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Garden Solutions Urban Wildlife Tocken S a Icol Garden solutions Urban wildlife TOCKEN S A ICOL N planting GAP / / GAP No matter what size, gardens in towns and cities can welcome wildlife by tailoring garden management and including varied planting » Author: Helen Bostock, RHS Senior R H S / / S Horticultural Advisor and manager of BUCKLEY N A T IM S IM the RHS Plants for Bugs project TH A Shrubs pruned to create A Burnet moth on a good branch framework ND A Echium vulgare. provide bird nesting sites. LL GAP / JON / GAP May 2016 | The Garden 71 Urban wildlife planting Great plants for urban gardeners To plant with wildlife in mind is rewarding wherever you Trees and hedging Shrubs garden, but there are particular ✤ Acer campestre ‘Elsrijk’: moth larval ✤ Buddleja davidii Buzz Series: challenges and opportunities faced food plant, nectar and pollen for bees D compact butterfly nectar plant and LEY ppar by those who garden in towns and (7m/23ft). moth larval food plant (1.5m/5ft). S cities. Space is often at a premium, so ✤ SHE ✤ Arbutus unedo f. rubra: evergreen tree, OL Caryopteris x clandonensis plants need to be attractive and well nectar source in winter, especially for bees Car ‘Heavenly Blue’: late­season flowers S / / S S / WENDY WE WENDY / S adapted to an urban environment. and butterflies (4m/13ft). H for bees and butterflies (1m/39in). H R R SS Dry conditions abound. Narrow O ✤ Berberis thunbergii f. atropurpurea Crab apple hedge ✤ Erysimum ‘Bowles’s Mauve’: long­ Buddleja davidii R planting pockets at the base of house A ‘Atropurpurea Nana’: spiky nesting site, season evergreen for honeybees and ECC walls where shallow footings and a B berries loved by winter thrushes, also bee hoverflies (75cm/30in). H S / RE / S and bumblebee plant (50cm/20in hedge). ✤ Fatsia japonica: good late nectar ‘rain shadow’ effect prove particularly H ARS R ✤ Hebe x franciscana ‘Blue Gem’: nectar source especially for hoverflies (3m/10ft). difficult can suit alliums, lavender UTT for bees and peacock, red admiral, small ITCHM T ✤ Prunus incisa ‘Kojo-no-mai’: bees and perennial wallflowers. Rubble ARB M M tortoiseshell butterflies (1m/39in hedge). A and bumblebees (2.5m/8ft). left behind by builders can increase H Mix of habitats & plant types RA ✤ Malus tschonoskii (pillar crab): flowers ✤ Pyracantha coccinea ‘Red Cushion’: drainage but reduces planting depth. S / G / S G SIMON / S Whatever space you have, plants that help wildlife can be attractive to people, too – many attract insects, fruit eaten by many birds, H bee and fly plant, berries eaten by H Here low-growing, shallow-rooted R R exotic species support wildlife as well as native plants. foxes and small mammals (10m/33ft). birds (3m/10ft). plants such as crocus, grape hyacinths, Flowers of Arbutus Pyracantha berries A boring garden for people equals low A red­stemmed cornus, for instance, alpines and thymes work well. habitat potential for wildlife. Instead of provides bluetits with aphids in spring and Shade is problematic, too, in an full perimeter fencing, replace one side moth caterpillars with food from foliage in urban garden. Small plots are often with a hedge. Edge drives and paths in sun summer. Mix early bulbs with later­flowering Climbers Perennials overshadowed by adjacent buildings, or shade with thyme or bugle respectively. perennials, and play with flower shape. ✤ Eccremocarpus scaber: flowers through ✤ Campanula glomerata ‘Superba’: tall fences or street trees. And often D Lift a slab or two of paving (see pp34–35) and Where better than in a warm, urban garden A bee and butterfly plant. summer, visited by honeybees (5m/16ft). TE S M plant choice has to include compact pop in some California poppy (Eschscholzia) to grow something to provide flower in every L ✤ ✤ Dahlia (Happy Single Series): Hedera colchica ‘Dentata Variegata’: HA GRA or fleabane (Erigeron). Cover dull walls or month of the year? The first Plants for Bugs N selections to fit within small plots. I W late­season nectar source for bees and E late­season bee and butterfly plant. R But on the up side, urban gardens drainpipes with flowering climbers. paper (see p74) showed ON hoverflies (5m/16ft). ✤ AS Get creative with plant types. pollinators did best in Erigeron ‘Four Winds’: bee, are generally warmer than their rural AND / S J / S ✤ Humulus lupulus ‘Golden Tassles’: H bumblebee and butterfly plant. H GETTY / S GETTY/ R counterparts, and wildlife is active In small gardens, conifers gardens with both native R and evergreens and non­native plants, so larval food plant for several moths and Red admiral on ivy ✤ Helleborus x hybridus: useful bee Primula vulgaris longer, so there is increased scope butterflies, including comma and small plant, early in the year. are good year­ experiment with a few A for using more tender plants and ND tortoiseshell (2.5m/8ft). round value and offer exotics, especially those RA ✤ Origanum vulgare: hoverfly and S those that extend the season. T ✤ Jasminum officinale: summer flowers honeybee plant. cover for nesting birds that keep flowering well A City allotments remain popular; ND attract bees, butterflies and hummingbird and invertebrates. into autumn such as BR ✤ Primula vulgaris (primrose): early ID hawk moth (4m/13ft). LL indeed, vegetable growing is some- G Deciduous shrubs and trees fuchsia, Nicotiana or annual bee and butterfly plant, finches may A E IUM ✤ ND times the sole pursuit of an urban fill ecological niches, too. climber Eccremocarpus. Lonicera periclymenum: evening eat the seed. A rbar scented, attracts moths (6m/20ft). S IM E gardener. While productivity is ✤ Salvia splendens: bee plant. T H S S / S paramount, wildlife need not miss ✤ Pileostegia viburnoides: flowers for H ✤ Sedum telephium Atropurpureum H pollinators, site for nesting birds (6m/20ft). R R out. Some fruit and vegetables rely Lonicera periclymenum Group ‘Purple Emperor’: bee plant. Campanula glomerata on insect pollinators for setting fruit, so planting is of mutual benefit. RHS Science: your garden in context Choose compact cultivars – often Often domestic gardens, defined by It is true some urban structures can act as suitable for containers – for growing Ground cover Annuals boundaries such as gates and railings, are barriers; many bat species are reluctant to ✤ Aubrieta: spring­flowering evergreen ✤ Borago officinalis (borage): in tight spaces: cherry tomato D p154 perceived as ‘private’; road verges, parks cross wide roads (preferring to travel along loved by bees. honeybee plant. ‘Sweet ‘n’ Neat’ or courgette ‘Patio ppar and other open spaces as ‘public’. And more defined corridors rather than open ✤ Ajuga reptans: shade­tolerant bee and ✤ Wildlife: UTTLE Cleome hassleriana (spider flower): C Star’, for example. Allowing a small SHE owners of domestic gardens, whether spaces) and hedgehogs will naturally be butterfly plant. H butterfly plant. bee swarms OL proportion of crops to ‘bolt’ or flower at ground level, on a balcony or a roof restricted by garden walls or fencing. ARA ✤ Bergenia ‘Eden’s Magic Giant’: ✤ Echium vulgare ‘Blue Bedder’: Car S / / S (such as rocket, parsley or leek), and terrace, may feel they work in But green spaces often link to each other S / S H LL occasional bee and butterfly plant. H bee and butterfly plant. R GA R EI isolation as they cater for ‘their’ and to the wider landscape, and mobile packing in flowering herbs such as W N ✤ Erica cinerea ‘C.D. Eason’: bee pollen Ajuga reptans ✤ Helianthus annuus (sunflower): Cleome hassleriana IA L wildlife. But you don’t – your species see this territory as a whole. borage, chives, fennel, marjoram, U J and nectar plant, moth larval food plant. visited by bees (for flowers), sparrows, / gardening and the wildlife So, if your garden doesn’t have space for mint and sage, significantly S H ✤ Lamium maculatum: bee plant, moth finches and other seed­eating birds. R you support (from harmless a tree but there are good street trees down increases wildlife interest. larval food plant. ✤ Papaver rhoeas (common poppy): masonry bees in old brick­ your road, create a mini­meadow or barrel D Picking the right plant work to peregrine falcons pond in the garden instead. And if there is ✤ Stachys byzantina (lamb’s ears): sun­ visited by hoverflies. ppar LL species and cultivar is nesting on tower blocks) late­flowering ivy covering the garages at and drought­tolerant bee plant. A ✤ Tropaeolum majus (nasturtium): SHE ND A important, but managing are connected across cities the back of where you live, plant primulas, ✤ Teucrium chamaedrys (wall bee plant and white butterfly OL IM S IM Car plants to maximise their benefits – and it is worth seeing sweet william and lavender to offer nectar germander): occasional bee plant. T larval food plant. S / / S S / / S H H R for wildlife is also part of being an them in this context. and pollen earlier in the year. ✤ Thymus serpyllum (wild thyme): bee R ✤ Verbena rigida (tender, often grown urban wildlife gardener. and bumblebee plant. Lamium maculatum as an annual): bee and butterfly plant. Sunflower seedheads » 72 The Garden | May 2016 May 2016 | The Garden 73 Urban wildlife planting LL A ND Managing plants for wildlife A IM S IM T S / / S Some simple changes in gardening techniques will H provide wildlife with extra food sources or sites in R which to nest or shelter. ✤ T rim berrying hedges such as hawthorn and privet Extra shelter every other year to maximise fruiting potential. Instead of clearing ✤ Alw ays check for signs of nesting birds before all fallen leaves in pruning shrubs or trimming hedges. The nesting autumn, rake season usually runs from March to August but in them under hedge warmer urban areas may start earlier or finish later. bases to provide ✤ Prune back all shoots on young deciduous shrubs hedgehog habitat.
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