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Children's Traditional Costumes in Najd Bedouin

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Children's Traditional Costumes in Najd Bedouin ISSN-L: 2223-9553, ISSN: 2223-9944 Vol. 3, No. 2, September 2012 Academic Research International CHILDREN’S TRADITIONAL COSTUMES IN NAJD BEDOUIN SETTLEMENT AREAS IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA Tahani Nasir Alajaji Princess Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University, SAUDI ARABIA. [email protected] ABSTRACT This research is concerned with studying children’s traditional costumes in Najd Bedouin settlement areas through documentation and classification of children’s traditional costumes and accessories in the research area. The research also identifies the techniques used for the making and decoration of these costumes in terms of their fabric, colors and sources and make a comparision between children’s traditional costumes in the Bedouin settlements of Najd and those of children in a number of regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This research employs the historical descriptive methodology as well as a multitude of techniques and tools to collect the scientific research materials, thereby ensuring that full and accurate information and data are obtained. Tools have included the following: questionnaires, personal interviews, audio recordings, observation, museums and acquisitions, traditional and digital photography, and illustrations. The study has documented the traditional types of children’s costumes in terms of their names, making techniques, the types of fabrics used, and decoration styles. The study concluded that traditional children’s costumes in Najd Bedouin settlement areas are a miniature of adults’ costumes, particularly outer costumes such as Maqtaa’, Mirwaden, and Kartah and discussed suitability of children’s costumes to various age groups and their versatility depending on the needs of children in each group, the study also found the existence of a similarity between children’s traditional costumes in Najd Bedouin settlement areas and those of children in a number of Kingdom’s regions and desert areas in Arab countries.Major recommendations of the research have included the following: creation of a website for folk heritage of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia encompassing all Kingdom regions and cities, encouraging and supporting individuals who seek to preserve this heritage as well as makers and craftsmen and creating contemporary job opportunities for them to protect the folk heritage which is threatened by obsolescence, encouraging scientific research which aims at revealing the characteristics of this folk creativity and at utilizing it to develop the society by collecting, displaying and studying folk heritage specimens. Keywords: Traditional Costumes, children costumes , Najd Bedouin, Folk Heritage INTRODUCTION The folk heritage constitutes a deep historical and emotional dimension of high importance in the past and the present. By virtue of its being one of the humanities, it affects civilization and public culture. Furthermore, it relates to all areas of activities undertaken by people and by their life practices, which renders its study a necessary matter. Costumes represent an important aspect of the cultural heritage, for it is an important source for each nation which has pride in its heritage and vestiges as they are a basic part of the components of that nation’s history, civilization and identity. noted that a number of traditional clothes are considered a documentary (16 ,1985 , ام ) Al-Bassam source which reflects an aspect of the traditional life of any people, and an important element of the physical heritage which denotes the facet of cultural, social and economic life. Furthermore, it is a she explained that ,(5 ,1985, اي ) means of introduction to the arts of the society. As for Al-Ozza costumes are an indication of the degree of sophistication which a society has reached and that it provides archeologists and historians with the missing cultural and civilization dimensions, for those who observe folk costumes can identify the country or the region which they belong to. www.journals.savap.org.pk Copyright © 2012 SAVAP International 516 www.savap.org.pk ISSN-L: 2223-9553, ISSN: 2223-9944 Academic Research International Vol. 3, No. 2, September 2012 The costumes of children are similar to those of adults in terms of the design, the fabric, the decorations and the colors. With scientific and technological advancement, children’s costumes have developed and have become suitable for the movement and growth of children ( , 2002 G, 9). Al- mentioned that children’s costumes in Najd area are a miniature of those of (96 ,1985 , ام ) Bassam adults but that they would be made of printed fabric with lively and vivid colors suitable for the nature of childhood spirit. In order to preserve folk heritage from obsolescence and loss due to social and economic transformations, the researcher has selected this important aspect of the heritage to be the subject of her research, hence the research problem in terms of the importance of studying children’s traditional costumes in the Najd Bedouin settlement area in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. RESEARCH QUESTIONS I. What are the basic parts forming traditional children’s costumes in the research area? II. What are the complementary pieces for each type of these costumes? III. What are the techniques used in the making of these costumes? IV. What are the decorations used in these costumes and their techniques? V. What are the similarities between the traditional children’s costumes in the research area and children’s costumes in other regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia? OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH This research aims primarily at shedding light on traditional children’s costumes in the research area through the following: a. Documentation and classification of traditional pieces of children’s costumes and their accessories in the research area. b. Identifying the techniques used in making and decorating costumes in terms of the fabrics, their types, colors and sources. c. Comparison between children’s traditional costumes in Najd Bedouin settlement areas and children’s costumes in a number of regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Importance of Research The importance of this research lies in the following: - Najd Bedouin settlement areas in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are important and major areas where children’s traditional costumes require study. - The research allows all parties concerned with costumes, such as museums and specialized centers and institutes to complete the necessary information on the costume heritage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. - It contributes to highlighting and documenting an element of heritage as an important step to the generations to derive their culture from authentic sources which would assist them to build the present and prepare for the future. Limitations of the Research Geographical Limitations The research addresses children’s traditional costumes in the Najd Bedouin settlements situated in the Central Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Human Limitations A number of nomad tribes spread out in the Bedouin settlements of Najd area were selected to represent the purebred society of the selected specimen. The selection was as follows: Shammar Tribe, Eneiza Tribe, Otaibah Tribe, Harb Tribe, Mutair Tribe, Subai’ Tribe, Qahtan Tribe, and Al- Rashaydah Tribe. Copyright © 2012 SAVAP International www.journals.savap.org.pk www.savap.org.pk 517 ISSN-L: 2223-9553, ISSN: 2223-9944 Vol. 3, No. 2, September 2012 Academic Research International Physical Limitations Children’s costumes in the Najd Bedouin settlements. Time Limitations Through human and physical specimens, information which goes back to a past period of time may be obtained. Therefore, research addresses the time period with no specific beginning as the evolution of clothing was a cumulative one. Until a time ending is determined, the research proposes the end of the Gregorian twentieth century as the study’s ending period. Research Terminology Following are the definitions of a number of terms mentioned in the research: Traditional Costumes: Refer to the patterns of clothing handed down within a group. They do not have a debut or a designer and they reflect the customs and traditions of the society they belong to. They also reflect the patterns of life and its evolution and reveal contemporary spirit and the material, social, and intellectual life as a whole, aspects of life in general and the tastes of peoples in particular mentioned that traditional costumes are an art (41 ,2009, أ وآون ) Amin et al .(7 ,2005 , ا) created by lay people and handed down from one generation to the next. Costumes are then customized to suit the customs and traditions of the society and the environment in which people live, and reflect the aesthetics, ethics and values prevailing in the society. They are also generally an indication of the political and economic standing of the members of the society and the researcher agrees procedurally with this understanding of the term. Children: Refer to children from birth to puberty. ؛ as quoted from Ibn Manthour 11 ,2004 , أو ) Bedouins : Bedouins are different than urban dwellers d-T 44-45) mentioned that Bedouins are the , و آون ) Mostafa et al .(24 ,1988 , ر inhabitants of Al-Badeya which is a large expanse with grazing land and water. Khafaji mentioned that the Bedouins are the nomad and semi-nomad inhabitants. Nomads are those who are constantly commuting. As for semi-nomad Bedouins, they refer to the ones who permanently inhabit the areas classified Bedouins into (12 ,2004 , ﺷ ) Shabar .(30 ,1993 , ا ) with grazing land and water nomads (purebred) who are named Ahl Al-Wabar who tend cattle only. To Arabs, the purebred tribes are the ones with high standing and live on tending cattle, and the semi-nomad Bedouins. The names differ from one region to another. They work in farming and half of them in herding and they have homes, and farms. They are settled within tribes and clans and practice farming. The researcher agrees procedurally with this understanding of the term. Previous Studies I. Study of Alajaji, Tahani Nasser (2011), Ph.D.
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