carlos Alberto Vargas Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, España Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia Rubén Antonio Vargas Universidad del Valle, José Ignacio Martínez Cali, Colombia Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia Victor Albis Ciencias humanas Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Guillermo Páramo Bogotá, Colombia Universidad Central, Bogotá, Colombia Ciencias naturales (biología, botánica, Rubén Ardila zoología, ecología, bioquímica) Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Gabriel Roldán Bogotá, Colombia Universidad Católica de Oriente, Ciencias biomédicas Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia Felipe Guhl M. Gonzalo Andrade Universidad de Los Andes, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia Bogotá, Colombia Luis Fernando García Jaime Ricardo Cantera Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad del Valle, Medellín, Colombia Cali, Colombia José Luis Fernández Ciencias químicas Real Jardín Botánico, Consejo Superior de Fanor Mondragón Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, España Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia Thomas Defler Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Moisés Wasserman Leticia, Colombia Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciencias de la tierra Bogotá, Colombia Germán Poveda Sonia Moreno Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia Bogotá, Colombia Comité científico internacional Ángela María Guzmán Gioconda San Blas University of Central Florida, Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas Orlando, Estados Unidos y Naturales, Caracas, Venezuela Antoine M. Cleef José Rubens Pirani University of Amsterdam, Holanda Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil Carlos Jiménez Wolfgang Gieren Universidad de La Coruña, España Universidad de Concepción, Chile Asistencia y coordinación editorial Carolina Acosta Corrección de estilo y ortografía Diagramación Impresión y acabados Marta Renza Johanna Morales Gente Nueva Reseñada en los siguientes índices nacionales e internacionales: Actualidad Iberoamericana Historia Mathematica PERIODICA Agris Index Kewensis Publindex, Colciencias CIRS Latindex RLG Current Mathematical Publications Mathematical Reviews SciELO Dialnet MathSciNet (on line data base) Zentralblatt für Mathematik EBSCO OCLC (Online Computer Library Center) Zoological Record Periodicidad: trimestral Esta publicación se ha financiado mediante la transferencia de recursos del Gobierno Fecha de inicio: 1936 Nacional a la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Tamaño: 21,5 x 27 cm La Academia no es responsable de las opiniones aquí expresadas. Papel: propalmate de 90 gr. Solicitud de canje Reservados todos los derechos. El contenido de la presente publicación no puede ser reproducido, ni transmitido por ningún procedimiento electrónico, mecánico, incluyendo fotocopia, grabación magnética, ni registrado por ningún sistema de recuperación de información, en ninguna forma, ni por ningún medio, sin la previa autorización por escrito del titular de los derechos de explotación de la misma. Cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública o transformación de esta obra solo puede ser realizada con la autorización previa de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Impreso en Colombia Portada: La especie Mutisia clematis fue dedicada por Linneo a José Celestino Mutis y luego una Página web de la revista: www.raccefyn.co especie de este género, Mutisia grandiflora Correo electrónico: [email protected] fue adoptada como símbolo en el escudo de Sede de la Academia: Cra. 28a No.39a - 63 la Academia de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Bogotá, Colombia Naturales. En la parte superior: “clavellino”. Teléfonos: (571) 244 3186 - 268 3290 - Nombre científico: Mutisia clematis, Familia: 268 2846 Asteraceae. A la izquierda, en posición vertical: Cissampelos sp. Familia: Menispermaceae. Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Vol. 38 · Número 148 · Págs. 233-342 · Julio - Septiembre de 2014 · Bogotá - Colombia Contenido - Contents Optimización de la extracción de antioxidantes de Salvia officinalis L. con CO2 supercrítico Optimization of the extraction of Salvia officinalis L. antioxidants with supercritical CO2 Jairo René Martínez, Carlos Ruiz, Ginna Arias, Elena Stashenko ................................................ 237 Dos décadas de estudio de la diversidad de hormigas en Colombia Ciencias Two decades of study of the diversity of ants in Colombia naturales Patricia Chacón de Ulloa, Juan Carlos Abadía ............................................................................ 250 Sinopsis de la familia Myrtaceae y clave para la identificación de los géneros nativos e introducidos en Colombia Synopsis of the plant family Myrtaceae and key for the identification of the native and introduced genera in Colombia Carlos Parra-O. ............................................................................................................................. 261 Remoción de atenuación y dispersión en registros preapilados mediante filtro inverso con factor de calidad estimado en espectro instantáneo Ciencias físicas Removal of attenuation and dispersion in pre-stack gathers using inverse filter with quality factor estimated on instantaneous spectrum Álvaro Corrales, Ovidio Almanza, Luis Montes-Vides ................................................................ 278 Mineralization and sorption of 14C-glyphosate in samples from three soil types collected in El Espinal, Colombia Química Mineralización y adsorción del 14C-glifosato en muestras de tres tipos de suelo provenientes de El Espinal, Colombia Jairo Leonardo Cuervo, Cilia Leonor Fuentes ............................................................................ 287 Characteristics of two Competing Risks Models with Weibull Distributed Risks Matemáticas Caracteristicas de dos modelos con riesgos en competencia y riesgos Weibull Sergio Yáñez, Luis A. Escobar, Nelfi González ........................................................................... 298 Metagabros de la isla Gran Roque (Venezuela). Geoquímica y petrografía Metagabbros of Gran Roque Island (Venezuela). Geochemistry and petrography Luz Mary Toro-Toro, Mario Moreno-Sánchez, Arley de Jesús Gómez-Cruz, Ciencias Juliana Giraldo-García .............................................................................................................. 312 de la tierra Estado del arte de los sistemas de alerta temprana en Colombia State of the art of the early warning system in Colombia Efraín Domínguez-Calle, Sergio Lozano-Báez ........................................................................... 321 Enfoque y alcance Focus and Scope ............................................................................................................................ 333 Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. 38(148):237-249, julio-septiembre de 2014 Optimización extracción de salvia Ciencias naturales Optimización de la extracción de antioxidantes de Salvia officinalisL. con CO2 supercrítico Jairo René Martínez1,*, Carlos Ruiz, Ginna Arias, Elena Stashenko 1Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, CENIVAM, Bucaramanga, Colombia Resumen Se aplicó un diseño factorial fraccionado 27-2 para seleccionar las variables con mayor efecto sobre la capacidad antioxidante, el contenido de fenoles y el rendimiento de la extracción utilizando CO2 supercrítico como solvente sobre hojas y tallos de Salvia officinalis L. El tiempo de extracción, el flujo de CO2, la presión de la cámara de extracción y la temperatura de separación se modificaron según el procedimiento simplex para hallar empíricamente las condiciones que produjeran extractos de salvia con el valor más alto de la combinación lineal de rendimiento de extracción, capacidad antioxidante y contenido total de fenoles. Palabras clave: Salvia officinalis, supercrítico, optimización simplex, ácido carnósico. Optimization of the extraction of Salvia officinalis L. antioxidants with supercritical CO2 Abstract A 27-2 fractional factorial design was used to select the variables with the greatest effect on the antioxidant capacity, the total phenolic content and the extraction yield using supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent on Salvia officinalis L. leaves and stems. The extraction time, the CO2 flow, the extraction chamber pressure and the collector temperature were modified according to the simplex method in order to empirically find the conditions resulting in salvia extracts with the highest value of the linear combination of extraction yield, antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. Key words: Salvia officinalis, supercritical, simplex optimization, carnosic acid. Introducción superior a la del 2,6-di-terc-butil-p-cresol (BHT) y la del terc-butil-4-metoxifenol (BHA), antioxidantes de amplio La capacidad
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  • Ant Diversity Studies in Acre

    Ant Diversity Studies in Acre

    Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Cienc. Nat., Belém, v. 15, n. 1, p. 113-134, jan.-abr. 2020 Ant diversity studies in Acre: what we know and what we could do to know more? Estudos de diversidade de formigas no Acre: o que sabemos e o que devemos fazer para saber mais? Fernando Augusto SchmidtI | Marília Maria Silva da CostaI, II | Felipe MartelloI | Amanda Batista de OliveiraIII | Andressa Silvana MenezesI | Luane Karoline FonteneleII | Elder Ferreira MoratoI | Marco Antônio OliveiraIV IUniversidade Federal do Acre. Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil IIUniversidade Federal de Lavras. Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil IIIUniversidade Federal do Amazonas. Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil IVUniversidade Federal de Viçosa. Florestal, Minais Gerais, Brasil Abstract: Brazil counts with one the largest ant diversity in the world. But, given its continental dimension and uneven scientific development process, there are still several gaps in the knowledge of this biodiversity. This fully applies to research on ant diversity in the state of Acre, southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Since 2014, in Acre, ants are being sampled by Rede BIA project, which aims to cover this gap. Thus, our main goal is to present the status of ant diversity studies in Acre regarding their progress and their contribution to the ant fauna knowledge, based on scientific papers and grey literature. We found 17 studies to Acre, which encompass a time range of 10 years, and a total of 338 species recorded. The studies are concentrated mainly in the southern and eastern parts of the state. Ground pitfall trap is the most used sampling technique. We point out that adding more sites to Rede BIA’s collecting efforts, plus focusing samplings in poorly studied habitats and ecosystems, especially in the western and eastern parts of the state will provide a lot of new data on ant species occurrence to Acre and to Brazil.