Introduction ...... 3 Overview ...... 4 Outcomes ...... 10 Ministerial Declaration ...... 11 Summary of Discussion of the Draft Ministerial Declaration in the Plenary Session ...... 15 Statements on the Ministerial Declaration...... 18 Portfolio of Water Actions — Time to Act — ...... 27 Chair's Summary of the Ministerial Conference ...... 28 Opening Address by the Chair ...... 29 Message for the World Water Day...... 31 Keynote Speeches ...... 32 Report from the 3rd World Water Forum ...... 53 Sub-Group Meetings (Chair's Summary) ...... 54 Summary of Discussion in the Plenary Session ...... 66 Statements on the Chair's Summary ...... 70 Dialogue between Forum Participants and Ministers ...... 71

Appendix Table of Contents Table Comments on the Ministerial Declaration...... 1 List of Participants ...... 2 List of Contributions to the Portfolio of Water Actions ...... 35 Preparatory Process ...... 47 Input from the Forum to the Ministerial Conference ...... 54

2 Introduction 1

INTRODUCTION Final Report Ministers responsible for water from around The Ministerial Conference considered pos- the world met at the Ministerial Conference, sible international cooperation on water on the occasion of the 3rd World Water issues, in coordination with civil society and Forum, on the 22nd and the 23rd of March the private sector, for implementation of 2003 in Kyoto, Japan, to discuss water necessary actions. It also provided a number issues. Approximately 1,300 delegates, of opportunities for interaction with the 3rd including about 130 representatives at the World Water Forum. ministerial level, from 170 countries and ter- ritories as well as 47 intergovernmental and This report records the important discussions other organizations participated. and outcomes of the Ministerial Conference. It is hoped that this report containing useful The primary objective of the Ministerial guidance for actions will provide positive Conference was to reaffirm and mobilize stimulus and encouragement for future con- political will toward the solution of water issues crete actions. and to add a political perspective to efforts of the participants of the 3rd World Water Forum The Government of Japan is grateful to the as well as the general public around the world. ministers, heads of international organiza- The Ministerial Conference was expected to tions and other representatives for their identify concrete actions to be taken by gov- valuable contributions to this conference, as ernments that have the primary responsibil- well as all those who have worked hard to ity for water resources management. make these possible behind the scenes.

Courtesy of NASDA

3 3 2 Overview

OVERVIEW

THE 3RD WORLD WATER FORUM At the closing ceremony of the Forum where His Imperial Highnesses the Crown The 3rd World Water Forum was held in Prince and Princes of Japan were present, Kyoto, Shiga, Osaka, three prefectures in the H.E. Mr. Koki Chuma, Senior Vice Minister Lake Biwa and Yodo River basin, the cradle of of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and the Japanese civilization, from the 16th to the Transport made a report of the Ministerial 23rd of March 2003. Over 24,000 people from Conference on behalf of the Government 183 countries and territories participated. of Japan, and H.E. Mr. Hashimoto and H.E. Dr. Abu-Zeid made concluding remarks. Final Report

Participants in the Forum discussed various aspects of water issues in 351 sessions. As a result, 33 thematic and 5 regional statements and recommendations were for- warded to the Ministerial Conference.

At the opening ceremony of the Forum, His PREPARATORY PROCESS Imperial Highness the Crown Prince of Japan delivered a memorial speech on the history of inland water navigation to and from Kyoto, following the opening remarks by H.E. Mr. Ryutaro Hashimoto, Chairman of the Steering Committee of the Forum and former Prime Minister of Japan and H.E. Dr. Mahmoud Abu-Zeid, President of the World Water Coun- cil and Minister of Water Resources and Irri- gation of Egypt. His Royal Highnesses Prince After the Kick-off Meeting for the Ministe- Moulay Rachid of the Kingdom of Morocco rial Conference on the occasion of the 3rd and the Prince of Orange of the Netherlands World Water Forum, held during the World extended words of greetings representing the Summit on Sustainable Development host countries of the 1st and 2nd World Water (WSSD) in Johannesburg in September Forums. A video message was sent by H.E. 2002. Informal Advisory Meetings were President Jacque Chirac of France to address held in November 2002 and January 2003 the Forum. to prepare for the Conference.

4 Overview 2

THEME OF THE Fostering Partnerships to Support MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE Ownership Final Report

The main theme of the Ministerial Con- Governments and other stakeholders should ference was "Addressing Water Issues seek to develop various equal partnerships to through Ownership and Partnership for solve water issues, based on the perception Sustainable Development." The theme that water management is not simply a gov- comprises 'Encouraging Governance and ernment matter but concerns all people, the Ownership of Water Management,' which recognition that sustainable development will is a key to sustainable development and not be achievable without addressing various a better quality of life, and 'Fostering development issues in a coordinated manner Partnerships to Support Ownership.' with a key focus on water, and the realization Progress with respect to the theme will that the members of the international commu- have positive effects on water strategies nity in the age of globalization are all the more of individual countries and for river dependent on each other, with water further- basins where appropriate; participation ing this interdependency. in water activities reinforced by role sharing with civil society and stakehold- The Ministers were invited to identify where ers; and water networking within the and how prioritization is needed, and what international community. kind of actions are advised, taking into account issues of governance, capacity building and This theme of the Ministerial Conference is financing, towards solving various water based on the following understanding: issues, from the following 5 aspects:

Encouraging Governance and Ownership ! Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation of Water Management ! Water for Food and Rural Development ! Water Pollution Prevention and Ecosystem A national government, of both developing Conservation and developed countries, having the basic ! Disaster Mitigation and Risk Management responsibility for water management, should seek to improve governance of ! Water Resources Management and Benefit water by strengthening ownership of water Sharing management.

Theme of the Ministerial Conference

Addressing Water Issues through Ownership and Partnership for Sustainable Development - Basic Concept -

Encouraging Governance and Ownership Fostering Partnerships of Water Management to Support Ownership - Possible Actions - - Possible Actions - ! Identify Problem ! Stakeholder Involvement ! Raise Awareness ! Sector-wide Approach ! Build Capacity ! Development Assistance ! Mobilize Financial Resources ! Technology Transfer ! Formulate Strategies - Issues for Discussion - ! International Networking !!SafeSafe Drinking Drinking Water Water and and Sanitation Sanitation !!WaterWater for for Food Food and and Rural Rural Development Development !!WaterWater Pollution Pollution Prevention Prevention and and Ecosystem Ecosystem Conservation Conservation !!DisasterDisaster Mitigation Mitigation and and Risk Risk Management Management !!WaterWater Resources Resources Management Management and and Benefit Benefit Sharing Sharing

5 5 2 Overview

SCHEDULE OF THE WEEK 16-23 MARCH 2003 FOR THE MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE AND RELATED EVENTS

Main Venue: Kyoto International Conference Hall (KICH) Sunday, 16 March 2003

09:30-10:30 Opening Ceremony of the 3rd World Water Forum

Wednesday, 19 March 2003

09:30-18:30 Senior Officials' Meeting

Thursday, 20 March 2003

09:30-18:30 Senior Officials' Meeting

Friday, 21 March 2003

09:30-17:00 Excursion for Ministers (Osaka, Shiga and Kyoto) 15:30-17:00 Dialogue between Forum Participants and Ministers (1st Round) 17:45-19:15 Dialogue between Forum Participants and Ministers (2nd Round)

Saturday, 22 March 2003

09:30-11:30 Ministerial Conference / Plenary Session 1 12:00-13:00 Ministerial Conference / Sub-Group Meetings / Segment 1 13:00-14:30 Lunch Final Report 14:30-16:30 Ministerial Conference / Sub-Group Meetings / Segment 2 17:00-18:30 Ministerial Conference / Sub-Group Meetings / Segment 3 19:00-20:00 Reception (hosted by the Government of Japan)

Sunday, 23 March 2003

09:30-12:00 Ministerial Conference / Plenary Session 2 12:30-13:30 Reception (hosted by the Kyoto Prefectural Government and the City of Kyoto) 14:00-15:00 Closing Ceremony of the 3rd World Water Forum

Bold: Ministerial Conference Normal: Related Events Italic: Forum Events

6 Overview 2

Programme of the Ministerial Conference

Saturday, 22 March 2003 Final Report

09:30 Plenary Session 1: Main Hall Chair: H.E. Ms. Chikage Oogi Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Japan Opening address by the Chair Message for the World Water Day H.E. Dr. Klaus Toepfer Executive Director, UNEP on behalf of the Secretary-General of the United Nations Keynote Speeches H.E. Mr. Shucheng Wang Minister of Water Resources, China H.E. Ms. Roseline Bachelot-Narquin Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development, France Mr. Koichiro Matsuura Director-General, UNESCO Reports from the 3rd World Water Forum H.E. Mr. Ryutaro Hashimoto Former Prime Minister of Japan Chairman, National Steering Committee of the 3rd World Water Forum H.E. Dr. Mahmoud Abu-Zeid Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation, Egypt President, World Water Council H.E. Mr. Mikhail Gorbachev President, Green Cross International Ms. Hilda Grace Coelho President, Centre for Rural Studies and Development Mr. Michel Camdessus Former Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund Announcement of the Portfolio of Water Actions 11:30 Coffee Break 12:00 Sub-Group Meetings / Segment 1*1 Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation: Room A Chair: H.E. Mr. Ronnie Kasrils Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa Water for Food and Rural Development: Room D Chair: Mr. Ian Johnson Vice President, World Bank, President of CGIAR Water Pollution Prevention and Ecosystem Conservation: Room B-1 Chair: H.E. Dr. Philippe Roch State Secretary for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, Switzerland Disaster Mitigation and Risk Management: Room B-2 Chair: H.E. Dr. Ir. Soenarno Minister of Settlements and Regional Infrastructure, Indonesia Water Resources Management and Benefit Sharing: Main Hall Chair: H.E. Mr. Arjun Charan Sethi Minister of Water Resources, India 13:00 Lunch 14:30 Sub-Group Meetings / Segment 2: ditto 16:30 Coffee Break 17:00 Sub-Group Meetings / Segment 3: ditto 18:30 Adjourn 19:00 Reception (hosted by the Government of Japan): SAKURA

Sunday, 23 March 2003

09:30 Plenary Session 2: Main Hall Chair: Mr. Ichiro Fujisaki Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs, Japan Sub-Group Meeting Reports (Sub-Group Chairs) Discussion Consideration and Adoption of the Ministerial Declaration Closing address by the Chair 12:00 Closing

*1 Segment 1 of the Sub-Group Meetings was open to the representatives of the Forum Participants.

7 7 2 Overview

FORUM AGENDA

March 2003 16 (Sunday) 17 (Monday) 18 (Tuesday) 19 (Wednesday) 20 (Thursday) 21 (Friday) 22 (Saturday) 23 (Sunday) Forum

Water and Climate Water and Climate Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Basin Water Supply, Sanitation, Water and Information Management Hygiene and Water Pollution

Water and Cultural Diversity Groundwater Water for Peace

Agriculture, Food and Water and Energy Environment Other Sessions (16-23) Water, Food and Environment Water and Poverty Issues Water, Education and Water, Nature and Environment Capacity Building

Water and Transport Financing Water Infrastructure

Water and Governance

Floods

Other Sessions (16-23)

Dams and Sustainable Topics Public Private Partnerships Development

World Water World Water Water, Life and Water and Assessment Actions Medical Care Parliamentarians Programme Special Ministerial programs Meeting on "Water for Final Report Food and Agriculture"

Water Journalist Panel CEO Panel Children's World Water Forum

Water Gender and Major Union Panel Development Water Panel groups Partners Panel

Youth World Science, Technology and Water Forum Management Panel

Middle East Asia and Regional Days Africa Americas and Europe Pacific Mediterranean

Opening Closing Ceremony Ceremony

Ceremonies Award Award Award 3rd Water (Kyoto) Ceremony for Ceremony for Ceremony for Forum King Hassan II Water Water Voices Memorial Great World Journalists messenger Forest (Shiga) Water Prize Competition Prize

Stakeholder On-site presentation and meeting space for participants Center

Kyoto Press Center

Press Center Osaka Press Room

Shiga Press Room

Osaka SHIGA Kyoto Welcome Welcome Welcome Welcome Concert & Welcome Party Reception- Reception Reception Reception in Traditional Party Party the evening Performing

Juvenile Social Program Symphony Hall "Lake,River, "Kassui Ryunyo" Ocean: Let's A traditional Noh Performance listen to the water from the orchestra"

Dialogue between Ministerial Conference Forum Participants Senior Officials' Meeting and Ministers Ministerial Conference Water Fair & Festival "Mizu-En"

Kyoto Kyoto Festival

Shiga Shiga Festival

Osaka Water Expo

Lake Biwa and the Yodo River Navigation Festival Basin Area

Basin-wide Events in the basin area Events

8 Overview 2

ENSURING INTERACTION WITH THE WORLD WATER FORUM Final Report Interaction between the 3rd World Water 5 Regional Days in the Forum were delivered Forum and the Ministerial Conference was to the Ministerial Conference. Third, the Dia- ensured through various means. First, the logue between Forum Participants, and Min- World Water Actions, mainly prepared by isters and the heads of international the Water Action Unit of the World Water organizations was organized prior to the Council, was reported to the Ministerial Con- Ministerial Conference. The Dialogue ference. Second, the Thematic Statements employed a brainstorming style to promote of coordinated sessions under the main 33 mutual understanding among participants. themes and the Regional Statements of the

Interaction between Forum and Ministerial Conference

Output of Forum Output of Ministerial Conference

World Water Actions Ministerial Declaration

Summary Forum Statement Portfolio of Water Actions

March 16 - 23March 19, 20 March 22, 23 Heads of State Forum Ministerial Conference Governments and Session International Organizations Senior World Water Officials’ Ministerial Academics Actions Meeting Conference

Private sector Thematic/Regional NGOs Statements

Citizens

Representatives of March 21 Ministers Forum participants Senior Officials Dialogue

"Collaborative spirit and synergy would be developed through the dialogue between the representatives from governments, international organizations, the private sector, NGOs, academics and citizens sector, NGOs, academics and citizens."

9 9 3 Outcomes

OUTCOMES

The Ministerial Conference provided a plat- PORTFOLIO OF WATER ACTIONS — form in the International Year of Freshwater TIME TO ACT— for strengthening and enhancing initiatives and cooperation on water, based on the In order to ensure that proposals submitted achievement at the WSSD. are implemented and followed up, the propos- als should must include details on: who, what, Two specific outcomes resulted from the when, where, why and how. These concrete Ministerial Conference. One is the Ministe- details will help promote actions required on rial Declaration and the other is the Portfolio water at various levels. Countries and organi- of Water Actions. zations are expected to promote actions vol- untarily based on characteristics of each MINISTERIAL DECLARATION region. The Portfolio of Water Actions, announced in the Ministerial Conference, is a The ministers and heads of international compilation of concrete action plans submit- organizations who participated in the Ministe- ted voluntarily by a government or interna- rial Conference, summarized the conclusion tional organization either individually or of their discussions and adopted the points of collectively with its partners. The Portfolio of Final Report common understanding in the form of the Water Actions is intended to continuously Ministerial Declaration. This Declaration encourage governments and international which links up the WSSD Plan of Implemen- organizations to take voluntary concrete tation will guide the efforts of the interna- actions to address water issues, to strengthen tional community to implement actions on political momentum to do so and encourage water. Additional views expressed in relation partnerships among various stakeholders for to the Ministerial Declaration are also this purpose. It is expected that such a process included in this Final Report. will invite more actions on water than those already under way or planned, and facilitate the achievement of such international goals as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the WSSD Plan of Implementation, as well as Type II Partnerships. To follow up the Port- folio of Water Actions and promote implemen- tation of each action plan contained therein, it was agreed in the Ministerial Declaration to establish a new network of websites.

10 Outcomes 3

Ministerial Declaration Final Report — MESSAGE FROM THE LAKE BIWA AND YODO RIVER BASIN — 23 March 2003

We, the Ministers and Heads of Delegation, on household and neighborhood com- assembled in Kyoto, Japan on 22-23 March munity-based approaches by address- 2003, on the occasion of the 3rd World Water ing equity in sharing benefits, with due Forum. Building upon the outcomes of the regard to pro-poor and gender perspec- Monterrey Conference on Financing for Devel- tives in water policies. We should fur- opment, the World Summit on Sustainable ther promote the participation of all Development (WSSD), and the United Nations stakeholders, and ensure transparency Secretary General's Water, Energy, Health, and accountability in all actions. Agriculture and Biodiversity (WEHAB) initia- tive as well as other water-related events, we 4. We are committed, in the long term, to assert our common resolve to implement the fortify the capacity of the people and insti- appropriate recommendations in order to tutions with technical and other assistance achieve the internationally agreed targets and from the international community. This goals including the United Nations Millennium must include, among others, their ability Development Goals (MDGs). to measure and monitor performance, to share innovative approaches, best prac- tices, information, knowledge and experi- Taking note of the thematic and regional state- ences relevant to local conditions. ments and recommendations from the 3rd World Water Forum, we declare the following: 5. Addressing the financial needs is a task for all of us. We must act to create an General Policy environment conducive to facilitating investment. We should identify priorities 1. Water is a driving force for sustainable on water issues and reflect them accord- development including environmental ingly in our national development plans/ integrity, and the eradication of poverty sustainable development strategies and hunger, indispensable for human including Poverty Reduction Strategy health and welfare. Prioritizing water Papers (PRSPs). Funds should be raised issues is an urgent global requirement. by adopting cost recovery approaches Each country has the primary responsi- which suit local climatic, environmental bility to act. The international commu- and social conditions and the "polluter- nity as well as international and regional pays" principle, with due consideration to organizations should support this. the poor. All sources of financing, both Empowerment of local authorities and public and private, national and interna- communities should be promoted by tional, must be mobilized and used in the governments with due regard to the most efficient and effective way. We take poor and gender. note of the report of the World Panel on Financing Water Infrastructure. 2. Whilst efforts being undertaken so far on water resources development 6. We should explore the full range of and management should be contin- financing arrangements including pri- ued and strengthened, we recognize vate sector participation in line with our that good governance, capacity build- national policies and priorities. We will ing and financing are of the utmost identify and develop new mechanisms importance to succeed in our efforts. of public-private partnerships for the In this context, we will promote inte- different actors involved, while ensur- grated water resources management. ing the necessary public control and legal frameworks to protect the public 3. In managing water, we should ensure interests, with a particular emphasis on good governance with a stronger focus protecting the interests of the poor. 11 11 3 Outcomes

7. As water situations differ from region Water Resources Management to region, we will support established and Benefit Sharing regional and sub-regional efforts such as the vision of the African Ministers' 10. As we aim to develop integrated water 2 Council on Water* (AMCOW) to facili- resources management and water effi- tate the New Partnership for Africa's ciency plans by 2005, we will assist Development (NEPAD) and the Central developing countries, particularly the American Integration System (SICA), least developed countries, and coun- and the implementation of the program tries with economies in transition, by of action in favor of Least Developed providing tools and further required Countries (LDCs). Recognizing the assistance. In this context, among oth- uniquely fragile nature of water ers, we encourage regional develop- resources in small island developing ment banks to take a facilitating role. To states, we support specific programs of this end, we invite all stakeholders, collaboration such as the Caribbean including private donors and civil soci- Pacific Joint Program for Action on ety organizations, concerned to partici- Water and Climate in Small Island pate in this process. Countries. 11. Recognizing that cooperation between Final Report 8. We reaffirm the necessity for countries to riparian states on transboundary and/or better coordinate monitoring and assess- boundary watercourses contributes to ment systems at local, basin and national sustainable water management and levels, with development of relevant mutual benefits, we encourage all those national indicators where appropriate. states to promote such cooperation. We call upon the United Nations, inter alia through the Commission on Sustain- 12. We will further encourage scientific able Development, to take a leading role research on predicting and monitoring and cooperate with other organizations the global water cycle, including the involved in the water sector to work in a effect of climate change, and develop transparent and cooperative way. We information systems that will enable the welcome the willingness of the Organiza- sharing of such valuable data worldwide. tion for Economic Cooperation and Development and other organizations to 13. We will promote measures for reducing periodically inform the international com- losses from distribution systems and munity of aid activities in water-related other water demand management mea- areas. Ways to track progress on water sures as a cost-effective way of meeting issues may be usefully explored on the demand. basis of existing facilities and relying upon information from countries and rel- 14. We will endeavor to develop and evant UN agencies, regional develop- deploy non-conventional water ment banks and other stakeholders, resources by promoting innovative and including civil society organizations. environmentally sound technologies, such as the desalination of seawater, 9. We welcome the proposal to establish a water recycling and water harvesting. new network of websites to follow up the Portfolio of Water Actions that will publi- 15. We recognize the role of hydropower as cize actions planned and taken on water- one of the renewable and clean energy related issues by countries and interna- sources, and that its potential should be tional organizations in order to share realized in an environmentally sustain- information and promote cooperation. able and socially equitable manner.

*2 It has been confirmed by Nigeria which proposed this reference and other countries which supported this, that AMCOW stands for the African Ministers' Council on Water, and not the African Ministerial Conference, as contained in the draft Ministerial Declaration.

12 Outcomes 3

Safe Drinking Water and ing that a diverse array of agricultural practices and agricultural economies

Sanitation Final Report has evolved in the world, we should 16. Achieving the target established in the make every effort to reduce unsustain- MDGs to halve the proportion of people able water management and improve without access to safe drinking water by the efficiency of agricultural water use. 2015 and that established in the Plan of Implementation of the WSSD to halve 20. Through effective and equitable water the proportion of people without access use and management, and extending to basic sanitation by 2015 requires an irrigation in areas of need, we will pro- enormous amount of investment in mote neighborhood community based water supply and sanitation. We call on development, which should result in each country to develop strategies to income-generating activities and oppor- achieve these objectives. We will redou- tunities and contribute to poverty eradi- ble our collective efforts to mobilize cation in rural areas. financial and technical resources, both public and private. 21. We encourage innovative and strategic investment, research and development 17. We will address water supply and sani- and international cooperation for the tation in urban and rural areas in ways progressive improvement of agricul- suitable for the respective local condi- tural water management, by such tions and management capacities, with a means as demand-driven management view to achieving short-term improve- including participatory irrigation man- ment of water and sanitation services as agement, rehabilitation and moderniza- well as cost-effective infrastructure tion of existing water facilities, water- investments and sound management harvesting, water-saving/drought-resis- and maintenance over time. In so doing, tant crop varieties, water storage and we will enhance poor people's access to dissemination of agricultural best prac- safe drinking water and sanitation. tices.

18. While basic hygiene practices starting 22. Inland fisheries being a major source of from hand washing at the household food, freshwater fish production should level should be encouraged, intensified be addressed through intensified efforts efforts should also be launched to pro- to improve water quality and quantity in mote technical breakthroughs, especially rivers and protection or restoration of the development and practical applica- breeding areas. tions of efficient and low-cost technolo- gies tailored to daily life for the provision Water Pollution Prevention and of safe drinking water and basic sanita- Ecosystem Conservation tion. We encourage studies for innova- tive technologies to be locally owned. 23. We recognize the need to intensify water pollution prevention in order to Water for Food and Rural reduce hazards to health and the envi- Development ronment and to protect ecosystems, including control of invasive species. 19. Water is essential for broad based agri- We recognize traditional water knowl- cultural production and rural develop- edge and will promote the awareness of ment in order to improve food security positive and negative impacts of human and eradicate poverty. It should contin- activities on watersheds for the entire uously contribute to a variety of roles water cycle through public information including food production, economic and education, including for children, in growth and environmental sustainabil- order to avoid pollution and unsustain- ity. We are concerned with increasing able use of water resources. pressure on the limited fresh water resources and on the environment. Not- 13 13 3 Outcomes

24. To ensure a sustainable water supply of good quality, we should protect and use in a sustainable manner the ecosystems that naturally capture, filter, store, and release water, such as rivers, wetlands, forests, and soils.

25. We urge countries to review and, when necessary, to establish appropriate leg- islative frameworks for the protection and sustainable use of water resources and for water pollution prevention.

26. In view of the rapid degradation of watersheds and forests, we will concen- trate our efforts to combat deforesta- tion, desertification and land degradation through programs to pro- mote greening, sustainable forest man- Final Report agement, the restoration of degraded lands and wetlands, and the conserva- tion of biodiversity.

Disaster Mitigation and Risk Management

27. The growing severity of the impacts of floods and droughts highlights the need for a comprehensive approach that includes strengthened structural mea- sures such as reservoirs and dikes and also non-structural measures such as land-use regulation and guidance, disaster forecasting and warning sys- tems and national risk management systems, in harmony with the environ- ment and different water uses, includ- ing inland waterway navigation.

28. We will cooperate to minimize damage caused by disasters through enhancing the sharing and exchange, where appro- priate, of data, information, knowledge and experiences at the international level. We encourage the continuation of collab- oration between scientists, water manag- ers, and relevant stakeholders to reduce vulnerability and make the best predic- tion and forecasting tools available to water managers.

29. Finally, we thank the Government and people of Japan for hosting this Minis- terial Conference and the Forum.

14 Outcomes 3

Summary of Discussion of the Draft Ministerial Declaration in the Plenary Session Final Report

GREECE on behalf of the EU The fact that we are here gathered soon after Johannesburg should be used in order to reaf- With the beginning of the military conflict, firm our commitment to make things happen. we are faced with a new situation. Our hope is that the conflict will end with the The contribution of the Government of minimum loss of human life and suffering. Japan in raising global awareness on We urgently need to address the major water issues and providing a forum for a humanitarian needs that will arise from the wide dialogue between different stake- conflict. holders through the realization of the 3rd World Water Forum has been crucial. Water is central to sustainable develop- ment, health and well-being, peace and The EU has approached the water issues security. That's why, within the framework since the establishment of its environmen- of an ecosystem-based approach to water tal policy. In earlier years considerable resources management, we will focus our improvement was obtained in the area of efforts on poverty reduction, through wastewater treatment and reduction of access to safe drinking water and basic pollution. Recently a more comprehensive sanitation, food security, the development approach for integrated water basin man- of mechanisms to cope with climate agement was introduced. change and variability, flood, droughts and mitigation of disasters. The EU water initiative "Water for Life," has been launched in Johannesburg, and seeks Addressing water problems requires com- to make progress in poverty eradication and prehensive and coordinated actions, health, in the enhancement of livelihoods, including developing effective gover- raising awareness and participation, pro- nance, building capacity, changing of moting technology transfer, capacity build- unsustainable production of consumption ing and education in general, creating an patterns, national target setting and mobi- enabling environment for sustainable devel- lizing financial resources. opment, peace and security...

In order to mobilize resources in the most The EU welcomes the outcomes of the 3rd efficient and effective way, we will seek part- World Water Forum as well as the World nerships among public and private sectors, Water Development Report and expects ensure public control and legal frameworks that the results of the Ministerial Confer- to protect the public interest. We will pro- ence as well as the thematic and regional mote the participation of all stakeholders at statements will constitute an important all levels as well as transparency, account- stepping-stone for promoting water ability and empowerment of women in actions. Further, it will provide valuable water management. A gender perspective input to the ongoing preparations for the should permeate all actions. coming sessions of the Commission on Sustainable Development. These elements were raised by the EU during the preparatory meetings and by many Min- The EU is committed in keeping the water isters in the Sub-Group Meetings, but not all issue at the top of our priorities as a prereq- are reflected in the proposed Declaration. uisite for sustainable development and good health of the present and future generations. The challenges for the water sector have been highlighted in many for a at interna- Let me thank the Government and people of tional, regional, national and local levels. Japan for generously hosting this Conference.

15 15 3 Outcomes

Bangladesh Ethiopia

We believe that perhaps a small committee is We talked a lot here, but the Forum is not required in regard to paragraph 11. The first only for discussing; let us move from talk line should read, "Recognizing that interna- to action. tional cooperation on transboundary water management and benefit sharing will contrib- Panama ute to peace and security, we will encourage all measures to promote such cooperation." The region of Central America has read through and studied the Ministerial Decla- Lesotho ration and we agree it covers the most important concerns of the world, espe- I have three points to make. The first is, in cially Central America, nonetheless, and I the draft of the Declaration, in the 7th para- speak on behalf of the entire Central Amer- graph, the 3rd line, AMCOW stands for the ican region, we feel the draft should African Ministers' Council on Water, not include something that has been men- the "Conference." tioned numerous times: the diverse cul- tures around the planet have respected The second point is of a general nature. water in various ways. However, water is Final Report We are Ministers and this is our Declara- not always viewed as a fundamental right. tion, which I hope we are going to adopt in Five fundamental aspects that should be a few minutes. But in this draft we sound included in the Declaration were men- very tentative and unsure and halfhearted. tioned the other day, and one is that water I come to the word "should." We men- is a basic human right. I think we all agree tioned it at least 6 times in 6 pages, I about this, and because we need a new thought we should be able to say, "we global water culture, and we need to will," or "we are going to." We have change the behavior of society worldwide, another word, "must," where we should we need to shoulder our responsibilities at say "will," or "welcome" where we should the national, regional and local levels, say "endorse." I think anywhere where we especially in regard to protecting the rights said, "should," we should say "we will." of future generations and the poor.

Another general comment is about the So in para 1 of the draft, where we talk importance of some parts of the world, such about reaching local and international as Africa, regarding storing water. We need goals, there is a reference to the Millen- to be very forthright about the need to store nium Declaration of the UN and a "new water, and the best way to store water is to water culture," which recognizes that build dams. We should be environmentally water is a fundamental human right, and responsible, but it is absolutely necessary which recognizes that we need to shoulder that we store water. our responsibilities of the right to water for future generations and the poor. Switzerland Marshall Islands The draft declaration provides good basis for the goals set in the MD and the Johan- Like the others, we fully endorse the pro- nesburg plan of implementation. We posed text, but were hoping that more accept the Declaration as it is; however, stronger language would have come under Switzerland would like it to be a stronger paragraph 2 on climate change, more defi- text. Switzerland is committed to taking nite language on the sea level rise in that concrete actions. paragraph. Particularly concerning the Marshall Islands. We are low laying atolls, Croatia and it is a concern.

I would like to express Croatia's support for the EU statement. 16 Outcomes 3

India Chair Final Report I want to comment on paragraph 11. There are still many other Delegations I strongly recommend the deletion of this requesting the floor. We will include all paragraph because of sharp differences in comments forwarded to us by tonight in the SOM on the need for this paragraph. I the Final Report of this Ministerial Confer- would recommend that it be reconsidered ence. With this understanding may I pro- whether there is a necessity and justifica- pose to adopt the draft Ministerial tion for having this paragraph. Many coun- Declaration before you. tries of the world like India, China, Brazil, and Turkey were strongly against the (The floor erupts into thunderous applause) incorporation of this paragraph. I want to commend an exception of your general Thank you. The Ministerial Declaration has rule of appending comments rather than been adopted making changes and amendments because in this case there were sharp differences and this paragraph should represent a truthful statement of a consensus in the meeting. I want to comment on the need for dams, which has not been made in other contexts. The entire Declaration does not mention dams. It is not fair to omit this word. They will play an important role in developing water and making the avail- ability of water match the requirements of the future.

17 17 3 Outcomes

Statements on the Ministerial Declaration

(Documents either distributed in the Plenary These elements were raised by the European Session or forwarded in conjunction with Union during the preparatory meetings and by the intervention in the Plenary Session) many Ministers in the Sub-Group Meetings, but not all are reflected in the proposed Declaration. GREECE on behalf of the EU The challenges for the water sector have been I have the honour to speak on behalf of the highlighted in many fora at international, European Union. The Acceding Countries, regional, national and local level: the 2nd the Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, World Water Forum in The Hague in 2000, the Lithuania, the Republic of Poland, the Slo- Bonn International Conference on Freshwater vak Republic and Slovenia declare that in 2001, The World Summit on Sustainable they align themselves with this statement. Development in Johannesburg in 2002.

With the beginning of the military conflict, The fact that we are here gathered soon we are faced with a new situation. Our hope after Johannesburg should be used in is that the conflict will end with the mini- order to reaffirm our commitments and mum loss of human life and suffering. We make things happen. Final Report urgently need to address the major humani- tarian needs that will arise from the conflict. The considerable contribution of the Gov- ernment of Japan in raising global aware- Water is central to sustainable development, ness on water issues and providing a forum health and well being, peace and security. for a wide dialogue between different stake- That is why, within the framework of an eco- holders through the realisation of the 3rd system-based approach to water resources World Water Forum has been crucial. management, we will focus our efforts on poverty reduction. This will be achieved The EU has also been engaged in the through the enhancement of poor peoples' deliberations of the 3rd World Water access to safe drinking water and basic sani- Forum and organised in collaboration with tation, food security, the development of other partners the Regional Day of Europe. mechanisms to cope with climate variability Its Member States were also instrumental and climate change, floods, droughts and in numerous sessions of the Forum. The mitigation of disasters. recommendations of the Thematic Ses- sions and Regional Days of the Forum will Addressing water problems requires com- be seriously considered and taken into prehensive and coordinated actions, account in our steps for achieving the Mil- including developing effective gover- lennium Development Goals (MDGs) and nance, building capacity, changing of relevant WSSD targets. We will study the unsustainable production and consump- Report of the World Panel on Financing tion patterns, national target setting and Water Infrastructure. mobilising financial resources. The European Union has approached the In order to mobilise resources in the most water issues since the establishment of its efficient and effective way, we will seek part- environmental policy. In earlier years con- nerships among public and private sectors, siderable improvement was obtained in the ensure public control and legal frameworks area of wastewater treatment and reduction to protect the public interest. We will pro- of pollution. Recently a more comprehen- mote the participation of all stakeholders at sive approach for integrated river basin all levels as well as transparency, account- management was introduced through the ability and the empowerment of women in Water Framework Directive (WFD). Common water management. A gender perspective approaches for the prevention of flood should permeate all actions. events and for mitigating flood damage are currently being developed.

18 Outcomes 3

The Directive establishes a strategic frame- an enabling environment for sustainable work for protecting and managing water development, peace and security. The Ini- Final Report resources, aiming at maintaining "high sta- tiative builds on a number of strategic tus" waters, where they exist, preventing partnerships. The first priority regions for any deterioration in the existing status of the development of water projects on waters and achieving at least "good status" IWRM and safe water and sanitation are in all waters by 2015. The Directive sets Africa and the EECCA — on which joint out the biological criteria to be used when Ministerial Declarations have already been defining water quality and outlines an inte- signed during the WSSD — followed by grated approach to river basin manage- the Mediterranean and, more recently, by ment with a set of measures that are Latin America. implemented with the involvement of all interested parties. The Directive represents The EU spends close to 1.5 billion euros a fundamental reform of the EU water leg- per year on water resources development islation making integrated river basin plan- and management projects in developing ning and management compulsory for countries and we hope that other donors Member States, as well as for EU Candi- will follow suit. date countries, at national as well as on transboundary river basin level. The type II partnerships and the related Portfolio of Water Actions (PWA) should The concept and operational structure of further assist in reaching the international the Water Framework Directive may agreed goals and targets. The EU wishes inspire others and elements of its imple- to stress the importance of ensuring that mentation process may serve as an exam- the Portfolio of Water Actions (PWA) will ple by countries with similar concerns. link into the related UN processes. This approach was the focus of one of the themes of the Regional Day of Europe and The EU welcomes the outcomes of the 3rd will be addressed in detail during the World Water Forum as well as the World Water Week, co-organised by the Greek Water Development Report and expects that Presidency and the EU Commission, on 17- the results of the Ministerial Conference as 20 June 2003, in Athens. well as the thematic and regional statements will constitute an important stepping-stone Over the last two years, ambitious but for promoting water actions. Further, it will needed targets for water issues have been provide valuable input to the ongoing prepa- set and important agreements have been rations for the coming sessions of the Com- achieved. The relevant commitments mission on Sustainable Development as made by the EU at the World Summit on well as to the implementation of the water Sustainable Development and those related type II partnership initiatives included in the Millennium Development launched in Johannesburg. Goals should be followed up by achieving: a) the target for the development of Last but not least, emphasis should be laid national integrated water resources man- on the joint benefits from shared water agement and water efficiency plans by resources as a catalyst for peace and secu- 2005, and rity. In this context we will organise jointly b) the water and sanitation targets to be with the World Bank a major International reached by 2015. Conference on "Sustainable Development for Lasting Peace: Shared Water, Shared To this end, the EU Water Initiative "Water Future, Shared Knowledge", on May 6-7 for Life" has been launched in Johannes- 2003, in Athens, Greece. burg. The Initiative seeks to make signifi- cant progress in poverty eradication and The EU is committed in keeping the water health, in the enhancement of livelihoods, issue at the top of our priorities as a pre- raising awareness and participation, pro- requisite for sustainable development and moting technology transfer, capacity build- good health of the present and the future ing and education and in general, creating generations. 19 19 3 Outcomes

ANNEX — urging other Parties, in particular the Russian Federation, to ratify the Kyoto Presidency Conclusions on the external Protocol, so as to permit its timely entry dimension of sustainable development, into force; agreed at the Summit of Head of State and — strengthening international environ- Government of the European Union's Mem- mental governance, which could lead to ber States — Brussels, 20-21 March 2003 the upgrading of UNEP into a special- "Promoting sustainable development ised UN agency with a broadly-based on a global scale" mandate on environmental matters."

Bearing in mind the need for overall coher- PANAMA ence between its internal and external poli- cies, the European Council underlines that CULTURA DEL AGUA the Union is actively committed to keep its leading role in promoting sustainable devel- ...y una NUEVA CULTURA MUNDIAL DEL opment on a global scale by translating into AGUA, que modifique actitudes, conciencia concrete actions the political ambitions y comportamientos en todos los niveles de agreed at in Johannesburg, Doha and las sociedades del mundo, basado en que el Final Report Monterrey along the following linesensuring agua como elemento fundamental de vida effective follow-up to the new goals and tar- es un derecho humano y, como tal, exige gets agreed in Johannesburg on water and responsabilidades globales, regionales y sanitation, the protection of the marine envi- locales, especialmente para cpn los pobres y ronment, depleted fish stock, chemicals and las futuras generaciones. natural resources, including forests and biodiversity; Añadir en primer párrafo al final. — ensuring effective follow-up to the com- mitment made in Monterrey on the real- (Translated by Secretariat) isation of the 0,7% target for ODA; Water Culture — enhancement of corporate social and "...Inasmuch as water is, as a fundamental environmental responsibility both at EU constituent element of life, a human right, level and internationally; means of pro- we face a demand for a new worldwide moting sustainable and fair trade, nota- water culture that can correct attitudes, bly through developing incentives to awareness, and actions at all levels of soci- trade in sustainably produced goods ety around the world and, in a form suited to this new culture, worldwide, regional, and encouraging export credits consis- and local responsibility for the poor and tent with sustainable development; the future world in particular. — further development and implementa- tion of the Union's "Water for Life" and The above sentence will be added to the "Energy for Poverty Eradication and end of paragraph 1. Sustainable Development" initiatives; — contributing to the development of regional sustainable development strat- egies, building for example on the expe- rience gained in the context of the EUROMED process; — timely elaboration at both international and EU level of the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable con- sumption and production, on which the EU should take the lead; 20 Outcomes 3

INDIA 2. After "and gender perspectives" in para- graph 3, "and respect for the rights of Final Report 1. Para 11 — This paragraph needs to be aboriginal peoples in the framework of deleted because it does not reflect con- international cooperation" will be added. sensus. In fact, major countries of the Clear statements concerning the rights of world such as India, China, Brazil, Turkey aboriginal people is a designated item etc. were in favour of deletion of this that has been persistently made by the paragraph. countries of Latin America. 2. There is no mention of the word "Dam" in 3. In paragraph 5, the final sentence con- the entire text of the declaration. Dams cerning the "report... on Financing Water are very important for fulfilling present Infrastructure" will be omitted. This is and future needs of agriculture, drinking because this section has been declined water, floods and droughts, specially for by NGO groups and forums. Our nation the developing countries. Therefore this has a duty to pay attention to the public word "Dam" should find a mention in this and its declarations. text (MC Declaration) as a important 4. And the '"polluter-pays" principle' in means of water development. paragraph 5 should first put priority on pointing out that, "efforts shall be made ECUADOR to prevent pollution," and must be fol- lowed by a framework for fairly applying 1. En el párrafo numerado con el Nº 1 se this principle. debería señalar que: “El agua es un bien natural y social de utilidad pública. El (Documents forwarded after the con- acceso al agua es un derecho humano clusion of the Plenary Session) fundamental y de los pueblos y sociedades.” BELGIUM 2. En el numeral 3, a continuación de la Perspectiva de Género, añadir: “y respeto Au nom de mon pays, la Belgique, je a los derechos humanos de los pueblos voudrais réaffirmer ici que, pour nous, l’eau – indígenas en el marco de las convenciones en tant que ressource naturelle limitée – doit internacionales”. La expresa mención a los être expressément reconnue en tant que bien derechos de los pueblos indígenas ha sido public fondamental pour la vie et la santé. un señalamiento insistente de varios países latinoamericanos. A ce titre, et en prolongement normal des 3. En el numeral 5 excluir la última frase objectifs définis a Johannesburg, en referente al Reporte sobre septembre 2002, pour une politique du Financiamiento de Infraestructura de développement durable, nous insistons pour Agua, ya que éste fue rechazado por las que l’approvisionnement en eau potable soit ONG's y el FORO. Los Estados tenemos un service public considéré comme tel dans la obligación de escuchar a la sociedad chaque Etat. civil y sus expresiones. 4. En el mismo numeral 5, el principio de que En tant que membre de l’Union européenne, “EL QUE CONTAMINA, PAGA.” debería ser au même titre que nos partenaires, nous precedido por el señalamiento de que se nous sentons très concernes par le lien fort harán esfuerzos para prevenir la qu’il faut établir entre les politiques de l’eau contaminación y, luego, señalar que la et de l’air (des climats) en vue d’ assurer une aplicación de este principio debe lutte efficace contre les inondations et les enmarcarse en la equidad. sécheresses. Il est sana doute opportun de rappeler ici la comparibilité qui doit exister (Translated by Secretariat) entre la déclaration de Kyoto de ce jour et le 1. In paragraph 1, "Water is a natural and protocole de Kyoto sur la qualité de l’air. public asset through its common use. Water use is a basic human right and the La Belgique est particulièrement attentive au property of residents and society." partenariat dans le domaine de l’eau avec should be indicated. les pays en développement. C’est dans ce 21 21 3 Outcomes

cadre que notre aide au développement a under the aegis of UNESCO to establish a été accrue en vue de contribuer de manière permanent assessment of the quality of significative a l’atteinte des objectifs de water in the world. However, we stress the développement du millénaire, en général, et need to enhance and ratify the criteria and ceux relatifs à l’accès à l’eau et aux services the indicators retained in the World Water d’assainissement de base, en particulier. Development Report in collaboration with all interested parties. Pour conclure, j’ajouterai que la Belgique se réjouit de la collaboration qui anime les GABON Agences des Nations Unies, sous l’égide de l’UNESCO, pour établir une évaluation Propositions d’Amendements à la permanente de l’état qualitatif de l’eau dans Déclaration Ministérielle Paragraphe 5, 6 et 7. le monde. Nous insistons cependant pour qu’a l’avenir, les critères et indicateurs a. Argumentaire retenus dans le World Water Development Les paragraphes 5 et 6 abordent les Report soient améliores et valides, en questions de financement des collaboration avec toutes les parties. infrastructures et autres et projects liés à l’eau. A cet effet, nous pouvons nous (Translated by Secretariat) féliciter de retrouver dans nos Final Report On behalf of my country, Belgium, I would recommandations que: «Résoudre les like to reassert here that for us, water — as a questions de financements est une tache qui limited natural resource — must be recog- nous incombe à tous» ceci montre non nized as a basic public asset necessary for seulement l’esprit de solidaroté qui doit y life and health. For this reason, and as a nat- être à la base, mais aussi notre besoin ural consequence of the objectives defined d’innover, de sortir des sentiers battus et de in Johannesburg in September 2002 as a rechercher de nouveaux axes de sustainable development policy, we empha- financement projets hydrauliques et de size that drinking water supply should be a protection de nos écosystèmes qui soient public service and considered as such in réalistes, solidaires et immédiatement every nation. applicables. C’est pourquoi je voudrais au nom de la délégation gabonaise faire la As a member of the European Union and for proposition suivante: the same reasons as our partners, we feel very involved and concerned by the strong tie b. Proposition we must establish between water policy and Retirer la dernière phrase du paragraphe 5 qui air policy (climate policy) in order to ensure dit que « nous prenons acte du rapport du efficient protection from floods and droughts. Panel mondial sur les infrastructures de l’eau » It's surely time to remember here the et la mettre à la fin du paragraphe 6 avec required and essential compatibility between cependant proposition d’amendement, pour the Kyoto Declaration made today and the avoir une phrase qui dirait finalement ceci Kyoto Protocol concerning the quality of air. après la phrase se terminant par ... avec un accent particulier sur la protection des intérêts Belgium is paying special attention to the des pauvres. « Dans ce contexte, nous partnership with developing countries con- prenons note du rapport du panel mondial de cerning water. It is in this framework that our l’eau sur le financement des infrastructures et development assistance has been increased nous nous engageons à étudier les in order to contribute significantly to reach- propositions pertinentes qu’il contient ». ing our development targets and goals for this millenary in general, and to those Paragraphe 7 related to access to water and basic sanita- Deux Propositions... tion services in particular. 1) A la ligne 3 du paragraphe 7 de la version anglaise après (AMCOW), nous proposons To conclude, I will add that Belgium is d’inciure la phrase suivante: «y compris les delighted to see how the agencies of the initiatives en cours relatives aux Bassins du United Nations are collaborating vigorously Congo» et le reste sans changement. 22 Outcomes 3

2) A la fin du paragraphe 7 nous proposons IJC (International Joint Commission) d’ajouter l’amendement suivant: «De plus, Final Report en tenant compte de la problématique de The Chairs of the International Joint Com- l’eau et du caractère unique des mission [of Canada and the United States] écosystèmes dans le Bassin du Congo, wish to offer a comment on paragraph 23 to deuxième poumon de la terre, nous the distinguished Ministers. We are pleased appuierons les efforts et initiatives en cours to see the reference to the control of inva- y afférents dans cette région particulière. sive species; however, contrary to the word- ing of the paragraph, water pollution (Translated by Secretariat) prevention and ecosystem conservation will Amendment proposals on paragraph 5, 6 not bring about control of invasive species and 7 of the Ministerial Declaration. generally. Instead, their introduction comes, for example, through residues from ballast a. Arguments water in ships coming from the oceans into Paragraphs 5 and 6 discuss financial out North American Great Lakes. arrangements for infrastructure and other projects related to water. To that purpose, Therefore, we propose inserting after the we are pleased to recognize in our recom- words "water pollution prevention" in the mendations that: '' Addressing the finan- second line of paragraph 23, the following cial needs is a task for all of us ''. These words: "... including the prevention of bio- words show not only our spirit of solidarity logical pollution by invasive species." which is basic, but also our need to inno- Then, delete the words: "including control vate, to wander of the beaten track to look of invasive species" in the third line for a new axis for the financing of hydrau- because with our first proposed changes, lic projects and the protection of our eco- these words become redundant. systems, and that new methods of financing should be realistic and interde- JAPAN pendent, show solidarity, and be immedi- ately applicable. For this reason, on the While the words "human security" which had behalf of the Gabonese delegation I would been proposed by Japan were replaced by like to make the following proposal: "human health and welfare" in paragraph 1 of the Ministerial Declaration, due to the con- b. Paragraph 7, Amendment proposal cern which some delegations had over the Move the last sentence of paragraph 5 to the word "security", in the view of the Delegation last part of paragraph 6 with a small addition of Japan, the concept of "human health and so that the full sentence will read as follows: welfare" is included in the concept of "human "We take note of the report of the World Panel security". Therefore, once the concern of on Financing of Water Infrastructure and will those some delegations will have dissipated, study its relevant recommendations". the words "human health and welfare" may be replaced by "human security". Paragraph 7 Two proposals... LEBANON 1) We propose to insert at line 3 after (AMCOW) the following sentence: "includ- During the pre-ministerial discussion on ing the ongoing initiatives in the Congo March 20th, 2003, paragraph 12 (note: cur- Basins" to facilitate the New Partnership rently paragraph 11) was strongly contro- for Africa's development ... countries. versed. It was decided to form small group or to reformulate the said Item. 2) At the end of paragraph 7, we wish to The result was that, after the 3 first words add following: "Moreover, taking into of the Item "Recognizing that cooperation account the Water problematic and the ..." the small group deleted the term uniqueness of ecosystems in the Congo "Where Possible" which reflects the situa- Basin, the second lung of the earth, we tion prevailing in our country, where any will support ongoing efforts and initia- cooperation is not possible before a just tives in that particular region. and lasting comprehensive peace. 23 23 3 Outcomes

It is to be noticed that the term "When Urbanized rural areas, and more communi- appropriate" was used in the Pamphlet ties form new villages. As a result of all this "Final Programme" of the "Ministerial Con- water demand increased at an alarming rate. ference" in the paragraph "Theme" "page 4" Saudi Arabia spend a lot of money to pro- talking about the "themes should enhance vide domestic water to people living any- water strategies for individual countries or where in the country, agricultural sector for river basin when appropriate ..." reached an advanced stage. The scarcity of On another hand the term "When appropri- conventional water resources is the major ate" was admitted in paragraph 29 in the challenge. Efforts have been made to utilize "sharing and exchange of data ..." renewable water resources by encouraging Therefore, we hope that paragraph 12 (note: the construction of dams to provide water currently paragraph 11) formulation will be for domestic and irrigation purposes. There reconsidered and our Delegation will not be are 206 dams with a storage capacity of 850 3 obliged to maintain its reservation. million m . Further efforts were made to reduce the withdrawal of non-renewable LITHUANIA groundwater. In Saudi Arabia, 90% of the population are provided with domestic Telling about recognizing cooperation water supplies whereas about 30-40% are between states (paragraph 11 of the Declara- covered with waste water facilities. To pro- Final Report tion) we have to point that regional coopera- vide more water to satisfy the increasing tion must be in local range considering the demand the Government looked to some countries with watercourses boundary and other water sources, namely non-conven- in large scale considering a cooperation of tional water. Saudi Arabia is the largest numbers of countries like European Union desalinated sea-water in the world, where 3 3 do in such big region as Europe. million m per day are produced for domes- tic use only and represents 50% of the total PAKISTAN domestic needs. Treated wastewater is another new source of water for irrigation. 3 Pakistan endorses the Declaration in There is 1.3 million m per day of treated entirely. We appreciate the inclusion of para wastewater, one third of such is used for 11 which is so instrumental in ensuring agriculture near cities. Plans are available to world peace and harmony. We would rather treat more wastewater and use it. Experi- suggest that the Forum to express its firm ments on using seawater for agriculture are resolve and commitment to honour the obli- taking place in the country. gation and right of countries as spelled out in various bilateral and multilateral treaties. Saudi Arabia recognizes the scarcity of water resources in its territory and is mak- SAUDI ARABIA ing all efforts to use the available resources in an efficient way through Moving from scarcity to water security in introducing public awareness campaigns Saudi Arabia and making water saving devices available in the Saudi market and through encourag- Saudi Arabia is among the most water ing farmers to use automated irrigation scarce countries in conventional water systems and selecting best cash crops with resources. During the past three decades, low water requirements. Protection of we have accomplished a remarkable devel- groundwater is a major target through opment in the social, economic, industrial implementation of rules and regulations and agricultural sectors. The lifestyle and which limit the number of new wells and the standard of living have developed. the depth. Protected areas were allocated to insure providing domestic water for The population growth rate is high - the pop- present and future generations. ulation jumped from 7.7 million people in 1974 to 20.6 million in 2000, and is expected Saudi Arabia established recently a new to reach 40 million in 2025. The Saudi cities Ministry for Water because the Government are expanding horizontally and vertically. gives water a top priority. A comprehensive 24 Outcomes 3

national water plan will be available within paid a special attention to this problem the next two years. This plan will deal with by the developed countries and the inter- Final Report all water resources and different uses in a national community". sustainable manner. A balance between 2. The President of the Republic of Tajiki- water supplies and demand is a key element stan- President of the International Fund in the plan. Water laws and legislation will for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS) Emomali be updated. Saudi Arabia encourages the Rahmonov, while making his speech dur- private sector to invest in water projects ing the 3rd World Water Forum, has pro- such as construction and desalination posed to announce "Decade of Fresh plants, dams, water distribution systems Water" beginning year 2005. and wastewater treatment plants. Public par- ticipation is a useful approach to ensure the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA successful decisions. At the close of the 3rd World Water Forum, Saudi Arabia is a part of the world commu- the Chairman indicated that written sub- nity and has its role to play to help the missions from delegations would be poor countries through the different aid accepted by the Government of Japan and programs. More than 3000 wells were treated as statements on the adoption of drilled and equipped to provide drinking the Declaration. Accordingly, the United water in some African countries. Dates as States would like to enter the following a national products distributed to the poor reservation and explain its position. countries as part of the World Food Pro- gram. Also more aid is provided to coun- "The United States reserves it position tries that suffer natural disasters such as with respect to references in the Ministe- floods and earthquakes. rial Declaration to the Millennium Develop- ment Goals (MDGs). The United States Saudi Arabia is looking for more coopera- supports the international development tion and coordination with other interna- goals in the U.N. Millennium Declaration, tional organizations and developed and believes that these goals are a shared countries in the field of capacity building, responsibility of developed and develop- training, data and experience exchange. ing countries. However, the so-called Mil- Technology transfer is one of the priority lennium Development Goals (MDG's) goals of the Government. As an aid country, represent a compilation of goals and tar- Saudi Arabia is looking forward for the gets, as well as a set of indicators, pro- breakthrough technology in desalination posed by the UN Secretary General. This and treatment of wastewater cost effective formulation goes beyond the UN Millen- as a main non conventional water resources. nium Declaration and is inconsistent with the agreed formulation that appears in the TAJIKISTAN Johannesburg Plan of Implementation."

1. As far as the problem of the Aral Sea cri- The United States requests that this reserva- ses is characterized as a global problem tion be included in the report of the 3rd therefore, it would be very important to World Water Forum. We would also request include the following statement into the that this reservation be footnoted in the final Declaration: "The disappearance of the text of the Ministerial Declaration. Aral Sea and aggravation of the socio- economic and ecological situation WHO (World Health Organization) throughout the Central Asian countries inhabited by more than 50 million people We congratulate the success of the Minis- make us think about the ecosystem of the terial Conference as well as the whole 3rd region that has also been aggravating in World Water Forum. We express our great- the last years. If the process will continue est admiration for your endeavor to the like this than it may result in ecosystem success. Since we are given chance to offi- changes in the neighbouring regions and cially comments on the Ministerial Decla- areas. For this reason, there should be ration, we submit ours as follows. We 25 25 3 Outcomes

appreciate that our comments are incorpo- four major goals related to water in rated into report documents of the Ministe- MDGs, goals on safe drinking water rial Conference. and basic sanitation were clearly endorsed with target years in MDGs Paragraph 1 and in the WSSD. Another two are child Insert "Right to water is now clearly recog- mortality on which water and sanitation nized as one of the human rights." after have great impact and Malaria, a major "...for human health and welfare." water-born-vector disease with a mil- Reason: International water communi- lion deaths every year. Improved health ties have been long seeking for the through the achievement of the four realization of right to water: The Gen- targets is the key to the development of eral Comments on Right to Water these vulnerable groups. Health adopted by UN Committee on Eco- together with targets on child health nomic, Social and Cultural Rights in and malaria should be clearly high- November 2002 is an epoch-making lighted Ministerial Declaration in the milestone to clarify meaning and nec- 3rd World Water Forum. essary measures to realize the right to water, and should be clearly referred in the Ministerial Declaration as the most Final Report recent development in water policy framework.

Paragraph 8 Insert "and WHO and UNICEF's willingness to continue Joint Monitoring Programme of drinking water and sanitation," after "...water-related areas." Reason: MDGs for water and sanitation are important consideration in the deliberation. A framework of indicator and ongoing reporting on status and trends is provided through the monitor- ing activities of WHO and UNICEF and that these are also recognized across UN system agencies and programmes and form basis of corresponding Secre- tary General's reports.

Paragraph 16 Replace "Achieving the goal" with "The goal". Insert "must be achieved. Together with them, target for 2015 to reduce under- five mortality by two-thirds and target for 2015 to reverse the incidence of malaria, another two major Millennium Declaration goals whose success depends on water, sanitation and environmental hygiene, should be attained. Achievement of these goals" after "...sanitation by 2015". Reason: Based on the development of the discussions at the 1st and 2nd World Water Forums, the Hague Decla- ration and WSSD, vulnerable group's health for development is the key when water issue is considered. Among the 26 Outcomes 3

Portfolio of Water Actions — Time to Act — Final Report

! As of 23 March 2003, a total of 501 (422, on 10 March 2003) actions were presented by 43 (36, as above) countries and 18 (16, on 10 March 2003) international organizations. ! Many actions are for "Water Resources Management and Benefit Sharing" and "Safe Drink- ing Water and Sanitation." ! Regionally, actions from Asia are more focused on "Water for Food and Rural Development" and "Disaster Mitigation and Risk Management" than other regions. ! European countries contributed many actions for "Water Resources Management and Benefit Sharing." ! African countries contributed many actions for "Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation." ! The composition of international organizations are similar to that of Europe.

Website: http://www.mlit.go.jp/tochimizushigen/mizei/wwf3

27 27 3 Outcomes

Chair's Summary of the Ministerial Conference

Ichiro Fujisaki Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs, Japan 23 March 2003

We have announced the Portfolio of Water Actions yesterday, and today we have just adopted the Ministerial Declaration.

Let me highlight some of the salient points Fifth, the humanitarian assistance related of the Conference. to water in Iraq. We heard yesterday from the Chairman of First, good governance from grassroots. the Forum, that the situation in Iraq requires Water is indispensable for human health and our special attention in relation to water. We welfare. We reaffirmed that in managing recognize the importance to help the Iraqi water, we should ensure good governance. people, including refugees, to have access to For this, capacity building as well as com- water and sanitation. Among others, rehabil- munity-based approach is important. itation of water facilities may be required. Final Report We should make our efforts to this end. Second, the Portfolio of Water Actions. One of the important measures to enhance Sixth, follow-up actions. cooperation in the field of water, is the The 5 Sub-Groups of this Ministerial Confer- Portfolio of Water Actions announced yes- ence discussed concrete suggestions, which terday. We received as many as 422 pro- are reflected in the Declaration just adopted. posals on concrete measures from 36 These should be followed up by a compre- countries and 16 international organiza- hensive approach applicable to such issues tions. This should not be a one-shot event. as safe water and sanitation, agriculture, In the Declaration, we have just adopted, environment, and disaster mitigation. Let us we have agreed to establish a website-net- keep the momentum gained here. Let us not work for its follow-up. As the chair country water it down. Let us fortify our efforts. of this conference, Japan will volunteer to organize and manage this network at the Six years ago, a stream from an oasis emerged initial stage in cooperation with the rele- in Marrakech, It extended to the Hague where vant international organizations. its flow gained further strength in 2000. Now, with your participation here, we are experienc- Third, financing. ing a very impressive flow. We know that we In order to meet the huge requirement, we still have to navigate rocks and falls in our long have to mobilize all means, both public journey. But we are sure that with our shared and private. But at the same time, we and strong determination, we will arrive at the should keep in mind PPI; Protection of sea. A great sea abundant of freshwater. Public Interest, and PIP; Protection of the Interests of the Poor. Ministers and Heads of Delegation, If I may, as the Chair, I will tell these points Fourth, civil society. as the highlights of this Ministerial Confer- Many of you have participated in the dia- ence at a press conference to be held right logue with the participants of the World after this meeting. Water Forum held the day before yester- Thank you very much for your valuable par- day. In order to move forward in water ticipation and contribution. Please enjoy issues, it is vital for the governments and your rest of your stay in this country. international organizations to work hand in hand with NGOs. The meeting is adjourned.

28 Opening Address by the Chair 4

OPENING ADDRESS BY THE CHAIR Final Report H.E. Ms. Chikage Oogi Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Japan 22 March 2003

Opening Address by the Chair

Even in the UN framework, the "AGENDA 21" adopted at the Earth Summit held in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, discussions on the water issue were initiated. At the Johannes- burg Summit held last year, water issues were a serious subject of discussions.

In the Plan of Implementation announced at this summit, that is the World Summit on Sustainable Development, a specific target was set to "halve the population of those without access to safe drinking water and sanitation by 2015." I would now like to open the Ministerial It is under these conditions, to consolidate Conference. My name is Chikage Oogi, I political will towards the solution of global am the Minister of Land, Infrastructure water issues, that this Ministerial Confer- and Transport and I will be serving as the ence is being held. By holding this confer- Chair of today's plenary session. ence from the 16th to the 23rd, on the occasion of the 3rd World Water Forum, Today, it is a great honor to have with us which is the largest global forum of its Ministers representing 170 countries and kind on water, we would like to give politi- representatives from 43 international organi- cal prospects to the efforts of Forum par- zations to participate in the Ministerial Con- ticipants and others involved in various ference hosted in the city of Kyoto. efforts.

In hosting this conference I would like to In preparation of this conference we held thank all of you gathered here once again a Kick-Off Meeting last September and and welcome you on behalf of the Govern- two Informal Advisory Meetings. Also, ment of Japan. immediately before this conference, we held a thorough Senior Official-Level In the year 2000, the global population sur- Meeting and yesterday we hosted a "Dia- passed the 6 billion mark. In 2025 the global logue between Forum Participants and population is estimated to reach roughly 8 Ministers" as one of the first opportunities billion. Under these circumstances securing for various stakeholders involved in glo- drinking water and food as well as obtaining bal water issues to directly speak with water to secure food is one of the major Ministers. problems faced by the world. As the highlight of this event, we are host- Also, it is recognized that water is a key to ing the Ministerial Conference over two sustainable development as various parts of days, starting today. Through this Confer- the world experience serious episodes of ence we would like to clarify the specific water shortage, water pollution and serious actions to be taken by government and flooding among other issues. Additionally, also search for optimal solutions regarding water and poverty are two issues that can- the management of water. not be divorced from each other.

29 29 4 Opening Address by the Chair

One of the outcomes of this Ministerial Con- The 3rd World Water Forum is being staged ference, we have decided to compile volun- in the Lake Biwa and Yodo River Basin tary actions submitted by countries and including Kyoto, where we are, as well as international organizations, either indepen- Shiga and Osaka. This basin has prospered dently or in partnership with others to form with water since ancient times in Japan and the "Portfolio of Water Actions." This will be is one of the most advanced regions for introduced later. water usage even to this day.

Additionally, in this conference we would like I feel that it is indeed profound that were are to discuss actions that should be undertaken given this opportunity to spread the fruits of by various governments and international this Ministerial Conference to the world from organizations or through the division of the Lake Biwa and Yodo River Basin. responsibilities or coordination with citizens and NGOs from the perspective of 5 themes. Finally, I would like to thank all the represen- tatives from various countries and interna- These 5 themes are: tional organizations as well as all those ! Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation involved in hosting this conference. ! Water for Food and Rural Development ! Water Pollution Prevention and Ecosystem Thank you. Final Report Conservation

! Disaster Mitigation and Risk Management ! Water Resources Management and Benefit Sharing

And these 5 themes will be discussed indi- vidually in 5 parallel Sub-Group meetings.

Also, in accordance with these discussions we will produce a "Ministerial Declaration" tomorrow as our common understanding toward the solution of global water issues.

In our country, we have fought the threat of water while reaping the bounties offered by water since ancient times. Even in the post- war era, we conquered water shortages, water pollution and floods to achieve rapid economic development. The knowledge and technology gained by Japan by tackling vari- ous water issues is currently being utilized for the benefit of furthering global sustain- able development and the solution of global water issues.

Also, Japan's technological prowess not only involves water resources development technology but includes water producing technology such as the drilling of wells and the desalination of seawater as well as water treatment technology and water conserva- tion technology to contribute to the solution of global water issues through a broad range of technology.

30 Message for the World Water Day 5

MESSAGE FOR THE WORLD WATER DAY Final Report H.E. Dr. Klaus Toepfer Executive Director, UNEP on behalf of the Secretary-General of the United Nations 22 March 2003

MESSAGE FOR THE WORLD DAY FOR WATER: "WATER FOR THE FUTURE"

Freshwater is essential for healthy ecosys- It is often said that water crises and scarci- tems, for sustainable development and for ties will at some point lead to armed conflict. human survival itself. Yet too often, in too But this need not be the case. Water prob- many places, water is wasted, tainted, and lems have also been a catalyst for coopera- taken for granted. All over the world, pollution, tion among peoples and nations. Countries overconsumption and poor water manage- with expertise in "drip irrigation" or the man- ment are decreasing both the quantity and agement of watersheds and flood plains are quality of available water. Agriculture, in par- sharing that knowledge and technology with ticular, is among the most egregious offend- others. Scientists, local authorities, non-gov- ers, commanding the lion's share of ernmental organizations, private businesses freshwater resources yet often inefficient in and international organizations are pooling many of its routine water-using practices. their efforts in the hopes of bringing about a Overall demand for water already far outpaces much-needed "blue revolution" and to population growth. If current trends continue, improve management of this vital resource. two out of every three people on earth will suf- Whatever else divides the human commu- fer moderate to severe water shortage in little nity, whether we live upstream or down- more than two decades from now. stream, in cities or in rural areas, water issues — the global water cycle itself — Overwhelmingly, it is the poor in developing should link us in a common effort to protect countries who suffer the most. It is they who and share it equitably, sustainably and lack access to safe drinking water; they who peacefully. often pay the highest price for water; they who lack adequate sanitation; they who The investments, policies and technologies have the least say in water management. required to rise to this challenge are within And it is the children among them — more our means. Let us all now work together to than 2 million — who die each year from secure the world's water for the future. water-related diseases. This is a social, eco- nomic, environmental and political crisis that should be among the world commu- nity's highest priorities.

At the Millennium Summit in 2000, and again at the World Summit on Sustainable Development last year in Johannesburg, world leaders recognized the centrality of freshwater to human development, and committed themselves to a precise and time-bound agenda for addressing the world's current and future water resource and sanitation problems. This year, the Inter- national Year of Freshwater, we must move from promises to practice, from commit- ments to concrete projects, from intent to implementation.

31 31 6 Keynote Speeches

KEYNOTE SPEECHES

H.E. Mr. Shucheng Wang Minister of Water Resources, China 22 March 2003

Promote Sustainable Social and Economic Development with Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources

Chairperson, Ladies and Gentlemen,

The issue of water is a global one. It is a press- ing task faced by all countries to realize sus- tainable utilization of water resources and on this basis support and ensure sustainable social and economic development. The con- vening of this conference indicates that the international community is paying great atten- Final Report tion to this issue. Allow me, on behalf of the Chinese delegation, to extend a warm congrat- In China, construction of water works and ulation on the convening of the conference! I elimination of water hazards have always would also like to express our sincere appreci- been a major issue for governing the ation to the Government of Japan for its kind country and assuring its safety and secu- invitation and hospitality. rity.

I am glad to take this opportunity to share Since the founding of the People's Republic with all colleagues my views on various in 1949, especially since the adoption of the issues, such as challenges facing China in policy of reform and opening to the outside the area of water resources, our strategy, world in 1978, China has achieved rapid eco- countermeasures and progress of water nomic development, overall social progress management, and our propositions for and gradual enhancement of urbanization. international cooperation in this field. In general, people's living standard has improved from simply having enough food 1. Challenges Facing China in the Area of and clothing to living a relatively well-off Water Resources life. At present, China is striding towards the objective of building a well-off society on all China is a country frequently visited by fronts. Due to China's social and economic floods and drought with only 2200m3 per development and the natural conditions, capita water resources. Influenced by the water resources are extremely important for monsoon climate and terrain conditions, China's sustainable development. China the distribution of water resources in mainly faces the following challenges with China is very uneven in time and space. regard to water resources. For the river systems north to the Yangtze (Changjiang) River, their river-basin area 1.1. Frequent disasters of flooding and takes up 64% of the aggregate national water-logging. During the 1990s, six land area, but only 19% of the aggregate out of 10 years witnessed major floods national water resources. Therefore, taking place in the main river basins. drought and shortage of water have In some areas, flooding occurred become major natural disasters in north- every year. On average, there were ern China. In most areas, precipitation of seven typhoons landing on the main- the four wettest months takes up about land of China every year. Torrential 70% of the annual rainfall, often resulting rains also cause mudflow and land- in flood disaster during the flood season. slide problems.

32 Keynote Speeches 6

1.2. Severe shortage of water resources. On resources in accordance with the strategy the basis of normal demand and non- and requirements of sustainable develop- Final Report excessive extraction of ground water, ment. Consequently, we are able to deepen China's annual shortage of water is 30- our understanding of water-related issues 40 billion m3. Every year, 7-20 million ha and have gradually formed and developed of farmland suffers from drought. Of the guiding principle and strategy of water the 669 Chinese cities, 400 suffer from management in China. insufficient water supply with 100 in severe shortage of water. Shortage of We have realized that water is a basic natu- water resources has become a heavy ral resource and a fundamental element of constraint on social and economic the ecological environment. In water man- development in China, especially in agement, we insist upon following the rule northern China. of nature. While preventing water damage to mankind, special attention is paid to 1.3. Severe soil erosion. At present, soil ero- prevention of human damage to water. We sion takes place in an aggregate area of stress the close relationship between the 3.56 million km2, or 37% of the total land ecology and water. For river basins with area in China with the annual quantity severe ecological problems, we carry out of soil eroded reaching 5 billion tons. restoring work by water saving, pollution Severe soil erosion has led to land deg- control and water transfer. To protect wet- radation, grazing land desertification, lands, we supplement water to the wet- ecological deterioration, sedimentation lands in a planned manner. Where in rivers and lakes and intensification of groundwater is excessively extracted, floods and water-logging in lower measures such as closing of wells and reaches of various rivers. restriction on extraction have been adopted to protect groundwater. We also 1.4. Water pollution not effectively con- emphasize and give sufficient play to the trolled. According to the 2001 evalua- self-rehabilitating capacity of nature. All tion of water quality in China, of the these are aimed at protecting the ecologi- total 121,000 km rivers evaluated, the cal system and promoting harmonious length of Grade IV rivers takes up 14.2% coexistence between man and nature. while that of Grade V or inferior Grade V still occupies a proportion of 24.4%. We have realized that water is a scarce resource as well as a strategic resource, In addition, in the development of its water and that, a region or a river basin has its management, China still faces many other limits to the carrying capacity of water problems such as ineffective management resources and the water environment. In system, lack of responsive mechanism in this regard, we insist upon promoting development and insufficient funding for con- coordination between resource utilization struction. These are all important elements to and social and economic development, be considered when attempting to solve prob- transforming from the traditional demand lems related to China's water resources. driven management to supply driven man- agement. We stress and strengthen the 2. Understanding of Water and Strategy allocation, conservation and protection of of Water Management water resources, exert hard efforts to increase water use efficiency and benefits, China is a large and ancient country in terms enhance the carrying capacity of water of its magnitude and history of water resources and the water environment and resources development. Through several build a water-saving society with maxi- thousands of years' practice in water man- mum control of pollution. agement, China has accumulated rich expe- rience in this regard. Over the years, in face We have realized that water has multiple with complicated issues related to water functions - water supply, power genera- resources, we have carried out active explo- tion, navigation, recreation, etc., and the ration into sustainable utilization of water issues of flood and water-logging, short- 33 33 6 Keynote Speeches

age of water resources, pollution of water water and groundwater interchange; upper quality and soil erosion are interrelated. and lower reaches, left and right banks and Accordingly, in the course of water man- mainstreams and tributaries influence agement, we insist upon overall planning, each other in their development and utili- consideration of all related aspects, review zation; water quantity and water quality of both symptoms and root causes, and are mutually dependent; and all aspects of integrated management. We also combine water development and utilization are the promotion of benefits with elimination closely interrelated. Based upon such an of hazards, give equal weight to develop- understanding, we have made consistent ing new water sources and saving water, efforts to promote uniform management, jointly carry out flood control and drought uniform planning and uniform scheduling relief, integrate structural and non-struc- of water resources, and to actively explore tural measures,in order to fully realize the integrated management of surface water comprehensive functions of water. and groundwater, water quantity and water quality in urban and rural areas. We have realized that it is one of the basic rights of human beings as well as the foun- We have realized the universality and dation and guarantee of human health to extensiveness of the water issue. Conse- access clean and safe drinking water. quently, we reinforce publicity efforts to Final Report Therefore, we regard it as a major task to promote the awareness of water in the eliminate difficulty in accessing drinking whole society. To mobilize motivations of water and to protect physical health of the all concerned, we encourage inter-sector whole nation. In the time of drought, prior- and inter-jurisdiction stakeholders to par- ity is placed upon guaranteeing domestic ticipate in water management. Associa- water consumption of urban and rural resi- tions of farmers as water users have been dents. Over the recent five years, the cen- set up in extensive irrigation areas to facil- tral government has invested 6.9 billion itate reform of the irrigation district man- yuan into the construction of a large group agement systems that is conducive to of works to facilitate accessibility of drink- farmers' participation in management. For ing water. Thanks to such efforts, drinking rural drinking water works, beneficiary water is now available to 34.09 million farm households organize themselves into rural population. cooperatives via democratic consultation to practice self-management. To ensure We have realized that water is a commod- extensive participation of stakeholders in ity and an economic resource of strategic water management, the price hearing sys- importance and that water management is tem is implemented in the water pricing public welfare of critical importance to the process. national economy and people's livelihood. Accordingly, we insist upon following eco- We have realized that the legal system pro- nomic rules in our practice and integrating vides assurance for water management government macro regulation with the and that scientific and technological market mechanism. Whereas efforts are progress plays a great promotional role in made to fully realize the dominant role of water management. We insist upon man- public finance in water management, initi- aging water in accordance with law. Water atives are also adopted to achieve market Law, Flood Control Law, Law on Preven- leverage in resource allocation. We tion and Control of Water Pollution and explore for the establishment of a water- Law on Water and Soil Conservation have right system and a water market and con- been promulgated, giving rise to a fairly tinuously promote restructuring of the complete water legislative system that reg- investment and financing mechanism for ulates various water-related activities. water management and reform of the Keeping pace with scientific and techno- water-price mechanism. logical progress, we have been able to continuously enhance of water resources We have realized that the river basin is the development and management. With basic unit of water resources; surface emphasis placed upon informatization of 34 Keynote Speeches 6

water management, we hope that the vide a way out for floods, and gradually informatization process will facilitate and transform from endless disorderly struggle Final Report promote modernization of water manage- for land between man and water to orderly ment. and sustainable harmony between man and flood. To this end, since 1998, the Chinese 3. Major Progress government has made cumulative invest- ment of tens of billions of RMB into large- With long-time efforts in water develop- scale construction of an integrated Yangtze ment, China has formed a fairly complete River flood-control system in addition to the system for mitigating water disasters and construction of the Three Gorges Project. securing water supply. Dikes at a total While focusing on reinforcement of dikes length of 270, 000 km have been con- and controlling works, active efforts have structed or reinforced, 85,000 reservoirs been exerted to return farmland to recover have been completed with annual water water bodies, return farmland to recover for- supply capacity reaching 580 billion m3. est, dredge rivers and lakes, resettle those We have also developed effective irriga- affected into newly-built townships. With tion by an area of 54.67 million ha, brought more than four years' efforts, mainstream under control an aggregate soil-erosion dikes stretching over several thousand kilo- area of 860,000 km2 and developed hydro- meters at the middle and lower reaches of power with installed capacity of 84,550 the Yangtze River have reached the stan- MW. Water development has played an dards of flood control, which has formed a enormous role in ensuring safety of drink- solid "Great Wall on Water". In the course of ing water, flood prevention, grain produc- returning farmland to recover lakes and riv- tion, economic development, ecological ers, we resettled the 2.42 million affected improvement and environmental protec- population to nearby places, recovered 2 tion. China has managed to feed and water area by 2900 km and increased flood 3 clothe 22% of the world's population with storage capacity by 13 billion m . It was the 6% of the world's renewable water first time in history for China to take the ini- resources and 10% of the world's arable tiative of returning farmland to recover riv- land. In this process, water development ers and lakes on a large scale, thereby has made indelible contribution. providing a way out for floods, which is a reverse of the centuries-old practice of Next, I will focus on issues of universal con- reclaiming lakes for more farmland, i.e. man cern to the international community, cover- fighting for land with water. Consequently, ing post-disaster reconstruction along the when severe flood took place in the middle Yangtze River, drying-up of the Yellow River, reaches of the Yangtze River and the the South-to-North Water Transfer Project Dongting Lake area in 2002, both the river and water management related to develop- and the lake were safe and sound. ment of China's western region. 3.2. Drying-up of the Yellow River 3.1. Post-disaster reconstruction along the Yangtze River The Yellow River is the origin of the Chi- nese Nation and the Mother River of The Yangtze River is the largest river in China. Due to large-scale development and China taking the first place in catchment utilization of water resources along the area, river length, and water quantity. In river, the conflict between water supply 1998, extraordinary severe floods occurred and demand along the river has been in the Yangtze River basin resulting in heavy intensified since the 1990s. Meanwhile, the losses of life and property in the victim lower reaches of the Yellow River tended areas. The lessons learned from the disaster to dry up more frequently. It was the worst prompted us to construct flood-control sys- in 1997 when the Yellow River did not tems for rivers with a new strategy that is reach the sea for 226 days. Such harsh oriented towards harmonious coexistence facts pushed us to the gradual understand- between man and nature. In other words, we ing that it is imperative to enforce inte- shall not only control floods, but also pro- grated management of water resources, 35 35 6 Keynote Speeches

and coordinate the relationship between 3.4. Water management related to domestic, production and ecological uses development of China's western of water. Since March 1999, China has region practiced uniform allocation and schedul- ing of water resources in the entire Yellow In 1999, China began to implement its strat- River basin. This plus planned water con- egy of developing the western region. The sumption and water savings has kept the west region is short in water resources and Yellow River free from drying up for three vulnerable in ecological environment. Water successive years despite of severe is the foundation and key to development of drought. As a result, the domestic and pro- the western region. Over the recent years, the duction consumption of water for urban Chinese government has accelerated its con- and rural residents is basically guaranteed, struction of water infrastructure with focus with remarkable improvement of ecosys- placed upon the development of ecological tem in the lower reaches. systems and environmental protection works. Relevant measures are put into practice on a 3.3. South-to-North Water Transfer large scale, such as returning farmland to Project recover forest and grassland, enclosing mountains to cultivate forest, practicing rota- Southern China is abundant in water while tion grazing and fallows, prohibiting over- Final Report northern China is short of water. The South- grazing, etc. Protection of ecological systems to-North Water Transfer Project is an impor- and the environment has been strengthened. tant infrastructure aimed at promoting opti- For example, the Project for Integrated Man- mum allocation of water resources agement of the Tarim River Basin and the nationwide. It is also a strategic initiative to Heihe River Basin was launched to transfer relax shortage of water resources and eco- and divert water to the lower reaches that are logical deterioration in northern China. We deteriorating in ecological environment. The have carried out thorough, in-depth and sci- Tarim River, the largest inland river in China, entific study of issues related to the project gets water again after more than 20 years of according to the principle of "water saving drying-up in its 363 km-long lower channel, before water transfer, pollution control bringing life to the dying vegetation of the before water delivery and environmental desert. The Green Corridor regained its vital- protection before water consumption". The ity. Remarkable improvement was also project will transfer water from the lower, achieved of the ecology in the lower reach of middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze Heihe River, the second largest inland river of River, forming three routes of water transfer, the country. namely the East Route, the Middle Route, and the West Route. Connecting the four Despite such impressive achievement in major rivers — the Yangtze River, the Yellow the field of water resources, China still has River, the Huai River and the Hai River, the a long way to go for fundamental solution project will form an overall pattern of water of water-related problems. We will carry resource allocation characterized by "four forward the effective and feasible experi- latitudinal rivers and three longitudinal riv- ence and practices, continue the imple- ers", making it easier to allocate water mentation of existing plans and programs across the country. The project is planned to and persistently promote sustainable utili- complete by 2050 with aggregate quantity of zation of water resources. As such, we will water transfer reaching 44.8 billion m3, make our due contribution to the solution equivalent to the annual usable quantity of of China's water-related problems for a water resources along the Yellow River. better homeland. Completion of the East Route and the Middle Route (Phase I) will increase water supply by 13.4 billion m3 to the recipient regions in northern China, thus relieving water short- age in Beijing and Tianjin and cities in east- ern Shandong Province. The construction of the project has been officially launched. 36 Keynote Speeches 6

4. International Cooperation in the Field of water resources is a basis for sus- of Water Resources tainable development. Therefore, the Final Report developed countries should exert real The Chinese government attaches great efforts to help solve problems that are importance to international cooperation universal to the developing countries, and exchanges in the field of water such as shortage of funds and techno- resources. At present, in the area of water logical disadvantage, and thereby management China has established vari- facilitate solution of problems related ous types of technical exchange and eco- to water resources. On the other hand, nomic cooperation relationship with more developing countries should take the than 60 countries and regions all over the initiative to promote their own devel- world. Such exchange and cooperation opment in accordance with require- have been very fruitful. In the future, we ments of sustainable development. will pay greater attention to exchange and cooperation with countries all over the 4.3. International rules in the field of water world and relevant international organiza- resources should be formulated tions. For international cooperation and through consultation among nations exchanges in the field of water resources, on the basis of equality and incorporat- China would like to put forward the follow- ing wills and interests of all nations. ing propositions: International cooperation and global actions should fully respect the 4.1. Solution of problems related to water national sovereignty and self-determi- resources should be closely related to nation for development. All nations social and economic development, should, in accordance with their own eradication of poverty, and improve- national situation and existing condi- ment of the environment. In many tions, adopt active measures to ratio- developing countries, drought and nally develop and utilize water shortage of water have already resources, protect the eco-system and become a major cause of poverty and the environment, and promote coordi- ecological deterioration. On the other nation between economic development hand, economic development is the and environmental protection. In the foundation and precondition for eradi- meantime, all countries should refrain cating poverty and solving problems from exerting negative impact on the related to water resources. Therefore, environment of other countries while it is imperative to integrate economic developing their own economies. development and poverty eradication with environmental and resource pro- Ladies and Gentlemen, tection so as to solve the problems in the course of social and economic Problems related to water resources are development. common to mankind. To solve these prob- lems requires our long-term hard efforts. 4.2. The developed countries should give The most important thing at present is to full play to their economic and techni- take immediate action and carry out sin- cal advantages and exert real efforts to cere cooperation among us so that we will help the developing countries solve jointly create a better future for the world. problems related to water resources. The former should also pay attention Thank you. to capacity building of developing countries in the field of water resources. Sustainable development is a common responsibility shared by all nations. In this regard, developed countries and developing countries have common but differentiated responsibilities. Sustainable utilization 37 37 6 Keynote Speeches

H.E. Ms. Roseline Bachelot-Narquin Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development, France 22 March 2003

Discours séance plénière de Mme Bachelot-Narquin

C’est avec beaucoup d’émotion et de gravité que je m’exprime devant vous aujourd’hui, pour ce troisième forum mondial de l’eau, qui intervient à un moment clé de l’action internationale, six mois après le sommet de Johannesbourg et trois mois avant le sommet du G8 d’Evian.

A Rio en 1992, lors du sommet millénaire en 2000 puis l’an dernier à Johannesbourg, Les ateliers qui se sont tenus sur les nous avons défini des objectifs ambitieux rapports entre l’eau et la culture, ateliers Final Report pour la planète, notamment celui de organisés par l’UNESCO et l’Académie de diminuer de moitié le nombre d’habitants de l’eau en France, et l’exposition que nous la terre n’ayant pas accès à l’eau ou à avons organisée avec le gouvernement l’assainissement. Nous avons esquissé des japonais au Jardin botanique de Kyoto solutions, en matière de gouvernance, de que je vous invite d’ailleurs de visiter, ont gestion par bassins versants, de partenariat bien mis en évidence l’importance du public privé, de financement et de protection comportement des citoyens et des des milieux aquatiques. J’espère que cette usagers vis-à-vis de l’eau. On a bien période de gestation nous permettra, six compris, en particulier, que c’est par leur mois, après Johannesbourg, de donner vie implication directe que cette ressource et corps à des politiques opérationnelles, précieuse, tant pour l’homme que pour efficaces, et surtout adaptées aux différents son environnement, pourra être contextes et aux différentes cultures. préservée et rendue disponible pour tous.

En effet, pour la France, la gestion de l’eau Ainsi, nous ne pourrons gagner la bataille est indissociable des civilisations et des de l’eau qu’avec les populations, dans le cultures. L’eau rythme la vie des sociétés respect de leurs traditions et de leurs humaines, chacune a forgé un rapport cultures, à l’écoute de leur sagesse... intime et singulier à l’eau. Souvenons-nous C’est ma conviction profonde, comme de toutes ces légendes anciennes où l’eau celle de l’ensemble des Etats membres de joue un rôle essentiel. Observons les rites l’Union européenne, qui l’ont inscrite qui sacralisent l’eau et la placent au coeur de comme une des obligations majeures de la vie et de ses valeurs. Rappelons-nous les la directive-cadre européenne sur l’eau grands mythes fondateurs : Siva et sa que nous avons adoptée à la fin de chevelure, Noé et le Déluge, la déesse l’année 2000. Nous devons travailler en Gangâ, dont le Gange tire son nom. Le liaison étroite avec les communautés, les paradis, celui de la Bible et du Coran, n’est-il villages ou les représentants des pas cette oasis baignée de fleuves ? populations vivant dans les villes. Ecoutons les sagesses immémoriales,” pour entendre l’enseignement de l’eau , il suffit Comprendre les enjeux politiques, étudier de la boire ‘’, dit la parole Zen. Depuis la nuit les interactions entre les cultures locales, des temps, dès que les hommes se sont nationales, les modes de vie et de constitués en communauté, la première consommation d’eau, conduit à chose qu’ils ont partagée fut l’eau. s’interroger sur nos propres discours : qu’appelons-nous aujourd’hui les ‘’ bons usages de l’eau ‘’ ? Quelle est la part de 38 Keynote Speeches 6

l’héritage culturel ? Comment concilier les industrielle, qui nous posaient tant de connaissances traditionnelles et les problèmes dans les années 60. Final Report nouvelles technologies ? le développement économique avec la La bonne gouvernance se traduit également, protection du milieu naturel? et c’est plus nouveau, par cette participation active du public à la définition et à la mise en En définitive, l’eau est la source de oeuvre des politiques, que ce soit au plus différences culturelles. C’est à l’aune de ces haut niveau, notamment pour l’élaboration différences qu’il nous faut appliquer les des lois — nous lançons en ce moment concepts développés à Johannesbourg, que même en France un grand débat national ce soit en matière de gouvernance, de sur la politique de l’eau, auquel nous allons modalités de gestion par bassin versant, ou associer fortement le public — , ou de façon de moyens de mise en oeuvre et de suivi des plus opérationnelle, dans chaque ville ou objectifs adoptés par la communauté village, par la participation des citoyens à la internationale. C’est également du fait de mise en oeuvre du service public d’eau et ces différences culturelles, qu’il nous faut d’assainissement. nous intéresser à d’autres aspects, moins évoqués à Johannesbourg, que ce soit la Faisant suite à la convention d’Aarhus, la lutte contre les inondations ou la protection directive-cadre européenne sur l’eau que j’ai du milieu aquatique et marin. Ces points déjà évoquée, a bien pris cela en compte en seront d’ailleurs examinés lors du travail en imposant à chaque Etat membre de mettre sous-groupe cet après-midi. en place les outils de cette participation du public. La bonne gouvernance, tout d’abord, est une condition indispensable pour une La bonne gouvernance, c’est aussi proposer gestion économe et efficace de la des solutions adaptée au contexte et à la ressource en eau. Derrière ce terme, un culture des secteurs concernés. A cet égard, peu technocratique je le confesse, se nous devons partir des réussites. Celle de ce cachent des principes fondamentaux, qui village du Sahel, au Sénégal, dont les d’ailleurs ne s’appliquent pas seulement habitants, un jour, ont pris en main leur destin, au domaine de l’eau. financé pour une large part l’arrivée de l’eau et mis en place un système traditionnel, Une bonne gouvernance, c’est d’abord une équitable et solidaire, de gestion de l’eau. En politique publique qui s’appuie sur milieu rural, l’expérience montre qu’il n’est l’ensemble des outils mis à sa disposition, pas nécessaire de faire appel aux procédures en premier lieu des lois et des règlements et aux moyens les plus sophistiqués. clairs, compréhensibles, peu nombreux mais appliqués sereinement et fermement. Il s’agit également de retenir des Il doit y avoir un arbitre qui puisse prendre modalités efficaces de coopération entre le ses responsabilités dans le partage de secteur public et le secteur privé, l’eau. A cet égard, je n’ai pas oublié que le notamment pour l’adduction dans les nom de mon pays est traduit en japonais villes. L’eau dans le ciel, dans les rivières, par “ le pays des lois ‘’. dans les nappes souterraines est un bien public, gratuit, cela ne saurait être Mais la puissance publique doit également contesté. La loi sur l’eau, adoptée en disposer d’outils financiers puissants, qui France en 1992, la qualifie d’ailleurs de incitent l’ensemble des acteurs à une "patrimoine commun de la nation". Mais gestion rationnelle de l’eau, nptamment par les tuyaux, les stations de traitement ou l’application du principe "pollueur payeur", d’épuration, tout cela a un coût et ou "préleveur payeur". A cet égard, le demande une gestion au jour le jour, un système français des agences de l’eau, que entretien !!! A cet égard, il ne serait pas nous avons institué il y a près de 40 raisonnable de se priver des compétences maintenant, a fait la preuve de son efficacité et de l’efficacité du secteur privé, qui et a permis de quasiment supprimer les justement a fait ses preuves dans la points noirs de pollution, notamment gestion et l’entretien de systèmes 39 39 6 Keynote Speeches

complexes tels que celui-ci. Cependant, que globalement à cette échelle, au risque s’agissant de la mise en oeuvre d’une sinon de mettre en place des solutions qui politique publique, correspondant à des créent plus de problèmes qu’elles n’en besoins fondamentaux de l’être humain, et résolvent. tant liée à l’héritage culturel des peuples, cela suppose une très grande transparence Dans la politique qui me tient à coeur de dans la mise en oeuvre du service, dans la lutte contre les inondations, étant moi- formation de coûts et la tarification, et même élue d’une région fortement dans le management de l’ensemble. soumise aux inondations, on a trop souvent, en voulant protéger des secteurs Le partenariat public privé, ce n’est pas à l’amont par le biais de digues et de transférer des prérogatives de la puissance chanalisation, aggravé les inondations à publique au secteur privé sans contrôle, mais l’aval. Je viens, en France, de proposer au contraire permettre à celle-ci d’exercer au d’adopter des méthodes plus globales, mieux ses compétences de définition et de comme la mise en place de champs mise en oeuvre des politiques publiques, en volontaires d’expansion de crues, déléguant, sous fort contrôle, la mise en établissant ainsi une solidarité entre les oeuvre opérationnelle. A cet égard, ce secteurs ruraux à l’amont et les villes à partenariat doit s’accompagner d’un l’aval, et moyennant bien sûr Final Report renforcement de l’implication des autorités l’indemnisation des occupants des publiques dans le service public d’eau et premiers, essentiellement des d’assainissement. C’est le sens des principes agriculteurs, qui voient ainsi leur bien de gouvernance proposés par l’Union surexposé aux inondations. européenne, sur une initiative de la France. En matière de prélèvement d’eau, il faut La bonne gouvernance, enfin, suppose la là aussi instaurer des solidarités entre le mise en place d’une gestion rationnelle et monde agricole et le monde urbain, et surtout à économe de l’eau, la gestion par la l’intérieur du monde agricole. L’agriculture est demande, sujet insuffisamment développé une grande consommatrice d’eau, c’est aussi dans les instances internationales. Quand un formidable moteur du développement les pertes dans les réseaux d’eau s’élèvent à économique et humain, basé sur des pratiques plus de 60%, il faut s’interroger sur les ancrées dans l’histoire et la tradition des solutions les plus pertinentes, investir dans peuples ; S’il n’est pas question de remettre en la mobilisation de nouvelles ressources ou cause l’essor agricole dans des régions qui ont diminuer les pertes. A ce sujet, la question pu faire vivre leurs populations et de venir ne me semble pas être de savoir si il faut même exportatrices grâce aux progrès faire ou non des barrages, il est clair que accomplis dans ce domaine, il est essentiel de dans certains pays la mobilisation de la voir comment ce développement peut ne pas ressource est un impératif, mais surtout de se faire au détriment des cours d’eau eux- savoir, en complément, comment optimiser mêmes, comment rendre l’agriculture plus la consommation d’eau, de façon à réaliser économe en eau, notamment par les méthodes les investissements strictement nécessaires, d’irrigation utilisées ou les pratiques culturales. et ne pas se lancer dans des projets coûteux qui pourraient être évités. Il ne s’agit pas de Pour ce faire, il ne saurait être question là d’idéologie, mais de simple bon sens. d’imposer, de vouloir modifier des pratiques ancestrales par la loi, il s’agit Parmi les outils de gouvernance, la gestion bien au contraire de s’appuyer sur les par bassin occupe une place particulière, et usagers eux-mêmes, en rendant visibles je souhaiterais m’attarder un peu plus les solidarités de fait à l’intérieur des longtemps sur ce concept. Ainsi que nos bassins. La mise en place d’instances de hôtes japonais l’ont montré en organisant ce gestion par bassins, associant l’ensemble forum, non dans la seule ville de Kyoto, mais des acteurs, à travers des dispositifs de à travers les villes de Kyoto, Osaka et Shiga démocratie participative, permet à ces dans le bassin versant de la rivière Yodo, la usagers de progresser ensemble, dans le gestion de l’eau ne peut être appréhendée consensus. 40 Keynote Speeches 6

Ce processus est d’autant plus important à potable. Mais justement, c’est le bon état du l’échelle des bassins transfrontaliers, où ces milieu aquatique qui permet de produire à Final Report solidarités se heurtent aux frontières moindre coût une eau plus facile à rendre nationales. Il nous faut, ensemble, décider si potable, et c’est sa préservation qui permet le XXIe siècle sera, comme le prédisent de développer une politique efficace et peu certains, celui des guerres de l’eau, ou si coûteuse d’alimentation en eau. La nature nous arriverons à mettre en place les outils est bonne mère, et les processus naturels de d’une gestion collective sur ces bassins. Les purification, lorsqu’ils fonctionnent, c’est-à- organismes de bassin peuvent être, à cet dire lorsque le processus écologique n’est égard, je n’en doute pasn de précieux outils. pas dégradé, sont gratuits !!! Il vaut parfois Je sais que des proposition sur ce sujet sont mieux investir beaucoup dans des outils de à l’étude pour certains fleuves, notamment traitement sophistiqués. dans le cadre du NEPAD. A cet égard, la gestion par bassin, la De nombreux pays réunis aujourd’hui à contractualisation avec l’ensemble des Kyoto appuient la rédaction d’un texte acteurs, et surtout la participation des ambitieux, qui fasse la promotion de la usagers eux-mêmes, est la seule façon de gestion par grands bassins à travers le rendre compréhensible et acceptable ce développement de la coopération technique type de politique, notamment en entre les pays concernés. Des événements s’appuyant sur les longues traditions dramatiques récents, en matière de d’entretien des cours d’eau qui existent pollution des eaux ou inondation, ont dans de nombreux endroits du monde. montré que de telles coopérations auraient pu, par des actions préventives, atténuer Mais l’ensemble de ces outils n’aurait pas de leurs effets désastreux. sens sans une forte mobilisation de moyens financiers et humains, à la hauteur du défi J’observe d’ailleurs que de nombreux pays que nous nous sommes fixés à s’orientent vers des organisations similaires. Johannesbourg. En Europe, la directive-cadre sur l’eau impose une gestion par bassin versant et a Sur le plan financier, tout d’abord, nous créé des districts internationaux, permettant allons entendre tout à l’heure le rapport du ainsi aux Etats, s’appuyant sur des gouverneur Camdessus, qui a présidé le commissions intergouvernementales de panel mis en place lors du précédent forum, gestion des principaux fleuves, qui à la Haye consacré à ces questions. Il existaient déjà, de mettre en place de contient de nombreuses propositions, pour véritables plans de gestion par bassin la mise en oeuvre desquelles il me semble versant. indispensable que la communauté internationale se mobilise fortement. Au-delà, le réseau international des organismes de bassin (RIOB) compte Parmi les outils évoqués, je souhaite désormais 134 organismes membres ou insister sur la nécessité d’une action observateurs, dans 52 pays. Le succès de ce directe en matière de financement auprès réseau, ouvert à tous les organismes de des collectivités gérant le service d’eau et bassin, me conduit à un certain optimisme d’assainissement. La gestion de l’eau ne quant au développement de la gestion par peut se concevoir que décentralisée, et ce bassin versant. sont ces collectivités, au plus près du terrain, qui sont confrontées aux A ce stade, je souhaiterais insister sur la mise difficultés quotidiennes. en place d’outils fiables de préservation et de restauration du milieu naturel et aquatique. La France, dans cet esprit, a progressivement mis en place des modalités de coopération Il peut paraître curieux de parler de milieu décentralisée, de collectivité à collectivité, aquatique, de poissons et de petites fleurs permettant ainsi d’établir une solidarité directe lorsque plus d’un milliard de personnes entre les habitants des pays riches et des pays n’ont pas tout simplement accès à une eau pauvres? Par ailleurs, elle s’est engagée à 41 41 6 Keynote Speeches

augmenter de façon très importante son APD régions et les nations. C’est par ce biais et, dans ce cadre, la part transitant par la que nous pourrons, tout en nous coopération décentralisée. appuyant sur les cultures ancestrales des populations vis-à-vis de l’eau, faire Nous souhaitons que les banques évoluer celles-ci par l’échange multilatérales expertisent rapidement les d’expérience et la comparaison des propositions très concrètes que le rapport de pratiques. Monsieur Camdessus leur adresse, notamment en matière d’intervention directe Enfin, avant de conclure cet exposé, je auprès des collectivités territoriales. La France souhaiterais insister sur le nécessaire a demandé en particulier à ce que le évaluations des politiques que nous financement de l’eau soit à l’ordre du jour du définissions ensemble. Qui peut dire ce prochain comité de développement à qu’il s’est passé depuis le sommet de Washington, au début du mois d’avril, et Johannesbourg ? Combien d’habitants qu’après le sommet du G8 d’Evian, une autre supplémentaires se sont vu délivrer une réunion du comité de développement puisse eau potable ou raccorder à un système étudier la mise en oeuvre de ces propositions. d’assainissement fonctionnant correctement ? A cet égard, nous notons avec intérêt qu’un Final Report certain nombre de des propositions Aujourd’hui, personne ne peut répondre concernent le continent africain, et correctement à ces questions, tout souhaitons que ces propositions s’insèrent simplement parce que ces chiffres harmonieusement dans le cadre du NEPAD, n’existent pas toujours, ou ne sont pas auquel la France réaffirme tout son soutien. toujours fiables. Pour transformer nos bonnes intentions affichées dans les Cependant, la mobilisation des moyens différents sommets en actes, pour financiers ne servirait à rien, sans celle, tout garantir une certaine crédibilité de nos autant indispensable des moyens financiers, discours vis-à-vis des populations que des moyens humains. A cet égard, je salue nous représentons ici, il est indispensable l’aide efficace que les ONG apportent aux de mettre en place un observatoire acteurs de l’eau, tout particulièrement celles international, qui permette de mesurer la travaillant au plus près des populations. Des situation et de quantifier les progrès qui mécanismes de solidarité, résultant sont accomplis. Ce n’est, me semble-t-il, d’initiatives privées et reposant sur une base qu’à ce prix que nous pourrons maintenir volontaire, peuvent permettre un apport de nos efforts dans la durée, et donner du ressource non négligeable à ces acteurs. poids à nos paroles.

Mais c’est dans la mobilisations de ces Vous l’aurez compris, la France nourrit de acteurs eux-mêmes, dans leur formation grandes espérances dans les travaux et le développement d’une action propre, menés à l’occasion de ce forum, qui nous intégrée, qu’il nous faut à mon sens réunit aujourd’hui. améliorer notre action. Il nous faut donc encourager l’échange d’expérience, entre Je voudrais à ce sujet remercier le Nord et le Sud, mais aussi entre Sud et chaleureusement nos amis Japonais pour Sud, la création de centre régionaux de la remarquable organisation de ce Forum, compétences, les jumelages, ...... tout tant sur la forme que sur le fond. La mode de coopération dans les idées, la France et le Japon ont instauré depuis technique et la réflexion sur la plus de 10 and une fructueuse gouvernance, de façon à non seulement coopération entre leurs services dans le partager l’eau, mais aussi les savoirs et domaine de la gestion durable de l’eau. les savoirs-faire. Ainsi, il nous faut Aussi je connaissais la qualité de travaux compléter la traditionnelle transmission réalisés en ce domaine par le Japon, et ne trans-générationnelles du savoir, doutais pas de la qualité de la préparation fondement de nos cultures respectives, de ce forum. Je n’ai pas été déçue, bien par une diffusion des savoirs entre les au contraire. 42 Keynote Speeches 6

En conclusion, je voudrais insister sur le fait world who have not access to water or sani- que nous avons une responsabilité tation services. We outlined some solutions, Final Report historique, d’engager une oeuvre de longue concerning good governance, management haleine pour la satisfaction des besoins by watersheds, public and private partner- humains et l’aménagement écologique de ship, financing and preservation of aquatic nos rivières et de nos fleuves. Ceux-ci font environment. I hope that this period of partie intégrante des patrimoines des gestation will allow us - six months after différentes nations et c’est à chaque pays, à Johannesburg - to develop and give sub- chaque régions de trouver, avec l’aide d la stance to operational policies, effective communauté internationale, les moyens and especially appropriate to diverse d’arriver à ces objectifs. backgrounds, environments and cultures.

A cet égard, je ne peux résister au plaisir de In fact, for France, the management of water citer ici un poème d’un écrivain français du resources is inseparable from civilizations XVIIe siècle, Jean de la Fontaine, consacré à and cultures. Water is giving a rhythm to MA rivière, la Loire, qui montre que ce souci human societies, each of these societies has d’aménagement se fond dans notre histoire. forged a very close and unique relationship with water. “ La Loire est donc une rivière Let us remember all of these old legends Arrosant un pays favorisé des cieux, where water is playing a vital role. Let us Douce, quand il lui plaît, quand il lui plaît si fière examine the rites which regard water as Qu’à peine arrÍte-t-on son cours impérieux. sacred and place it in the center of life and its values. Do I need remind you the great Elle ravagerait mille moissons fertiles, founder myths: Siva and her hair, Noah and Engloutirait des bourgs, ferait flotter des villes, the Flood, the goddess Ganga from which the Détruirait tout en une nuit ... River Ganges is taken its name? The Para- Si le long de ses bords n’était une levée dise, in the Old Testament or in the Koran, is Qu’on entretient soigneusmeent. ‘’ an oasis bathed with rivers, isn't it? Let's lis- ten to the voice of the immemorial wisdom. Je suis personnellement certaine que dans As the Zen saying goes... . "To understand the chaque village, sur chaque cours d’eau, des teaching of water, we just have to drink it" histoires similaires existent et c’est en From time immemorial, as soon as human conjuguant celles-ci aux techniques modernes beings formed communities, the first thing que nous gagnerons la bataille de l’eau. they shared out between them was water.

Je vous remercie. The workshops concerning the relation- ship and links between water and culture (Translated by Secretariat) organized by UNESCO and the Water Academy in France, and the exhibition we Mrs Bachelot-Narquin — Plenary organized with the Japanese Government session address at the Botanical Garden of Kyoto, showed clearly the importance of the behavior of It is with a lot of emotion and gravity that I citizens and users towards water. In partic- speak to you today, on the occasion of the ular, we understood very well that only the 3rd World Water Forum which is taking direct involving of these actors could pre- place at a key moment concerning interna- serve this precious resource — for man- tional action, six months after the Summit kind and also for our environment — and of Johannesburg et three months before give access to water to everybody. the G8 Summit in Evian. Thus, we will win the battle of water only In Rio, in 1992; during the Millennium Sum- with the help of the populations con- mit in 2000 and last year in Johannesburg, cerned, with respect to their traditions and we have spelled out ambitious world-wide their culture, carefully listening to their targets for the Earth, notably the objective to messages of wisdom... It's my strong reduce by half the number of people in the belief, as it is the belief of all the nations 43 43 6 Keynote Speeches

belonging to the European Union, which tribution and sharing of water is neces- consider it one of the principal obligations sary. In this respect, I didn't forget that the of the European framework directive in the name of my country is translate into Japa- field of water policy established at the end nese as the "country of laws". of the year 2000. We must work together and in close collaboration with the local But the authorities need to possess strong people and communities, the villages or financial tools and means which urge each the representatives of urban population. actor concerned to adopt a rational method of water management, especially by enforc- Understanding the political stakes, studying ing the "polluter pays" or the "user - pays" the interactions between the local and principle. In this respect, the French system national cultures, the life styles and the pat- of water agencies established nearly 40 terns of living, and the way we consume years ago demonstrated the efficiency of the water lead us to question ourselves about system and permitted us to eliminate almost the way we express our ideas, our all the problems of pollution, especially approach: what the meaning today of "good industrial pollution, which puzzled and practices concerning water" and why? embarrassed us so much during the sixties. What is the part of our cultural heritage? How to reconcile or combine traditional Good governance means also — and that Final Report knowledge and new technologies, eco- is something quite new — the active par- nomic development with the preservation ticipation of people to take part in the for- of natural habitat? mulation and application of policies, either at the highest level of decision, especially Finally, water is at the origin of cultural dif- in the drawing up of bills — just now, we ferences. We must take into consideration are launching a wide national discussion these differences when we put into prac- on the our water policy in France with the tice the concepts developed in Johannes- strong participation of the general public burg, as fas as governance, watershed — or in a more operational way, in every management methods or the methods of city, town and village, by the participation execution and follow up of the objectives of citizens in implementing water and sani- adopted by the international community tation public services. are concerned. Because of these cultural differences we must also take an interest Following the Aarhus Convention, the into others aspects, less mentioned in European framework directive in the field Johannesburg, either the fight against of water policy that I mentioned before, floods or the preservation of the aquatic has carefully taken into account this ele- and marine habitat. Besides, we will dis- ment by imposing to every member state cuss anyway these questions during our the obligation of implementing the tools work in Sub-Groups this afternoon. and means for assuring the participation of the general public in the process. Good governance is first and foremost a essential and vital condition to guarantee Good governance means also to propose the efficient and cost-conscious manage- appropriate solutions suiting the needs of the ment of water resources. Behind these environment, the social context and the culture expression, a little technocratic I guess, we of the sectors concerned. In this respect, we can find basic and fundamental principles must begin our mission in basing ourselves on which, incidentally, can be applied in other achievements or successes. For example, the fields than water policy. success story of this Sahelian village in Senegal where the inhabitants decided one day to take Good governance is first a public policy control over their own destiny and to set up a which rely on all the means at its disposal. traditional, fair and interdependent water man- First of all, a few laws and regulations, agement system. In rural area, our experience clear and intelligible, put into force with shows that it is not necessary to resort to the serenity and determination. An arbitrator most sophisticated procedures or means. able to take his responsibilities in the dis- 44 Keynote Speeches 6

It is also essential to formulate and put 60%, we must question ourselves about into practice efficient methods of coopera- more pertinent or efficient solutions, invest Final Report tion between the public sector and the pri- in the development of new resources or vate sector, especially in the field of water reduce the losses. In this respect, it seems supply and conveyance in urban area. Of to me that the question is not to know if we course, indisputably the water in the sky, have to build dams or not - it is evident that in the rivers or in the ground is free and in some countries the mobilization of the belongs to everybody as a public property. water resource is a major priority and a Besides, the Water Law, adopted in France necessity - but above all to know how to in 1992, considered water as "the common optimize the use and consumption of water, heritage of the Nation". But water piping in order to make only the investments system, water treatment and sewerage strictly necessary et not embarking on plants, etc. have a cost and need to be costly projects which could be avoided. It is managed and maintained every day of the not a question of ideology, it's only a ques- year! In this respect, it will not be reason- tion of common sense. able to deprive ourselves of the expertise, the know-how and the efficiency of the pri- Among the governance tools, the manage- vate sector which rightly shows his ment of basin, or watershed management, strength in managing and maintaining holds a special position, and I would like to complex systems as such one. However, linger over this concept a little more. As because we are implementing a public pol- our Japanese hosts showed us in the orga- icy, meeting the basic needs of human nization of this Forum, not only in Kyoto, beings, and closely tied to the cultural her- but also in the cities of Kyoto, Osaka and itage of people, we need to be very trans- Shiga, located in the watershed of the parent in operating water services, Yodo River, the management of water calculating the costs and fixing the price of resources can be grasped only on this kind services, and in the global management of of global scale. Otherwise, we take the risk the system. of implementing solutions which could create more problems. A partnership between the public and pri- vate sector doesn't mean however to In the implementing of flood control policy - transfer the prerogatives of the State or with means a lot to me because I am an the authorities to the private sector with- elected representative of a region badly out any control; but on the contrary to per- affected by flooding - too frequently the will mit to the authorities to fulfill their to protect the sectors located upstream by functions of formulating and implement- means of dikes, embankment or channeling ing public policies and act for the best by works aggravated the floods downstream. I delegating, under a strict control and just proposed in France to adopt more glo- supervision, the implementing and the bal methods, like the setting up of voluntary execution of operations. In this respect, flood expansion fields, establishing in this this partnership must come with a manner a solidarity between the rural sec- strengthening of the involvement of public tors located upstream and the urban areas authorities in the water supply and sanita- downstream, in return of which of course tion public service. That is the meaning of the occupants of the fields located upstream, the principles of governance proposed by almost farmers, will be compensated for the the European Union, on French initiative. overexposure of their properties to floods.

Finally, the good governance involves the As far as the water supply is concerned, it implementation of a rational and low-cost is necessary in this domain also to estab- management of water resources, the man- lish solidarities between the rural sector agement in accordance with the demand and the urban sector, and above all inside and needs, this last subject being not suffi- the sector of agriculture. Agriculture is a ciently developed and discussed in the big consumer of water, but it is also a tre- international leading bodies. When the total mendous driving force for the economic of losses in water supply networks exceeds and human development, based on prac- 45 45 6 Keynote Speeches

tices anchored in the history and tradition might have reduce the disastrous impact of of people. The point at issue is not to ques- these disasters. tion or challenge the agricultural develop- ment in regions which has been able to Incidentally, I observe that many countries nourish their populations and even to move towards establishing similar organi- become exporters thanks to the progress zations. In Europe, the framework directive accomplished in this field. However, it is in the field of water policy has imposed a essential to understand how the develop- watershed management system and estab- ment can be assured without negative lished international districts, allowing, impact on streams and rivers, how the with the support of already existing inter- agricultural sector can use less water governmental commissions in charge of resources, especially by the means of irri- the management of water resources of the gation methods used or the methods of principal rivers, the implementing by the cultivation. riparian states of effective management plans for each watershed concerned. For the purpose of doing this, it is incon- ceivable to impose new rules or to try to Besides, the International network of basin change ancestral practices by the means of organizations (RIOB) now numbers 134 regulations. On the contrary, we need to members organizations or observers, in 52 Final Report base our action on the users by showing countries. The success of this network, open clearly the solidarities and interdepen- to all watershed basins, leads me to be opti- dences existing in fact inside river basins. mistic about the future development of The establishing of management authori- water resources management by watershed. ties for each basin, in association with all the actors concerned, through democratic At this stage, I would like to stress the means of participation, assures that all the importance of implementing reliable tools users concerned progress together, in a for the preservation and restoration of the consensual manner. natural and aquatic habitat.

It's all the more important at the level of It may be strange to talk about aquatic habi- transboundary watercourses and basins, tat, fishes and pretty flowers when more given the fact that solidarities come up than a billion of persons have not access against national boundaries. We must even to drinkable water. But precisely, it is decide together if this century will be — as the good state of the aquatic environment some people have predicted — the century which guarantees the production and easy of wars for water, or if we can set up the treatment of drinkable water at low cost. means and tools to achieve a collective And it is the preservation of this aquatic management of these basins. In this environment which permits the develop- respect, I am convinced that the basin orga- ment of an efficient water supply policy at nizations could be very precious tools to low cost. Nature is a good mother, et the nat- attain this aim. I know that some proposals ural processes of purification when they are concerning this subject are under study fir working, i.e. when the ecological process is some rivers, especially within the frame- not degraded, are free of charge!!! Some- work of the New Partnership for Africa's times, it is better to invest a minimum to Development (NEPAD). preserve the natural functions than invest a lot in sophisticated treatment methods. Many countries meeting today in Kyoto sup- port the redaction of a ambitious text which In this respect, watershed management, can promote the management of water contract-based solutions with all the actors, resources at the level of great basins and above all the participation of the final through the de development of the technical users, are the only ways to make this type of cooperation between the nations concerned. policy intelligible and acceptable, especially Recently, dramatic events have showed — by relying on very old traditions concerning as far as water pollution and flooding are the maintenance of rivers which exist in concerned — that this kind of cooperation many parts of the world. 46 Keynote Speeches 6

However, all of these tools are meaning- proposals will be integrated harmoniously less without a strong mobilization of finan- inside the framework of the NEPAD which Final Report cial and human means, able to cope with France strongly supports. the challenge we take up in Johannesburg. However, the mobilization of financial As far as financial planning is concerned, means nothing without the mobilization at first we will listen in a short while the the same time of human means. In this report of the Governor Campdessus, presi- respect, I pay homage to NGOs for their dent of the panel set up on the occasion of efficient help they bring to the actors in the the precedent forum in La Haye devoted to field of water, especially to those which are these questions. This report contains sev- working in close cooperation with the local eral proposals. In this respect, it sems to population. Mechanisms of solidarity, me that the strong mobilization of the resulting from private initiatives and taken international community is vital for their on a voluntary basis can bring an impor- implementing. tant contribution of resources to the actors concerned. Among mentioned means and tools, I would like to emphasize the necessity of a direct I think however that we must from my action concerning financing the collectivities point of view improve our work in the and local authorities managing the service field of the mobilization of the actors, in of water supply and sanitation. The water their formation and in the development of management can only be decentralized, individual and integrated actions. Thus, because these local collectivities, at grass- we must encourage the sharing of experi- root level, are confronted everyday with dif- ences between the North and the South, ficulties. but also between the South and the South, the creation of networks of France, in this spirit and perspective, grad- regional centers of expertise, twinning... ually implements the methods of a decen- Every mode of cooperation in the domain tralized cooperation, from collectivity to of ideas, technologies and consideration collectivity, allowing in this way the estab- about governance, in order to share not lishing of a direct solidarity between the only water but also our knowledge and inhabitants of rich countries and the popu- our know-how. In this manner, we must lations of poor countries. Furthermore, complete the traditional and trans-gener- France has commit itself to raise very sub- ational transmission of knowledge, foun- stantially the amount of public aid for dation of our respective cultures, by the development and, in this framework, the diffusion of knowledge and information part being transferred by the means of between the regions and between the decentralized cooperation. nations.

We wish that the multilateral banks study By this means we will be able — basing rapidly the very concrete and practical pro- our efforts on their ancestral cultures — posals made in the report of Mr Camdessus, to promote the evolution of approach of especially as regards direct intervention the local populations towards water by towards local authorities. Especially, France sharing our experiences and comparing has asked that the financing of water be put our practices. on the agenda of the next meeting of the Development Commission in Washington, at Finally, before I conclude this speech, I the beginning of April, and that after the G8 would like to emphasize the indispens- Summit in Evian, an another meeting of able evaluation of the policies we are for- Development Commission could study the mulating together. Today, who can say implementing of these proposals. what happened after the Summit of Johannesburg? How many people have In this respect, we notice with interest that been supplied with drinkable water or several of these proposals are concerning connected to a sanitation system working the African continent, and hope that these properly since the last summit? 47 47 6 Keynote Speeches

Today, nobody can answer these questions, She could ravage thousand of rich harvests simply because we have not this kind of data and crops, or because those data are not reliable. In Swallow up towns, engulf cities, order to transform our good intentions dis- Destroy everything in one night played in different summits into acts, to If along the riverside, we did not build guarantee the credibility of our words to the An embankment which we maintain carefully." people we are representing here, it is neces- sary to establish an international monitoring Personally, I am sure you can find similar watchdog able to evaluate the situation and stories in every village, along every river, quantify the progress we are accomplishing. et that we can win the struggle for water if It seems to me that is the only way to main- we are able to combine these traditions tain our efforts in the long run and to give with our modern technologies. weight to our words. Thank you for your attention. I am sure you have understand that France has high hopes concerning the works we are accomplishing together on the occa- sion of this forum.

Final Report In this respect, I would like to express my thanks to our Japanese friends for the won- derful organization of this forum, for the substance and the form. Since 10 years, France and Japan have established a fruitful cooperation between their respective admin- istrations in the field of the sustainable man- agement and development of water resources. Also I knew already the quality of the works accomplished in this field in Japan, I never have any doubt about the organization of this forum. I have not been deceived, quite the reverse.

In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that we have an historical responsibility to begin a long-term work to satisfy human needs and the harnessing of our streams and rivers. They belong the heritage of diverse nations et each country, each region must find the means, with the help on the international community, to achieve their objectives.

In this respect, allow me to quote here a poem of a French writer of the 17th Cen- tury, Jean de la Fontaine, devoted to MY RIVER, la "Loire" and showing how strong the will of water development or planning belongs to our history.

"Loire is a river flowing through a country blessed by Heaven, Sometimes quite, sometimes so proud that, If we stop a little her imperious flow.

48 Keynote Speeches 6

Mr. Koichiro Matsuura Director-General, UNESCO Final Report 22 March 2003

Keynote Address at the opening session of the Intergovernmental Ministerial Conference at the 3rd World Water Forum

Many other forums have taken up the fresh- water issue, notably the Millennium Summit in 2000 and the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg last year.

Clearly, water has risen higher on the agenda of international priorities, reflecting better understanding of the issues and wider recognition of the seriousness of the situa- tion both now and in the future. I am pleased to say that UNESCO has played an active and positive role in addressing water issues over several decades, as our mandate has required us to do, notably through our Inter- national Hydrological Programme. We have, Excellencies, perhaps, done more than our fair share of Ladies and Gentlemen, sounding the alarm bells. It is a great honour and pleasure for me to be asked by the Government of Japan to Since becoming Director-General of deliver the keynote address at this Inter- UNESCO in November 1999, I have made governmental Ministerial Conference. my personal commitment to freshwater This is, indeed, an auspicious occasion. issues well-known and have received the We are here for the 3rd World Water full support of UNESCO's Member States Forum, but today we are also celebrating in making "freshwater and related eco- World Water Day, and all of this is taking systems" one of this Organization's five place during International Year of Fresh- principal priorities. Our emphasis on water 2003. freshwater will continue and, indeed, will grow in the years ahead. This will be Today's meeting is a reflection of the way done by exploiting our strengths - not that water has become everyone's busi- only our expertise and experience in our ness. Before me, I see an audience that is fields of competence but also the interac- much more varied than before. In addition tions and synergies among them. We are to Ministers and Heads of UN agencies, I developing special programmes in all rel- am delighted also to see representatives evant areas of competence: education of non-government organizations, com- and training, environment, culture and munity groups, women's groups, young biodiversity, indigenous knowledge, com- people, indigenous groups and the pri- munication, and scientific research. Thus, vate sector. This is a very hopeful sign. we have made water a priority not only of the Natural Sciences sector but of the In recent years, we have witnessed growing entire Organization, and we have com- anxieties and, indeed, alarm about the prob- mitted funds and resources in its support. lems surrounding the use, availability and quality of freshwater. The first two World Ladies and Gentlemen, Water Forums held in Marrakesh (1997) and The Hague (2000), followed by the Interna- A clear sign of the importance UNESCO tional Conference on Freshwater in Bonn attaches to freshwater issues is our active (2001), gave expression to this concern and and enthusiastic involvement in the World further advanced the debate on freshwater. Water Assessment Programme (WWAP) 49 49 6 Keynote Speeches

and, in particular, in the generation of the this through international cooperation and World Water Assessment Report — Water partnerships: 23 UN agencies and other for People, Water for Life. Let me briefly bodies have contributed as authors of this remind you how these originated before book, with numerous other institutions examining some of the crucial issues that such as the World Water Council, the Glo- they raise for us all. bal Water Partnership, and dozens of NGO partners playing associated roles in its In 1999, the international community, preparation. I am proud to note that 193 through the UN Commission for Sustain- countries are included in this report, 47 able Development, asked the UN system to countries have contributed materials or identify critical water issues, monitor examples of lessons learned, and 12 coun- change, document progress and report tries have provided pilot case studies. This back through a World Water Development has been a tremendous undertaking. The Report. At the Second World Water Forum UN is still learning how to consolidate its at The Hague, I was delighted to announce efforts and be responsive to your the birth of the World Water Assessment demands, but I think you will agree that we Programme. And it was a special pleasure have succeeded in bringing some impor- for me to offer a home in UNESCO to the tant pieces of information together. Programme's Secretariat. Allow me to Final Report warmly thank the Government of Japan for My pleasure with the process of producing funding the first phase of the Programme. the report contrasts with the very bleak picture that it paints. Water consumption Thus, the World Water Assessment Pro- has almost doubled in the last 50 years. gramme is the United Nations' response to While demand is growing dramatically at your concerns, especially the need for moni- an unsustainable rate, water supplies are toring and assessment. These are the pre- falling: over the next 20 years, the average requisites for developing sustainable supply of water worldwide per person is policies and governance. The Programme expected to drop by a third. In addition, offers the prospect of moving from vision to water quality is deteriorating: every day, actions on the basis of reliable evidence, an estimated 6000 people, mostly children cogent analysis and careful evaluation. under the age of five, die from diarrhoeal diseases. With climate change, the inten- The UN World Water Assessment Pro- sity and frequency of water-related natural gramme selected eleven key challenges, disasters are growing. Indeed, in each of most of which had figured in the your Dec- the 11 challenges that we face, the situa- laration at The Hague, as the basic struc- tion is getting worse. We are clearly not ture of its World Water Development meeting the targets. In many cases, the Report. These thematic challenges are: additional pressure due to development meeting basic needs (essentially focusing means that we are falling ever further on the promotion and protection of human behind. health), securing the food supply, protect- ing ecosystems, sharing water resources, Why is this? According to the Report, the managing risks, valuing water, governing answer appears to be lack of political cour- water wisely, water and energy, water and age and will. Attitude and behaviour prob- industry, water and cities, and ensuring lems lie at the heart of the crisis. Inertia at the knowledge base. leadership level, and a world population not fully aware of the scale of the problem, Thus, you identified the challenges and means that we are failing to take the cor- asked us to report back. Here is our rective actions required in good time. response: [Water for People, Water for Life]. Today, we are celebrating the launch Who is responsible for this failure to of this first report, and in so doing we also address the clearly pressing problems? I celebrate the power of people to work say to you — we all are. We have only our- together in a common endeavour for the selves to blame. We have failed in a cata- betterment of humankind. We have done logue of ways: to set priorities; to use our 50 Keynote Speeches 6

collective knowledge and wisdom; to gen- competent to integrate the different sec- erate needed resources; to help each tors and actors involved in freshwater. I Final Report other; to legislate for sustainable use of also propose that we work together to water; to weigh the merits and demerits of establish legislation that provides a frame- various choices; to exploit partnership; to work for enabling and enforcing environ- engage all the different actors and sectors mental protection of freshwater. I propose involved in freshwater issues; to commu- that we develop the capacities of mid-level nicate and listen to each others' concerns; professionals and practitioners to imple- and to act together. ment the new water agenda. For this, I pro- pose to establish a "governance index" to We are here at the 3rd World Water Forum assess our effectiveness in the planning to address these failures — but there are and implementation of policies for the sus- opportunities too. We must decide what tainable use of resources. we want and how we can achieve it. But time is racing by. We must move urgently We now know that the lack of financial from talk to action, but where exactly do resources is the direct result of inertia and we go from here? How are we, collectively the lack of political will. I propose that we and individually, going to respond to the mobilize appropriate resources to bring challenges set out in the World Water water issues into our schools and communi- Assessment Report? ties at every level so as to involve each indi- vidual in sharing responsibility for building a To begin with, two important events lie better future. I propose that we seek to mea- ahead on the international agenda. We sure more accurately the degree of "water must do all we can to ensure that our awareness" to assess how effective we are deliberations inform the outcomes of the in ensuring the sustainable use of water. upcoming meetings of the Commission for Sustainable Development and the G8. The We now know our ability to assess and man- CSD is seeking new ways to implement the age the water resource in an integrated man- agenda for sustainable development. It is ner is hampered by lack of institutional also looking for new ways to finance these capacity. I propose that we mobilize the scien- activities. On both counts, let us get our tific and institutional capacities needed in messages across. Significantly, the G8 order to establish networks of research centres meeting will discuss water as an item on and observation systems to gather data and its main agenda for the first time. This is monitor the state of the resource at national, clearly an important occasion as far as glo- regional and global levels. I propose to do so bal freshwater issues are concerned. by building on and improving existing local, national and regional capacities. I propose to At this point, let me try to link what we know work out a "water know-how indicator" to with what we must do. For example, we now measure our collective and separate perfor- know that about half the countries of the mance as we tackle the challenges before us. world have not yet submitted national reports on the implementation of Agenda 21 The World Water Assessment Pro- to the CSD. We also know that inertia at the gramme has demonstrated that 23 UN political level and lack of capacity are the bodies can work together for a common two major reasons for this. I propose that we goal and can be effective in moving this re-double our joint efforts to ensure that important agenda forward. Steps like every country acquires the ability to produce those I have just mentioned can help to a national plan of action for integrated water advance our ability to integrate different management and to report back to the inter- areas of concern. By hosting this UN sys- national community. tem-wide effort for the past three years, UNESCO has seen at close hand how We now know there is a governance crisis. inter-agency collaboration can achieve Therefore, I propose that, in the next six real results. Collectively, we have now years, we should double the number of produced the first edition of the World countries with proper water authorities Water Development Report. 51 51 6 Keynote Speeches

I believe in this joint effort. I believe that education, training, and the raising of public together we can make a difference. Why? awareness - capacity-building in both its Because no single institution or country or human and institutional dimensions - are pre- region can go it alone. No single UN requisites for achieving all our water-related agency has all the answers. No single gov- objectives. The UNESCO-IHE Institute has the ernment has all the answers. We need the desire and determination to make growing combined effort, the wisdom and synergy contributions to capacity-building through of many players to succeed. After all, how water education and training, but we need can we convince others to take an inte- your support, especially if rapid progress is to grated approach if we ourselves are not be made. capable of doing so? I am pleased to inform you today about a Finally, I believe in the UN system, which gives further initiative. UNESCO and the Govern- us access to all the countries of the world. ment of Japan have agreed to establish a These are our constituents. For we serve at their UNESCO Centre in Japan within the frame- behest, and must be responsive to their needs work of the International Hydrological Pro- and wishes. That is both our credibility and our gramme. On approval by the relevant strength. We should remember one thing, how- governing bodies of UNESCO, this Centre ever: the UN as a whole is greater than the sum will join the existing network of IHP Final Report of its parts. That is our greatest merit. regional and global centres. It will contrib- ute to research and capacity-building in Ladies and Gentlemen, the area of sustainable river basin devel- opment. For its part, UNESCO will continue to sup- port the UN system's World Water Assess- Ladies and Gentlemen, ment Programme. We will continue to host its Secretariat for as long as this is deemed I would like to conclude with a recommen- useful. And I invite my UN counterparts to dation and an appeal. If we all agree, I continue supporting our joint effort to would like to recommend that the World develop indicators, to monitor progress Water Assessment Programme, together against targets, to develop local and with its World Water Development Report, national capacity, and to publish our next be recognized as the UN's principal outlet World Water Development Report in 2006. for freshwater monitoring. Under the aus- Let us commit ourselves to achieving truly pices and oversight of UN-Water, WWAP global coverage, with every country partic- can take the lead in reporting progress ipating in WWAP by that year. against water-related targets, developing early warning systems of water stress and In addition, UNESCO will continue to pro- water-related conflicts, assisting coun- mote cooperation and dialogue as the best tries to conduct their own assessments, ways to avoid violent conflicts over the use developing indicators, and documenting of shared water resources. At yesterday's the state of the world's water resource on session on Water for Peace, I had the plea- an ongoing basis. As I did in The Hague sure of announcing a new initiative for the three years ago, I now appeal to the world peaceful resolution of conflicts. UNESCO community - governments, international and the World Water Council will establish financial institutions, multilateral and a "Water Cooperation Facility" as a support bilateral donors, the private sector and centre for managing water conflicts and NGOs — not merely to pledge continuing building consensus. support but also to increase it.

Another initiative is the recent creation of the Let us meet our commitments. Let us make UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, the world a healthier, more secure and located at Delft in the Netherlands. We know more peaceful place for everyone. that many countries do not have the tools and capacity to conduct assessments or to pro- Thank you. duce integrated water resource plans. Clearly, 52 Report from the 3rd World Water Forum 7

REPORT FROM THE 3RD WORLD WATER FORUM Final Report

H.E. Mr. Ryutaro Hashimoto Former Prime Minister of Japan Chairman, National Steering Committee of the 3rd World Water Forum 22 March 2003

Greetings at the Ministerial Conference: Report from the Forum

with access to safe water, sanitation and food. People in Iraq, particularly in rural areas and in the northern part of the coun- try, may be faced with the burden of being cut off from power and fresh water sup- plies. It is hoped that the protection of water infrastructure during armed conflict, and its subsequent rehabilitation, will be given special attention at the Ministerial Conference.

My greetings will be followed by a series of reports: "World Water Actions" by Dr. Mahmoud Abu-Zeid, President of the World Water Council, "Water for Peace" by Mr. Mikhail Gorbachev, President of I am deeply honored that more than Green Cross International, "Participation 23,000 people from 179 countries so far and Action by NGOs " by Ms. Hilda Grace have participated in the 3rd World Water Coelho, President of the Center for Rural Forum in spite of the precarious interna- Studies and Development, and "Financing tional situation. I have been proud to Water Infrastructure" by Michel Camdes- serve as one of the organizers of this sus, former Managing Director of the Forum, where the participants have gath- International Monetary Fund, to report to ered to discuss water, one of the most you the outcome of each topic. critical issues of the present day, from various perspectives. I trust that the discussions within the Min- isterial Conference will be fruitful and that The root of international conflict is often the Ministerial Declaration to be adopted found in poverty, and one of the key will lead to extensive and meaningful issues of poverty is water. We have been actions. addressing such water issues for the past six days at the Forum. The outcome, by Thank you very much. which I mean the statements of the major themes and regional days, is now in your hands. I trust you will examine these statements vigilantly and account for them in the Ministerial Declaration.

On March the 20th, military action was taken against Iraq. However unfortunate and undesirable war might be, it became a reality. All that we can do now, is to do our best to help refugees and internally dis- placed persons to obtain a secure shelter, 53 53 8 Sub-Group Meetings (Chair's Summary)

SUB-GROUP MEETINGS (CHAIR'S SUMMARY)

Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation (Sub-Group 1)

Chaired by H.E. Mr. Ronnie Kasrils Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa

On World Water Day - 22nd March - 2003, Ministers and senior representatives of 49 countries and international organizations discussed safe drinking water and sanitation.

Courtesy of JICA Final Report tively to enable the poor — especially the poorest of the poor — to benefit. These include household water treatment and hygiene behaviour.

Effective programmes in water, sanita- Poverty and disease are inseparable from tion and hygiene depend on financing. inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene; Transparent approaches are needed to whilst the sustained contributions of secure investment from all sources. To water and sanitation provide the founda- mobilize partnerships, measures to facili- tions of health and sustainable develop- tate investment and effective regulation ment. The focus was "moving forward to are also needed. Cost recovery is neces- action" to achieve the goals established in sary but must not bar access to minimum the millennium declaration and the prior- requirements of the poor to meet their ity that should be given to water supply essential needs. In financing increased and sanitation in development policies attention is required for actions directly and plans. serving the needs of the poor. Where sub- sidies are applied they should be targeted Achieving the millennium development to assist the most needy. goals (MDGs) for access to water and san- itation will yield important benefits. Fac- Speedy and efficient progress requires tors such as pressures on natural good governance and priority to disad- resources, emergencies and disasters, vantaged and vulnerable groups. Gover- population growth, climate change and nance should support development of all conflict may divert attention and types of partnerships. resources. Priorities include accelerating access to basic sanitation and hygiene Combinations of technical and institu- improvement. tional approaches that provide meaning- ful choices for households and The benefits of water sanitation and communities are essential. Shortfalls in hygiene must be especially extended to capacity remains a significant impedi- disadvantaged and vulnerable popula- ment in some areas and should be a prior- tions without access even to basic ser- ity for technical cooperation and NGOs. vices. Effective measures are available Technological innovation channels human that can be deployed rapidly and effec- 54 Sub-Group Meetings (Chair's Summary) 8

creativity to the solution of important Facility, Sir Richard Jolly, reporting on the problems. Forum theme "Water, Supply, Sanitation, Final Report Hygiene and Water Pollution". Presentations Children are effective agents of change and were also heard from Dr. Kati Myllymaki schools must be used to promote hygiene and concerning the Forum session on Water Life sanitation. The role of women must be ade- and Medical Care; from Ms. Wenonah Hau- quately reflected in planning, implementation ter on the session concerning Public Private and management of basic services. Preventive Partnerships; from Mr. David Boys on the health care — including water supply sanitation Forum session concerning the Union Panel; and hygiene — must be a fundamental compo- from Mr. Gerard Payen on the Forum ses- nent of health sector activities. sion concerning the CEO Panel and from Mr. Michael Rouse on the Forum session con- Information provides the basis for identifying cerning Science, Technology and Manage- priorities and effective action. Better monitor- ment Panel. H.E. Ronnie Kasrils, Minister of ing, reporting and sharing of knowledge Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa would accelerate progress. National plans pro- chaired the sub-group. Dr Jamie Bartram of vide a basis for effective action and reflection WHO acted as rapporteur. on progress. Internationally, WHO and UNICEF must continue to report on progress for Context MDGs, to the UN Commission for Sustainable Development and as a contribution to the Water supply and sanitation are at the cen- World Water Development Report. tre of major policy themes of today. Pov- erty and disease are inseparable from Appendix inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene; whilst the sustained contributions of water On World Water Day - 22nd March - 2003, and sanitation provide the very founda- Ministers and senior representatives of 49 tions of health and sustainable develop- countries and international organizations ment. The thrust of discussions was participated in a sub-group discussion on "moving forward to action" to achieve the safe drinking water and sanitation. Partici- goals established in the millennium sum- pants listened to remarks from H.E. Mr. Hans mit and the priority that should be given to Christian Schmidt, Minister of the Environ- water supply and sanitation in develop- ment, Denmark, on the EU Water Initiative, ment policies and plans — both nationally H.E. Ms. Mary Mutagamba, Minister of State and through access to international grants, for Water, Uganda, on the African Water financing and technical assistance.

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The millennium development goals and required in overall financing to favour benefits from their achievement actions directly serving the needs of the poor, including especially sanitation and Achieving the millennium development hygiene in addition to safe drinking water, goals for access to safe drinking water and which may benefit especially from revolv- sanitation will yield important benefits and ing funds. Where subsidies are applied also will contribute to achieving the goals they should be targeted to assist the poor for child mortality, malaria, environmental in accessing reliable services and not to sustainability and partnerships. At the those who can afford to pay for these ser- same time factors such as increasing pres- vices. sures on natural resources, emergencies and disasters; population growth, climate Governance and partnerships change and conflict may divert attention and resources. Some specific priorities can Achieving gains speedily and efficiently is be identified including accelerating access a priority and requires that the range of to basic sanitation combined with hygiene political, social, economic and administra- improvement. tive systems at different levels of society (good governance) are used to enable Addressing the unserved community participation in decision-mak- Final Report ing, access to information, to transparency The benefits of water sanitation and and accountability and in order to pursue hygiene must also be extended to the equity through policies and actions to give large disadvantaged and vulnerable pop- due priority to disadvantaged and vulnera- ulations who remain - and will continue to ble groups. Governance should support remain — without access even to basic development of partnerships — whether services. Effective measures are available public-public or public-private; partner- that can be deployed rapidly and effec- ships amongst government sectors; tively to enable the poor — especially the among interest groups and stakeholders; poorest of the poor — in marginalized among local government internationally. rural, informal peri-urban and urban set- Efforts are needed to build basic confi- tlements to benefit. These include house- dence, trust and consensus amongst gov- hold water treatment (including the ernment, interest groups and all International Network on Household stakeholders. Drinking-water Safety) and hygiene behaviours (the topic of the WASH cam- Hardware and software paign and the school sanitation initiative). Combinations of hardware and software Financing (education, communication, advocacy and capacity building) that provide meaningful Effective programmes across water sani- choices for households and communities tation and hygiene will depend on financ- are essential to extend benefits and to ing: to address the needs of the unserved; their sustainability. Shortfalls in capacities to increase coverage with basic services; remain a significant impediment in some to progressively upgrade services to con- areas. They should be a priority for inter- sumers; and to sustain ongoing services. national technical cooperation and may To achieve this, transparent approaches benefit from activities by NGOs. Techno- to secure investment from all sources and logical innovation channels human creativ- to mobilize partnerships are necessary; ity to the solution of important problems. and measures both to facilitate invest- Critical issues relate to water management ment and to provide effective regulation in water scarce areas (including tapping are needed. Cost recovery is necessary to fossil water, desalination, groundwater sustain services and maintain investment; recharge; dry or semi-dry sanitation; and and must not bar access to minimum drinking water quality issues). requirements of the poor to meet their essential needs. Increasing attention is 56 Sub-Group Meetings (Chair's Summary) 8

Special roles of women, children and the health sector Final Report

It is children who disproportionately carry the burden of water-related disease and women who disproportionately carry water. Children can act as effective agents of change and the schools provide opportunities to promote hygiene and sanitation. The important role of women remains inadequately reflected in their participation in planning and implemen- tation and management of water and sanita- tion facilities and services outside the household. The health sector has a special role and should recognize that preventive care — including water supply sanitation and hygiene — is a fundamental component of its activities and that they have unprecedented access to households to promote and support household level actions in particular.

Monitoring

Information and access to information pro- vide the basis for identifying priorities and for effective action. Better coordination in moni- toring and reporting and sharing of knowl- edge and experience from local, national and international levels would contribute to accel- erating progress. National plans with specific targets, based on an understanding of the national and local situation, which integrate water supply and sanitation in integrated water resource management and identify the specific needs and priorities of poor, vulnera- ble and disadvantaged populations provide a basis for effective progress and for review and refinement of strategies and approaches. At an international level, the willingness of WHO and UNICEF through their "Joint Moni- toring Programme", to continue reporting on progress on water supply and sanitation on a harmonized basis so as to inform reporting on MDGs, the UN Commission for Sustain- able Development (CSD) and as a contribu- tion to the World Water Development Report was noted. The participants encouraged them to continue to adapt the Programme to progressively improve data quality and com- parability; to respond to emerging priorities (such as discrimination of coverage by ser- vice level and water quality); and to use the programme to support the development of national capacities.

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Water for Food and Rural Development (Sub-Group 2)

Chaired by Mr. Ian Johnson Vice President, World Bank, President of CGIAR

Agriculture accounts for a global average of 70% of all water withdrawals. Irrigated agriculture occupies less than 20% of the cultivated land, but produces 40 % of world food supplies and almost 60 % of cereal production in the developing world. — Global food production will need to increase by 60% to close nutrition gaps, cope with population growth and accom- modate changes in diets. Currently, daily drinking water needs are 4 liters, but to produce food for one person for one day 4,000 liters are needed. — It is anticipated that agricultural water withdrawal will Final Report increase by 14% from 2000 to 2030 in order to meet food production needs, implying a net global expansion of arable irrigated land of some 45 million ha. — At the same and rainfed agriculture in order to meet world time, there is no additional freshwater food demands, today and in the future. - available to allocate to agriculture. Thus, Improved management of existing infrastruc- the water crisis is an agriculture crisis, and ture, although important, is not enough. without a change in agriculture, the water Additional investment is clearly needed. This equation will not be solved. also includes investment in research and extension services to increase water-use effi- In this context, the Vice Minister of Agri- ciency and develop less water using crops culture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan, that permit increasing food production with- H.E. Mr. Kitamura reported the result of out increasing water demand, investments the Ministerial Meeting on Water for Food that fully recognize hydrological uncertainty and Agriculture, organized by the Ministry and volatility, and investment strategies, in and FAO. The Meeting adopted three key some cases involving several countries. recommendations, relating to (i) food security and poverty alleviation, (ii) sus- tainable use of water, and (iii) partner- But also actions outside of the water sector ship. These recommendations provided a are needed. Some delegates noted that an valid framework for integrating working improved and more equitable trading group participants' contributions as fol- regime is needed and that investments in lows. rural infrastructure, including rural roads and electrification, market services, etc. will (i) Food security and poverty alleviation: be required.

Economic growth is essential for poverty Water strategies should be linked to reduction. Agriculture will play an impor- existing commitments and instruments tant role in economic growth amongst including those of the international low-income countries. Food production agreements such as the UNCCD and the and rural development play central roles in WSSD. Countries' poverty reduction achieving such growth. strategies (PRSPs) should reflect national water policies and strategies. Thus, coun- There is a clear need for increased invest- tries should build on existing agreements ments in rural areas, including well-function- including those at the World Summit for ing infrastructure - both related to irrigation Sustainable Development. 58 Sub-Group Meetings (Chair's Summary) 8

(ii) Sustainable use of water: by the representative of the Gender Panel who reported back to the working group Final Report Sustainability includes environmental, participants. social, and economic dimensions to ensure sustainable rural development. At the regional level, cooperation will also — Policies that provide incentives for increase benefits for food security and environmentally sustainable water and socio-economic growth alike, and should land use need to be implemented, to avoid be pursued. destruction of watersheds, desertification, diminishing local water availability At the global level, harmonization and through unsustainable farming, saliniza- coordination of aid efforts is needed to tion, pollution, aquatic resources and make partnerships work and ensure com- inland fisheries. Specifically, groundwater mon standards, as an important comple- use needs to take place in a sustainable ment to increased funds and investments. manner, including in non-renewable aqui- And at the national level, ministries deal- fers the use of which needs to be maxi- ing with the different dimensions of water mized to achieve long-term social and — such as agriculture, rural development, economic benefits. — To ensure social and irrigation, hydro, water supply and sanita- economic sustainability of investments tion — should enhance their cooperation and activities, policies ensuring demand towards a more integrated approach. driven and participatory management, including devolution of irrigation manage- International and local knowledge systems ment systems to farmers, and stable water and public good research should be use rights are paramount. strengthened. This should include global public good research, particularly aiming (iii) Knowledge and Partnership: at increased water efficiency and increased productivity in agriculture, as well as Partnerships need to be enhanced at all research and development adapted to levels, from government coordination at local conditions. There is also scope for national level to government and commu- increased South-South collaboration. nity coordination at local level. Locally, active participation of all users, including Particular emphasis is needed on public women, is crucial. Women need to take awareness and communication about their place as actors and participants, and water management and agriculture. This should not be considered only as " vulner- must be at all levels, including the local able". After all, 70% of agricultural pro- community level. This point was also ducers are female and need to be emphasized by the representative of the empowered to make poverty reduction a Journalists' Panel in his report to the reality. These issues were reemphasized working group.

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Water Pollution Prevention and Ecosystem Conservation (Sub-Group 3)

Chaired by H.E. Dr. Philippe Roch State Secretary for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, Switzerland

On 22 March 2003, representatives from 29 countries, 1 region and 10 intergovernmen- tal and other organizations participated in the Sub-Group Meeting on Water Pollution Prevention and Ecosystem Conservation at Final Report the Ministerial Conference held on the 3. The prevention of pollution must be occasion of the 3rd World Water Forum in realized at the source, by using life Japan. Dr. Philippe Roch, State Secretary cycle management for products, for the Environment, Forests, and Land- implementing sustainable produc- scape, Switzerland, chaired the meeting. tion and consumption patterns, enacting legislation, introducing eco- The first condition to ensure a sustainable nomic instruments based on the pol- water supply of good quality is to protect and luter- or user-pay principles, and use in a sustainable manner the ecosystems developing civil liability regimes. that naturally capture, filter, store and release water - such as rivers, wetlands, forests, and 4. The ecosystem approach needs other soils. This ecosystem approach is a precondi- innovative tools, such as the valuation tion for poverty alleviation; ecosystems are the of ecosystem services and the pay- basic infrastructure for water supply and sani- ment for ecological services. Every tation. "Ecosystems for water, water for peo- local, regional and international ple, ecosystems for people." The chair project should have an ecosystem con- summarized the discussion as follows. servation aspect. Water tax revenues should be returned to local stakehold- 1. Integrated water resources manage- ers including indigenous people who ment at the watershed level (whether take care of water resources through national and/or boundary or trans- an ecosystem approach. boundary) must include the conser- vation and sustainable use of 5. Multistakeholders must be involved at ecosystems. national, regional and local levels. Ministries within a country should 2. The water cycle should be consid- cooperate for proper integrated water ered from the first drop falling from resources management, i.e., between heaven, onto the land and mountain water and agriculture, water and forests, until water reaches the sea. industry, water and spatial planning, A higher value should be assigned to water and finance, etc. protecting and sustainably using groundwater, which accounts for 97 percent of the world's freshwater.

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6. Cooperation is also needed between 11. Water and culture are closely linked. the public and private sectors. The pub- Recognizing values of traditional Final Report lic sector should define the framework knowledge will enhance the sustain- to protect the environment and the able management of ecosystems and interests of the poorest. water resources.

7. International cooperation is crucial, 12. In order to manage water resources through multilateral, global and efficiently and assess the measures regional conventions on water man- taken to protect ecosystems, it is agement, such as the Ramsar Con- important to monitor ecosystems, vention on wetlands — the first water resources, including ground- convention to protect and advocate water, and factors affecting the avail- the wise use of ecosystems — as ability of safe water, through reliable well as other conventions such as the data collection and the use of geo- Basel, POPs, and PIC conventions. graphical information systems (GIS).

8. Regional cooperation on a watershed 13. The contribution of the 23 UN agen- level, source of potential conflicts, should cies that produced the World Water be a priority to be addressed with the Development Report should be rec- help of multilateral neutral institutions ognized, despite some concerns such as UNEP, UNECE, and ESCAP, etc. about the methodology and indica- tors used, and such work should con- 9. Due care should be given to the inter- tinue. twined relationships of water and biodi- versity (including the problem of alien 14. The public awareness should be species), water and forestry, water and developed through information dis- agriculture, including soils, and others. semination and education.

10. The impact of climate change on eco- 15. Capacity building is an essential ele- systems and the subsequent influ- ment to achieve the conservation of ences on the water cycle were ecosystems and prevention of water deemed as extremely important. pollution.

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Disaster Mitigation and Risk Management (Sub-Group 4)

Chaired by H.E. Dr. Ir. Soenarno Minister of Settlements and Regional Infrastructure, Indonesia

On 22 March 2003, representatives from 29 countries and regions, and 3 intergov- ernmental and other organizations met to discuss this important problem, under the chairmanship of Dr. Sunarno, Minister of cooperation between scientists and Settlements and Regional Infrastructure, water managers will be very beneficial in the Republic of Indonesia. this regard. The vulnerability of small island states to any rise in sea level should also be considered.

3. Assessment of the risk of floods and Final Report droughts and their prediction using new technological developments, particularly in the field of meteorol- ogy, can be very effective in reducing vulnerability.

4. There is a need to integrate flood and The representatives summarized the situ- drought management with the broader ations they faced and reported on the aspects of water management and land actions they were taking to reduce the use planning and to link these with eco- impact of natural hazards. The observers nomic planning. Flood management reported on the outcome of relevant dis- should be balanced with water use and cussions in the Forum and brought to the environmental concerns, based on a meeting various recommendations. river-basin approach calling for solidar- ity among all stakeholders. The main points discussed were the following: 5. A proactive approach should be taken 1. The increasing severity of water- to the management of water related related disasters, in particular floods disasters, involving the implementation and droughts, is of worldwide con- of both preventative and emergency cern as they affect the safety and response measures. well-being of all. In particular in developing countries, they cause 6. Surface water reservoirs and, for economic disruption and poverty. droughts, aquifers are essential for the Poverty itself increases greatly the alleviation of water related disasters, vulnerability of communities and and a range of structural measures has thereby helps to create disasters. a role to play in reducing natural disas- Water resources management should ters. However, non-structural mea- therefore be also focused on alleviat- sures such as forecasting and spatial ing poverty. planning can be equally, if not more, effective in many cases. 2. The potential impact of climate change is expected to include an increase in the fre- 7. We cannot eliminate the floods them- quency of floods and droughts, and this selves completely, and so we must con- must be monitored and allowed for in centrate on reducing the vulnerability future management strategies. Enhanced of the communities at risk. 62 Sub-Group Meetings (Chair's Summary) 8

8. Awareness raising and community involvement, including education and Final Report participation of youth and children, must be ensured.

9. The public sector has a key role to play, in particular by establishing legislation and providing national coordination.

10. International cooperation, particu- larly in shared river basins and aqui- fers, is essential for ensuring the sustainable development of the countries concerned.

11. Data, information and past experience are essential for the implementation of sound management practices and their collection, exchange and use in devel- oping technical guidance must there- fore be ensured, both nationally and internationally.

12. Governments are called upon to imple- ment the recommendations of the WSSD relating to natural disasters, using an integrated, multi-hazard, inclu- sive approach as laid out in para. 37 of the Summit's Plan of Implementation.

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Water Resource Management and Benefit Sharing (Sub-Group 5)

Chaired by H.E. Mr. Arjun Charan Sethi Minister of Water Resources, India

On 22 March 2003, representatives from 62 countries, 1 region and 8 international organizations discussed the theme of Water Resource Management and Benefit Sharing as part of the Ministerial Confer- ence under the Chairmanship of Hon'ble Minister for Water Resources, India, Shri Arjun Charan Sethi.

Several themes emerged in the discussion, in particular how to implement Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), ben- Final Report efit sharing in practice, the major chal- lenges to water resource management posed by climate change, the construction of dams, the promotion of dialogue and the Benefit sharing is important within and sharing of information, the needed interna- between countries. Within countries there tional support, the role of innovative tech- should be benefit sharing between urban nology etc. This report summarizes the and rural areas and between rich and discussions on the various themes, but poor. In many cases, unfortunately, water does not claim to be a consensus report. services to rich are almost free, whereas the poor pay a higher price for a poorer The importance of Integrated Water quality of service. This should be avoided. Resources Management as a way to Controlling water pollution is also impor- address the water crisis is now generally tant - as poor people suffer more from accepted. The important question is how contaminated water. Water prices need to to put IWRM into practice. There are two be redefined in the context of consumer points. First is the 'People Principle', in welfare, using principle of access, afford- other words the need to listen to people, ability and sustainability. Special empha- the need for multistakeholder participa- sis is required to help the poor and to tion and dialogues. The participatory have a fair sharing of costs within the approach in irrigation management is countries. important in this regard. The second point is the importance of governance, water Participants discussed that on interna- laws, the polluter pays principle put in tional waters win-win situations are pos- practice and river and lake basin manage- sible, even in difficult conditions. Some ment arrangements. Appropriate policies participants said that benefits in shared on regulation, management, cost recov- river basins — for instance in irrigation, ery and incentives are required for the energy, etc. — should be shared. Others wise use of water. The World Summit on said that benefits in shared river basins — Sustainable Development (WSSD) called for instance in irrigation, energy, etc. — for IWRM plans to be in place by 2005. should be shared where possible. Simi- These targets are very important and they larly, information and data across basins need to be based on broad consensus. could be shared. What is important is to There is concern though on the difficulty first invest in confidence building, capac- of meeting this deadline. ity building and in dialogues.

64 Sub-Group Meetings (Chair's Summary) 8 Final Report

In view of climate change, dams have become more relevant. There is a need for additional water storage in water stressed regions. Dams are also needed for irrigation, energy and flood control, etc. The development of dams however should follow environmental and social impact assessment and the development of resettlement plans.

We also need to make increasing use of innovative and appropriate technology for water use — such as desalination, reuse of sewage effluent and obtaining water from the atmosphere. We need to better conserve and manage water.

Lastly, participants discussed the need for international support, especially to those countries that have difficulty in meeting the important WSSD targets on water supply and sanitation. Donors should play a more active role. Support is required: financially, in capacity building and in transfer of inno- vative and appropriate technology and expe- riences with governance systems.

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Summary of Discussion in the Plenary Session

SENEGAL itself are now concerned with water affairs, but on this anniversary we would On Sub-Group 2, I would like to see like to communicate that here at the begin- included the initiative undertaken by Afri- ning of the twenty-first century, water can countries to create an appropriate must be a factor for integration. We must framework to further development of agri- join hands to resolve age-old problems culture in order to combat malnutrition together. Bolivia went through hard times and poverty. I know you know that agricul- in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. ture involves water and energy and is It lost territories through wars. But today deeply important for the economic devel- Bolivia is peaceful and wants to develop opment of Africa. Also part of NEPAD. through agreements with others. We need There are strategies for water manage- to find dialog. Water is part of that dialog. ment in this regard and would like note to On this historic date, we want to say that be taken and mention made in this report. I Bolivia is ready to do that. We hope we will know NEPAD is mentioned in the Ministe- all make an international effort. We hope rial Declaration, but here we could take that countries such as Bolivia and Chile, note of the fact that we are fighting against neighbors, can get together and resolve Final Report hunger and work with agriculture in order age-old conflicts. to fight hunger. This is of fundamental importance and want to see NEPAD men- TURKEY tioned. We are aware that the chairmen's summa- ECUADOR ries are not consensus reports. But we would draw attention to summary of 5th Both in the Ministerial Declaration and in Group on Water Resources Management the summary from the Sub-Groups indige- and Benefit Sharing. Wording of para- nous peoples are not mentioned. We have graph 5 is in our view incompatible with been advocating democracy and participa- paragraph 11 of the Ministerial Declara- tion throughout this week and important to tion, which we hope will be adopted by the mention the rights to indigenous people to Ministerial Conference today. We believe water. We would like reference to rights of that the wording should be corrected. We indigenous peoples as enshrined in inter- draw the attention of the chair to this fact. national treaties. It has to do with the issue of transbound- ary waters. Apparently it escaped the COSTA RICA attention of the rapporteur. Could this be corrected and registered? It has to do with We need to recognize the impact of culture the issue of transboundary water ship- on the water cycle; On water and culture, ments. I wonder if I could ask you to see we need new culture for sustainable use of that this is corrected. water; We need to prioritize environmental services; We need to fully internalize it. TUNISIA

BOLIVIA We're talking about health and hygiene. And the comment I want to make is con- As Minister for Agriculture, Rural Affairs, nected to this. We need to highlight the and Indigenous Peoples, I would like to objectives we want to obtain and when we say: Today is the 23rd of March. Exactly want to attain these objectives. This is not 124 years ago, we had a war with Chile clear here in the Sub-Group summary. and lost access to the Pacific Ocean. We are a landlocked country in the Andean INDIA chain. We have never been able to resolve the problem of lack of access to the sea. I want to make a brief comment on Sub- All the Sub-Groups and the Conference Group 2. The chair summary is very well 66 Sub-Group Meetings (Chair's Summary) 8

drafted. It gives very telling statistics of Another point I want to mention is, the dis- present and future scenarios of the needs tinguished delegate from Turkey men- Final Report of agriculture. But in my mind there is one tioned the para 11 of the Ministerial omission about removing this mismatch of Declaration and the main points of discus- the needs of agriculture and the availabil- sion of Group 5 in para 5. I think this too ity of water. I think there's the need to should be included, that is, one should mention or include the provision of dams, complement the other. In that case maybe etc. because much water is flowing into there will be a need for certain changes in the sea. So having concern of the needs of para 11 of the Ministerial Declaration, water of the future is also the needs of which I hope to mention at the time of the livelihoods of millions of people in devel- adoption of the Ministerial Declaration. oping countries. This would also include construction of dams, with of course due PERU regard to the environment. I would like to go a bit further with what KAZAKHSTAN we heard from Ecuador, namely, in regard to indigenous peoples. I think this could be I'd like to report our proposal. It was included in para 3 of the Ministerial Decla- announced the development of a register ration. Our group talked about water and of global water problems. From Forum to rural development, and agriculture. Agri- Forum we have the same questions raised, culture takes up about 60 % of water use, and with such a register every country but in Latin America we have trouble get- could have its questions addressed. We ting access to certain agricultural markets, could go from one problem, solve it and markets that are subsidized, or those that go to the next. are protected by non-tariff barriers. There should be some mention in the Sub-Group PAPUA NEW GUINEA report of non-tariff barriers and subsidies of markets. All week we've talked about how impor- tant water is. I'd like to talk about water NEPAL and ecosystem conservation. My colleague from Singapore talked about how to The delegate of Nepal would like to add its increase the availability of freshwater for support to the representative from Bolivia the increasing population. Watershed regarding benefit sharing and access and management is a very important issue; I'd navigation to the sea as an important ele- just like the Conference to take note. ment of benefit sharing.

BANGLADESH AZERBAIJAN

I want to bring two points. First are the dis- While I identify major challenges covered cussions in various Sub-Group meetings in Sub-Group 3 yesterday, our delegation and the Forum highlighted; I understand among others particularly stressed armed these need to be reflected in the Ministe- conflicts as a major threat to national and rial Declaration. I think in the various Sub- regional ecosystems, especially water- Group meetings, the effect of climate sheds. In his briefing, though the distin- change has been mentioned, but in the guished chair mentioned the possibility of Ministerial Declaration I have not seen any regional cooperation in addressing this reflection, although the matter was dis- issue, it is not reflected in the summary. cussed in the senior officials meeting. Our delegation would like this to be Since this has been highlighted by and reflected in the summary. mentioned by various Sub-Groups in their deliberations, I understand this needs to BRAZIL be incorporated when we discuss adoption of the Ministerial Declaration. I realize also that this is not a consensus document, but I would like to support what 67 67 8 Sub-Group Meetings (Chair's Summary)

Bolivia and Ecuador said about indigenous PARAGUAY peoples rights, this is also important to Brazil. Regarding what Bolivia said on indigenous rights, we strongly agree. We want the Another issue is the mentioning of Agenda international community to take that mat- 21, which has been important since 1992. ter seriously and want to consider putting We could add it in paragraph 2 of the sum- it into the Ministerial Declaration. In Para- mary from Sub-Group 2, when it is men- guay we have one of the major aquifers in tioned about achieving Millennium the region, the Guarani. We are carrying Development Goals; we could say it is also out a project and want to see a greater part of the Agenda 21 goals. commitment on the part of the interna- tional community to help us carry this out. I think to avoid confusion here or in the We will help conserve that aquifer for future, when this is adopted, we could say future generations. We want the interna- that the summaries are the personal views tional community to give even greater sup- of the respective chairs of each group. I port to efforts by developing countries to think it's important we point out these are carry out sustainable management of not consensus documents. water and to protect our water resources.

Final Report ARGENTINA CONGO

As regards Sub-Group 5, I think we need I want to underscore an item tabled earlier indicators that are realistic. We need indi- on regarding protection of ecosystems. cators as to access to water for those sec- Important issue, should be in Ministerial tors of our population that cannot afford Declaration. The international community the high cost of water in some areas. should be able to support from the finan- cial viewpoint the protection of ecosys- COLOMBIA tems, which have been destroyed through conflict and war. There are some species I want to make three comments: 1) In that are threatened with extinction. The Colombia, our natural park areas and our international community should under- reserves have a great deal of water and take to offer financial support to protect our mountainous region has a great deal ecosystems for the benefit of all. of biodiversity. There is a lot of water there, but there is the problem of illegal VENEZUELA drug trafficking and illegal logging. We need to tackle this. Measures continue to We want to echo the other voices from our be taken to fight these problems. 2) region. We must recognize the rights of Backup comments by Ecuador on indige- indigenous peoples and their right to nous communities. They help protect water and ecosystems. Indigenous peoples water producing areas in Latin America have shown that they know how to live countries. 3) Gender issues and drinking with nature, protect ecosystems, conserve water, we think, should be firmly stated in water. the statement. SWEDEN LIBYA One important issue is not mentioned The subject of water transfer has not been explicitly in our reports: pandemic of HIV/ included in the Declaration. Water transfer AIDS. It should be mentioned in the report is important in balancing the efficiency due to its important effect on all sectors of among water-rich and poor regions. It development, including water, and capac- should be the subject of study. ity building in the water sector.

Chair calls on the Chairs of the Sub-Group Meetings to respond to comments so far. 68 Sub-Group Meetings (Chair's Summary) 8

Sub-Group 2 (World Bank) Final Report We did talk about inclusion but the note on indigenous peoples was well taken. We did not have that discussion, but the broader issue of inclusion. The issue of climate change was not mentioned, but one dele- gate talked about hydrological uncertainty, consistent with climate change. We talked briefly about issues in the agriculture sec- tor such as trade and subsidy. On the issue of well-functioning infrastructure, we were talking broadly about infrastructure such as bulk storage, transmission of water, dis- tribution of water.

Sub-Group 3 (SWITZERLAND)

Many comments support the points in our report. 1) On Syria proposal on boundary watersheds: We can fully integrate in our report. 2) on indigenous people: We under- stand and support comments, taken into account under 4th bullet about local stake- holders, but could add words about indige- nous people to make it clearer that we recognize their role: 3) on Azerbaijan: We recognize difficulty of cooperation because of political conditions, That is why under 8th bullet call on international organiza- tions to help countries cooperate; We think that takes this requirement into account.

Sub-Group 5 (INDIA)

Regarding the "Treated sewage water" suggestion, we appreciate the point.

69 69 8 Sub-Group Meetings (Chair's Summary)

Statements on the Chair's Summary

SENEGAL numerous sessions at this Forum. While specific mention has been made on the Le chef de la Délégation sénégalaise, Mon- vulnerability of small island states from sieur le Ministre d’Etat, Ministre des climate change, the impacts and vulnera- Mines, de l’Energie et de l’Hydraulique a bility of mountain ecosystems have not rappelé l’engagement et la grande initia- been adequately addressed. tive continentale africaine qu’est le Nou- veau Partenariat pour le Développement We propose that, in addition to the small de l’Afrique (NEPAD). Il a fait remarquer le island states, the vulnerability on moun- rapport étroit de l’agriculture avec l’eau et tain ecosystems be included as well. la place privilégiée de l’eau à côté de l’énergie et de l’environnement dans le LATVIA NEPAD. Il a, à ce titre, souhaité que le NEPAD soit évoqué dans le rapport de la Comments for summary on Disaster Miti- Commission sur l’Eau pour l’Alimentation gation and Risk Management et le Développement Rural. It is necessary mentioned necessity of evo- Final Report (Translated by Secretariat) lution possible erosion areas caused by The Head of the Senegalese Delegation, water, for example, erosion of sea coast H.E. Minister of State, Minister of Mining, due climate change, rising the level of sea. Energy and Hydraulic Resources reminded Each year many countries loss lands due us of the commitment and the major initia- water erosion. tive for the African Continent: the New Partnership for Africa's Development SYRIA (NEPAD). He underlined the strong link between agriculture and water and the Sub-Group Meeting on Water pollution special status of water in addition to and Ecosystem energy and environment in the NEPAD. For this reason, he has requested that NEPAD In line (13) please add the word (boundary) be mentioned in the Report of Water Com- after the word transboundary. To be homo- mission for Food and Rural Development. geneous with the Ministerial Declaration, which we agree about it through the dis- SWEDEN cussion in the last few days.

Sweden notes that the pandemic HIV/AIDS has not been addressed in the discussions. HIV/AIDS affects all sectors of develop- ment, including the water sector. For example, the need for capacity building becomes ever more crucial considering the rapid loss of expertise as a result of the pandemic.

BHUTAN

Sub-Group on Disaster Mitigation and Risk Management (Inclusion in Point No. 2)

The impacts of climate change on moun- tain ecosystems have been well recog- nized by the WSSD and the 3rd World Water Forum. This was evident from the 70 Dialogue between Forum Participants and Ministers 9

DIALOGUE BETWEEN FORUM PARTICIPANTS AND MINISTERS Final Report

Objective Organizer

The objective of the Dialogue was to pro- The Government of Japan vide an opportunity for the Forum partici- The National Steering Committee of the pant representatives and the Ministers 3rd World Water Forum and the Heads of International Organiza- tions (hereafter "Ministers") to identify Summary and understand the differences, common- ality, and the diversity of views, and to One of the truly unique features of the 3rd broaden their perspective to properly World Water Forum was the Dialogue address the global agenda of water- between Forum Participants and Ministers. related issues and the sustainable devel- This session provided an opportunity for opment; at the same time, this would be a Water Ministers and other senior officials to venue for sharing views and information sit down with people who made presenta- through dialogues, and to foster "collabo- tions during the Conference, and other peo- rative spirit/synergy," based on the ple who attended the Conference, to discuss assumption of water issues being "every- water issues. The participants in the Dia- one's business." logue worked at small tables, each including Furthermore, the Dialogue was defined as all three categories of people, to develop a model case for discussions on water recommendations. These recommenda- resource issues with a wide range of par- tions were then reported to the full group, ticipants, as typified by Integrated Water and the recommendations were also dis- Resource Management initiatives; this played on very large screens at the front of would be presented to the global commu- the room. A total of nearly 200 Ministers or nity as a feasible way for future discus- senior officials participated in the Dialogue, sions to determine specific actions. along with more than 300 presenters, and

71 71 9 Dialogue between Forum Participants and Ministers

Conference attendees. The total number of The lists of recommendations from people participating was 519. the 1st and 2nd Rounds

Dialogue 1st Round: There were two sessions during the Dia- logue. The first session identified the most WHAT ARE THE 1-3 MOST IMPORTANT important issues related to Water and Pov- CHALLENGES IN WATER AND POVERTY? erty. The second session identified the most 1. Every country must assess the resources important actions that need to be taken fol- available to them to determine scarcity. lowing the 3rd World Water Forum. Partici- 2. Accelerated infrastructure needed — but pants also had the opportunity to prioritize small scale, and impact assessment to the lists by voting using colored dots posted protect potentially impacted people. on large wall-sized versions of their lists. 3. There needs to be a human right to water — but it must be affordable to the poor- There was strong support for integrated est of people. water resource management but this 4. Water is a human right, and that com- depends on affirming rights to water and the ment should be included in the ministe- participation of all stakeholders, including rial declaration. public and private individuals and organiza- 5. Water is a human right, and it should be tions, in decision-making about water available to the poorest people. Final Report issues. There were strong calls for account- 6. Every country must build the needed ability and transparency in decisions sur- infrastructure for sanitation and health — rounding water. In both sessions this requires investment. participants felt that future Water Forum 7. Concern that GATS and WTO could should include all such groups in its process. undermine the ability of countries to reg- ulate water properly. The participants were very enthusiastic about 8. Financing for infrastructure is fundamental. the lists they developed, and urged the mem- 9. Implementation must be sustainable — ber of the Ministerial Conference to include must include operations and mainte- their recommendations in the Ministerial Decla- nance cost. ration. The entire Dialogue was an innovative 10. Gender issues must be made central to process, showing us new ways of creating all aspects of water management, plan- direct dialogue even in conferences involving ning, decision-making and execution of large numbers of people. projects and gender-responsive budget- ing is essential.

72 Dialogue between Forum Participants and Ministers 9

11. Participation of ordinary people in deci- 35. We need peace and political stability sion-making. among countries. Final Report 12. We need appropriate technology that 36. Ministerial declaration needs to incorpo- suits local needs. rate the points we have identified in this 13. Education for women/girls and for envi- session. Water does not belong to the ronmental issues. international organizations. 14. Empowerment of local authority - 37. Recognize local community traditional finance, knowledge, human resources, initiative related to water. participation. Recognition of local values. 38. Information from local communities from 15. Better information is needed on how to local communities — traditional, indige- develop capacity to implement a clearer nous — to improve data and inform legal framework for local communities to expertise, and enable local control of manage water. water supply. 16. Leadership of the communities. 39. We have not spent enough time and 17. Democratic governance must be based in attention to indigenous people. the local community and not constrained 40. Water is needed for the environment and by the World Bank and International ecological integrity. Monetary Fund. 41. We need safe public water so that we do 18. We cannot address water poverty without not need bottled water — bottled water addressing livelihoods and the structural makes it a commodity. impoverishment of communities and peo- 42. Micro-mitigation, insurance, and invest- ples. ments for protection from floods and 19. Human excretion must be seen as a droughts. resource not as waste. 43. Rainwater harvesting must be considered. 20. Access to water is a human right — rela- 44. No single solution — must mobilize tive to privatization. resources of all sectors of society. 21. People need a minimum access without 45. Need better management of trans- interference so they can conduct their boundary groundwater and surface lives. water basins. 22. Equitable distribution of water for agri- 46. We need concrete targets for sanitation culture and... and health. 23. More emphasis on sanitation that has an 47. Doesn't believe this was real participation. ecosystem and gender responsive 48. Transfer of low cost technologies like approach. microorganisms, e.g. EM. 24. Governments have a far greater commit- 49. Need to raise public awareness for water ment to building water infrastructure. conservation. Water is life! 50. Money for water, not for war. The money 25. Political will and good governance. we need for water is being spent in the 26. Access to water and how it can reduce defense sector. poverty. 51. Poor health is always linked to poverty — 27. Lack of coordination among government choose those interventions that give us agencies and donor organizations. the most benefit for the least investment. 28. Groundwater resources need to be rec- 52. How can we ensure that Ministers will ognized as a hidden strategic resource. implement this "wish list"? 29. Don't overlook young people. 53. Who controls water will control the coun- 30. More allocation to sanitation in accor- try - water must remain under public dance with the Millennium goals. domain 31. Must reduce pollution and protect fresh 54. We need to make assurance for the dura- water resources. bility of the system — operations and 32. Must include floods and droughts in rela- maintenance. tionship to poverty. 33. Appropriate management for food secu- rity to avoid felt impacts. 34. Stop corruption in water management.

73 73 9 Dialogue between Forum Participants and Ministers

Dialogue 2nd Round: Determine rights and obligations needed to achieve those goals. Need a water WHAT ARE THE 1-3 MOST IMPORTANT fund. Ensure that there are academic ACTIONS THAT SHOULD BE TAKEN institutions dealing with water issues. AFTER WORLD WATER FORUM 3? 18. Disseminate the results to the general in 1. We need educational and awareness an understandable way - clear and strong plans for women and children as part of Ministerial statement. the development of national plans. 19. Promote real water saving in agriculture. 2. Next conference needs to be more partic- 20. Strengthen and build upon existing local ipatory, with more involvement of UN initiatives, and develop mechanisms to and NGOs. support them. 3. Imperative to implement transboundary 21. Pursue 5 citywide demonstrations of dry river basin management programs. sanitation in middle and low-income 4. Countries with large dams constructed countries. before WCD report should budget for 22. More scientific research on the nature of reparations of displaced people. water, to make use more sustainable. 5. Education and capacity building should 23. Environmental education through appro- be considered across every sector. priate obligative environmental education. 6. Water as a human right should be 24. Create a register of global ecological and Final Report enforced and be part of international water problems, with the Aral Sea as the agreements. top priority. 7. Involve youth in local and international 25. Governments and communities should decision making bodies - accredited but pool resources to collect water related uncounted vote. data in a comprehensive manner — 8. Secure a reliable database, that can be create water data banks that are sharable updated, for river flows. and transparent. 9. Technology exchange and exchange of 26. Outputs of this forum and session be know-how for capacity building. implemented through country-level 10. Ministerial declaration needs to include a action plans arrived at through participa- human right to water and health, as tools tory process — local emphasis and eco- for helping to achieve the goals for water logical systems approaches — commit sanitation. This includes empowering the country to Millennium goals. people, tackling inequities, and targeting 27. Develop new financial mechanisms, the most vulnerable. including domestic bonds, for account- 11. Need to increase financial resources for able municipal water operators, and that sanitation — need an international fund promote hydro solidarity. for water and sanitation. 28. This is a nice shopping list, be we want 12. Ensure that FTAA and WTO do not direct implementation of actions on this include water as a tradable item. list before the next World Water Forum 13. Analysis of the failure of World Bank and — but focus should be on one item at a IMF funding, use lessons learned to time, and not altogether. improve. Example: learn principles of 29. Governments must establish clear water conservation from places like Bhutan. policy and cabinet level positions on 14. Governments need to have more user- IWRM - inb consultation with civic soci- engagement on resource management ety, that includes involvement of poor. as well as supply development. 30. Any actions after conference should incor- 15. Initiate an accountable process to look at porate principles in Ministerial declaration financing the water sector which includes including good governance, financing, the different stakeholders and reflects capacity building, elimination of poverty, different development paradigms, with through infrastructure development such an emphasis on ecological sustainability. as dams and irrigated agriculture. 16. Water decision makers need to relate to 31. Study the link between existing Ministe- participatory processes. rial processes and compare it with this 17. Must mobilize the media to inform peo- process and assess the democratic ple about the Millennium objectives. nature and accountability. 74 Dialogue between Forum Participants and Ministers 9

32. Call for UN Convention on Water and Water should be accessible to all, includ- Poverty. ing the poor. Users, including farmers, Final Report 33. 3 points: (1) Share information from this should be included in forums. forum; (2) Policy, (3) followed by moni- 50. To pledge as ministers and NGOs to toring and evaluation. achieve the UN global goal for 2015, 34. Ask policy makers and donors to listen to every year to publish a report evaluating children, women, and the media. Look at progress. water as a social good. 51. Companies found guilty of corruption 35. Put water higher on political spectrum. should be blacklisted. 36. Water is a human right. We must be sure 52. Ministers just democratize the outcomes the next world war is not about water — of the forum. need some form of international arbitra- 53. Rebuild systems in Iraq. tion. 54. Decision making process must include 37. Recognize the beneficial inter-linkages of children and youth. water, sanitation and energy facilitating 55. Must reserve a certain amount of water Jo-Burg plan of implementation. for the environment. 38. Women are central to water issues and 56. Agricultural recycling — Increase water poverty reduction — ministerial confer- efficiency by providing water efficient ence on gender and water. agricultural tools to developing countries. 39. People's right to water should be inde- 57. Agricultural technology — Mobilize gov- pendent of their ability to pay — "life-line ernment and NGO efforts to encourage water". adoption of drip irrigation, rainwater har- 40. Provide assessment frameworks to vesting, crop rotation, and other sustain- benchmark and monitor progress in each able, water-conserving changes to IWRM topic, at different levels, assessing current farming methods. effectiveness of technologies, publish results before the 4th World Water Forum. 41. Governments and international organiza- tions should implement WCD policy. 42. World Water Council should not have control of the agenda for the 4th World Water Forum. 43. Include IWRM and indigenous rights, and participatory process for stakeholders in new legal framework. 44. Relationship between freshwater resources and marine resources need to be addressed by IWRM plans. 45. Financing of water services in developing countries is key issue - World Bank and IMF should stop conditionality - let coun- tries set own priorities - increase ODA to 0,7% GNP. 46. Consider implications of Camdessus Report before implementation. 47. Children can be an important partner of adults, can contribute to planning and implementation. 48. Findings of forum should be summa- rized and recommended to govern- ments for consideration in policies for implementation. 49. Local level and one level above, [user associations] should manage water. 75 75 APPENDIX Comments on the Ministerial Declaration A

COMMENTS ON THE MINISTERIAL DECLARATION Appendix IFRC (International Federation of Red include a reference to water and sanitation in Cross and Red Crescent Societies) emergencies. The International Federation of Red Cross and Second, in the Declaration, what we would have Red Crescent Societies is pleased at seeing a dec- preferred to be stronger and more explicit is the laration which shows the commitment of the role of civil society, in particular, in tackling disas- international community to deal seriously with ter mitigation related issues. We recognize the water issues. However, knowing that water is importance of international cooperation and human right, we are a bit disappointed that water development of prevention systems to reduce the in humanitarian setting is not at all in the Declara- impact of disasters. However, without support tion, although it is touched upon in the Chairs from local community and the involvement of summary of Sub-Group meeting on "safe drink- civil society, who know best the needs of their ing water and sanitation". Briefly, we would like people at grassroots' level, no disaster mitigation to give two (2) comments: or risk management can be done in an efficient way. First, we in the International Federation have a particular concern relating to the issue of water WSSCC (Water Supply and Sanitation and sanitation in emergencies. The need of the Collaborative Council) people who are affected by flood or drought, and people who are caught up in man-date disasters, Para 18 to read: such as IDPs as mentioned by Mr. Hashimoto, Basic hygiene practices starting from hand wash- Chairman of the national committee of the 3rd ing at the household level should be encouraged; World Water Forum yesterday, cannot be children can act as effective agents of change and neglected. We need to ensure the immediate sup- schools provide opportunities to promote ply of water and sanitation for the survival of hygiene and sanitation. Intensified efforts should these groups of population, made vulnerable by also be launched to promote technical break- disasters. That is why we have promoted, during throughs, especially the development... (rest of the Senior Officials' Meeting and elsewhere, a text remains unaltered) suggestion that the declaration could usefully

1 1 A List of Participants

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS (Simple alphabetical order regardless of countries, intergovernmental organizations or others.)

ADB (Asian Development Bank)

Mr. Myoung-Ho SHIN Vice President ADB, Philippines

Mr. Wouter T. LINCKLAEN ARRIENS Lead Water Resources Specialist ADB, Philippines

AfDB (African Development Bank)

Dr. Chanel BOUCHER Vice President AfDB, Ivory Coast

Mr. Philibert AFRIKA Director AfDB

Mr. Tefera WOUDENEH AfDB

Dr. Shehu YAHAYA Principal Industrial Economist AfDB

Mr. Y. VYAS Acting Head Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Unit

Mr. K. BEDOUMRA Director, Operations

Appendix AFGHANISTAN

H.E. Ahmad Yusuf NURISTANI Minister Ministry of Irrigation and Environment

Mr. Abdullah ISMAILKHAIL General Director Ministry of Irrigation and Environment, Documentation and Liaison Department

Eng. Ghafoor M. A. YAHYA Adviser to the Minister Ministry of Water Resources and Environment

Mr. Neal W. BRATSCHUN Adviser to the Minister Ministry of Irrigation, Water Resources, and Environment

ALBANIA

H.E. Besnik DERVISHI Minister Ministry of Territory Adjustment and Tourism

Mr. Milton NUSHI Director of Foreign Relations Department Ministry of Territory Adjustment and Tourism

ALGERIA

H.E. Abdelmadjid ATTAR Minister Ministry of Water Resources

H.E. Amar BENDJAMA Ambassador Embassy of Algeria

Dr. Abdelmadjid DEMMAK Director Ministry of Water Resources

Dr. Messaoud TERRA Director

Dr. Larbi BAGHDALI Director

Dr. Ali HAMMOUL Assistant Director

Dr. Arezki BERRAKI Director

Mr. Rachid TAIBI General Director National Water Resource Agency

Mr. Abderezak KHADRAOUI General Director

Dr. Boumediene MAMMAR General Director Algerienne Des Eaux

Dr. Ali HAMMAM Director Algerienne des Eaux

Mr. Lazhar ZAHOUANI In charge of protocol of the Minister Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. Med S. BENHAFID

Mr. Mekki MESSAHEL

ANGOLA

H.E. Rui August TITO Deputy Minister Ministry of Energy and Water

Mr. Abel FONSECA National Director Ministry of Energy and Water

H.E. Victor R. F. LIMA Ambassador Embassy of the Republic of Angola

Ms. Teresa GODINHO Economic and Cooperation Attache Embassy of the Republic of Angola

Ms. Tomomi HIBUKI Interpreter Embassy of the Republic of Angola

APO (Asian Productivity Organization)

Mr. Takashi TAJIMA Secretary General APO

Mr. Augustine KOH Director, Environment Department APO

Mr. Takuki MURAYAMA Senior Program Officer, APO Environment Department

2 List of Participants A

ARGENTINA Appendix Ing. Hugo Pablo AMICARELLI Undersecretary Water Resources

Mr. Oscar V. LICO President Instituto Nacional De Agua

Mr. Victor POCHAT National Director For Water Policies, Undersecretariat for Water Resources Coordination and Development

Prof. Juan J. SALLABER Adviser of the President Instituto Nacional De Agua

ARMENIA

H.E. Vardan AYVAZYAN Minister Ministry of Nature Protection

Mr. Aram TER-ZAKARYAN Head of International Agreements and Cooperation Department Ministry of Nature Protection Policy Division/Deputy Head of International

Mr. Samvel AMIRKHANYAN Head of Staff of the Ministry

AU (African Union)

Amb. Lawrence O.C. AGUBUZU Interim Commissioner The African Union

Mr. Foday BOJANG Senior Policy Officer The African Union

AUSTRALIA

Mr. Stephen HUNTER Deputy Secretary Department of Environment and Heritage

Mr. Ian G. THOMPSON First Assistant Secretary Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry

Mr. Raymond BARGE Director Australian Agency for International Development

Mr. Tom MENADUE First Secretary Australian Embassy

Mr. Gregory K. CLAYDON General Manager (Water Planning) Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Queensland

Mr. Bruce J. GRAY Assistant Director, Water Policy Section Department of Environment and Heritage

Mr. Chris Davis Chief Executive Officer Australian Water Association

Mr. Kevin F. Goss Deputy Chief Executive Murray-Darling Basin Commission

AUSTRIA

Mr. Werner WUTSCHER Secretary General Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management

Dr. Werner DRUML Director Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Mr. Manfred SCHNEIDER Director, Intern. Environmental Affairs Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management

Dr. Wolfgang STALZER Director General Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management

Mr. Andreas DIPL.-ING. KNAPP

AZERBAIJAN

H.E. Husseynglu BAGIROV Minister Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources

H.E. Altai EFENDIEV Head of Economic Cooperation and Ministry of Foreign Affairs Development Department

Ms. Asya MANAFOVA Head, Commission of Ecology National Assembly

Mr. Elchin S. GANBAROV Director Scientific Research Institute of Water Resources

BAHRAIN

Mr. Khalid ALMOHANADI Director (Electricity and Water Conservation) Ministry of Electricity and Water

BANGLADESH

H.E. Lutful Kabin SIDDIQI Minister Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. Md.Sayef UDDIN Secretary In Charge Ministry of Water Resources

Md. MUKHLESUZZAMAN Director General Bangladesh Water Development Board

Mr. Md. Sajjad H. BHUIYAN Private Secretary to Hon'ble Minister Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. Tauhidul A. KHAN Member Joint Rivers Commission

Mr. Giasuddin A. CHOUDHURY Chief Engineer O & M, BWDB

Mr. Sayeedur RAHMAN Chief Engineer BWDB

Mr. A. N. H. Akhtar HOSSAIN Director Flood Forecasting and Warning Centre, BWDB

Mr. Md. Nurul ISLAM Superintending Engineer Local Government Engineering Department, Dhaka

Mr. Sultan AHMED Senior Assistant Secretary Ministry of Water Resources

3 3 A List of Participants

Dr. Ainun NISHAT Country Representative IUCN, Bangladesh

Mr. Begum Hasna J. MOUDUD President Coastal Area Resources Development and Management Association, Dhaka

BELGIUM

H.E. Michel FORET Minister Ministre de l'Amenagement duTerritoire, de l'Urbanisme et de l'Environment, Gouvernement de la Region Wallonie

Mr. Philippe BOURY Expert of Minister

Mr. Jean PAUWELS President Flemish Environment Agency

Mr. Moussa BADJI Lead specialist Director General for Development Cooperation

Mr. Alain LEFEBVRE Inspector general

Mr. Stephan LAMBRECHT Director PROTOS

BELIZE

Mr. Yasuo INABA Senior Aide for the Government of Belize in Embassy of Belize Appendix Asia/Oceania

Ms. Ayu TAKAGI Researcher, Ministry of Natural Resources Embassy of Belize

BENIN

H.E. Luc-Marie Constant GNACADJA Minister Ministry of Environment, Housing and Urban Planning

Mr. Rogatien BIAOU Ambassadeur, Secretaire General Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et de l'Integration Africaine

BHUTAN

H.E. Lyonpo Khandu WANGCHUK Minister Ministry of Trade and Industry

Mr. Sonam TSHERING Director/department Energy, MTI

Mr. Kezang JAMTSHO Project Manager, Integrated Water Policy and Planning Division, Ministry of Agriculture Resources Management Project

Mr. Sonam TASHI Project Co-ordinator Ministry of Trade and Industry

Mr. Karma L. RAPTEN Head of Research Section National Environment Commission

BOLIVIA

H.E. Arturo LIEBERS Minister Ministry of Agriculture

H.E. Luis Carlos ESCOBAR Vice Minister Ministry of Agriculture, CattleRaising and Rural Development

Mr. Mario Francisco REVOLLO Titicaca Lake Authority Bolivia

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Mr. Hasan DERVISBEGOVIC Ambassador Ministry of Foreign Affairs

BOTSWANA

H.E. Boometswe MOKGOTHU Minister Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Affairs

Dr. A R. TOMBALE Permanent Secretary Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Affairs

Mr. Gabaake G. GABAAKE Director Department of Water Affairs

Mr. Balisi B. KHUPE Head International Water Unit

BRAZIL

Ms. Mitzi V. COSTA Head of the Environmental Division Ministry of External Relations

Dr. Joao B. SENRA Secretary of Water Resources Ministry of Environment

Prof. Benedito BRAGA Director National Water Agency

Dr. Sanderson A. M. LEITAO Manager Ministry of Science and Technology

Mr. Alexandre K. PEIXOTO Second Secretary Embassy of Brazil

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM

Mr. HJ Jumin B. HJ MARSAL Acting Permanent Secretary Ministry of Development

Mr. Mohammad Sunadi B. HJ BUNTAR Special Duties Officer Ministry of Development

Mr. HJ Hussin B. MATASSAN Acting Director of Water Services Ministry of Development

Mr. Rahman B. ABU BAKAR Engineer Ministry of Development

4 List of Participants A

BULGARIA Appendix H.E. Dolores ARSSENOVA Minister Ministry of Environment and Water

H.E. Nikolai S. KOUYOUMDZHIEV Deputy Minister Ministry of Environment and Water

H.E. Rumen MITOV Deputy Minister Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works

H.E. Peter D. ANDONOV Ambassador Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria

Mr. Ivan T. PETKOV Embassy Staff Member Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria

Ms. Marieta P. ARABADJIEVA

BURKINA FASO

H.E. Salif DIALLO Minister Ministry of Agriculture, Hydraulics and Thicket Resources

Dr. Ambroise Niouga OUEDRAOGO Director General Hydraulique Agricol

Mr. Francis D. BOUGAIRE General Manager Burkina Faso

Mr. Jerome THIOMBIANO

Mr. Yamba H. OUIBIGA Chef de Service Planification ONEA

Mr. Mamadou L. KOUATE Executive Manager Office National de l'Eau, de Vassainissement

Mr. Charles OUEDRAOGO

BURUNDI

H.E. Gaetan NIKOBAMYE Minister Ministry of Land Management, Environment and Tourism

Mr. Jeredie Innocent SINZINKAYO Counsellor Burundi

CAMBODIA

H.E. LIM KEAN HOR Minister Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology

H.E. Mr. VENG SAKHON Under Secretary of State Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology

H.E. Mr. BUN HEAN Director General Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology

Mr. PICH VEASNA Director Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology

CAMEROON

H.E. Mbella L. MBELLA Ambassador Cameroon Embassy

Mr. Martin Paul ONDOUA Sub Director Ministry of Mines Water and Power

Ms. Njock B. ONOMESSENE Chief of Service Ministry of Mines Water and Power

Mr. Jean P. BIDJOCKA Sub Director Ministry of Mines Water Resource and Energy

Mr. Richard NJOH Chief Ministry of Mines Water Resource and Energy

Mr. Rafael G. GANA Counsellor Cameroon Embassy

Ms. Brigitte NJOCK

CANADA

Ms. Karen BROWN Assistant Deputy Minister / Environmental Conservation Service Environment Canada

H.E. Joyce C. MURRAY Minister Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Government of British Columbia

Ms. Madeleine PAULIN Deputy Minister, Environment Quebec Quebec Ministry of Environment

Ms. Jennifer MOORE Director General - Water Policy Environment Canada Coordination Drecdrate

Ms. Nicole LADOUCEUR Director General, International Relations Environment Canada

Mr. Pierre BARIL Assistant Deputy Minister Environment Quebec

Mr. Matthew LEVIN Director Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade

Ms. Nancy HAMZAWI Assistant Director Canadian International Development Agency

Mr. Robart J. WETTLAUFER Senior Advisor, Resources Management Agriculture Canada - PFRA

Ms. Sabrina BARKER Senior Policy Adviser Environment Canada

Mr. Jerome FAIVRE Advisor Environment Quebec

Ms. Claire MIQUET Environment Specialist / Africa and Canadian International Development Agency Middle East

Mr. Nicolas DROUIN Senior Programmee Officer Canadian International Development Agency

Ms. Victoria EDGECOMBE Policy Advisor Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade

5 5 A List of Participants

Mr. Neil TURLAND Policy Advisor Environment, Canada

Mr. Kevin MERCER Exec Director River Sides Stewardship Alliance

CAPE VERDE

H.E. Maria Madelena B. NEVES Minister Ministry of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries

Dr. Rui Luis SILVA President National Institute for Water Resources Management

CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research)

Mr. Ian JOHNSON Chairman CGIAR

Mr. Francisco REIFSCHNEIDER Director CGIAR

CHAD

Mr. Zakaria HOSKI Director General Ministry of Environment and Water

Mr. Moussa HAROUN MAHAMAT

Mr. Moussa TACHITCHAOU Director of Water Resources and Ministry of Environment and Water

Appendix Meteorology

Engr. Wakil BUKAR Managing Director Chad Basin Authority

Engr. Muhammad S. ADAMU Executive Secretary Lake Chad Basin Commission

CHILE

Mr. Humberto PENA

CHINA

H.E. WANG SHUCHENG Minister Ministry of Water Resources

Dr. JIAO YONG Director General Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. WU JISONG Director General Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. LI DAIXIN Director General Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. YANG DERUI Deputy Director General Ministry of Water Resources

Ms. MENG ZHIMIN Deputy Director General Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. ZHANG YUE Deputy Director General Ministry of Construction

Mr. LI SHENG Deputy Director General Ministry of Agriculture

Mr. WANG SHOURONG Director General Zhejing Provincial Meteological Bureau

Mr. CHENG LIE Official Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. LIU ZHIGUANG Devision Chief Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. WANG LEI Engineer Ministry of Water Resources

Ms. WU NONGDI Project Officer Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. Tao YONGHUI Second Secretary Embassy of the Peoples Republic of China

Mr. Zhan KONGCHAO Assistant Consul Chinese Consulate General, Osaka

COLOMBIA

H.E. Cecilia RODRIGUEZ Minister Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Land Development

Mr. Carlos Rufino COSTA POSADA Director of Environmental Policy National Planning Department

Ms. Ruth M. CANO AGUILLON First Secretary Embassy of Republic of Colombia

COSTA RICA

H.E. Carlos Manuel RODRIGUEZ Minister Ministry of Environment and Energy

Mr. Ricardo ULATE Director General of Cooperation and Ministry of Environment and Energy International Relations

COTE D'IVOIRE

H.E. Patrick ACHI Minister Ministry of Economic and Infrastructures

Mr. Mamadou A. SAHKO Directeur de Cabinet Ministry of Economic Infrastructure

Mr. Hilaire DOFFOU N'TOUVI Director of Water Resources Ministry of Water and Forestry

Mr. Digbe TUI Counsellor Embassy of Cote d'lvoire

CROATIA

H.E. Bozo KOVACEVIC Minister Environmental Protection and Physical Planning

H.E. Venko CURLIN Deputy Minister Ministry for Reconstruction, Public Works and Construction 6 List of Participants A

Ms. Mojca LUKSIC Advisor State Water Directorate

Appendix CUBA

H.E. Jorge Luis ASPIOLEA Minister National Institute of Hydraulic Resources

Ms. Minerva UGALDE TEYRA Director For International Affairs And National Institute of Hydraulic Resources Collaboration

Ms. Aimee A. HERNANDEZ Head of Hydrology Department National Institute of Hydraulic Resources

Mr. HUMBERTO A. VAZQUEZ RODRIGUEZ Head of Techniques Hydraulic National Institute of Hydraulic Resources

CZECH REPUBLIC

H.E. Karel ZEBRAKOVSKY Ambassador Embassy of the Czech Republic

Dr. Pavel PUNCOCHAR Director of Department, Water Management Ministry of Agriculture Policy

Dr. Jaroslav KINKOR Director of Water Protection Department Ministry of the Environment

DEM. REP. OF THE CONGO

H.E. Marcel T. MULUMBA Ambassador Embassy of Dem. Rep.of Congo

Mr. CHARLES WA MPOYI Counsellor of The Minister Ministry of Energy

Ms. Shakembo KAMANGA Director of America, Asia and Oceania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation

Mr. Ditanta KAYEMBE Director of Water Resources Ministry of Environment

DENMARK

H.E. Hans Christian SCHMIDT Minister Ministry of the Environment

Mr. Dan NIELSEN Ambassador Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Poul HOINESS Ambassador Embassy

Mr. Henrik H. OLSEN Personal Secretary to the Minister Ministry of the Environment

Mr. Karsten SKOV Deputy Director General Danish Environmental Protection Agency

Dr. Palle LINDGAARD-JOERGENSEN Head of Department Danish Environmental Protection Agency

Mr. Mogens BREGNBAEK Chief Technical Adviser Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Carsten LARSEN Head of Section Ministry of the Environment

Ms. Camilla H. TROLLE Chief Programme Coordinator Danish Environmental Protection Agency

Mr. Tomas PRECHT Secretary Embassy

Mr. Soren JENSEN Communication Officer Danish Environmental Protection Agency

Mr. Henrik LARSEN Head of Department DHI

Mr. Jan DAHLMANN Adviser Ingenioren, Denmark

DJIBOUTI

H.E. Dini Abdallah BILILIS Minister Ministry of Agriculture, Breeding and Sea

Mr. Mohamed Ismael MOHAMED Directeur de l'Eau Ministere de l'Agriculture de l' Elevage

Dr. Mohamed JALLUDIN General Manager Centre de Recherche

DOMINICAN REP.

H.E. Rafael Francisco MOYA PONS Minister Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources

Mr. Julian Apolinar DE LA ROSA Y GUZMAN Ambassador Secretaria de Eatado de Relaciones Exteriores

EBRD (European Bank for Restruction and Development)

Mr. Jean LEMIERRE President EBRD

Mr. Alistair I. CLARK Director Environment Dept., EBRD

Ms. Brigid A. JANSSEN Director Communication, EBRD

ECO (Economic Cooperation Organization)

H.E. Seyed M. ARASTOU Secretary General ECO / IRAN

Mr. Mohammad Hassan SHEIKHOLISLAMI Special Assistant to Secretary General

ECUADOR

H.E. Edgar Efrain ISCH LOPEZ Minister Ministry of Environment

Dr. Fabian VALDIVIESO Director General of Social and Environmental Affairs Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Ivan E. CISNERO Secretary Executive Consejo Nacional de Recurso Hidricos 7 7 A List of Participants

EGYPT

H.E. Mahmud ABU-ZEID Minister Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation

H.E. Amb. Mohamed Said Deputy Assistant Ministry of Foreign Affairs A. H. ABDEL RAHMAN

Dr. Hussein EL-ATFY Undersecretary for Minister's Office Affairs Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation

Dr. Hesham M. KANDIL Director for Technology and Information Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Minister's Office

Dr. Abdel-Azim T. BADAWI Vice-President of Agricultural Research Center Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation

H.E. Mr. Mahmoud KAREM Ambassador Embassy of Egypt

Ms. Mona M. EL-KADY Chairperson National Water Research Center

Dr. Magoli M. ALI Associate Professor Faculty of Science, South Valley University

EL SALVADOR

H.E. Walter Ernesto JOKISCH Minister Ministry for the Environment and Natural Resources

Mr. Antonio Carlos Javier ARENAS ROMERO Executive Director National Service of Territorial Studies, Ministry of the

Appendix Environment of Natural Resources

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

H.E. Fortunato OFA MBO NCHAMA Minister Ministry of Fisheries and Environment

Dr. Edelmiro CASTANO B. Director General Ministry of Fisheries and Environment

ERITREA

Mr. Mogos Wonde Yohannis BAIRU Director General Ministry of Land, Water and Environment

Dr. Yemane B. ZECHARIAS National Project Director Ministry of Land, Water and Environment

ESCAP (Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific)

Dr. Hak-Su KIM Executive Secretary UNESCAP

Mr. David H. JEZEPH Chief, Water Resources Section, Environment UNESCAP and Sustainable Development Division

ESCWA (Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia)

Dr. Hasan CHARIF Chief Of Division ESCWA

Mr. Mohammed L. AL-ERYANI Team Leader, Water Issues Team ESCWA

Dr. Rawya M. KANSOH Water Expert ESCWA

Ms. Farida A. AL-JADIR Senior Research Assistant ESCWA

Ms. Julie ABOUARAB Research Assistant

ESTONIA

Mr. Indrek TAMBERG General Director of Water Department Ministry of the Environment

ETHIOPIA

H.E. Shiferaw Jarso TEDESHA Minister Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. Gulilat BIRHANE Head, Planning & Protect Department Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. Musa Mohammed ABSENO Head Trans Boundary River Department

European Commission

Mr. Koos RICHELLE Director General for Development EC

Mr. Patrick MURPHY Head of Unit EC

Mr. Philippe DUPONTEIL First Secretary EC

Ms. Mamiko Kiriyama Secretary EC

Dr. Andrea TILCHE Head of Unit EC

Mr. Andre LIEBAERT Principal Administrator EC

Dr. Cornelia E. NAUEN Scientific Officer EC

Mr. Pierrick FILLON-ASHIDA Scientific Attache / First Secretary EC

Ms. Mariko MAEDA Advisory Officer EC

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)

H.E. Jacques DIOUF Director General FAO

8 List of Participants A

Dr. Louise O. FRESCO Assistant Director General Agriculture Department

Dr. Kenji YOSHINAGA Director Land and Water Development Division Appendix

Dr. Reto FLORIN Chief Water Resources, Development and Management Service

Dr. Jean-Marc FAURES Senior Officer Water Resources, Development and Management Service

Mr. Facon THIERRY Water Management Officer FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific

Mr. Teiji TAKAHASHI Director Liaison Office in Japan

Mr. Motoi KODAIRA Liaison Officer Liaison Office in Japan

Ms. Hikaru UJIIE Secretary Liaison Office in Japan

Mr. Oliver COGELS

Mr. Jacob BURKE

Mr. Daniel RENAULT

Mr. Harry DENECKE

FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA

H.E. Akillino SUSAIA Secretary (Minister) Department of Transportation, Communication and Infrastructure

Mr. Robert M. HADLEY Assistant Secretary for Infrastructure Department of TC&I

Ms. Cynthia Henry EHMES Sustainable Development Planner Department of Economic Affairs

Mr. Tajmilur RAHMAN Civil Engineer Department of TC&I

Mr. John S. FRITZ Minister/deputy Chief of Mission Embassy of the Federal States of Micronesia, Tokyo

FIJI

H.E. Savenaca Uluibau DRAUNIDALO Minister Ministry of Works and Energy

Mr. Anasa K. VOCEA Permanent Secretary Ministry of Works and Energy

Mr. John Alfred TAVO Acting Chief Engineer Ministry of Works and Energy

FINLAND

H.E. Mr. Eero SALOVAARA Ambassador Embassy of Finland in Tokyo

Ms. Sirkka HAUTOJARVI Permanent Secretary Ministry of the Environment Finland

Mr. Hannu V. KYROLAINEN Deputy Director-General Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Mr. Timo KOTKASAARI Director General Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Mr. Kari J. KARANKO Ambassador, Director Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Mr. Matti HEIMONEN Minister-councellor Embassy of Finland

Mr. Nyyrikki KURKIVUORI Counsellor Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Mr. Eero KONTULA Advisor Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Ms. Mari HEINONEN Project Assistant Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Mr. Kai KAATRA Director Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Mr. Risto TIMONEN Counsellor Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Ms. Ulla KAARIKIVI-LAINE Director Ministry of Environment

Mr. Risto ANDBERG Scientific Secretary Academy of Finland / Ministry of Education

Ms. Hannele NYROOS Counsellor Ministry of Environment

Ms. Sirkka HAUNIA

Mr. Erkki HOLLO

Mr. Olli VARIA

Mr. Jaakko PUHAKKA

Ms. Lea KAUPPI

Mr. Antti HALKKA

Mr. Esa HARMALA

Mr. Simo ISOAHO

Mr. Kari KINNUNEN

FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

H.E. Slavko Dane PETROV Minister Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy

H.E. Besir Nazimi JASHARI Deputy Minister Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy

Ms. Jasminka R. TASEVA-MILADINOVA Director Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy

9 9 A List of Participants

FRANCE

H.E. Roseline BACHELOT-NARQUIN Minister Ministry of Ecology

H.E. Pierre-Andre WILTZER Minister Delegate Cooperation and Francophony

H.E. Mr. Bernard DE-MONTFERRAND Ambassador Embassy

Mr. Francois PUJOLAS Director of Cabinet Minister Ministry of Ecology

H.E. Mr. Denis GAUER Ambassador For Global Environment Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Herve BALLEREAU Security Officer Ministry of Ecology

Mr. Jacques DEDIEU Adviser of Minister Ministry of Ecology

Ms. Corinne MEUTEY Adviser of Press Minister Ministry of Ecology

Mr. Alain FREYNET Adviser of Minister Ministry of Ecology

Mr. Jean-Paul RIVAUD Charge de Mission Ministere de l'Ecologic et du Developpement Durable

Mr. Francois CASAL Adviser Ministry of Ecology

Mr. Pascal BERTEAUD Directeur de l'Eau Ministere de l'Ecologic et du Developpement Durable

Appendix Mr. Laurent MIGNAUX In Charge of the Communication Ministere de l'Ecologic et du Developpement Durable

Mr. Philippe GUETTIER Project Manager Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development

Mr. Philippe O. LACOSTE Head Environment Divisions Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Patrick LE FUR Security Officer Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres

Mr. Gilles POMMERET

Ms. Katia BARILLOT

Mr. Laurent BONNEAU Chef de Bureau Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Ms. Vanessa LEMAIRE-DRINKWATER Chargee de Mission Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Ms. Monique LE GENISSEL Chargee de Mission Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Pierre COLOMBIER Deputy Director Research Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Brice QUESNEL Deputy Head, Official Development Assistance Treasurey Department, Ministry of Finance and Multilateral Development Banks

Mr. Philippe CHATIGNOUX General Consul General Consul in Osaka

Ms. Emmanuelle BOULESTREAU Attache Embassy of France

Dr. Robert FARHI Scientific Attache Embassy of France

H.E. Mr. Jean-Daniel TORDJMAN Ambassador

Mrs. Josselin KALIFA Ministry of Finance

Ms. Julie CHAUVEAU Charge de Mission Embassy of France

Mr. Fabien FIESCHI First Secretary Embassy of France

GABON

H.E. Jean-Christian OBAME Ambassador Gabon Embassy

Mr. Christian O. LASSENY Directeur Direction Generale de I'Energie

Engonga-Owano FRANCOIS Deputy Minister Ministry of Forest, Fisheries, Environment

Mr. Philippe OSSOUCAH Directeur General Direction Generale de I'Energie

Mr. Chris M. NZATSI Director General of Environment Gabon

Dr. Ndong VINCENT Assistant Adviser Ministry of Water, Forest and Environment

GAMBIA

H.E. Susan WAFFA-OGOO Secretary of State (Minister) Department of State for Fisheries, Natural Resources & the Environment

Mr. Momodou O. NJIE Acting Deputy Permanent Secretary Department of State for Fisheries, Natural Resources & the Environment

GEF (Global Environment Facility)

Dr. Alfred M. DUDA Senior Advisor GEF

Dr. Andrea MERLA Program Manager GEF

GEORGIA

H.E. Nino CHKHOBADZE Minister Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Mr. Zaal LOMTADZE Deputy Minister Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

GERMANY

H.E. Uschi EID Parliamentary Secretary of State Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development

10 List of Participants A

Mr. Manfred KONUKIEWITZ Head of Division Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development

Ms. Annette VAN EDIG Desk Officer Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development Appendix

Mr. Hildegard BEHREND-KIGOZI Assistant of the Parliamentary Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development Secretary of State Federal

Ms. Dagmara BERBALK Head of Division Federal Ministry for the Environment

Ms. Bettina PEIFER Deputy Head of Division Federal Ministry for the Environment

Mr. Georg Schmidt

Dr. Mr. Heinz-Jochen POREMSKI

Mr. Johannes PREISINGER General Consul German Consulate General, Osaka-Kobe

Mr. Tsuneki AKAMATSU German Consulate General, Osaka-Kobe

GHANA

H.E. Barfuor ADJEI-BARWUAH Ambassador Embassy of Ghana

Mr. Ahmed M. HASSAN Minister Embassy

Mr. Emmanuel NKRUMAH Water Engineer Ministry of Works and Housing

GREECE

H.E. Rodoula ZISSI Deputy Minister Hellenic Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works

Mr. Kyriakos RODOUSSAKIS Ambassador Embassy of Greece

H.E. Helen TZANETOULEA Director Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Ms. Maria PEPPA Head of the Division of International Hellenic Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works Relations and EU Affairs

Ms. Anastasia BAKALI-LAZAROU Head of the Water Division Hellenic Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works

Dr. Michail SKOULLOS Senior Advisor to the Minister for the Global Water Partnership Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works

Dr. Alexandros LASCARATOS Senior Advisor to the Minister for the University of Athens, Department of Applied Physics Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works

Mr. Christos DIMITROPOULOS Minister Counsellor-Expert Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Ms. Calliope KANDARTZY Advisor to the Deputy Minister, Head of Hellenic Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works Deputy Minister's Cabinet

Ms. Maria PAPAIOANNOU Environmental expert -Administrator Hellenic Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works

Mr. Thanos KAFOPOULOS Secretary of Embassy Embassy of Greece

Mr. Nikolaos VERGHIS Secretary of Embassy Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Ms. Vasiliki KARAGEORGOU Advisor to the Deputy Minister Hellenic Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works

Ms. Stavroula PALIOU Adviser, Bureau of Hellenic Presidency Hellenic Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works

Ms. Vasiliki MALOTIDI Project Manager, Global Water Hellenic Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works Partnership-Mediterranean, Collaborator

Mr. Gian L. FAURE Director General of the External Council of European Union Relations-Development Cooperation

Mr. Panagiotis SARROS Head of Directorate of Agricultural Policy Hellenic Ministry of Agriculture

Dr. Spyros VOUGIAS Member of the Hellenic Parliament Parliament of the Hellenic Republic

Ms. Sofia KALANTZAKOU Member of the Hellenic Parliament Parliament of the Hellenic Republic

Mr. Spyridon ECONOMOU First Secretary for Economic and Embassy of Greece Commercial Affairs

GUATEMALA

H.E. Carlos CACERES RUIZ Minister Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources

Mr. Fernando E. COSTANZA RUANO Director of Plamer/MA6A

GUINEA

H.E. Mory KABA Minister Ministry of Water and Energy

H.E. Ousmane T. THIAM Ambassador Embassy of Guinea

Mr. Cheick Oumar DIALLO Directeur Hydraulique

Mr. Jean-Pierre DIAWARA Counselor Embassy of Guinea

Dr. Ousmane ARIBOT Director General R-Suinei

GUINEA-BISSAU

H.E. Isabel Gomes PEREIRA Secretary of State Secretary of State for Energy and Natural Resources

Mr. Barros Bacan BANJAI Director General for Water Affairs Secretary of State for Energy and Natural Resources 11 11 A List of Participants

GUYANA

H.E. Shaik Kamrul BAKSH Minister Ministry of Housing and Water

Dr. William Alfred WILSON Chairman the Board of Directors, Guyana Water Inc.

GWP (Global Water Partnership)

Ms. Margaret CATLEY-CARLSON Chair GWP, Sweden

Mr. Emilio GABBRIELLI Executive Director GWP, Sweden

Prof. Torkil JONCH-CLAUSEN Chair, Technical Committee GWP

Ms. Farzana SALEEM Secretary GWP, Pakistan

Mr. Ivan CHERET Member GWP

Ms. Geraldine S. JAKOB Assistant GWP

HAITI

Mr. Lionel PARISIEN Technical Director Ministry of Environment Appendix

HOLY SEE

Msgr. Frank DEWANE Undersecretary Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace

Msgr. Andrew V. THANYA-ANAN Counselor the Embassy of Holy Sea (Vatican)

Msgr. James M. REINERT Attache the Embassy of Holy Sea (Vatican)

HONDURAS

H.E. Patricia PANTING Minister Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Mr. Roberto MARTINEZ LOZANO Manager National Water Facility, SANAA

Mr. Julio CARCAMO Ministerial Advisor Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Mr. Julio CABRERA President Civil Society Forum

Mr. Marcio RODORIGUEZ Manager, Division of Planning SANAA-Honduras Water and Drainage Iffuse

Mr. Rodolfo OCHOA Director, Investigation and Analysis Division SANAA-Honduras Water and Drainage Iffuse

HONG KONG, CHINA

Prof. William C. G. KO Director of Water Supplies Water Supplies Department / HKSAR

HUNGARY

Dr. Zoltan KIS State Secretary Ministry of Environment and Water

Dr. Jozsef VARADI Deputy State Secretary Ministry of Environment and Water

Mr. Robert RAKICS Deputy State Secretary Ministry of Environment and Water

Ms. Maria M. GALAMBOS Chief Counsellor Ministry of Environment and Water

Mr. Gyula HOLLO Head of Department Ministry of Environment and Water

Mr. Peter KOVACS Dep. Head of Department Ministry of Environment and Water

IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)

Dr. Werner BURKART Deputy Director General IAEA

Dr. Pradeep AGGARWAL Head Isotope Hydrology Section

ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Area)

Dr. Adel El-Sayed EL-BELTAGY Director General ICARDA

ICELAND

H.E. Ingimundur SIGFUSSON Ambassador Embassy of Iceland, Tokyo

Mr. Ragnar BALDURSSON Counsellor Embassy of Iceland, Tokyo

IDB (Inter-American Development Bank)

Ms. Janine FERRETTI Division Chief Environment Division, IDB

Mr. Diego J. RODRIGUES Economist IDB

IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent societies)

Mr. Tadateru KONOE Federation Governing Board Member and Vice IFRC President of the Japanese Red Cross Society

12 List of Participants A

Mr. Ulrich JASPERS Unit Manager, Public Health Unit IFRC

Ms. Jocelyne BARBE Senior Assistant, Public Health Unit IFRC Appendix

Mr. Robert S. FRASER Regional Water and Sanitation Coodinator, IFRC East Africa Regional Delegation

Mr. Thanh P. LE Regional Water and Sanitation Delegate, IFRC South-east Asia Regional Delegation

Ms. Bettina BURGTHALER Regional Water and Sanitation Delegate, IFRC South Africa Regional Delegation

Mr. Fidel A. PENA Regional Water and Sanitation Delegate, IFRC Regional Delegation In Panama

Ms. Joy C. Y. MULLER External Affairs Officer IFRC

Mr. Akira NAKATA Director, International Relations Department, IFRC the Japanese Red Cross Society

Ms. Madeleen HELMER Chief Operational Officer, Climate Center, IFRC the Netherlands Red Cross

IJC (International Joint Commission)

The RT. NON. Herb E. GRAY Canadian Chair IJC

Hon. Dennis SCHORNACK IJC

Mr. Robert GROUD Commissioner, Canadian Section IJC

Dr. Jack P. BLANEY Commissioner, Canadian Section IJC

Dr. Murray CLAMEN Secretary, Canadian Section IJC

Mr. Allen I. OLSON Commissioner IJC

Ms. Irene B. BROOKS Commissioner IJC

Dr. Gerald E. GALLOWAY Secretary IJC

Mr. John A. NEVIN Policy Adviser IJC

Mr. Nick J. HEISLER Senior Adviser IJC

INDIA

H.E. Arjun Charan SETHI Union Minister Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. Ashawni Kumar GOSWANI Secretary Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. Yogeshwar VARMA Consul General Consulate General of India, Osaka

Mr. R. JEYASEELAN Chairman Ministry of Water Resources, Central Water Commission

Dr. Saleem ROMANI Member (S.M.L.) Ministry of Water Resources, Central Ground Water Board

Dr. Ramesh C. PANDA Joint Secretary Ministry of Rural Development, Department of Drinking Water Supply

Mr. V. B. KUMAR Director (External Assistance) Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. Ashok K. K. MEENA Private Secretary Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. Vanlalvawna BAWITLUNG Second Secretary Embassy of India

INDONESIA

H.E. Soenarno Minister Ministry of Settlement and Regional Infrastructure

H.E. Bungaran SARAGIH Minister Ministry of Agriculture

Ms. Masnellyarti HILMAN Deputy Minister Ministry of Environment

Mr. Koensatwanto INPASIHARDJO Executive Secretary / Chief Executive Secretary Ministry of State for National Development Planning/Bappenas

Dr. Rahmat PAMBUDHI Special Assistant to the Minister

Mr. Baginda SIAGIAN Special Assistant to the Minister

Mr. John PANTOUW Special Assistant to the Minister

Mr. Siswoko SASTRODIHARDJO Minister Advisory for Expertise and Ministry of Settlements and Regional Infrastructure Professional Development

Mr. Jinny C. KATUUK Deputy Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affair

Mr. Susanto SUTOYO Director General, Multilateral on Economic, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Finance & Development Affairs

Dr. Mochammad B. HADIMOELYONO Director of Planning and International Ministry of Settlement and Regional Infrastructure Cooperation

H.E. Hilman MANAN Director of Water Management Directorate Ministry of Agriculture

Mr. Tjoek W. SUBIJANTO Director Operation Brantas River Management Corporation

Dr. Ato SUPRORT Director General Ministry of Agriculture

Mr. Ishaka H. MUSTAMIN Agricultural Attache Indonesian Embassy

13 13 A List of Participants

IRAN

H.E. Habibollah BITARAF Minister Ministry of Energy

H.E. Reza ARDAKANIAN Vice Minister Ministry of Energy

H.E. Bahram AMINI POURI Vice Minister for Soil And Water Ministry of Jihad-E-Agriculture

Dr. Reza MAKNOON Senior Advisor to the Minister Ministry of Energy

Dr. Zieaoddin SHOAEI Director Watershed Resource Institute

Mr. Jaafar GHAFFARI SHIRVAN General Director Management and Planning Organization

Dr. Farhad YEKKEH YAZDAN DOUST Chairman Institute of Water Research

Mr. Abbasgholi JAHANI General Director Ministry of Energy

Mr. Mohammad AKBARZADEH General Manager Khorasan Province Water and Seawage Co.

Mr. Seyed Mohammad Hadi SOBHANI Diplomat, First Secretary Embassy of the I. R. IRAN

Mr. Behzad AZARSA Expert, International Economic Affairs Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Alireza NAJIMI Environmental Expert Department of Environment

Appendix Dr. Gholamreza AMINI-RANJBAR Advisor of Agriculture's Minister

IRELAND

H.E. Liam AYLWARD Minister of State Department of Agriculture and Food

Mr. John SADLIER Principal Officer, Water Quality Section Department of Environment and Local Government

Ms. Marie LENNON Private Secretary to Liam Department of Agriculture and Food Aylward T.D. Minister of State

Mr. Tim MAWE Counsellor Embassy of Ireland, Tokyo

IsDB (Islamic Development Bank)

Dr. Nizar ZAIED Technical Assistant to the Vice President IsDB

ISDR (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction)

Mr. Salvano J. BRICENO Director International Strategy for Disaster Reduction

Mr. John A. HARDING Associate Officer United Nations Secretariat for the ISDR

ISRAEL

Mr. Jacob KEIDAR Director, Multilateral Peace Talks Ministry of Foreign Affairs Coordination and Water Issues

Mr. Moshe YIZRAELI Consultant Water Commission

ITALY

Hon. Roberto TORTOLI Undersecretary Ministry of the Environment

Dr. Umberto DONATI Close to the Undersecretary Ministry of the Environment and Territory

Dr. Corrado CLINI Director General Ministry of the Environment

Mr. Gerardo CARANTE Minister Plenipotentiary Economic Cooperation Bureau, Ministry of Foreign Affairs

He Gabriele MENAGAITI Ambassador Embassy of Italy

Mr. Paolo S. BONAZZA Undersecretary Ministry of Agriculture

Dr. Valeria C. RIZZO Director Ministry of the Environment

Mr. Walter MAZZITTI Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Franco MICIELI DE BIASE Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Dr. Alfredo GUILLET Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Giorgio GIACOMELLI Hydroaid

Prof. Umberto TRIULZI Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Aldo IACOMELLI Expert Ministry of the Environment

Ms. Giovanna AGOSTINELLI Expert Ministry of the Environment

Mr. Dottor M. PARZIALE Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Ms. Sabrina DI NICORA Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Dottor Andrea MORETTI Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Ms. Simona D'ALTORIO Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Dr. Giuseppe CHIEZZI Counselor Piedmont Regional Council

Dr. Enrico MORICONI Piedmont Regional Council

Mr. Fabio MAIORANO Interpreter/Staff Embassy of Italy 14 List of Participants A

Mr. Luigi VAGAGGINI Personal Secretary of Hon. Tortoli Ministry of the Environment

Ms. Federica CINGOLANI Head of the Press Office Ministry of the Environment Appendix

Mr. Enrico VATTANI Press Office/Embassy of Italy

Ms. Viviana BIANCO Interpreter

IUCN (International Union for Conversation of Nature and Natural Resources)

Dr. Ger J. BERGKAMP Coordinator Water and Nature Initiative IUCN The World Conservation Union

Dr. Alejandro IZA Legal Officer IUCN

Dr. John SCANLON Director, Environmental Law Centre IUCN

Ms. Kelly A. WEST Coordinator, Wetlands Water Eastern Africa IUCN, Eastern Africa, Kenya

Dr. Jean Y. PIROT Head, Wetlands on Water Programme IUCN, Eastern Africa, Kenya

Ms. Rocio CORDOBA Coordinator, Wetlands Water Central America IUCN

IWMI (International Waster Management Institute)

Dr. Frank R. RIJSBERMAN Director General IWMI

Dr. David J. MOLDEN Team Leader Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture, IWMI

Dr. Tushaar SHAH Principal Scientist and Team Leader IWMI

Dr. Chris SCOTT Director-South Asia IWMI

JAMAICA

Ms. Genefa Veronica HIBBERT Permanent Secretary Ministry of Water and Housing

Mr. Donovan P. STANBERRY Chief Technical Director Ministry of Water and Housing

Mr. Basil P. FERNANDEZ Managing Director Water Resources Authority

JAPAN

H.E. Chikage OOGI Minister Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

H.E. Shunichi SUZUKI Minister Ministry of the Environment

H.E. Koki CHUMA Senior Vice-Minister Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

H.E. Ichiro KAMOSHITA Senior Vice-Minister Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare

H.E. Naoto KITAMURA Senior Vice Minister Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Mr. Yosuke TSURUHO Parliamentary Secretary Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

Ms. Shinako TSUCHIYA Parliamentary Secretary Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Hisakazu OHISHI Vice-Minister for Engineering Affairs Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

Mr. Noriyuki KAZAOKA Vice-Minister for Land and Infrastructure Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

Mr. Masanori KOBAYASHI Director-General, Water Resources Department Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

Mr. Seiya KINOSHITA Director, Water Resources Planning Division Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

Mr. Toichiro SUZUKI Director-General, River Bureau Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

Mr. Takao SHIOJIMA Deputy Director-General, River Bureau Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

Mr. Kenyu KOMURA Director, River Planning Division Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

Mr. Kazuo OKAYAMA Director, River Environment Division Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

Mr. Koji TANIMOTO Director for River Policy Coordination Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

Mr. Osamu FUJIKI Director for Watershed Management Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

Mr. Motoki OKUBO Ambassador stationed in Osaka Ministry of Foreign Affairs representing the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Mutsuyoshi NISHIMURA Ambassador in charge of Global Environment Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Ichiro FUJISAKI Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Mitsuhiro SAOTOME Ambassador for Civil Society Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Hatsuhisa TAKASHIMA Press Secretary, Director-General for Ministry of Foreign Affairs Press and Public Relations

Mr. Kaoru ISHIKAWA Director-General, Multilateral Cooperation Ministry of Foreign Affairs Department

Mr. Fumiaki TAKAHASHI Minister in charge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 3rd World Water Forum

Mr. Motohide YOSHIKAWA Deputy Director-General, Economic Ministry of Foreign Affairs Cooperation Bureau

Mr. Seiji MORIMOTO Deputy Director-General, Multilateral Ministry of Foreign Affairs Cooperation Department

15 15 A List of Participants

Mr. Hidenobu SOBASHIMA Director, Global Environment Division Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Kazuo SUNAGA Director, Research and Programming Division Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Ken OKANIWA Director, Division for Climate Change Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Kazushige SAITO Development Policy Division Ministry of Finance International Bureau

Mr. Hiroshi NAGANO Director-General for International Affairs Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

Mr. Toru ISHIDA Director, International Planning and Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Coordination Office

Mr. Chigusa HANAOKA Director, Office for Earth and Environmental Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Science and Technology

Mr. Kenji TSUNEKAWA Councillor for Health Service Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Mr. Ryutaro YATSU Director, Water Supply Division Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Mr. Hisashi YANO Director, Water Supply Planning Office Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Mr. Shinsuke OTA Director-General, Rural Development Bureau Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Mr. Yasuro NAKAJO Director-General, Rural Infrastructure Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Appendix Department

Mr. Hitoshi MIYAMOTO Director, Irrigation and Drainage Division Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Mr. Kazuo HIRASHIMA Director, International Policy Planning Division Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Mr. Yoshimoto KINOSHITA Director, International Cooperation Division Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Mr. Kenji TSUJI Director-General, Private Forest Department Forestry Agency

Mr. Masayuki TADOKORO Director, Conservation Division Forestry Agency

Mr. Nobuhiro ANDO Director, Watershed Management Office Forestry Agency

Mr. Koichiro NAKAMURA Director, Industrial Facilities Division Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Mr. Noriyasu YAMADA Councillor, Minister's Secretariat Ministry of the Environment

Mr. Yasuyoshi SAKURAI Director, Budget and Account Division Ministry of the Environment

Mr. Tokuhisa YOSHIDA Director-General, Water Environment Ministry of the Environment Department

Mr. Masahito MORIYAMA Director, Policy Planning Division Ministry of the Environment

Mr. Masao NII Director, Water Environment Ministry of the Environment Management Division

Mr. Kazuhiko TAKEMOTO Director, Waste Management Division Ministry of the Environment

JORDAN

Mr. Mohammed J. M. AL-NAJJAR Director Ministry of Water and Irrigation

Mr. Edward A. QUNQAR Director Ministry of Water and Irrigation

Ms. Tharwa NAIMAT Attache Embassy of Jordan

KAZAKHSTAN

H.E. Aitkul SAMAKOVA Minister Ministry of Environmental Protection

Ms. Nayla KULMANOVA Deputy Director of the Department Ministry of Environmental Protection

H.E. Tleukhan KABBRAKHMANOV Ambassador Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Mr. Anatoliy D. RYABTSEV Chairman Committee for Water Resources

Mr. Bulat BEKNIYAZOV Head of Prospective Planning and Ministry of Environmental Protection International Cooperation Management

Mr. Nurken MUSSIRALI Chief of Division Committee for Water Resources

Mr. Tursurgaly Dauletbaevich SANAZAROV General Director Republican State Enterprise "Canal Named Ranish Satpaev"

Mr. Yerlan BAUDARBEK-KOZHATAEV Counsellor Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Mr. Kayrat SARZHANOV First Secretary Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

KENYA

H.E. Martha Wangari KARUA Minister Ministry for Water Resources Management and Development

H.E. Mary D. ODINGA Ambassador Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary Embassy of Kenya

Prof. George Okoye KRHODA Permanent Secretary Ministry of Water Resources Management and Development

Eng. Kiptui G. CHESANG Director of Water Development Ministry of Water Resources Management and Development

KIRIBATI

Mr. Eita METAI Water Engineer

16 List of Participants A

KUWAIT Appendix Mr. Khalid AL-JASSIM Second Secretary Embassy of Kuwait

Mr. Mohammed KAMAR

LAO PDR

H.E. Siene SAPHANGTHONG Minister Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Dr. Phouang Parisak PRAVONGVIENGKHAM Deputy Chief Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Mr. Langsy SAYVISITH Director General Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

LATVIA

H.E. Raimonds VEJONIS Minister Ministry of Environment

Mr. Daiga VILKASTE Deputy Director Ministry of Environmental Protection

LEBANON

H.E. Jaafar MOAWI Ambassador Embassy of Lebanon

H.E. Mr. Hassan HACHEM Director General of Investments Ministry of Energy and Water

Mr. Bassam JABER Water Expert Ministry of Energy and Water

Mr. Salim CATAFACO Water Expert Ministry of Energy and Water

LESOTHO

H.E. Monyane MOLELEKI Minister Ministry of Natural Resources

Mr. Emmanuel Manong LESOMA Lesotho Delegate Ministry of Natural Resources

Mr. Bataung LELEKA Principal Secretary

Ms. Mazuivamba D. GUNI Principal Legal Officer Ministry of Natural Resources

Mr. Reatile T. MOCHEBELELE Water Adviser NEPAD

LIBYA

Mr. Bashir O. ELSALIH President Executive Committee for the Great Man-made river project

Mr. Mohamed A. FADEL Secretary People's Committee for drilling and conserving of water wells

Mr. Ali S. HAMERBETAN Charge d'Affaires a.i. Libyan People's Bureau

Mr. Hamid A. EL KASEH Agricultural and Live Stock Research Center

Mr. Mohamed K. A. ELGHUEL Chairman Water and Waste Water Company

Mr. Zoheer Mohamed M. BLKREWI Engineer

Mr. Saad Asmad ALGHARIANI University Lecturer

LITHUANIA

Mr. Algirdas KUDZYS Ambassador Embassy of Lithuania

LUXEMBOURG

H.E. Eugene BERGER Minister Ministry of the Environment

Mr. Jean-Paul CONZEMIUS First Adviser of the Government Ministry of the Interior

Mr. Paul HANSEN Director Water Management Administration

MACAO, CHINA

Mr. ChanCheong CHIU Adviser Office of the secretary for transport & public works

Mr. HouLAm CHING Acting Member The Executive Committee

MADAGASCAR

H.E. Jacquis RABARISON Minister Ministere de l'Energie et des Mines

Ms. Marie Elizabeth RAZANAMIHAJA Technicien Specialiste et Directour de l'Eua et Ministere de l'Energie et des Mines de l'Assainissement au Sein du Ministere de l'Energie et des Mines

Ms. Jean Herivelo RAKOTONDRAINIBE

MALAWI

H.E. Dumbo F. LEMANI Minister Ministry of Water Development

Mr. Bennet Mark MBEWE Secretary Ministry of Water Development

Mr. Owen M. KANKHULUNGO Director Ministry of Water Supply and Sanitation

17 17 A List of Participants

Mr. Sydney M. MAINALA Director Ministry of Water Development

Mr. Marvin K. CHAGUNDA Personal Assistant to the Minister Southern Region Water Board

Mr. James J. CHIKAGO Ambassador Malawi Embassy

Mr. Efrem Z. CHILIMA Councellor Malawi Embassy

MALAYSIA

H.E. Mohd Shariff OMAR Deputy Minister Ministry of Agriculture

Mdm Raja Zaharaton RAJA ZAINAL ABIDIN Deputy Director General Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister's Department

Mr. Keizrul ABDULLAH Director General Department of Irrigation and Drainage

Mdm Rosmah JENTRA Undersecretary Resource and Institutional Division, Ministry of Agriculture

Mr. Adzmy ABDULLAH Director, Agriculture Division Economic Planning, Prime Minister's Department

Md. Yusoff MD ZAIN Undersecretary Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Dr. Mohaned AZUHAN Engineer, Infrastructive Division Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister's Department

Dr. Salmah ZAKARIA Director of Corporate Development Division Department of Irrigation and Drainage Appendix Mr. King Seng TAN Senior Assistant Director Department of Irrigation and Drainage

Dr. Dolbani MIJAN Senior Assistant Director Department of Town and Country Planning

Dr. Hasnul MOHAMMAD SALLEH Senior Assistant Director Water Supply Branch, Public Works Department

IR. Weng Keong CHO State Director Department of Irrigation and Drainage

MALI

H.E. Nancoman KEITA Minister Ministry of Environment

H.E. Hamed D. SEMEGA Minister Ministry of Mines, Energy and Water

Mr. Ag Mohamed ATTAHER Conseiller Technique Ministry of Mines, Energy and Water

Mr. Oumar TRAORE Chef Division Hydraulique Urbaine Direction Nationale Hydraulique

Mr. Fatourata DIALL Ambassador Mali Embassy

Mr. Salif SACKO Mali Embassy

Mr. Oussouby SACKO Coordinator Mali Embassy

MARSHALL ISLANDS

H.E. John M. SILK Minister Ministry of Resources and Development

H.E. Amatlain E. KABUA Ambassador Embassy of Marshall Islands

Ms. Doreen DEBRUM-JURELANG Undersecretary, Asia and Pacific Affairs Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Helner Z. NELSON Counsellor Embassy of Marshall Islands

MAURITANIA

H.E. Mustapha KANE Minister Ministry of Hydraulics and Energy

H.E. Aliou Ibra BA Ambassador Mauritania Embassy

Mr. Ahmedou Ould MOHAMED LEMINE Conseiller du Ministre Islamic Republic of Mauritania

Dr. Ould Mohamed el Hacen SAADOU ABIH Inspector Ministy of Hydraulics and Energy

Mr. Bassirou DIAGANA Director National Water Resources Center

Mr. Abba OULD AHMED TOLBA Ministry of Economic Affairs and Development

Mr. Mohamed OULD DIE Agence de Promotion D'access Universel

Mr. Jarr OULD INALLA Second Counsellor Mauritania Embassy

Mr. Brahim OULD BA

Mr. Mohamed OULD TOURAD Director ONG-Tenmiya

MEDRC (Middle East Desalination Research Center)

Mr. Koussai G. QUTEISHAT Center Director MEDRC

MEXICO

H.E. Victor LICHTINGER Minister Environment and Natural Resources Ministry

Dr. Alvaro A. ALDAMA Director General Mexican Institute of Water Technology

Mr. Cesar HERRERA Deputy Director General, Programming National Water Commission, Mexico

Mr. Mario CANTU Deputy Director General, Water Administration National Water Commission

Dr. Olga OJEDA Head of the International Affairs Unit Environment and Natural Resources Ministry

18 List of Participants A

Amb. Lourdes ARANDA Director General, Global Agenda Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Raul HEREDIA Appendix

Mr. Arnaldo F. MARTINEZ OSEGUEDA General Coordinator of Social Communication Environment and Natural Resources Ministry (Semarnat) of the Mexican Government

MONGOLIA

H.E. Ulambayaryn BARSBOLD Minister Ministry of Nature and Environment

Mr. Ulziibadrakh KHOROLDAVAA Director Natural Resources Department

Mr. Purevsuren NARANBAYAR Officer of International Cooperation Department Ministry of Nature and Environment

Mr. Narantuya SANDUIJAV Interpreter

MOROCCO

Mr. Mokhtar BZIOUI Director Ministry of Land Use Planning, Water and Environment

Mr. Rachid BELAFREJ Chief of the Cabinet Ministry of Land Use Planning, Water and Environment

Mr. Mohamed BENABDELKADER

Mr. Azzedine DIOURI

Mr. Mustapha JEANAH

Mr. Ahmed BELKHEIRI

Mr. Abdedaim LAHMOURI State Secretary Ministry of Land Use Planning, Water and Environment

Mr. Abdechakour RAIS Ministry of Economic and Finance

Ms. Bouchra A. ALADUI Ministry of Land Use Planning, Water and Environment

Mr. Abdelaziz AMEZIANE State Secretary Ministry of Land Use Planning, Water and Environment

Dr. Ahmed OULHAJ Counsellor Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Mr. Brahim ELYOUSSI Counsellor Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

MOZAMBIQUE

H.E. Roberto Costley Colin WHITE Minister Ministry of Public Works and Housing

Mr. Americo MUIANGE National Director National Directorate for Water Affairs

Mr. Rui GONZALEZ Senior Advisor National Directorate for Water Affairs

Dr. Alvaro C. VAZ Senior Advisor National Directorate for Water Affairs

Mr. Helio BANZE Head of Deparment National Directorate for Water Affairs

MRC (Mekong River Commission for Sustainable Development)

Mr. Pech SOKHEM Director Technical Support Division MRC

Mr. Joern KRISTENSEN Chief Executive Officer MRC

Mr. Terry CLAYTON Coordinator MRC

MYANMAR

H.E. U Ohn Myint Deputy Minister Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation

Mr. Tin Hutu Oo Director General Department of Agricultural Planning, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation

Mr. U Zaw Win Director Irrigation Department

NAMIBIA

H.E. Helmut Kangulohi ANGULA Minister Agriculture Water and Rural Department

Mr. Kahijoro S. M. KAHUURE Acting Permanent Secretary Ministry of Agriculture

Mr. Piet HEYNS Director, Resource Management Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development

Mr. Duddley BIGGS Deputy Director Water Resource Planning

Mr. George LIKUKELA Personal Assistant to the Minister Namibia

Mr. Tommy NAMBAHU Technical Team Leader Namibia Water Resource Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development

NEPAL

H.E. Dipak GYAWALI Minister Water Resources

Mr. Chandi Prasa SHRESTHA Secretary Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation

Mr. Nirjara Nanda VAIDYA Acting Executive Secretary Water and Energy Commission Secretariat

Dr. Janak L. KARMACHARYA Managing Director Nepal Electricity Authority

Mr. Bishnu B. THAPA Joint Secretary Ministry of Water Resources 19 19 A List of Participants

Mr. Lekh M. SINGH Director General Department of Electricity Development

Mr. Sharada Prasad SHARMA Director General Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. Mohan Krishna SHRESTHA

Mr. Shiv K. SHARMA Senior Divisional Engineer

NETHERLANDS

H.E. Agnes M. A. VAN ARDENNE- Minister Ministry of Development Cooperation of International Development VAN DER HOEVEN

H.E. Egbert F. JACOBS Ambassador Royal Netherlands Embassy

Ms. Melanie SCHULTZ VAN HAEGEN State Secretary Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management

Mr. Bert KEIJTS Director General for Water Affairs Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management

Mr. Bram A. VAN OJIK Ambassador at Large a.i. for Sustainable Ministry of Foreign Affairs Development

Ir. Hans WESSELS Head Environment Policy, Instruments and Ministry of Foreign Affairs Water Department

Appendix Mr. Kees VAN LAARHOVEN Senior Adviser Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management

Mr. Jaco TAVENIER Policy Officer Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment

Mr. Murk DE ROOS Coordinator Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment

Mr. Gerrit W. ARDON Head Water Department Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment

Mr. Godfried G. J. THISSEN Deputy Director Department of Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management International Affairs

Ms. Sigrid BOLLWERK-DARWEESH Senior Consultant Nederlandse Vrouwen Raad

Ms. Isabel A. VAN DE GEER International Water Policy Advisor Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management

Ms. Ada KOS Protocol Officer Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management

Mr. Alwin NIJHUIS Communications Adviser Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management

Mr. Ben J. H. SMIT Press Officer / Spokesman Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management

Mr. Thomas BLEEKER Attache for Transport, Public Works and Royal Netherlands Embassy Water Management

Dr. Chris J. KALDEN Secretary General Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries

Mr. Peter B. VAN DE GEER Private Secretary to the Minister for Ministry of Foreign Affairs Development Cooperation

Mrs. Yvonne B.g. VAN HEES Spokesperson to Dutch Minister for Development Cooperation Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Kees-Jaap OUWERKERK Second Secretary Economic Affairs, Royal Netherlands Embassy

Mr. Jan DE VRIES Consul General Consulate General of the Netherlands, Osaka & Kobe

Mr. Cornelis HAM Vice Consul Consulate General of the Netherlands, Osaka & Kobe

Mr. Frederik VOSSENAAR Agricultural Counselor Royal Netherlands Embassy

Mr. Martinus T.J.M. VAN LITH Dutch Member of Parliament Netherlands Government

Mr. Jan M. GELUK Dutch Member of Parliament Netherlands Government

Mr. A.J.W. BOELHOUWER Dutch Member of Parliament Netherlands Government

Mr. Henk EGGINK Senior Executive Officer Department of Nature Management

Mr. Wino AARING

NEW ZEALAND

H.E. Marian HOBBS Minister Ministry for the Environment

Mr. Peter KELL First Secretary Embassy of New Zealand

Ms. Elizabeth EASTMURE Policy Analyst Ministry for the Environment

Mr. Tim BENNETTS Private Secretary Ministry for the Environment

NICARAGUA

Mr. Luis H. DEBAYLE SOLIS Executive and President of Board, Minister ENACAL

Mr. Adolfo VIVAS Assistant to the Minister

Mr. Javier ARGENAL Assistant

NIGER

H.E. Adamou NAMATA Minister Ministry of Hydraulics, Environment and Combatting Desertification

Mr. Sala A. AMADOU Direceur de Capinet du Premier Ministre Primature

Mr. Issoufou ISSAKA Director of Hydraulic Infrastructures Niger

20 List of Participants A

Dr. Seyni SALOU Directeur General SPEN-Niger

Mr. Aminou MALAM MANZO Appendix

Mr. Zibo ZAKARA Coordonnateur PSE MHE

Mr. Hassane SALEY Secretaire Executif du CNEDD Cabinet du Premier Ministre

Mr. Yvan KEDAJ Technical Adviser of the General Secretary Ministry of Hydraulic and Environment

Mr. Ousseini SALIFOU General Secretary Ministry of Hydraulic and Environment

Mr. Zakou MOUSSA Directeur General ANPIP, Niger

Mr. Ivan CHAINTREUIL Techinical Adviser in Irrigation French Embassy, Cooperation Office, Niger

Mr. Oumarou IBRAHIM Parlementaire

NIGERIA

Dr. L. C. IBE Permanent Secretary Federal Ministry of Water Resources

H.E. Emmanuel O. OTIOTIO Ambassador

Engr. Muhammad A. K. ABUBAKAR Director Federal Ministry of Water Resources, Water Supply and Quality Control

Engr. Halid U. YUSUF Deputy Director Federal Ministry of Water Resources, Irrigation and Drainage

Dr. Ja'afar A. SADEEQ Special Assistant (Technical ) to Federal Ministry of Water Resources Honourable Minister

Eng. Mustapha B. MUSA Director, President, Head of Service New Federal Secretariat

Mr. Adanu N. SULEIMAN Chief of Protocol to Minister Federal Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. John CHABO Ag Director Federal Ministry of Water Resources, Hydrogeology and Hydrology

Ms. Felicia I. NGAJI-USIBE Consulting Public Relations Officer Federal Ministry of Water Resources

Mrs. Iyabo O. IDOWU-OMINIYI Director Federal Ministry of Water Resources, Planning Research and Statistics

Mrs. Olatokunbo A. OGBE Deputy Director Federal Ministry of Water Resources, Quality Control

Mr. Patrick C. OSUOCHA Chief Scientific Officer Federal Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. Jacob K. ADEDIGBA Minister Counsellor

Mallam Baba FADA Ag. Director of Agriculture

Mr. Emanuel ADANU Deputy Director Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. Auwal A. MAI DABINO Personal Assistant to Permanent Secretary Federal Ministry of Water Resources

Mr. Valentine I. OGOSI Minister Counsellor Embassy of Nigeria

Mr. John A. SHAMONDA Deputy Director Department of Hydrology and Hydrogeology

NORWAY

H.E. Hilde JOHNSON Minister of International Development Ministry of Foreign Affairs

H.E. Odd FOSSEIDBRAATEN Ambassador Royal Norwegian Embassy

Mr. Espen GULLIKSTAD Press Spokesman Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Ms. Mari SKAARE Assistant Director General Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Dr. Inger M. BJOENNES Senior Adviser Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Semund HAUKLAND Adviser Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD)

Mr. Hans Olav IBREKK Senior Consultant ECON

Mr. Harald SOLLI Deputy Director General Ministry of Petroleum and Energy

Mr. Arne TOLLAN Senior Adviser Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate

Mr. Thomas L. BALL Senior Executive Officer Ministry of the Environment

Ms. Nina H. THORESEN Adviser Ministry of Health

Ms. Elisabeth HALLENSTVEDT Second Secretary Royal Norwegian Embassy

Mr. Haakon THAULOW Special Advisor Norwegian Institute for Water Research

Ms. Tonje FOLKESTAD General Manager Forum for Development and Environment

Mr. Tor DAHLSTROM Minister-councellor Royal Norwegian Embassy

OAS (Organization of American States)

Mr. Jorge Rucks Chief, South America OAS/USDE

OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)

Mr. Donald J. JOHNSTON Secretary General OECD

Mr. Tom S. JONES Head, Global and Structural Policies OECD Division (Environment)

21 21 A List of Participants

OMAN

Mr. Mohammed Y. AL-ZARAFI Ambassador Embassy of the Sultanate of Oman

Mr. Zaher K. AL-SULAIMANI Director General of Water Resources Affairs Ministry of Regional Municipalities, Environment and Water Resources

Mr. Suleiman S. AL-OBAIDANI Director of Water Resources Ministry of Regional Municipalities, Environment and Water Resources

Mr. Salim S. AL-DEHLI Dams Department Ministry of Regional Municipalities, Environment and Water Resources

Mr. Ahmed Z. AL-HINAI Environment Department Ministry of Regional Municipalities, Environment and Water Resources

Mr. Najeeb A. AL-RAWAS Advisor for the Minister of Ministry of Regional Municipalities, Environment and Water Resources Environmental Affairs

PAKISTAN

H.E. Aftab Ahmad Khan SHERPAO Federal Minister Ministry of Water and Power

Mr. Riaz Ahmad KHAN Additional Secretary Ministry of Water and Power

Mr. Nasser A. GILLANI Chief Planning Commission

PALAU Appendix H.E. Fritz KOSHIBA Minister Ministry of Resources and Development

Mr. Gregorio DECHERONG Energy Program Officer Palau Energy Office

Mr. Joseph "Joe" AITARO International Waters Program, Coordinator Office of Environmental Response and Coordination

PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY

H.E. Waleed SIAM Ambassador Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation

Mr. Rebhy Ata EL-SHEIKH Director of Technical Department Palestinian Water Authority

PANAMA

Mr. Ricardo ANGUIZOLA General Administrator National Environmental Authority

Mr. Laurencio GUARDIA CONTE Director Ejectivo Institute de Acueductos y Alacantarillado Nacionale

Mr. Ricardo RIVERA Director National Heritage

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

H.E. Sasa KOKINO-ZIBE Minister Ministry of Environment and Conservation

Mr. Patrick AMINI Managing Director National Water Supply and Sewerage Board

Mr. Sibona VAVIA Advisor, Project Engineer PNG Water Board

Mr. Michael Kirrwa WAU Acting Assistant Secretary Water Resources Management Branch, Department of Environment and Conservation

Ms. Kay KARIM Advisor Department of Environment and Conservation

Mr. Muhammad H. BUTT Special Advisor Department of Environment and Conservation

PARAGUAY

Mr. Celso Nazario VELAZQUEZ IBARROCA Director General Direccion General de Recuisos Hidricos Secretaria dek Amobiente

PERU

Mr. Jorge VILLACORTA Vice Minister of Construction and Sanitation Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation

Mr. Wilmer RENGIFO Congressman President of the Agricultural Commission

Mr. Luis MACCHIAVELLO Ambassador Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Embassy of Peru

Mr. Romulo MUCHO President of the Board of Directors of the Ministry of Energy and Mining Geological, Mining and Metallurgical National Institute (INGEMMET)

Mr. Guillermo LEON Director General of Sanitation Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation

Mr. Enrique SALAZAR Manager of Water Resources National Institute of Natural Resources (INRENA)

Ms. Martha PEREA Second Secretary / Multilateral Affairs Embassy of Peru

Mrs. Mana Teresa ORE Member of the Board of Directors Institute for the Promotion of Water Management (IPROGA)

PHILIPPINES

Hon. Edgardo Javier ANGARA Senator Senate of the Philippines

Mr. Manuel Manligas BONOAN Undersecretary Department of Public Works and Highways

Mr. Jesus Emmanuel Magbag PARAS Administrator National Irrigation Administration

Mr. Robert S. JAWORSKI Senator Senate of the Philippines

Ms. Elisea G. GOZUN Co-Head of Delegation Department of Environment and Natural Resources

22 List of Participants A

POLAND Appendix Ms. Jadwiga RODOWICZ Minister-Counsellor

Prof. Waldemar MIODUSZEWSKI Head of Water Resource Department Institute for Land Reclamation and Grassland Farming (IMUZ)

PORTUGAL

H.E. Eduardo J. MARTINS Secretary of State for the Environment Ministry of the Environment

H.E. Jose P. ALMEIDA Adjunct Secretary of State to the Minister for the Territorial Planning

Mr. Manuel LACERDA Vice-president of Water Institute

Ms. Simone PIO

Eng. Carlos MATTAMOUROS RESENDE President Institute for Rural Development and Hydraulics

Prof. Luis A. SANTOS PEREIRA President Rural Engineering Studies Center of Agronomics

Mr. Nuno SANCHEZ LACASTA Advisor of the Secretary of State for the Ministry of the Environment Environment

QATAR

Mr. Fahad M. AL-DULAIMI Director-Water Network Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation

Mr. Yousef A. JANAHI Corporate Planning and Business Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation Development Manager

Mr. Abdul Manam A. DARWISH Manager, Water Distribution Network Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation

Dr. Mohamad Y. AL-SULAITI Manager, Environment, Safety and Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation Quality Assurance

RAMSAR (Ramsar Convention Bureau)

Mr. Delmar A. BLASCO Secretary General Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971)

REP. OF CONGO

Charles NGANGOUE Counseller Hydraulique

REP. OF KOREA

Mr. Young Jin KIM Minister Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Mr. Il-Joong KIM Assistant Minister Ministry of Construction and Transportation

Mr. Ki-Dong SEO Director of River Management Division Ministry of Construction and Transportation

Mr. Young-jae KIM Deputy Director of Environment Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Cooperation Division

Mr. Deuk-Koo KOH Principal Researcher Water Resources Research Institute of Korean Water Resources Corporation

Mr. Young W. KIM Deputy Director Office of Prime Minister

Mr. Seung-Hwan LEE Deputy Director Ministry of Environment

Mr. Sang Pil KWON Director Rural Development Policy Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF)

Mr. Daesu EO Senior Researcher Rural Research Institute, KARIOO

Mr. Byoung-Kwon MIN Construction and Transport Attache Embassy of the Republic of Korea

Mr. Young Hwa KIM Director of Rural Research Institute KARICO

Mr. Hak Su JEONG Director General Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Mr. Jong Ha BAE Director General Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Mr. Won Ryang CHO Director Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Mr. Sang Jae LEE Director Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Mr. Il Hwan KIM Deputy Director Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Ms. Ae Ree PARK Deputy Director Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Mr. Haeng Seog KIM Secretary Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Han Gyu PARK

Dr. Sung KIM Director Sustainable Water Resources Research Center

ROMANIA

Mr. Aurelian NEAGU Counsellor Embassy of Romania

Dr. Daniela RADULESCU Secretary Central and Eastern European Network of Basin Organization

23 23 A List of Participants

RUSSIA

H.E. Nikolay M. TARASOV First Deputy Minister Russian Federation Ministry of Natural Resources

Dr. Yuri S. TSATUROV First Deputy Head Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring

Mr. Vassily A. NEBENZIA Deputy Director Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of International Organizations

Mr. Alexander V. GRACHEV Deputy Head Department of International Cooperation, Russian Federation Ministry of Natural Resources

Mr. Sergi VASILIEV Counsellor Russian Embassy

RWANDA

H.E. Bikoro MUNYANGANIZI Minister Ministry of State in charge of Water and Natural Resources

Mr. Bruno MWANAFUNZI Director of Water and Sanitation Ministry of State in charge of Water and Natural Resources

SADC (Southern African Development Community)

Mr. Phera S. RAMOELI Chief Engineer (Sector Coordinator) SADC Water Sector

Appendix SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

H.E. Douglas Wilbert SLATER Minister Ministry of Health and the Environment

Mr. Daniel Ezekiel CUMMINGS General Manager Central Water and Sewage Authority

SAINT LUCIA

H.E. Felix FINISTERRE Minister Ministry of Communications, Works, Transport and Public Utilities

SAMOA

H.E. Faumuina LIUGA Minister Ministry of Works, Water and Electric Power Corporation

Dr. Tuuu Ietiai TAULEALO Chief Executive Officer Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Mr. Unasa MESI Parliament Undersecretary Ministry of Works

Mr. Latu S. KUPA General Manager Samoa Water Authority

Mr. Toetau P. TUFUGA Savaii Operation Manager Samoa Water Authority

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

H.E. Arlindo DE CEITA CARVALHO State Secretary for Environment, Land Management and Protection of Nature

Mr. Ligia Soares BARROS Director

SAUDI ARABIA

H.E. Ali S. AL-TOKHAIS Deputy Minister Ministry of Water Affairs

Eng. Abdul Aziz A. R. AL-JABR Director Department of Projects

Mr. Ahmad A. G. AL-GHAMDI Director, Water Research Ministry of Water, Water Resources Department

Mr. Saleh A. AL-JARRAH Director of Research and Development of Water Desalination

Dr. Hashim A. SHATA First Secretary Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia

Mr. Alif KAAKI Manager

Mr. Souliman AMETA Translator for Media Section Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia

Ms. Miyuki MORI Coordinator Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia

Ms. Yuko SUDORI Translator Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia

SBC (Secretariat of the Basel Convention)

Dr. Sachiko KUWABARA-YAMAMOTO Executive Secretary SBC (UNEP)

Ms. Hiriko MOSKO Junior Programme officer SBC (UNEP)

SENEGAL

H.E. Macky SALL Minister Ministry of Resources, Mines, Energy and Water

H.E. Habib SY Minister Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock

Ms. Anta SECK Head Water Resources Planning and Management

Mr. Gabriel A. SAR Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock

Mr. Youssoupha KAMARA

Mr. Diene FAYE

24 List of Participants A

Mr. Madio FALL

Mr. Mamadou SAMB Appendix

Mr. Serigne Mbaye Sy DIOP

Mr. Mamadou DIA

Mr. Abdoulaye SENE

Mr. Mouhamed Fadel NDAW

Mr. Moussa BAKHAYOKHO Adviser Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock

SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO

Mr. Slobodan PROSIC First Counsellor Embassy of Serbia and Montenegro

Dr. Slobodan PETKOVIC Assistant Minister Ministry of Agriculture and Water

SIERRA LEONE

H.E. Emmanuel GRANT Minister Ministry of Energy and Power

Mr. Justin A. MUSA General Manager / Chief Engineer Water Supply Division

SINGAPORE

H.E. LIM SWEE SAY Minister Ministry of the Environment

Mr. KHOO SEOW POH Director Ministry of the Environment

Mr. GOH SEOW HUAT Personal Security Officer Singapore Police Force, Police Security Command

Mr. THARAMAPALAN JAYAPREGASHAM Assistant Director Public Utilities Board, Water Reclamation Department

Mr. TAN GIIN BO Engineer Public Utilities Board, Water Department

Mr. KOH BOON AIK Deputy Director Public Utilities Board, Water Department

Mr. EE HAN C. SNG Assistant Director Ministry of the Environment

Ms. Lisan TAN Assistant Director Ministry of the Environment

Mr. Chan Y. KUM

SLOVAKIA

Mr. Milan MATUSKA Director General Ministry of Environment, Environment Components Protection Department

Mr. Jaroslav SMIESNY Counsellor Embassy of Slovakia

SLOVENIA

H.E. Robert BASEJ Ambassador Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia

Ms. Mateja VODEB Third Secretary Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia

SOLOMON ISLANDS

H.E. Laurie CHAN Minister Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. John-Wolton WASI Assistant Secretary/Europe/Asia/Africa Ministry of Foreign Affairs

SOUTH AFRICA

H.E. Ronnie KASRILS Minister Department of Water Affairs and Forestry

H.E. Thoko Angela DIDIZA Minister Department of Agriculture and Land Affairs

Mr. Seetella MAKHETA

Mr. Cornelius RUITERS Chief Director Water Use and Conservation, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, National Government

Ms. Annette HUGO Fet Water Coordinator Department of Water Affairs and Forestry

Mr. Mike MULLER Director General Department of Water Affairs and Forestry

Ms. Bongiwe N. NJOBE Director General Department of Agriculture and Land Affairs

Mr. Elias Liphapang POTLOANE Deputy Director General, Operations Department of Water Affairs and Forestry

Ms. Vangile B. TITI Deputy Director General, Program Planning, Department of Agriculture and Land Affairs Monitoring and Evacuation

Ms. Barbara SCHREINER Deputy Director General, Operations Department of Water Affairs and Forestry

Dr. Sizwe S. MKHIZE Research Manager Water Research Commission

Ms. Thandeka MBASSA Chief Director: Central Cluster Department of Water Affairs and Forestry

Ms. June B. JOSEPHS Senior Manager: International Relations Department of Agriculture and Land Affairs

Mr. Kalinga Upachitra PELPOLA Director: Water Services Department of Water Affairs and Forestry

25 25 A List of Participants

Ms. Portia TSHABALALA Private Assistant to the Minister Department of Water Affairs and Forestry

Ms. Ellen HLATYWAYO Private Secretary to the Minister Department of Agriculture and Land Affairs

Mr. Sydney T. DIDIZA

Mr. Yong T. CHUNG First Secretary South African Embassy

Ms. Alicia C. PETERS First Secretary (Political)

Mr. Reginald TEKATEKA Department of Water Affairs and Forestry

Mr. Peter VAN NIEKERK Chief Director: Planning

Fawcett M. NGOATJE Director of International Liaison Department of Water Affairs and Forestry

SPAIN

H.E. Pascual FERNANDEZ Secretary of State for Water and Coast Ministry of Environment

Mr. Juan Manuel ARAGONES General Director of Hydraulic Word's Ministry of Environment and Water Quality

Mr. Jose Antonio LLANOS Tajo River Basin Authority Ministry of Environment

Appendix Mr. Juan CANOVAS Segura River Basin Authority Ministry of Environment

Mrs. Amparo RAMBLA Deputy General Director Ministry of Environment

Mr. Carlos BELTRAN Director of Secretary of State Cabinet Ministry of Environment

Mr. Miguel A. PEREZ Press Cabinet Ministry of Environment

Mr. Jose Maria SANTAFE Head of Unit, General Direccion, Ministry of Environment Hydraulic Word's and Water Quality

Mr. Manuel VARELA Head of Unit, General Direccion, Ministry of Environment Hydraulic Word's and Water Quality

Mr. Juan LEON Head of Unit, Cabinet Minister Ministry of Environment

Mr. Juan A. VERA APARICI Technical Adviser on Information Technology Civil Engineering and Research Environment

SRI LANKA

H.E. Gemini J. PERERA Minister Ministry of Irrigation and Water Management

Mr. Millawalage Sandasiri WICKRAMARACHCHI Secretary Ministry of Irrigation and Water Management

Mr. Udahawatte G. JAYASINGHE Secretary Ministry of Water Management

Mr. D.W.R. WEERAKOON Director General of Irrigation Ministry of Irrigation and Water Management

SUDAN

H.E. Kamal Ali MOHAMED Minister Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources

Mr. Mohamed Hassan AMMAR Director General National Water Corporation

Dr. Osman E. HAMAD Chairman Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources, Permanent Joint Technical Commission for Nile Waters

Mr. Yousif F. AHMED Director Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources, Permanent Joint Technical Commission for Nile Waters

Mr. Elsadig A. ABDALLA Agriculturalist MSC, Sudan

Mr. Mohamed A.G. ELHAG

SURINAME

H.E. Franco Rudy DEMON Minister Ministry of Natural Resources

Mr. Jerrol Raoul FERRIER Head of the Water Supply Service Ministry of Natural Resources

SWAZILAND

H.E. Magwagwa B. MDLULI Minister Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy

Mr. Raphael Sanele SANGWENI Senior Water Engineer Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy

SWEDEN

H.E. Lena A. S. SOMMESTAD Minister Ministry of the Environment

Ms. Viveka BOHN Ambassador Ministry of the Environment

Mr. Michael LINDSTROM Ambassador Embassy of Sweden

Mr. Lennarth HJELMAKER Director Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Mr. Stellan F. HAMRIN Special Adviser Ministry of the Environment

Ms. Katarina PERROLF Special Adviser Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Mr. Jakob STROM Desk Officer Ministry of the Environment

Ms. Annika NILSSON Desk Officer Ministry of the Environment 26 List of Participants A

Mr. Johan H. HASSLOW Press Officer Ministry of the Environment

Mr. Henrik NILSSON Second Secretary Embassy of Sweden Appendix

Mr. John-Olof Y. VINTERHAV Senior Programme Officer Sida

Mr. Bengt JOHANSSON Head of Division Sida

Ms. Maria HANSSON Ombudsman Swedish Municipal Worker's Union

SWITZERLAND

Dr. Philippe ROCH State Secretary, Director General Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape

Dr. Dora RAPOLD Assistant Director General Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

Ms. Sibylle VERMONT Senior Scientific Officer Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape

Ms. Veronika ARTI Expert Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, Switzerland

Dr. Franz G. STOESSEL Senior Water Advisor Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

Mr. Thomas ZELLER Head of Division, Social Development Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

Ms. Manuela JOST Deputy Head of the International Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape Affairs Division

Ms. Sabine ZELLER Senior Scientific Officer Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape

Dr. Katharina KUMMER Senior Advisor Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

Ms. Elisabeth MARET Senior Information Officer Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape

Mr. Roberto MENDEZ Director PROMIC

SYRIA

H.E. Sleman RAMMAH Vice Minister Ministry of Irrigation

Eng. Atef Hamdan DEEB Director Planning Dep. Ministry of Irrigation

TAJIKISTAN

Mr. Usmonkul SHOKIROV Minister Ministry of Nature Protection

Ms. Lyudmila LAPSHINA Adviser Permanent Mission of Tajikistan to the UN

TANZANIA

H. E. Edward N. LOWASSA Minister Ministry of Water and Livestock Development

H. E. Sadati BURHAN Minister Ministry of Water, Works, Energy and Land

Mr. Mpendazoe FREDERICK Principal Water Officer Ministry of Water and Livestock Development

Ms. Elly E. MTANGO Ambassador Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary Embassy of Tanzania

THAILAND

H.E. Kasit PIROMYA Ambassador Royal Thai Embassy, Tokyo

Dr. Plodprasop SURASWADI Permanent Secretary Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

H.E. Mr. Dhammarong PRAKOBBOON Deputy Permanent Secretary Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

Mr. Surachai SASISUWAN Director General Department of Water Resources

Mr. Prachon CHAROENSRI Director General Department of Groundwater Resources

Mr. Charoon KANOLRATANA Chief Engineer Royal Irrigation Department

Ms. Sukontha AEKARAJ Director, Foreign Relations Branch Department of Water Resources

Dr. Atchara WONGSAENGCHAN Chief, Administration System Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Development Section

Mr. Theerapat PRAYURASIDDHI Technical Chief Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Mr. Samnieng MUANGNIL Counsellor Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Sathana KASHEMSANTA NA AYUDHAYA First Secretary Royal Thai Embassy, Tokyo

Suwit THANOPANUWAT

Surasri KIDTIMONTON

TIMOR-LESTE

Mr. Joao Pereira GERONIMO Director Water and Sanitation Service (WSS)

Mr. Gregorio D. ARAUJO Chief, Urban Water Supply, Water and Ministry of Transport, Communications, and Public Works Sanitation Service (WSS)

Dr. Haraprasad VADDIPARTHI UN Adviser, Water and Sanitation Service (WSS) Ministry of Transport, Communications, and Public Works

27 27 A List of Participants

TOGO

Mr. N'tcha Datschmia YEMBETTI Deputy Minister Ministere de l'Equipment

Dr. Derman ASSOUMA Director General Direction Generale de L'Hydraulique

Mr. Ismail K. BIGUITCHA-FARE Director General Regie Nationale des Eaux (RNET)

Mr. Mawuli K. AMEGADJE Coordonnateur National Plan National d'Action pour l'Environnement

TONGA

H.E. Fielakepa Minister Ministry of Lands, Survey and Natural Resources

Mr. Tevita MALOLO Secretary and Surveyor General Ministry of Lands, Survey and Natural Resources

Mr. Rosamond Taumoefolau BING Assistant Secretary Ministry of Lands, Survey and Natural Resources

Mr. Saimone HELU

Mr. Vi HAOULI

TUNISIA

Appendix H.E. Mr. Ameur HORCHANI Secretary of State Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Water Resources

H.E. Mr. Salah HANNACHI Ambassador Embassy of Tunisia

Mr. Abdelkader HAMDENE Secretary General Ministry of Agriculture

Mr. Seddik SAAD General Director Commissaire Regional au Developpement Agricole

Mr. Khalis ATTIA General Director ANPE

Mr. Seyf-Allah REJEB First Secretary Embassy of Tunisia

Mr. Bouzekri REMILI Secretaire des Affaires Etranger Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Moncef HAJERI First Councellor Embassy of Tunisia

TURKEY

H. E. Imdat SUTLUOGLU Minister Ministry of Environment

H. E. Mr. Oktay OZUYE Ambassador, Director General, Economic Ministry of Foreign Affairs Affairs

Mr. Hasan EKIZ Director General, Agricultural Research Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

Mr. Kasif ERYALCIN Head of Department, Bilateral Economic Ministry of Foreign Affairs Affairs

Mr. Mithat RENDE Head Of Department, Regional And Ministry of Foreign Affairs Transboundary Waters

Mrs. Kumru ADANALI Head Of Department Ministry of Environment

Mr. Yakup DARAMA Deputy Head Of Department, Technical Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, General Directorate of Research and Quality Control State Hydraulic Works

Mr. Murat HATIPOGLU Head Of Section, Research Planning Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works

Mr. Kani BILGIC Head of Section, Basin Reclamation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Reservoirs

Mr. Altay ALTINORS Advisor Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mrs. Barcin AGCA Advisor Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Mr. Ahmet Z. ERKAN Engineer Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

Mrs. Aysema OZCELIK Engineer Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

Mr. Tolga ERDOGAN General Coordinator, International Relations The Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) Regional Development Administration

Mrs. Aysegul KIBAROGLU Coordinator, International Relations The Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) Regional Development Administration

Mr. M. K. YASINOK Deputy Head of GAP Administration The Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) Regional Development Administration

Mr. Ko OBATA Interpreter

TUVALU

H.E. Maatia TOAFA Minister Ministry of Works and Energy

Mr. Pusinelli LAAFAI Secretary Ministry of Works and Energy

UGANDA

H.E. Ruhakana RUGUNDA Minister Ministry of Water, Land and Environment

H.E. Mary MUTAGAMBA Minister of State for Water Ministry of Water, Land and Environment

Mr. Eng. Sottie BOMUKAMA Commissioner Water Resources

28 List of Participants A

Mr. Nsubuga SENFUMA Commissioner Water Resources Management

H. E. Dandi MIGEREKO Minister State of Energy Appendix

Mr. Kato R. SSALONGO National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC)

Ms. Joyce M. MAGALA Water Aid

Mr. Fred KIMATE Hydrologist Water Resource Management Department

Dr. Maimuna NALUBEGA Lecturer Makerere University

UKRAINE

H.E. Yuriy KOSTENKO Ambassador Embassy of Ukraine

Mr. Illya KVAS First Secretary Embassy of Ukraine

Dr. Peter KOVALENKO Director IHELR, Ukraine

Dr. Olga ZHOVTONOG Deputy Director IHELR, Ukraine

UNCCD (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification)

Mr. Hama A. DIALLO Executive Secretary UNCCD

Mr. Masanori KOBAYASHI Programme Officer UNCCD

UNCRD

Mr. Kazunobu ONOGAWA Director UNCRD, Nagoya

UNDESA (Department of Economic and Social Affairs)

Mr. Manuel B. DENGO Chief, Water, Natural Resources and UNDESA SIDS Branch

Ms. Marcia M. BREWSTER Senior Economic Affairs Officer, Focal Point UNDESA for International Year of Freshwater, 2003

UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)

Mr. Shoji NISHIMOTO Assistant Administrator UNDP

Mr. Ingvar ANDERSSON Senior Water Policy Advisor UNDP

Dr. Umana ALVARO Leader Environmentally Sustainable UNDP Development Group

Mr. Tetsuo KONDO Special Adviser, Japan Unit, Bureau for UNDP Resources and Strategic Partnership

Ms. Akiko YUGE Director UNDP

Dr. Hakan TROPP Water Resources Specialist UNDP

Mr. Takashi KONDO Deputy Director UNDP

Mr. Tatsuo FUJIMURA Adviser on South Cooperation Special Unit UNDP for Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries

Ms. Akiko FUJII Public Relations Officer UNDP Tokyo Office

Ms. Makiko KORIYAMA Programme Specialist UNDP Tokyo Office

Mr. Erik DAVIES Policy Specialist, Bureau for UNDP Development Policy

Ms. Yoko DOI Programme Assistant UNDP

Ms. Etsuko SHIMADA Logistics Coordinator UNDP Tokyo Office

UNECA (United Nations Economic Commission for Africa)

Dr. Stephen M. DONKOR Senior Regional Adviser UNECA

UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe)

Mr. Kaj O. BARLUND Director Environment and Human Settlements Division, UNECE

Mr. Rainer E. ENDERLEIN Secretary Water Convention, UNECE

UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)

Dr. Klaus TOEPFER Executive Director United Nations Environment Programme; Kenya

Ms. Veerle VANDEWEERD

Mr. Halifa O. DRAMMEH Deputy Director, Division of Policy UNEP HQs. Development and Law

Ms. Julia CRAUSE Assistant to the Executive Director UNEP

Mr. Masaharu NAGAI Head, International Legal Instrument UNEP

29 29 A List of Participants

UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)

Mr. Koichiro MATSUURA Director General UNESCO

Mr. Michael T. L. MILLWARD Senior Executive Officer, Office of UNESCO-Paris-France the Director-General

Ms. Minako KANO Programme Specialist UNESCO

Dr. Andras SZOLLOSI-NAGY Director Division of Water Sciences UNESCO

Dr. Abdin SALIH Director UNESCO Tehran Officer

Dr. Janos J. K. M. BOGARDI Chief of Section UNESCO, Division of Water Sciences

Dr. Jose A. TEJADA-GUIBERT Deputy Secretary of the International UNESCO / Headquarters Paris, France Hydrological Programme

Ms. Alice AURELI

Mr. Vincent LEOGARDO Programme Assistant UNESCO / Headquarters Paris, France

Ms. Chifa TEKAYA Programme Specialist in the Ethics of UNESCO Water, Environment and Sustainable Development

Appendix Mr. Alexander OTTE Assistant Programme Specialist UNESCO - International Hydrological Programme

Ms. Amy M. OTCHET Unesco Press Officer UNESCO

Ms. Isabelle LE FOURNIS Press Officer Bureau of Public Information UNESCO

UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund)

Mr. Richard LEETE Chief Population and Development Branch, Technical Support Division, UNFPA/USA

Ms. Kiyoko IKEGAMI Director UNFPA, Tokyo Office

UN-HABITAT (United Nations Human Settlements Programme)

Ms. Anna K. TIBAIJUKA Executive Director UN-Habitat

Mr. Kalyan RAY Chief UN-Habitat

Mr. Andre DZIKUS UN-Habitat

UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund)

Mr. Kul GAUTAM Deputy Executive Director UNICEF

Ms. Vanessa J. TOBIN Chief, Water, Environment and UNICEF / USA Sanitation (WES)

Mr. Samuel KOO Director UNICEF, Japan

Dr. Suomi SAKAI Representative UNICEF / Nepal

Mr. Colin DAVIS Chief, WES, Dhaka UNICEF/ Bangladesh

Mr. Waldemar PICKARDT UNICEF

Ms. Akila BELEMBAOGO Representative UNICEF CHAD

Ms. Dominique PETROONS Project Officer, WES, Khartoum UNICEF

Mr. Manuel Eduardo Maciel F. Water and Environmental Sanitation Project UNICEF, Angola Officer - Section Chief

Mr. William FELLOWS Chief, WES UNICEF, Nigeria

Mr. Phillipe BARRAGNE-BIGOT UNICEF

Ms. Lizette BURGERS Senior Advisor, WES UNICEF

Mr. Mansoor M. ALI Senior Advisor, WES UNICEF

Dr. Anne E. SHEERAN Consultant UNICEF

Ms. Nagayo SAWA Communication Officer UNICEF Office for Japan

Mr. Dan ROHRMANN UNICEF

Ms. Sae-Ryo KIM Project Officer UNICEF Office for Japan

Mr. Yoshihisa TOGO Executive Director Japan Committee for UNICEF, Jaspan

Mr. Ken HAYAMI Secretary General Japan Committee for UNICEF, Jaspan

UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization)

Mr. Ferda M. GELEGEN Industrial Development Officer UNIDO

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

H.E. Mohamed J. SAMHAN Director General Ministry of Foreign Affairs, U.A.E.

H.E. Awad M. AL-OTAIBA Undersecretary Ministry of Electricity and Water

30 List of Participants A

H.E. Ahmed A. ALMUALLA Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Embassy of the United Arab Emirates, Tokyo

Mr. Abdulla Mohamed Ahmed E. Director of Control and Radioactivity Ministry of Electricity and Water Appendix Almutawwa ALSHEHHI Protection Department

Mr. Salim Fareed Mohamed AKRAM Head of Water and Dams Department Ministry of Agricultures and Fisheries

Mr. Mohammad Mohd Saleh Director of Water Department Ministry of Electricity and Water, Water Department Abdulwahed KAMAL BOOR

Mr. Mohammad Hussain M. KHADIN Director of Minister's Office Ministry of Electricity and Water

UNITED KINGDOM

H.E. Elliot MORLEY Minister Water, DEFRA

Mr. Bradley C. BATES Private Secretary to UK Water Minister DEFRA

Mr. John F. BALLARD Director for Water DEFRA

Mr. Martin W. WALSHE Senior Water Advisor Dept. for International Development (DFID)

Ms. Jean TRAIN Press Secretary DEFRA, UK

Dr. John MURTON Second Secretary (Global Policy) British Embassy, Tokyo

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Ms. Paula DOBRIANSKY Under Secretary for Global Affairs & State/G Head Of Delegation

Mr. Benjamin GRUMBLES Deputy Assistant Administrator EPA

Ms. Judith AYRES Assistant Administrator EPA / OIA

Mr. Ronald HOFFER Principal Advisor for International EPA / OW Water Programs

Mr. Jonathan MARGOLIS Office Director State / OES

Mr. Anthony F. ROCK Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary State / OES

Mr. Aaron SALZBERG Senior Advisor for Water State / OES

Ms. Diane E. TATE Foreign Affairs Secretariat State / OES

Ms. Barbara BEST Coastal Resources & Policy Advisor USAID

Mr. Alan HURDUS Water Team Leader USAID

Mr. Peter MCCORNICK Water Resources Specialist USAID

Ms. Sharon MURRAY Water Resources Advisor USAID

Ms. Jacqueline SCHAFER Deputy Assistant Administrator USAID

Mr. Richard VOLK Coast And Aquatic Program Manager USAID

Mr. Alan D. HECHT Associate Director White House

Mr. William FREJ Director, Development Issues White House/NSC

Mr. Kevin K. MAHER Minister Counselor U.S. Embassy, Tokyo

Mr. John WECKER Science Officer U.S. Embassy, Tokyo

Ms. Kathleen M. EAGEN Science Officer U.S. Embassy, Tokyo

Ms. Violanda BOTET U.S.Delegation State/G

Mr. John E. WASIELEWSK

Dr. James BUTLER Deputy Undersecretary US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA)

Mr. John SIMON Deputy Assistant Administrator U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)

Mr. Patrick CRONIN Assistant Administrator U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)

UNU (United Nations University)

H.E. Hans J. A. VAN GINKEL Rector UNU

Prof. Ralf DALEY Director International Network on Water, Environment and Health

Prof. Motoyuki SUZUKI Vice-rector UNU

Prof. Iwao KOBORI Senior Academic Advisor UNU

Dr. Srikantha HERATH Senior Academic Programme Officer UNU

Dr. Libor JANSKY Senior Academic Programme Officer Environment & Sustainable Development Programme

Mr. Terry COLLINS Communications Advisor UNU

Ms. Kumi FURUYASHIKI Programme Associate Environment & Sustainable Development Programme

Ms. Charmine KODA Senior Communication Officer UNU

31 31 A List of Participants

URUGUAY

H.E. Carlos A. CLULOW Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Embassy of Uruguay

UZBEKISTAN

H.E. Abdurakhim First Deputy Minister Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources Abdurakhmanovich DJALALOV

VANUATU

Mr. Christopher YOAN Director Department of Geology, Mines, Energy and Water Resources

VENEZUELA

H.E. Alejandro HITCHER Vice Minister Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources

Ing. Carlos BIVERO Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Embassy of Venezuela

Ms. Sharon A. MANNO Third Secretary Embassy of Venezuela

VIETNAM Appendix

H.E. LE HUY NGO Minister Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Dr. LE VAN MINH Director General, International Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Cooperation Department

Ms. PHAM THI HONG HANH Program Officer, International Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Cooperation Department

Mr. Dang Q. TINH Director General of Flood Control Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and Dyke Management

WHO (World Health Organization)

Dr. Jamie BARTRAM

Mr. Robert BOS

Mr. Hiroki HASHIZUME Sanitary Engineer

WMO (World Meteorological Organization)

Prof. Godwin Olu P. OBASI Secretary General WMO

Mr. Avinash C. TYAGI Director, Hydrology And Water Resources WMO Department

Mr. Mohamed TAWFIK

World Bank Group (The World Bank Group)

Mr. Peter WOICKE Managing Director & Executive Vice President The World Bank Group

Mr. Ian JOHNSON Vice-president & Head of Network The World Bank Group

Mr. Jamal SAGHIR Director The World Bank Group

Mr. John BRISCOE Senior Water Advisor The World Bank Group

Mr. Declan DUFF Director, IFC The World Bank Group

Ms. Yoko EGUCHI Partnership Coordinator The World Bank Group

Mr. Rafik HIRJI Senior Water Resources Specialist The World Bank Group

Ms. Meike VAN GINNEKEN Water & Sanitation Specialist The World Bank Group

Mr. Walter STOTTMANN Program Manager The World Bank Group

Ms. Tracey OSBORNE Knowledge Manager The World Bank Group

Mr. Salman SALMAN Lead Counsel The World Bank Group

Mr. David GREY Senior Water Resources Advisor The World Bank Group

Mr. Salah DARGHOUTH Sector Manager The World Bank Group

Mr. Christian DELVOIE Sector Director The World Bank Group

Mr. Liping JIANG Senior Irrigation Engineer The World Bank Group

Mr. Abel MEJIA Sector Manager The World Bank Group

Ms. Karin KEMPER Senior Water Resources Specialist The World Bank Group

Ms. Marjory-Anne BROMHEAD Sector Manager The World Bank Group

Mr. Richard UKU Senior Communications Officer The World Bank Group

Ms. Kristyn EBRO Communications Officer The World Bank Group

Mr. Yukio YOSHIMURA Vice President & Special Representative The World Bank Group

Mr. Tom TSUI Deputy Special Representative The World Bank Group

32 List of Participants A

Mr. Koichi OMORI Junior Communications Officer The World Bank Group

Ms. Hitomi SASAKI Communications Officer The World Bank Group Appendix

Ms. Atsuko NUIBE Publications Officer The World Bank Group

Mr. Motoharu FUJIKURA Director, IFC The World Bank Group

Mr. Sergio PIMENTA Special Assistant to EVP, IFC The World Bank Group

Mr. Joseph O'KEEFE Manager, Corporate Relations, IFC The World Bank Group

Mr. Motomichi IKAWA Executive Vice President, MIGA The World Bank Group

Ms. Angela PARIS Senior Underwriter, MIGA The World Bank Group

Ms. Mari KOGISO Special Representative, Tokyo, MIGA The World Bank Group

Mr. Javed HAMID Regional Director of East Asia and Pacific International Finance Corporation (World Bank Group)

WSSCC (Water Supply & Sanitation Collaborative Council)

Sir Richard JOLLY Chairman of WSSCC WSSCC / Switzerland

Dr. Darren L. SAYWELL Programme Manager WSSCC / Switzerland

Ms. Eirah GORRE-DALE Communications Adviser and Spokes Person WSSCC / New York / USA

WWAP (World Water Assessment Programme)

Mr. Gordon YOUNG Coordinator WWAP

Mr. Carlos A. FERNANDEZ-JAUREGUI Coordinator WWAP

Mr. Yoshiyuki IMAMURA Environment Economics Expert WWAP

Mr. Takeo JIMBOW Senior Programme Specialist WWAP

Ms. Alison M. CLAYSON Senior Programme Officer WWAP

Mr. Jean-Marie BARRAT Consultant WWAP

Mr. Engin C. KONCAGUL Expert WWAP

Ms. Lena SALAME Coordinator PCCP UNESCO Project WWAP

Ms. Maria del Pilar M. GONZALEZ WWAP

Ms. Marie-Aude BODIN Editor WWAP

Ms. Reiko KAWAMURA Secretary WWAP

Mr. Abera M. GONET Chief Engineer Ministry of Water Resources

Dr. Tabeth M. CHIUTA Africa Water Task Force / IUCN, Zimbabwe

Dr. Tamsir NDIAYE

Dr. Djibril SALL

Dr. Babacar DIAGNE Chief Communication, External Relations and New Technologies

Mr. Julio SANJINES GOYTIA

Dr. Alberto CRESPO MILLIET Lake Titicaca Binational Autononous Authority

Mr. Natalia P. ALEXEEVA Nava-Ladoga Water Basin Administration, Russia

Dr. Peeter UNT Project Manager Peipsi Center for Transboundary Cooperation

Mr. K. A. Upali S. IMBULANA Ministry of Irrigation and Water Management, Sri Lanka

Ms. Tatiana CUEVAS

Ms. Alexia PACHECO

Mr. Frederick C. VAN ZYL Director, Macro Planning and Information Department Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa Systems

Amicare G. ZANITTI

WWC (World Water Council)

Dr. Mahmoud ABU-ZEID President WWC

Mr. Pierre F. TENIERE-BUCHOT Governor WWC

Mr. Loic FAUCHON Advisor to the President WWC

Mr. Rene COULOMB Vice President WWC

YEMEN

H.E. Jamal Mohamed SHARJABI Chairman National Authority for Water Resources

Dr. Mohamed I. AL-HAMDI Vice Chairman National Water and Sanitation Authority

Eng. Abdulla M. AL-THARI Sector Head, Water Policy and Programming National Water Resources Authority

33 33 A List of Participants

Mr. Nasser M. NASSER Sector Head, Monitoring National Water Resources Authority

Qahtan Abdul MALIK Coordinator of the Forum Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation

ZAMBIA

H.E. George Wello MPOMBO Cabinet Minister Ministry of Energy and Water Development

Mr. Eusebius Chola KATAI Deputy Permanent Secretary Ministry of Energy and Water Development

Mr. Adam HUSSEN Director of Water Affairs Ministry of Energy and Water Development

Mr. Zebedia PHIRI Programme Manager Water Resources Action Programme

H.E. Godfrey SIMASIKU Ambassador Embassy of Zambia

Ms. Hope NKOLOMA National Coordinator Ministry of Local Government and Housing Department of Infrastructure and Support Services

Mr. Joseph SAKALA

Mr. Osward M. CHANDA Director National Water Supply and Sanitation Council

ZIMBABWE Appendix H.E. Joice Teurai Ropa MUJURU Cabinet Minister Ministry of Rural Resources and Water Development

Mr. Simon C. PAZVAKAVAMBWA Permanent Secretary Ministry of Rural Resources and Water Development

Mr. Gilbert MAWERE Chief Hydrologist Ministry of Rural Resources and Water Development

Mr. Stuart H. COMBERBACH Zimbabwe Embassy

Mr. Peter CHALI

3rd World Water Forum

H.E. Mr. Ryutaro HASHIMOTO Chairman National Steering Committee of the 3rd Water Forum

34 List of Contributions to the Portfolio of Water Actions B

LIST OF CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PORTFOLIO OF WATER ACTIONS Appendix

ADB (ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK) — Action for Accelerating Construction of — The Gender in Water Partnership Hydropower Stations in Rural Areas — Water for Asian Cities Program Memoran- — Implementing integrated water resources dum of Understanding management — Pacific Type II Initiative on Water, Sanitation — Utilizing non-conventional water resources and Hygiene — IT in water management — Network of Asian River Basin Organization — Promoting Effective Water Management Pol- CZECH REPUBLIC icies and Practices — Technical Assistance — Groundwater Resources Investigation in — Rural Water and Poverty Initiative Drought Stricken Areas of Ethiopia — Prevention Control of the Ibar River against APO (ASIAN PRODUCTIVITY ORGANIZATION) Petroleum Hydrocarbons Contamination — Green Productivity Demonstration Program — Sustainable development and management (GPDP), Green Productivity Integrated Com- of water resources on combat desertification munity Development (GP-ICD) Dornogobi area in the south-eastern part of Mongolia ARMENIA — Drinking water supply in the area Rovni City/ Regional Water Resources System Rovni — Development of National Water Policy — Building of good-quality drinking water — Development of National Water Program sources in south-western parts of Ethiopia — Establishment of watershed management — Hydrogeology of cross-border Cretaceous bodies in Debet River basin aquifers on the Czech-German-Polish border — Dialogue on Water, Food and Environment AUSTRIA in Central and Eastern European Countries — Administrative Aspects of Austrian Water — "Czech Water Charter" Management in changing times DEM. REP. OF THE CONGO CAMBODIA — Enhancement of capacity of control patrols — Rehabilitation and Construction of Existing and surveillance of water resources in the and New Irrigation /Drainage Systems and Congo River basin Flood Mitigation, with Community Participa- tion EGYPT — National Water Resources Plan Project CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC — Lake Nasser Flood and Drought Control/Inte- — Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation in the gration of Climate Change Uncertainty and Central African Republic Flooding Risk (LNFDC/ICC) Project — Institutional and Technical Support Project, CHAD INTESP — Challenges and Portfolio Actions in Water and — Improvement of Irrigation Facilities on a Sanitation sector for the years 2000-2015 Mesqas & Branch Canals — Groundwater Sector Project CHINA — Third Pumping Stations Rehabilitation Project — Resolving drinking water problem for rural ESCAP (ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL population COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC) — Restoring the ecosystem — Protecting the water resources — Providing Basic Services to the Poor through — Flood management Public-Private Partnerships: UNESCAP Fol- — Water-saving Action low-up to the World Summit on Sustainable — South-to-North Water Transfer Development (WSSD)

35 35 B List of Contributions to the Portfolio of Water Actions

— Capacity building on strategic planning and — Public sanitation in Ouagadougou (Burkina management of water resources in Asia and Faso) the Pacific — Drinking Water Service Management of the — Regional cooperation in water-related disas- City of Tripoli (Lebanon) ter management in Asia and the Pacific — National Water Investment Program (Tuni- — Strengthening public-private partnership for sia) improving the provision of water supply and — Rehabilitation of Prey Nup Polders (Cambodia) sanitation services to the poor — Drinking Water Supply of shantytowns in — Promotion of awareness of water conserva- Port-au-Prince (Haiti) tion; water use efficiency planning — Water Economy in Irrigated Systems in — Rational use of water and energy resources North Africa (SIRMA) in Central Asia — ECHEL-Eau: evaluation of water resources — Sustaining Livelihoods, Food Security, Pub- from field to large river basin, for application lic Health and Environmental Integrity in Irri- in the Limpopo, Mekong and Niger river

Appendix gated Rice-based Systems in South-east basins Asia — Water resources management (Sahelian African zones) ETHIOPIA — Observation of the water-table in the east- — Providing safe drinking water and sanitation African rift. Sustainable management services to broader segment of the Ethiopian — Pilot projects for a Private Sector Participa- Society tion in irrigation (Morocco) — Irrigation infrastructures development for — West Alexandria wastewater program food security and national economic growth (Egypt) — Co-operation on the Nile Waters Manage- — Supply of Equipment and Transfer of Tech- ment and Development nology for Groundwater Management and — General Water Resources Development Pro- Exploration in Coastal Areas (India) gramme (2002-2016) — Water quality man- — Research action for solid and liquid waste agement monitoring and watershed management management programmes — Institutional reform in the water sector

FRANCE GABON — Water and Sustainable Development (Afri- — Water supply systems for the living popula- can continent) tions in urban and rural area — Institutional Reform in the Water Sector (Lebanon) GERMANY — Institutional Reform in the Water Sector — Water Supply and basic Sanitation in (Ethiopia) Bustillo, Bolivia — Institutional Reform in the Water Sector (Chad) — Water Supply Eastern Province II, Zambia — Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Reform — World-wide Hydrogeological Mapping and (Mauritania) Assessment Programme (WHYMAP) — Reinforcement of Human Capacities in the — Reform of the Urban Water and Sanitation Water Sector (Kenya) Sector — Mastering Water supply Locally (Niger) — Commercialization of Water Supply and — Sustainable Management of Water Sewerage Utilities in the North-Western and Resources (Cap-Verde) Southern Provinces, Zambia — Virtual Center for Agriculture Water — Drinking water and sewerage program in — Institutional Cooperation to increase Sus- small and middle-sized towns tainability and Profitability of Irrigation — PROAGUA/GTZ Program — Water and Sani- — Improvement of Performances on Irrigation tation Program for Selected Cities in Peru Schemes in Africa — Efficient Management of Waste Water — Strategy for Better Management of Agricultural Treatment Water (Middle East) — Drinking Water Supply of the Cities of Nioro and Diema (Mali)

36 List of Contributions to the Portfolio of Water Actions B

GREECE — Disaster Preparedness and Climate Change in Vietnam — Euro - Mediterranean Water and Poverty Appendix Facility (WPF) — Drinking Water and Sanitation Programme — Mediterranean Education Initiative for Envi- — Tajikistan Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion ronment & Sustainability, with an emphasis Through Schools on water and waste (MEDIES) — South African Red Cross Society Water and — Sustainable water management in the Bal- Sanitation project in the rural communities kan and Southeast Mediterranean area of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. — Implementation of the European Union's Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) in Greece IJC (INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION) — Protection of the Waters of the Great Lakes GWP (GLOBAL WATER PARTNERSHIP) Basin — Achievement of Millennium Development — Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement Goals (MDGs) and WSSD targets — Reducing flood damages in the Red River — Further establishment and strengthening of basin through development of a basin-wide Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships for Action comprehensive plan for flood mitigation — Effective Water Governance Dialogue — Capacity building and sharing of IWRM INDONESIA knowledge — Water Supply and Sanitation (Sector) Project — Networking partnerships of the North with — Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project partnerships for the South — Energy Subsidy for Water Supply Program — Water and Climate — National Food Security Program — Improved Irrigation Management and Agri- HUNGARY cultural Productivity — "Elaboration of a harmonised development — Study on Master Plan of Counter Measures program of accidental pollution prevention and for Critical Rivers and Lakes in Indonesia response plan, testing of three EU Guidance — Conservation and Management of Lakes Documents in connection with the EU Water Programme Framework Directive (WFD) implementation for — Flood Management in Selected River Basins the whole Szamos/Somes watershed" in Java — Drinking Water Source Protection Program — Development of Flood Control Measures In — Raba River's 10 years of Integrated River Strategic Area Management Program — Capacity Building, Sharing Information and — Programme of Further Development of Creating Networks on Disaster Management Flood Protection in the Tisza River Basin (Change of Global-Regional Water Cycle) (New "Vasarhelyi Plan") — Improved Water Resources Sector Performance — Dialogue on Food, Water and Environment ICELAND IRAN — Master Plan for Utilization of Renewable Energy Resources in Iceland. Hydro Power — Consumption management and drinking and Geothermal Energy water loses reduction — Committee on the Restoration of Icelandic — Assessment of the state of the act of Urban wetlands Water Management in Middle East and CIS Countries IFRC (INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED — Assessment of Actual Flood Control Man- CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES) agement in Iran and Proposition of Proper Strategies — Tajikistan Drought Recovery Programme — Survey of Public Participation Attraction on — Water and Sanitation Rehabilitation and Promotion of Water Resources Quality Hygiene Promotion in DPR Korea — Formulation of the Drought Risk Manage- — Disaster Preparedness (DP) and Climate ment Program Change in the 5 pilots — National Water decade (2004-2014) two five — Disaster Preparedness and Climate Change years plan in Nicaragua

37 37 B List of Contributions to the Portfolio of Water Actions

IRELAND — Integrated Development Programme in Agri- — Ireland — Portfolio of Water Actions for the culture World Water Forum 2003 — Republic of Macedonia — Environmental Protection of the Radika River Valley ISRAEL — Realization of a Research and Agricultural Experimentation Center — Additional water resources for household — Jbeil Caza (Province) Water and Waster consumption Water Project — Additional water resources — WEI WEI Integrated Development Project — Improvement and conservation of sensitive — Institutional strengthening in the water field environments and ecosystems such as — Strengthening of main information center springs, river beds and natural water bodies (MIC) of the Ministry of Water Resources & Irrigation in its capacity of National Focal ITALY Point (NFP) for the Euro-Mediterranean

Appendix — Land planning in the periurban area of Water Information System (EMWIS) Niamey (Niger) — Improve food security and Water Resource — Disi - Mudawarra to Amman Water convey- Management ance System — CIRF assistance to Italian subjects for ensur- IUCN (INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR ing environmental sustainability in coopera- CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL tion initiatives RESOURCES) — Rios Hermanos (River Brotherhood) — Nile Basin Civil Society Discourse — WATER LEAK RESEARCH — Pro-poor financing for water-based ecosys- — Triennial Master for utility managers and tem conservation in South and Southeast public regulator body officers Asia — INTERNATIONAL OBSERVATORY ON — Vietnam National Wetlands Programme TRAINING AND CO-OPERATION IN WATER — Water Management and Nature Conserva- RESOURCES MANAGEMENT tion Programme in Pakistan — GPIC/WS Global Policy and International — Conservation and Sustainable Use of Wet- Cooperation in the Water Sector lands in Nepal — Master in Water resources Management and — Regional interpretation of the findings of the hydraulic and civil engineering World commission on Dams in the lower — Tagubar, Institutional Capacity for the Envi- Mekong river basin ronmental Rehabilitation and sustainable — Mekong Wetlands Biodiversity Conserva- development of Guanabara Bay, Brazil tion and Sustainable Use Programme — TWINNING: Monitoring of drinking water — Water and Nature Initiative in the Himal quality region — TAGUBAR, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR — Promoting sustainable livelihoods through ENVIRONMENTAL REHABILITATION AND wetland conservation and enterprises devel- SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF GUANA- opment BARA BAY, BRAZIL — Water Demand Management in Southern — Post graduate specialization course on man- Africa agement of water resources and services" — SADC Regional Wetlands Conservation — Systemic Integration of Networks for Sus- Project Phase II tainable Freshwater Management (SIN- — Awareness creation for IWRM in the SADC FREM) in West/Central Asia and North Africa Region (WESCANA) national and regional levels — Okavango Management Plan — Rain water drainage in the barrios of — Integrated management of the watershed Cazenga e Cariango (Luanda, Angola) areas associated with the Tacana Volcano — Egyptian - Italian Environmental Coopera- (Mexico-Guatemala) tion Program (EIECP) — Phase II — Integrated Watershed Management in the El — Development of the water rural system in Imposible-Barra de Santiago, El Salvador the Boane district Complex — Small scale irrigation scheme development — Water Resources eAtlas : Integrated Informa- tion for Improved Decision-Making 38 List of Contributions to the Portfolio of Water Actions B

— Enhancement of political support for sus- — Socio-Economic research on long-term tainable water management trends seen in the waterside environments Appendix — Legal Foundations for Integrated Water of the world, through studies of their Resources Management (IWRM).Goal: Build changes in scenery capacity for IWRM through addressing legal, — Promotion of Effective Use and Capacity institutional and governance issues Building of Management for Existing Infra- — Assessing the Status of Freshwater Biodiversity structure and strengthening of Operation & — Environmental Flow Toolkit Development Maintenance capacity and Application — Advanced Prediction System and Counter — Promoting enhanced investment in sustain- Measures of Regional- and Meso-scale able ecosystem management within private Water Cycle and public sector water development policy — Research Cooperation Project on Seawater — Integrating wetland economic values into Desalination and Public Water Demand in river basin management Oman — Implementation of the Strategic Action Pro- — Cooperative Research on Hybrid Seawater gramme for the Sustainable Management of Desalination for Middle East Countries Lake Tanganyika — Cooperative Research on Technology to — Integrated River Basin Management in the Increase the Utilization of Recycled Indus- Pangani Basin, (Tanzania and Kenya) trial Water for Environmental Applications — Dealing with Uncertainty: Planning And — Development of Energy-Saving Waste Water Management Of Water Resources under Cli- Treatment Technology mate Change — Technology development on the Multiple- — Improving Water Governance in the Volta purpose use system of Deep Ocean Water River Basin — Initiative for Research Activities on Global — Improving Water And Land Management In Water Cycle Variation The Komadugu Yobe Basin — Phase I — The sustainable ARGO Project — Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) JAPAN — The Integrated Global Observing Strategy — Planning on Water Resources Development (IGOS) Partnership and Management and Capacity Building of — Monitoring and modeling of balance, circu- Implementing Agencies lation, and utilization of groundwater in the — Water Resource Management and Conserva- Yellow River basin tion through Afforestation, Anti-desertifica- — Global Mapping tion, and watershed management — Strengthening Water Supply System and — UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Operation/Maintenance through Ground- Development water Development in Africa — Surveys Related to the Feasibility of Apply- — Strengthening the Development and Opera- ing Energy-saving Sludge Reduction Tech- tion/Maintenance on Water Supply System nologies in Southeast Asia and Sewerage System in Asia — Monitoring water quality by advanced ion — Stable Water Supply and Water Governance chromatography in Middle East and Near East — Watershed/Urban Regeneration in Accord — Water supply and/or sewerage treatment with Nature project in regional cities in Latin American — Integrated River Basin Management Region — Restoration by Eco-Compatible and Adap- — Water supply and/or sewerage treatment tive Management in River Basin project mainly in Pacific Island Region —Twinning Agreement in Integrated Water — Strengthening Control of Water-related Dis- Resources Management eases, including Arsenic Poisoning and the — NETWORK OF ASIAN RIVER BASIN ORGA- Guinea-worm Disease in Asia and Africa NIZATIONS — US-Japan Water Partnership: the "Clean — International Conference on Inland Water- Water for People" initiative way Transport — Japan-France Water Sector Cooperation — Research on Development Status and Assis- — Partnership with NGOs tance Strategy in International River Basin — Integrated Study on Restructuring Water-use (The Mekong River) System for Sound Water Cycle 39 39 B List of Contributions to the Portfolio of Water Actions

— Studies for Plan to Maintain the Global Envi- — Development of Eco-friendly Management ronment Protected the Widely Arsenic- Technology of Water and Agro-Forested- Affected Groundwater Aqua-Ecosystem (AFA-Ecosystem) in Water- — Research and Development of environmen- shed and Estuary (W&E) areas tal sanitation technologies suitable for — Promotion of Participatory Irrigation Man- developing countries agement (PIM) — Technology transfer of the on-site treatment — Water Use and Management System of the system of domestic waste water Mekong River — To share knowledge, experience and infor- — Creative actions for Land Improvement Dis- mation on operation and maintenance of tricts (LIDs) (a new action taken by the water supply and sanitation MIDORI Network initiatives) — Reinforcement of Government Policy and — Irrigation and drainage project to re-allocate Implementing Capacity to Improve Water agricultural water use to meet urban water Productivity in Developing Countries demands

Appendix — Increase of Agricultural Productivity by — Enhancement of Water Quality Conserva- Improving Irrigation System and Technique tion, Industrial Waste Water Control and — Construction of irrigation facilities and Domestic Waste Water Management enforcement of local community organiza- — Package cooperation on institutional mea- tions through Participatory Development of sures and cleaner production technology to Water Resources prevent industrial pollution in Vietnam, the — Recycle and Reuse of Water Resources Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, India, Jordan — Development and Dissemination of NERICA — The establishment of the total system (New Rice for Africa) regarding to the clarification of wastewater — Sustainable rural modernization based on due to food processing neighborhood communities — Research and Development of monitoring — International cooperation for improving the methods of toxic substances and pathogenic efficiency of agricultural water use microorganisms — Food for Work — Water Environmental Partnership in Asia — Sustainable Agriculture in the Arid Areas (WEPA) — Increasing Economic Options of Rain-fed — Study on development of assessment meth- Agriculture in Indochina through the Effi- ods for water pollution and monitoring cient Use of Water Resources methods for toxic cyanobacteria in water — Combining advanced weather modeling and resource regions in Asia farmer knowledge to reduce risk in West — Water Quality Improvement to conserve African cereal-based cropping systems environment and aqua-ecology — Water Resource Development Strategy- — Development and establishment of a net- Building Survey (Asia) work for exchanging information on water — Effect evaluation of global water circulation and forests changes on food production with consider- — Appropriate Forest Management According ation of potential countermeasures to Forest Planning System — Modeling and economic evaluation of the — Sustainable watershed management in multi-functionality of paddy fields developing countries through international — Development of water use estimation mod- cooperation to promote sustainable forest els related to agriculture and irrigation for management the Asia Monsoon region — Development and implementation of crite- — Promotion of agricultural water-related ria and indicators for the sustainable forest projects, taking into account ecosystem con- management (the Montreal Process) servation and water quality improvement as — The research regarding to the phenomenal well as enhancing multi-functionality analysis of the organic, the nutrient salts, — Promotion of Rural Community Sewerage and the biocoenosis in lakes and marshes, Improvement Projects and the investigation of the achievements by — Legal Reforms to Achieve Harmony with the the recovery efforts Environment on Agricultural Infrastructure — Development and dissemination of the and Rural Development Projects water purification measures utilizing the self-purification function of rivers 40 List of Contributions to the Portfolio of Water Actions B

— Asia-Pacific Environmental Innovation Strat- — Drinking water and electricity supply egy Project (APEIS) designed for the southern coastal area of Appendix — Cooperative program on conservation of Madagascar waterbirds and their habitats in Asia-Pacific region MRC (MEKONG RIVER COMMISSION FOR — Evaluation of Vulnerability of Natural Eco- SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT) systems to Global Warming — Sustainable Development and conflict pre- — Disaster Preparedness due to the Develop- vention in the Lower Mekong River Basin ment and Rehabilitation of the Flood Fore- — Mekong Basin Junior Riparian Professional casting and Warning System Programme — Comprehensive Development Plan, Equip- ment and Technology for Flood Control MYANMAR — Flood Control Works utilizing the Local and — Irrigation Technology Center Project Phase Natural Materials (2), (Irrigation Water Management Project) — Flood Control and Sanitation Improvement — Development (or) Establishment of National in the Urban Areas Water Vision to action for Myanmar — Highly Accurate Rainfall Estimation by Multi- parameter Radar and Information Providing NETHERLANDS System for Storm and Flood — Flood mitigation distributing information — Partners for Water (Dutch Programme for technology the foreign water sector) — Improvement of the system with informa- — IGRAC - International Groundwater tion technology to monitor the occurrence of Resources Assessment Center sediment-related disasters and to distribute — Integrated Flood Management in Deltas and them Low-land River Regions — Comprehensive approach to mitigation and — Widening of the river Rhine in the Nether- prevention of sediment-related disasters lands — National Land with Water Information Stan- — Netherlands Initiatives in Public Private Part- dardized whole river basin dataset & consol- nerships-Partnership Public Private Collabo- idated applications for Integrated Watershed ration in the Water Sector Management — Water for Food and Ecosystems — Development of IT technologies to mitigate — Twinning of International River Commis- flood damages sions / Basin Organizations — International Flood Network (IFNet) — Capacity Building for Sustainable Integrated — Soda Mattress System as a mean of River- Water Resources Management - from Women's bank Erosion Protection Empowerment towards Gender Mainstreaming — International Sabo Information Network — Women for Water partnership: from vulnera- ble group to partner KAZAKHSTAN NORWAY — Ecological security of Kazakhstan sector of the Caspian sea — Total Norwegian assistance for DAC-code 140 — Drinking water provision for population Water Supply and Sanitation in 1999, 2000, 2001

MACAO, CHINA OECD (ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO- OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT) — Clean Water Campaign — OECD participation in the "Euro-Mediterra- MADAGASCAR nean Water and Poverty Facility (EuroMed WPF): A Tripartile Programme of Action" —WASH — OECD participation in the "EU Water Initia- — Project Pipeline tive: Water for Life" — Supply of drinking water in the city of — OECD work on improving water resources Mananjary, South-East part of Madagascar management — Project to develop underground water in the South-East Region of Madagascar: Phase II , Phase III 41 41 B List of Contributions to the Portfolio of Water Actions

PAPUA NEW GUINEA — Safe drinking water and the support on — Laloki Water Resources Management Project national economic development and com- — Ensure the nations natural environment and munity activities water resources are managed and used in a — Granary Area Programme (GAP) sustainable, efficient and equitable manner — Special programmes to develop minor irri- — Assessment of the Nations Water Resources gation systems, improve water retention — Development of Water for District Centers capacity in the soil and improve bio-diversity — Integrated Coastal Watershed Management through active community participation — Water Resources Management Project: PORTUGAL National Water Resources Policy and Institu- tional Arrangements — Elaboration of dam safety plans and specific — "Pavithra Ganga" — prevention of water pol- monitoring requirements (SEGBAR) lution in the Mahaweli river, Sri Lanka — Elaboration of the Project of Bue Maria Dam — "Pavithra Ganga"- prevention of water pollu- — Monapo River Basin Plan

Appendix tion and environmental management of riv- — Hydrometeorological network ers in Sri Lanka — Agreements on international rivers — Development of a Sri Lanka National Water — Development of the Water supply systems in Resources Development Report (under four cities Water Resources Assessment Programme) — Water supply and drainage systems of — Expansion of Micro-Irrigation methods Lumbo / Mozambique island — Support the Centre of Strategic Studies on SUDAN Water — CEDESA — Capacity building and technology transfer — Provision of safe water for rural and urban — Capacity building and technology transfer areas in Sudan — Hydrometeorological network — Water Pollution Prevention and Improving — Capacity building and technology transfer Environmental Water Quality — Water Use For Agriculture REP. OF KOREA — Flood and Drought preparedness, Early Warning and Remediation — Water Demand Management — Water Shed Management of The Nile Tributaries — Establishing Watershed Management System — Biodiversity, Habitat, Water dependent Eco- — Establishment of Multi-regional Water Sup- system and Wetlands Conservation ply System — Participation of Sudan with the Nile basin — Building the Basinwide Integrated Flood countries in the Shared Vision and Subsid- Control Plans iary Action Programme — The third ten years plan of rural water supply — Development of hydropower at both the National and Regional levels RUSSIA — Sustainable Development and Environmen- — National Program of Actions for improving tal Protection of the Red Sea and Coastal and development of water sector of the Areas national economy of Russia for perspective "Waters of Russia-XX1 century" SWEDEN — Method development and general promo- SRI LANKA tion of Ecological Sanitation — Collaborative actions to implement sustain- — Promotion of sustainable development in able preventive & mitigatory measures for the Lake Victoria Basin river pollutions and building up a national — Swedish Water House (SWH) river basin wise data base on water quality — The Sustainable City, a Swedish-Chinese and pollution threat information partnership — Developing National Level IWRM methodol- — A new Swedish water administration ogy to implement at local level taken into — Negotiations for an agreement on coopera- consideration the Global Research informa- tion concerning the Finnish-Swedish border tion and regional sectoral requirements rivers

42 List of Contributions to the Portfolio of Water Actions B

SWITZERLAND — Farmers' Study Tour to ICARDA under the GAP-ICARDA MOU — Guidelines for Private Sector Participation in Appendix water management by means of a multi- — Seed Sector for Cereals and Legumes in stakeholder process Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey — Regional Water Sector Strategy 2002-2006, — Improvement of Sustainable Seed Produc- included as a sub-component in the Eastern tion Systems for Legume and Cereal Variet- Europe/Caucasus/Central Asia Component ies in the GAP Region of the EUWI — Improvement of natural pastures and forage crops and small ruminants production in the TANZANIA GAP Region — International Workshop on Identification of — Groundwater Resources Development and Suitable Systems of Wheat, Barley, Lentil Management And Chickpea Seed Production And Market- — Strengthening water laboratories in Tanza- ing Under GAP-ICARDA MOU nia — Training Services Unit — To raise the rural water supply coverage — Reflection on Water from 50% to 100% by the year 2025 — Ataturk Dam International Sports Festival — Water Quality Monitoring and Ecosystem — GAP Stakeholder communication network Management — Lake Victoria Environmental on sustainable human development Management — Social Development for Youth — Hydrological Map and Atlas of Tanzania — Project on Rehabilitation of Children Work- — Sustained Water Supplies for Rural Develop- ing in the Street ment and Food Security — Gender and Development: Multi-Purpose — Establish Integrated Water Resources Man- Community Centers (CATOM) for Women agement Program — Public Health Project — Establish and strengthen Basin Water — Community Volunteers in Malaria Control Offices in Tanzania — Grassroots Rural-Urban integration Pro- — Strengthening Urban Water Supply and grammes in Halfeti, Sanl?urfa (Turkey) Sewerage Authorities (UWSAs) in Tanzania — Strengthening the National Capabilities of Malaria(Water Borne Disease) Units in Turkey THAILAND — Integration of Nomadic Groups into the — Assessment of Water Resources in the Chao Development Process Phraya River Basin — The Examination of the Present and Pro- — The Modernization of Water Management spective Climatic Characteristics of the System Southeastern Anatolian Project (GAP) — King's Theory on Land and Water Manage- Region ment for Sufficient Economy — Hasankeyf Excavation and Rescue Work — Establishment of Operation Center for Water — Documentation of Immovable Cultural Prop- Crisis Prevention erties of the Settlement of Birecik, Halfeti — Awareness Raising in Water Issues and Suruc, GAP, Turkey — Reconstruction Assistance to Afghanistan TURKEY — Memoranda of Understanding with interna- — Memorandum of understanding with GOLD tional institutions, NGOs and universities (General Organization for Land Develop- — Seed Production and Marketing Course ment)-SYRIA — Training on Forage, Pasture, Range and Live- — The Memorandum of understanding with stock Production TOSHKA, EGYPT — Training on the Watershed Management — "Water Saving in the Mediterranean Agricul- — GAP Management, Operation and Mainte- ture" (WASAMED) nance Project (GAP MOM) — Cooperation for Development between GAP — Training on Sustainable Natural Resources (Turkey)-TOSHKA (Egypt): Twin Rural Devel- Management and Irrigation opment Project — The GAP Management, Operation and Main- — Training on Intercultural Communication & tenance Project Study (GAP MOM) Decision Making — GAP Biodiversity Research Project — Wildlife Project for the GAP Region 43 43 B List of Contributions to the Portfolio of Water Actions

— Environmental Education Project (Midyat UNDP (UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT and Nusaybin) PROGRAMME) — Training on Women in Development: GAP — International Network for Capacity Building in experience Integrated Water Resources Management — — Memorandum of Understanding with Okla- Cap-Net homa State University — Dialogue on Effective Water Governance — The Memorandum Of Understanding With — UNDP Community Water Initiative Tennessee Valley Authority (USA) — The Memorandum Of Understanding With UNEP (UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT Arizona State University (USA) PROGRAMME) — The Memorandum Of Understanding With — Dams and Development Project (DDP) Portland State University (USA) — The Memorandum Of Understanding with UNESCO (UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, Kent State University (USA) SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION)

Appendix — The Memorandum Of Understanding With Packard Humanities Institute-PHI (USA) — Groundwater in Emergency Situations — — The Memorandum Of Understanding With GWES HASNA (USA) — The Memorandum Of Understanding With UN-HABITAT (UNITED NATIONS HUMAN SET- CIHEAM-IAMB (ITALY) TLEMENT PROGRAMME) — GAP Entrepreneur Support and Guidance — Water & Sanitation Trust Fund Centers (GIDEM) — Water for Asian Cities — Groundwater exploration for small settle- — Water for African Cities ments lacking of water project in the GAP — Water-related Environmental Education in Region Cities — Reuse of Municipal Wastewater in Small — The Status of Water and Sanitation in the Communities World's Cities — Solid Waste Management In The GAP Region UNITED KINGDOM — Construction of Sewerage Systems and — Safe drinking water and sanitation Wastewater Treatment Plants of Akcakale, Ceylanpinar and Kahta UNITED STATES OF AMERICA — GAP Environmentally Sensitive Physical Development Project — Water for the Poor — "Seminar On The Problems Created By The — White Water to Blue Water Lack Of Infrastructure That Contribute To — Safe Water System The Pollution Of Ataturk Dam Lake And Pos- — Transboundary Water Resources Manage- sible Solutions" And "Public Works Training ment Seminars" — Development Credit Authority Local Cur- — Halfeti Urban Development Project rency Financing — Ilisu Dam Reservoir and its Environment — Community Water and Sanitation Facility Sub-Region Development Planning Project (CWSF) — Sanliurfa-Harran Plains Sub-Regional Devel- — Collaborative Research to Enhance Manage- opment Plan ment of the Yellow River Basin — Study Tour on "Best Practices Of GAP" For — Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) The Engineers From Afghanistan Program — U.S. Public Water Supplies: Compliance with TUVALU Drinking Water Safety Standards under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) — Revive and Adopt the Tuvalu Water and San- — Western Water Initiative: Meeting water itation Plan needs given growing demand — Drought Planning and Emergency Aid — USDA Natural Resources and Environment National Program

44 List of Contributions to the Portfolio of Water Actions B

— Internet-based Water and Sanitation Defi- nomic Situation in the Aral Sea Basin for the ciency Inventory System (WSDS) period 2003-2010 Appendix — Nationwide Water and Sanitation Facilities — Strategic Partnership on the Danube/Black Construction Program to Serve Indigenous Sea Basin Peoples — Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) — Flexible Cooperative Agreements for Project — Building Partnerships for Development in Development Partnerships Water and Sanitation — Supporting Local Government Capacity Building and Ownership of Constructed Sys- WWAP (WORLD WATER ASSESSMENT PRO- tems GRAMME) — WHO (World Health Organization) — Case Studies for the Second World Water — Disease burden from water, sanitation and Development Report hygiene related diseases/Cost-effectiveness — African Water Development Report analysis of selected interventions to improve — National Water Development Reports access to safe water supply and adequate — The World Water Portal — A Water-Web Plat- sanitation facilities. form for International Cooperation — Development of health-based norms and — GOUTTE of WATER: Global Observatory of guidelines Units for Teaching, Training and Ethics of — Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assess- WATER ment — Water Co-operation Facility: The interna- — International Network to Promote Safe tional support centre for managing water Household Water Treatment and Storage conflicts and building consensus — Information systems — Exchange of Hydrologic Data Concerning — Guidance document on water, sanitation and Transboundary Water Resources health — Foro Latinoamericano: "La concertacion: — Healthy Environment for Children Alliance Instrumento para la gestion sostenible del — Health impact assessment of water agua dulce en el Siglo XXI" resources development — Sanitation Connection, Sanitation for Health WWC (WORLD WATER COUNCIL) and the Environment, e-Conference — The benefits brought by sound water man- agement WMO (WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANI- — Global Linking of Water Monitoring Systems ZATION) — Virtual Water Trade — Conscious Choices — WMO/GWP Associated Programme on Flood — The International Water Co-operation Facil- Management (APFM) ity: for building consensus and managing water conflicts WORLD BANK GROUP (THE WORLD BANK GROUP) ZAMBIA — The Water and Sanitation Program — Enhancing the involvement of users in regu- — Reforming Irrigation Institutions lating service providers — Bank-Netherlands Water Partnership — Provision of water supply in Peri-urban (BNWP) areas (low income communities) in eight — Bank-Netherlands Water Partnership towns (BNWPP) — Institutional capacity strengthening for — Water Resources Management in the World improved service delivery — in Luapula Bank Province — Water Supply and Sanitation in the World — Strengthening the prevention and control of Bank surface and ground — water pollution in — Water as part of the World Bank Environ- Zambia ment Strategy — Making Sustainable Com- — Improving the Data Collection Network and mitments Monitoring in Zambia — Participatory Irrigation Management — Dialogue on water initiative in Zambia — Main Directions of the Action Plan for — Increasing the sources of portable water Improving the Ecological and Socio-eco- through quality analysis of springs in Zambia 45 45 B List of Contributions to the Portfolio of Water Actions

— Constructions of small dam 3 + weirs in local forest reserve No. 27 — Riverine/River Banks Conservation — (Water for food and rural development) — Institutional capacity building for civil soci- ety in the water sector — (Safe drinking water and sanitation) — Institutional capacity building for small scale private sector in the provision of water sup- ply and sanitation service. Provision through production, dissemination and operational- ization of best practice guidelines. — Capacity building for WASHE programme in both rural and peri-urban area

Appendix

46 Preparatory Process B

PREPARATORY PROCESS Appendix

47 47 B Preparatory Process

Kick-Off Meeting for the Ministerial Conference

1 September 2002 Johannesburg, South Africa

On September 1, 2002, the Government of Japan There was a question on the position of the hosted a meeting in Johannesburg, to kick-off proposed international preparatory commit- the preparation process towards the Ministerial tee, composition of its members, and its Conference on the occasion of the 3rd World means of communication. The MLIT explained Water Forum. Mr. Masanori Kobayashi, Director that the committee is proposed as one of the General of Water Resources Department, process to make a concrete output in the Min- Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and isterial Conference. At the first committee to Transport chaired the meeting, which was be held in November 2002, recent progress in attended by more than 100 representatives from international debates would be evaluated and governments of 28 countries, 20 international the contents of the draft Ministerial Declara- Appendix organizations, and others. tion may be discussed. At the second commit- tee to be held in January 2002, priorities on Several presentations were made at the meeting. water issues and the draft Ministerial Declara- H. E. Mr. Shizuo Sato, Senior Vice Minister of tion would be further discussed. It was Land, Infrastructure and Transport, mentioned explained that the reflection of regional activi- that global water issues still remain in serious sit- ties should be considered in forming the com- uation and referred to the importance of gather- mittee since water issues differed from region ing wisdom from worldwide to take concrete to region. It was also informed that diplomatic actions. The necessity for the Ministers to take channels, website, etc. would be used to strong leadership had been pointed out. It was deliver the result of Committee to each coun- confirmed that the Government of Japan would try and international organization. steadily follow-up the "Plan of Implementation" agreed at the WSSD, Johannesburg towards the Many views were exchanged on the expected 3rd World Water Forum and the Ministerial Con- outcomes of the Ministerial Conference. The ference. The "Koizumi Initiative" announced there importance of regional approach was indi- included concrete contributions from Japan. cated from the floor. Some expressed the importance of capacity building and reported Mr. Kaoru Ishikawa, Ambassador for Civil Soci- that they were emphasizing technology trans- ety, Deputy Director General of Multilateral fer. They showed willingness to contribute to Cooperation Department, Japan's Ministry of the world by this way. There was a proposal Foreign Affairs proposed "Global Sharing" as a that discussion on "efficient water use" should basic concept for sustainable development. be held since it had not been fully discussed Regarding this, it was mentioned that "water" compared to the energy sector. Some reported is essential to sustainable development and that guideline making for water resources international cooperation based on partner- management is now under way in certain ship in the process of establishing ownership regions. The importance of drawing up guide- in developing countries by themselves is lines was specified. Several gave the opinion important. The achievements made on water that an approach should be established which management through Japan's cooperation promotes the participation of the stakeholders were also explained. It was expressed that through school education. Japan will continue to act as a friend of devel- oping countries based on equal partnership. Some expressed the importance of connecting the Plan of Implementation of the WSSD, Johan- The progress of the preparation towards the nesburg to the output of the Ministerial Confer- 3rd World Water Forum was explained by the ence. It was also mentioned that Type 2 initiatives Secretariat of the 3rd World Water Forum. The could also be used. Many pointed out that not draft of Subject for Discussion, Expected Out- just discussing but taking concrete actions is put, Preparation Process, etc. of the Ministerial important. The MLIT answered that the 3rd World Conference were explained by the Ministry of Water Forum and the Ministerial Conference Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT). would like to draw up a concrete action plan

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including Type 2 initiatives since the WSSD Plan of Implementation doesn't point out by whom, Appendix when & how actions should be taken.

Several required the confirmation of the com- mitments made in the past international meet- ings and their revision. The MLIT answered that the Government of Japan is well aware of the importance to follow-up the commitments in Johannesburg and others. It was also added that the Government of Japan would like to further discuss on what needs to be done at all levels.

There was an introduction on the meeting of "Water for the Americas in the 21st Century" that would be held in October 8-11 as one of the regional activities towards the 3rd World Water Forum. It was added that its conclusion will be stated in a Declaration representing the stance of Americas and would be proposed as an American vision to the 3rd World Water Forum.

Mr. Kobayashi closed the meeting by announc- ing that the Government of Japan will continue to debate with the countries and organizations worldwide and added that any opinion is wel- come for the purpose of making the Ministerial Conference and its output better.

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1st Informal Advisory Meeting for the Ministerial Conference

25 November 2002 Kyoto, Japan

The Government of Japan invited foreign experts emphasized and the development of relevant on water who had indicated interest in contribut- indicators was suggested. Japan noted these ing to the preparatory process for the Ministerial suggestions. Conference to be held on the occasion of the 3rd World Water Forum in Japan. As a result, about As for the Ministerial Declaration, several partici- 70 experts from around 40 countries and interna- pants requested Japan to provide them with an tional organizations as well as about 40 officials early draft for the preparation of Ministers for the of the Japanese Government attended the 1st Conference. The need to make the Ministerial Informal Advisory Meeting (IAM-1) for the Minis- Declaration a simple but meaningful one was terial Conference on 25 November 2002. Mr. Mut- pointed out. Appendix suyoshi Nishimura, Ambassador in Charge of Global Environment, Ministry of Foreign Affairs With respect to the "Blueprint for Action (tentative and Mr. Masanori Kobayashi, Chairman of the title)", Japan urged the countries and interna- Taskforce for the Ministerial Conference, Director tional organizations to provide their voluntary General of the Water Resources Department, Min- contributions in the field of water, either in part- istry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of nership with others or unilaterally by early March Japan jointly chaired the meeting. next year, so that they would be compiled in time for the Ministerial Conference. In replying to a Japan presented an overview of the Ministerial question, Japan explained that any contribution Conference. The issues discussed were: (1) the will be accepted for compilation if it will be imple- basic concept (ownership and partnership), (2) mented or continue to be implemented after the the expected outcomes (the Ministerial Declara- Conference even if it was already announced tion and the Blueprint for Action (Tentative Title)), before, at the WSSD or other occasions. (3) the 5 proposed themes for the parallel sub- group meetings of Ministers (safe drinking water As for the proposed themes of the parallel sub- and sanitation, water for food and rural develop- group meetings by the Ministers, various views ment, water pollution prevention and ecosystem were expressed. A number of participants conservation, disaster mitigation and risk man- emphasized that "poverty alleviation" should be agement, and water resources management and an overarching theme for the Conference. Several benefit sharing), and (4) other substantive and suggested that the grouping at the Bonn Confer- procedural issues. ence, i.e. governance, capacity building and finance should be considered. Additional topics Participants recognized the Ministerial Confer- proposed for discussion by the Ministers ence as an opportunity to follow up the World included: water related problems such as deserti- Summit on Sustainable Development in Johan- fication, over-mining, urbanization, climate nesburg. The Summit, which featured change, flood and drought; relationship between "WEHAB", built upon international debates water and other sectors such as health, agricul- such as the International Conference on Fresh- ture, energy (e.g. hydropower) and transport; water in Bonn, the UN Millennium Summit and community based initiatives, gender, demand the Ministerial Conference on the occasion of management and cooperation between govern- the 2nd World Water Forum in The Hague. A ments and NGOs. Japan took note of these pro- view was expressed that there was no need for posals while clarifying that it intended to keep the additional objectives as there were already sev- proposed 5 themes in principle, as it thought eral including those stated in the Millennium actual discussions can take place accommodating Development Goals and the WSSD Plan of these comments. Implementation to halve the proportion of peo- ple without access to safe drinking water and For the interaction between the Ministers and the basic sanitation, but that what was important participants in the World Water Forum, Japan was how to ensure the implementation. In this explained that it intends to utilize the dialogue context, the importance of monitoring was scheduled for 21 March 2003 and the presenta-

50 Preparatory Process B

tion of the Forum conclusions to the Ministerial Conference. As for the question on the proposed Appendix participation of NGOs in the Ministerial Confer- ence, Japan explained that the Plenary Session of the Conference would be open to the public and that interested NGOs would be able to observe from the available seats in the gallery.

Several participants requested Japan to pro- vide interpretation services for French and Spanish in addition to English and Japanese for the Sub-Group Meetings of the Ministers. Japan will consider their request in a positive manner.

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2nd Informal Advisory Meeting for the Ministerial Conference

30 and 31 January 2003 Tokyo, Japan

On 30 and 31 January 2003, representatives As for Possible Elements of the Ministerial Dec- from 95 countries, and 21 intergovernmental laration, participants supported Japan's pro- and other organizations participated in the 2nd posal to take an action-oriented approach and Informal Advisory Meeting for the Ministerial emphasized the importance of sending out a Conference to be held on the occasion of the brief but strong political message. Participants' 3rd World Water Forum in Japan. There were recognition that water is an engine for eco- about 300 total participants including mem- nomic growth and poverty reduction was bers of the Japanese government. Mr. Mutsuy- shared by a number of participants. The impor- oshi Nishimura, Ambassador in Charge of tance of the three crosscutting issues of gover- Global Environment, Ministry of Foreign nance, capacity building, and financing was Appendix Affairs and Mr. Masanori Kobayashi, Director also stressed by many, as well as that of Inte- General of the Water Resources Department, grated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport to effectively deal with various water issues. A from the Government of Japan jointly chaired number of participants emphasized the impor- the meeting. tance of monitoring, and advised the reference to the Forum statements and recommenda- Japan presented an overview of the Ministerial tions. Particular issues discussed by several Conference. The issues discussed were: (1) participants included the role of hydropower Outline of the Ministerial Conference, includ- for economic development, transboundary ing the drafting process of the Ministerial Dec- water issues, and the importance of irrigation laration and the preparatory process of the and rural development for food security and Portfolio of Water Actions (PWA), (2) Interac- poverty alleviation. Other points raised tion with the 3rd World Water Forum, includ- included climate change, severe drought, water ing the World Water Actions Report, the storage, water transport, household approach Thematic and Regional Statements of the as against community approach, slum prob- Forum and the Dialogue between Forum Par- lems, hygiene practices, multi-purpose infra- ticipants and Ministers, and (3) Possible Ele- structure, and relationship with NGOs. Many ments of the Ministerial Declaration. suggested that the drafting process of the Min- isterial Declaration could be moved up. Japan Participants emphasized that the Ministerial took note of these suggestions. Conference should build on achievements made so far such as the World Summit on Sus- tainable Development (WSSD) in Johannes- burg and the previous World Water Forums. Participants recognized the need to ensure adequate interaction between outputs from the Forum and the Ministerial Conference.

As for the PWA, it was pointed out that criteria for action plans to be included in the PWA should be made clear. Japan replied that those priority actions which were to follow-up the WSSD and were to encourage ownership and partnership should be chosen by countries and organizations by themselves.

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Senior Officials' Meeting

19 and 20 March 2003 Appendix Kyoto, Japan

On 19 and 20 March 2003, senior officials from 170 countries and 40 inter-governmental and other organizations participated in the Senior Officials' Meeting in preparation for the Minis- terial Conference to be held, on the occasion of the 3rd World Water Forum in Japan. The number of the participants including from the Government of Japan totaled about 400. Mr. Mutsuyoshi Nishimura, Ambassador in Charge of Global Environment, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Mr. Masanori Kobayashi, Director General of the Water Resources Department, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, of Japan jointly chaired the meeting.

The Government of Japan had sent a revised draft text of the Ministerial Declaration to all par- ticipating countries and international organiza- tions for discussions at this Senior Officials' meeting.

Intensive discussions on the general policies; water resources management and benefit shar- ing; safe drinking water and sanitation; water for food and rural development; water pollution prevention and ecosystem conservation; and risk mitigation and disaster management were conducted for two full days. As a result the Senior Officials' Meeting agreed on the text to be submitted for the Ministerial Conference for its consideration and adoption.

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INPUT FROM THE FORUM TO THE MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE (Note: Content of this section excerpt from "Final Report of the 3rd World Water Forum")

Introduction

All Thematic and Regional Day coordinators in The thematic and regional statements represent conjunction with their respective session conveners one of the major Forum outcomes and were syn- prepared the Thematic/Regional Statements in thesised in the Summary Forum Statement (SFS). hand. This drafting process started with the On March 22, 2003 Forum representatives delivered "coordinators & conveners meeting" held in the thematic and regional statements to the November 2002 in Kyoto, Japan. At this meeting Ministerial Conference. In addition, the thematic

Appendix the secretariat outlined the guidelines to all and regional statements of the major themes as thematic/regional coordinators to keep to the well as the summary statement of the Forum Forum's principles of translating visions into were delivered to the G8 summit in June 2003. concrete actions and commitments. Each thematic and regional statement was designed to have three key components: 1) Key issues, 2) Actions and 3) Recommendations/Commitments. The Key Issues to outline the challenges, to state the problems and to describe the crisis situation or issue at hand. The Actions to describe best practices, good lessons, for impacts towards solutions. The Recommendations/Commitments to recommend action plans with long-terms goals and short-term targets, addressing prevalent obstacles, tools to overcome such obstacles and indicators for monitoring & evaluation in implementing the actions.

Each thematic and regional Statement was sub- sequently revised based on the consultation and dialogue between the thematic/regional coordinators and respective session conveners. The statements were first presented to the 1st Informal Advisory Meeting of the Ministerial Conference that took place in January 2003 in Tokyo, Japan.

During the Forum, the statements were required to reflect a cross section of issues from all ses- sions in a given theme/or region as discussed and deliberated during the Forum. It was envisaged that the session reports, to be finalized at the conclusion of the sessions, would enable an opportunity for appropriate session input to the statements. However, in a rare case, the Public- Private Partnership topic was not concluded with a unified statement and therefore, readers will find attached two statements.

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Agriculture, Food and Water Statement Appendix

Key Issues Recommendations The world's growing population and changing — A more strategic development of the available consumption patterns, in particular the dietary land and water resources, both in irrigation preference for animal products in developing and rain-fed agriculture, will be needed to countries, will continue to drive demand for the serve effective demand while providing products of irrigated agriculture, which already opportunities to conserve the natural now claims the dominant share of freshwater resources base. abstractions. In the latter half of the last century, — Particular attention should be given, in significant public and private investment in agri- irrigation investment strategies, to the situation culture has resulted in much needed productivity of the rural poor. Affordable irrigation systems gains, and has closed food security gaps, particu- should be developed effectively for poverty larly in areas otherwise vulnerable to climatic reduction and food security in small rural variability. Without this massive investment in communities. Special attention should go to agriculture, the world would have experienced Africa, and to the semi-arid areas in particular. devastating starvation. — Programs of irrigation modernization will need to be designed to turn existing, rigid command At national level, irrigated enough water in a and control systems into much more flexible, sustainable way is an enormous challenge, service oriented, delivery systems. They will especially in those regions and countries where include upgrading of existing infrastructures, water is scarce. A substantial increase of water adaptation of the institutional framework, productivity, investments in the modernization of and systematic participation of users in the existing irrigation systems, and new water decision-making processes, negotiated on resource development are clearly needed. the basis of declared rights in use. — A clear framework for the governance of Actions irrigation schemes should be created, giving Irrigated agriculture will need to be carefully a greater sense of ownership to the farmers, examined to discern where society can benefit in accordance with their social and cultural most effectively from its application. Access to environment. natural resources will have to be negotiated with — Adaptive and site specific research is needed to other users in a transparent fashion in order to identify and promote most promising options effect optimal use of limited water resources to for increase in agricultural water productivity, deal with human welfare, food security and in accordance with the agro-ecological poverty reduction. Irrigation is under pressure to conditions, with specific attention to transfor- perform as a service to agriculture, not as an end mation of paddy irrigation, and improved in itself. This will involve a shift in approach redi- irrigation management in water scarce regions. recting irrigation from a supply-driven to a More research is also needed in understanding demand-responsive activity. Integrated water the multiple roles of agriculture. Research and resources management provides a basis for this development of appropriate technologies, action by allowing clear comparison and negotia- including conservation agriculture, environ- tion for resources across all sectors. Globalisation ment friendly equipment, such as localised of world trade and food markets will need a pro- irrigation systems and crop breeding and active and transparent decision-making process. biotechnology, are all needed to create the conditions for more sophisticated water At global level, the establishment of open mar- use and many new technologies remain kets and trading opportunities in agricultural undeveloped. products will facilitate more effective use of — Constructive, action-oriented dialogues must limited water resources. be promoted between irrigation and other sectors to accommodate private and public interests and facilitate allocation of water to multiple users in a demand-driven manner; An integrated approach to rural water management should consider the entire

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water cycle across productive landscapes including the urban-rural linkages and the full range of ecosystem functions supported by the cascades of surface and groundwater. — Agriculture must be more proactive in shoul- dering the negative environmental and health impacts of irrigated agriculture and enhancing its positive externalities. Agriculture should contribute to biodiversity conservation, the restoration of ecosystem functions and the recharge of aquifers. — Substantive additional investments are needed for the modernization of irrigation manage- ment, rehabilitation of existing irrigation

Appendix systems and the upgrading of the equipment to a sufficient level of quality. Where needed and possible in a sustainable manner, new water resources should also be developed. Appropriate financing mechanisms should be established, together with an enabling environment for private investments in irrigation. The potential role of virtual water as an economic way of water saving should be recognized and further explored, particularly in the water-scarce regions. — There is an overall need for policy support and the reform of institutions, human resources development and capacity building, in particular of farmers associations. International collaboration, and in particular South-South collaboration, should be maintained. — In an increasingly interconnected world we cannot ignore the value of a strong and sustainable agricultural sector and it is necessary to make all societies more aware of the multiple roles of irrigation water in economies and ecosystems.

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Financing Water Infrastructure Statement Appendix

Key Issues The most controversial issues arising in this Attaining the Millennium Development Goals for Theme were the performance of private companies water and sanitation, and the longer-term and operating in the water sector, the respective roles of wider goals for global water security, will require the public and private sectors and the place of the roughly a doubling of annual financial flows into regulator, the relation of cost recovery to the the sector, viewed broadly. The Report of the affordability of services by the poor, the proposed World Panel on Financing Water Infrastructure, resumption of aid and MFI lending to water storage chaired by M. Michel Camdessus, was the Keynote schemes, and the role of civil society organizations presentation in this Theme. Most of the other in setting water policies. Sessions were relevant to its various proposals, with a particular concentration on developing Actions local capital markets and the use of innovative The Panel's Report calls for actions from all the sources. Several sessions dealt more specifically main parties involved. Domestic governments with methods of estimating financial requirements. need to give more real priority to water and set out their plans and action programmes for The World Panel believed that the MDGs for realization of the MDGs. Governments of water and sanitation were attainable, but only developed countries should adapt existing with major and unprecedented changes in attitudes international institutions to the tasks in hand (aid, and policies by the main parties involved, at all MFI governance, consensus over financial flows, levels. export credit, etc). Bodies at the sub-sovereign level below central government, which have the — Change in the governance of the sector was a real responsibility for water services, should pre-condition for attracting and efficiently develop their management and financial capacities absorbing finance in the amounts required. to match their service duties. Community organi- — Contributions needed to increase from all zations should aim for a more ambitious role in the main sources of finance, namely, domestic monitoring service institutions, and raising more governments, aid donors, multilateral finan- funds from their NGO partners and microcredit cial institutions (MFIs), commercial lenders, and other sources. private investors, voluntary donations, solidarity schemes, etc. Banks and private investors need to explore ways — Cash flow from water users themselves of increasing their involvement in water, working needed to improve, since this rarely covered on methods that are under their control, and by even the recurring cost of operating and taking up existing facilities to mitigate their risks. maintaining systems, without any contribution Aid donors should aim to double their ODA, to capital outlays. focus it more closely on water needs, and support — Aid and MFI loans should increasingly be used specific new water initiatives. MFIs should aim to to catalyse other flows, rather than displace reverse the recent decline in lending to the sector them. and overcome their reluctance to lend to essential — The organizational model for the water water storage schemes, subject to appropriate sector should be left to the choice of safeguards. UN agencies and other international national and local governments and be organizations need to develop new forms of made in a pragmatic way, according to cooperation to support the mobilization of the benefits expected. There are various possi- funds required for water. ble models and permutations of partner- ships between public, private and Commitments community interests. Some donors have already pledged more funds — The traditional financial architecture needed for water; they should be kept to their promises. to be reversed, with more funds attracted to Those who have not committed should do so, sub-sovereign and local levels. More finance with the aim of doubling ODA for this sector. All should be raised locally, involving the donors should fix the MDGs in their sights, and development of local capital markets and be accountable for their achievements. Domestic instruments. governments should commit themselves to

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achievement of the MDGs and produce the necessary policies and action plans. Early signs of progress should be rewarded by extra aid commitments.

Recommendations All the parties involved should study the Global Panel's Report, accept as many of the proposals relevant to themselves that they feel able to, and commit themselves to act. The progress of the international community towards achievement of the MDGs should be monitored by a global "control tower" reporting to a group of "wise persons" whose task would be to recommend

Appendix changes and further actions necessary.

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Flood Statement Appendix

Key Issues hazard mapping, zoning, flood proofing, flood Floods are the most destructive and unavoidable fighting, forecasting and warning, training and natural hazards, threatening lives, property and rapid response actions. the sustainable development of many countries, — Strengthening of framework of flood policy although they are natural phenomena which, and organization, laws, and legislation over time, consequently, create the fertile plains regarding preventative measures and used for agricultural production and urban emergency management from the viewpoint development. There is an increasingly wide gap that floods can never be totally eliminated. between the vulnerability of the poor to floods — Promoting information sharing, compilation of and the efforts to mitigate them. To mitigate the necessary data and capacity building for proper flood damages, a comprehensive and integrated maintenance and optimum operation of flood approach must be adopted including both pre- control facilities based on the recognition ventative and responsive measures. that improper management of such facilities may aggravate disasters. Actions — Giving importance to public participation National Governments should establish policies and community based local cooperation in for the mitigation of the affects of all natural raising awareness regarding the impacts of disasters, including flooding, backed by appropriate floods through appropriate policies and institutional arrangements. These should include related activities. the compilation and free and open exchange of — Investigating and conducting research into all relevant data, information and expertise. the impacts of climate change on future flooding in rivers, estuaries and coastal areas. Recommendations In order to reduce the loss of life, injury and 2. Allocate adequate financial resources to damage caused by floods, each country should: implement the necessary flood management projects in accordance with the above recom- 1. Adopt comprehensive and integrated flood- mendations. management strategies based on river basins, giving full consideration to flood 3. Cooperate with neighboring countries and control, environment, ecosystem, health, with all relevant intergovernmental and non- gender and sustainable use of water governmental programs aimed at mitigating resources. Such an integrated strategy the effects of floods, including participation should be underpinned as a context of inte- in the newly established International Flood grated water resource management which is Network (IFNet). closely related to the policies and practices for land management and the reduction of flood damages by all relevant stakeholders.

Specific recommendations are: — Consideration of both direct and indirect damages, and flooding as a major obstacle to implementing secure land use and eco- nomic activities and to protect urban poor. The vulnerability of the poor to floods can be mitigated through better planning. — Recognition of basic knowledge and continu- ous monitoring of hydrological, morphologi- cal and environmental aspects, as an essential pre-requisite for effective flood management. — Integration of structural and non-structural measures, supported by the social and eco- nomic sciences, such as levees, reservoirs,

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Groundwater Statement

Key Issues: Groundwater Resources — stakeholders as partners in resource admin- Importance & Sustainability istration, protection and monitoring, whilst — Groundwater is vital to many nations, irrespec- also acting on broader water resource plan- tive of their stage of economic development. ning and management strategy. Worldwide some 2.0 billion people, large num- — Both short- and long-term mechanisms to bers of industrial premises and innumerable increase the economic productivity of farmers depend on it for their water-supply. groundwater use, whilst renegotiating and — Accelerated groundwater development over reallocating existing abstractions, will be the past few decades has resulted in great important components of overall strategy. social and economic benefits, by providing Enhanced public awareness, improved low-cost, drought-reliable and (mainly) high- scientific understanding and local capacity quality water-supplies for urban areas, for building are also key elements for Appendix the rural population and for irrigation of improving groundwater management. (potentially high-value) crops. However, investment in resource management has Recommendations: Priority Areas for Political been seriously neglected. Further develop- Commitment ment and protection of the underlying — Time is of the essence. Many developing resource base will be vital for the economical nations need to appreciate their social and achievement of 'UN Millennium Goals'. economic dependency on groundwater, and — Whilst groundwater storage is vast (over to invest in strengthening institutional 99% of freshwater reserves) its rate of provisions and building institutional replenishment is finite and mainly limited to capacity for its improved management, the shallower aquifers, whose quality can before it is too late and groundwater also be seriously (and even irreversibly) resources are irrevocably degraded. degraded. Excessive resource development, — The international development agencies' of uncontrolled urban and industrial dis- donor nations and 'international develop- charges, and agricultural intensification are ment banks' are urged to put higher priority causing increasingly widespread degradation on supporting realistic initiatives to of aquifers. strengthen governance of groundwater — In some areas the consequences are far resources and local aquifer management. from trivial — falling water-tables frustrating Sustainable human livelihoods, food security poverty alleviation, irrevocably salinised or and key ecological systems will be dependent polluted groundwater, serious land subsid- upon such initiatives. ence, and reduction of groundwater flow to — The 'competent professional association', sustain wetlands. supported by its UN agency partners, is pledging to put much greater effort into Actions: Making Management & Protection promoting constructive dialogue on ground- More Effective water policy issues and into disseminating — The sustainability of groundwater is closely international experience in best practice for linked with a range of micro- and macro-policy aquifer management and protection. issues influencing land-use and surface water, and represents one of the major chal- The experience of the 'Theme Coordinators' and lenges in natural resource management. 'Session Conveners' covers a wide range of Practical advances are urgently needed, but geographic settings and a broad base of there is no simple blueprint for action due to responsibilities. Significant initiatives taken in the inherent variability of groundwater response to the 2nd World Water Forum are systems and of related socio-economic central to the focus, including the World Bank/ situations. Global Water Partnership Groundwater Manage- — It is always feasible, however, to make incre- ment Advisory Team (GW-MATE) supported by mental improvements. Government agen- Dutch and British trust funds, various compo- cies need to be enabled as 'guardians of nents of the UNESCO-International Hydrological groundwater' — working flexibly with local Programme (IHP) implemented in association 60 Input from the Forum to the Ministerial Conference B

with the International Association of Hydrogeolo- gists (IAH) and other UN agencies, and the Appendix SINEX-Intensive Groundwater Use project pro- moted with Spanish public and private funds.

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Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) & Basin Management Statement

Key Issues Many regions, countries and local communities The key issue confronting most countries today is have come to realize that water is a multi-stake- that of more effective governance, improved holder issue, and that partnerships of all inter- capacity and adequate financing to address the ested and affected parties are a viable increasing challenge of satisfying human and mechanism to translate this into practice. environmental requirements for water. Encouraging actions in IWRM and basin man- We face a governance crisis, rather than a water agement are also taking place between states at crisis. Water governance is about putting Integrated the regional level, both in terms of regional Water Resources Management, IWRM, with river conventions and protocols for shared waters. and lake basin management and public participation and community empowerment as critically The vital role of ecosystems in sustaining water Appendix important elements of it, into practice. as a resource and providing livelihoods to human beings and other species is increasingly IWRM addresses the "three E's": being recognized in national and local planning Economic efficiency, Environmental sustainability and management of water. and social Equity, including poverty reduction. Recommendations And with good reason: global figures of water scarcity, billions without adequate water supply Recommendation 1: Listen to people! and sanitation, devastating floods and droughts, environmental degradation, water related health IWRM starts at the local level. Recognition of problems and poverty tell a story of failure to act. local knowledge and rights, and acceptance of local actors at the negotiation table, are precondi- The three basic "pillars" of IWRM are the enabling tions for effective IWRM. environment of appropriate policies and laws, the institutional roles and framework, and the man- Recommendation 2: Prepare national IWRM agement instruments for these institutions to strategies apply on a daily basis. IWRM addresses both the Pursue Article 25 of the WSSD Plan of Implemen- management of water as a resource, and the tation: "develop IWRM and water efficiency plans framework for provision of water services to all by 2005, with support to developing countries, categories of users, and it addresses both water through actions at all levels". quantity and quality. In doing so the basin (river, lake or groundwater) must be recognized as the This objective should be pursued in close coordi- basic unit for planning and management, and a nation with the UN Task Force for the achievement firm societal commitment and proper public of the Millennium Development Goals. participation must be pursued. IWRM inherently recognises the ecosystems approach to river and In doing so it is critically important to integrate lake basin management, including the function of policies and strategies on water with other rele- ecosystems as the basis for livelihood of people vant sectors such as agriculture, environment, and conservation of biodiversiy. energy, health, transport, education etc. In this context the integration of water into poverty Actions reduction strategies (and PRSP's) must be pursued. New national policies, strategies and laws for water resources development and management Recommendation 3: Build multi-stakeholder are being developed in a large number of coun- partnerships tries worldwide, most often following the princi- Multi-stakeholder partnerships at regional, ples of IWRM. Such plans have often led to country and local levels should be promoted, restructuring of the institutional framework as a including the water related Type II Partnerships result, including river and lake basin organiza- launched at WSSD in Johannesburg. Such part- tions as the basic institutional entities for imple- nerships include governments, private sector, menting IWRM. academia, NGO's and civil society organisations.

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Recommendation 4: Create and support river and lake basin management structures Appendix As also stressed in the WSSD Plan of Implemen- tation there is a need to "develop and implement national/regional strategies, plans and programmes with regard to integrated river basin, watershed and groundwater management", including "programmes for mitigating the effects of extreme water related events". Such plans should be flexible and dynamic and responsive to changes in society and climate.

The creation and support to river and lake basin organizational structures involves all stakeholders, and include public participation through the mobilization and empowerment of the users and other relevant interest groups.

The support required for basin management spans from policies and laws through regulations, standards, financial arrangements and information management to practical capacity building at all levels.

Recommendation 5: Disseminate and implement the World Lake Vision A World Lake Vision (WLV) has been prepared as a major basis for developing and implementing individual lake visions and action plans. It should be supported to promote immediate actions to address the major environmental and socio-eco- nomic challenges facing lakes and their drainage basins.

We, the participants to this Theme, thank the six governors and mayors in Lake Biwa-Yodo River Basin for hosting the IWRM and Basin Management discussions. We welcome their agreement to work together towards a new basin network for water environment conservation, and, based on the recommendations above, call for action by stakeholders in all basins of the world.

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Water and Cities Statement

Key Issues — Promote an integrated approach to urban This is a century of urban transition, by 2020, water resources management taking cogni- nearly 60 per cent of the world's population will zance of the links between water.sanitation, live in urban areas, the growth predominantly gender and health, between social, environ- taking place in developing countries and in peri- mental and economic concerns, and urban settlements housing the urban poor. The between urban, peri-urban and rural areas. growing urban water demand poses three key — Harmonize urban spatial and economic plan- challenges to sustainable urban development: ning and development regulations with the social challenge of equitable allocation urban water resource planning and manage- among competing sectors, ensuring supply ment, linking both land and water uses, with security, adequate access to safe water and basic due consideration to extreme water events sanitation by the urban poor; the environmental like floods and droughts. Appendix challenge of protecting freshwater sources from — Adopt water demand management as a growing volumes of urban wastes; and the strategy of first choice in urban water financing challenge of mobilizing resources to resource management, creating through a meet the growing cost of water provision from cultural approach a new ethic of responsible ever distant and degraded sources. water-use in society through advocacy, information-sharing and education. Actions — Support appropriate technologies and The Habitat Agenda (1996), the Millennium Sum- approaches such as those to reduce distribu- mit (2000) and the World Summit on Sustainable tion and collection losses, promote rainwater Development (2002) have underscored the urban harvesting in urban areas, waste-water water and sanitation challenge and have set goals recycling in industry and wastewater reuse and targets for priority action. Promising initia- in urban and peri-urban areas. tives addressing these priorities include: the Glo- — Promote improved governance in urban bal Water Partnership promoting IWRM; regional service delivery, ensuring cost-efficiency, programmes like the Water for African Cities and transparency and accountability through Water for Asian Cities promoting demand and increased stakeholder participation and water quality management; Cities Alliance sup- involvement of civil society, and public- porting services for the urban poor; WASH focus- private partnerships. ing on sanitation and hygiene; and Water Utility — Support initiatives and activities community- Partnership (WUP) concentrating on utility based organizations, including women's reforms and improved sector performance. groups and small scale independent water providers, in the provision and management Recommendations of water and sanitation services for the Underscoring the importance of achieving the urban poor. internationally agreed goals of halving the num- — Enhance the flow of investment through ber of people without adequate access to safe new and innovative funding mechanisms drinking water supply and basic sanitation by and the introduction of realistic and progres- 2015 and improving the living condition of at sive tariffs for water and sanitation services, least 100 million slum dwellers by 2020, and with due safeguards for the urban poor. recognizing that freshwater is a finite, social and — Make better use of lessons learned from economic resource central to sustainable urban the history of water so as to promote long development, economic growth and social stability, endowed ethics and ensure long-term we solemnly undertake to adopt policies and sustainability. programmes that:

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Water and Climate Statement Appendix Key Issues Recommendations Over the past decades, increasing climate vari- — Enhance policies and measures towards ability and extreme weather have affected hun- adaptation to the impacts of climate variability dreds of millions of people worldwide and and change, along with continuing efforts disrupted national economies. Climate change is on further reduction of greenhouse gas inevitable and through water it has serious emissions. consequences for many sectors, including health — Continue the informed multi-stakeholder and sanitation, food security, energy and nature. approach (i.e.dialogues) at national, basin Everyone is affected, but the poor and remote are and regional level to prepare action plans for hit first and hardest. It is imperative to increase adaptation (such as NAPAs). our efforts towards abatement of greenhouse — Integrated Water Resources Management gases emissions and to initiate actions to better should become the inter-sectoral framework cope with today's climate variability, which is a under which the water and climate agenda first step towards coping with climate change. A needs to be implemented. greater appreciation of climate issues amongst — Develop national, basin and regional capacities water policy makers and planners, water manag- (policies, strategies, research and implemen- ers and society is the basis for effective actions in tation) and secure financial support for a sector that is essential to all facets of sustain- preparation and implementation of national able development. Even though climate is driven water sector adaptation plans. by global processes, most adaptation actions will — Create a "Water and Climate Alliance" as an need to be taken at the community, basin, international umbrella to continue building national and regional level. Climate variability bridges between the climate and water and weather extremes will derail achieving the sector, encourage capacity development to 2015 Millennium Development Goals. Develop- better cope with climate impacts, and facilitate ment activities without considering climate obtaining financial support for national, change will further increase vulnerability. basin and regional level adaptation plans. — Establish Water and Climate Associated Actions Program under the GWP. Categories of action include infrastructure devel- — Enhance efforts to integrate and mainstream opment, timely warning and forecasting systems, the initiatives developed under the Water risk reduction, risk sharing and data manage- and Climate Associated Program with ment, spatial planning and institutional capacity related processes like the IPCC's 4th development and reform, based upon community Assessment Report, national communications level decision making. To support these actions for UNFCCC, and disaster preparedness data are needed from extended observational and management strategies. systems and networks. — Mainstream the climate variability and change into national water and land management The Dialogue on Water and Climate (DWC) was policies and management practices. launched in 2001 to develop and promote adaptation — Reverse the trend of further deteriorating strategies that help reduce the vulnerability of the in-situ data collecting and observational poor against the detrimental effects of climate networks. variability and climate change. In many countries and regions the multi-stakeholder dialogue process has been put in place at the regional, national and basin levels. Through these dia- logues a wide range of stakeholders can examine which information is required for awareness raising, what measures can be taken to cope with the effects of climate change, and how climate can best be factored into water resources management policies.

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Water and Cultural Diversity Statement

Preamble Objectives — The UNESCO Universal Declaration of Cul- — Sustain and further affirm cultural diversity tural Diversity (2001) and the Johannesburg and heritage, the knowledge, legal and Declaration on Sustainable Development societal pluralism that secure our ability to (2002) urge the dialogue and cooperation adapt in a changing world. within human society and among cultures in — Participatory decision making in IWRM order to wisely use and sustainably manage should take into account all facets of cultural earth's resources. Water is a vital resource, diversity and seek informed consensus. having economic, ecological, social and — Cultural diversity, stakeholder involvement spiritual functions. Consequently its manage- and intercultural dialogue should be the ment determines to great extent sustainability. guiding principles for the development of Due to its fundamental role in society's life, awareness raising, educational and capacity Appendix water has a strong cultural dimension. building material and methods. Without understanding and considering the — UNESCO, COMEST*, related institutions and cultural aspects of our water problems no networks should elaborate appropriate sustainable solution can be found. guidance for the development of those materials and methods. Issues — Relations between peoples and their envi- Action Plan ronment are embedded in culture. — The results of the 3rd World Water Forum — The ways in which water is conceived and Theme Water and Cultural Diversity should valued, understood and managed, used or be published and disseminated to educational abused, worshipped or desecrated, are institutions. influenced by the cultures of which we are — The intention of the World Water Council is a part. welcomed to create a specific working group — Water is life, physical, emotional and spiri- on the relationship between water and culture tual. It should not be considered merely as (including aspects of cultural diversity and an economic resource. Sharing water is an heritage) and invites professional associa- ethical imperative and expression of human tions to explicitly address this issue in their solidarity. The intimate relationship between respective work programmes, involving water and peoples should be explicitly taken indigenous peoples in these processes. into account in all decision-making processes. — Incorporate in scientific and professional — As the frequent failure of "imported solutions" conferences, sessions on the relevant has proven, water resources management indigenous and customary knowledge and will fail without the full consideration of practices. these cultural implications. — Promote an ethical framework and the — Cultural diversity, developed during the formulation of legislative and institutional millennia by human societies, constitutes policies to facilitate the implementation of a treasure of sustainable practices and the above actions and initiatives.

innovative approaches. Indigenous knowledge * World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and holders should be full partners with scientists Technology to find solutions for water-related problems. — Indigenous ways of life and knowledge are an integral part of humanity's heritage and cultural diversity. Indigenous peoples have an important role to play in sustainable water resources management. In this context, due respect must be given to indigenous peoples' rights.

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Water and Energy Statement Appendix As water is the basis of life and energy is environment and promoting linkages between essential for social and economic development. economic and non-economic benefits. Management to ensure secure, sustainable and — Advances are being made to improve the equitable supplies of water and energy are crucial quality and quantity of energy supplies and concerns for the 21st century. to extend the life of existing schemes. — Initiatives such as Renewable Energy Targets Key Issues and Emissions Trading have been developed — Water and energy resources are interlinked1, to encourage sustainable energy options. both influence social stability. Recommendations and Commitments — Worldwide 1.4 billion people lack access to adequate and safe water and 1.6 billion — Water and energy must be integrated as far people have no access to a power supply. as possible: for example, multipurpose Many of these are the same people. infrastructure offers the advantages of — Global population growth is intensifying shared costs and benefits. the pressure on water and energy needs; — Hydropower contributes to meeting both public and private funding and institutional water and energy needs; the sector is capacity are currently insufficient to meet committed to work with a wider group of the challenges. disciplines to maximise hydropower's — While the existing stock of energy facilities contribution to sustainable development. continues to get older, the rate of commis- — Stakeholder consultation and awareness sioning for new capacity is declining. will assist sustainable water and energy — Sustainable development requires a greater management. expenditure to minimize the negative — Greater political and financial commitment impacts of infrastructure; however, less is required for longer term planning. economic proposals will not find funding. Transparency and efficiency of decisions — The vast majority (95% during the next three must be improved. decades) of future population growth will be — Far stronger financial incentives7 must be in urban areas, requiring flexible2, efficient, introduced to: reduce consumption, improve larger scale, integrated solutions, but efficiency and extend the life of existing, political trends favour small scale, short term less-polluting schemes (where possible), options3. and promote new development. — While all energy options4 have impacts, — Availability, flexibility and reliability of supply thermal energy generation is of great concern: must become criteria for options assessment. emissions of greenhouse gases, acid-rain — Efficient power systems require interconnec- compounds, other pollutants, and issues tion to increase security, optimize plant relating to nuclear technology. operation and minimize environmental — Many of the poorest countries have the impact. basic resources for energy supply, but lack — The recommendation of the World Commis- the financial capacity to meet the high capital sion on Dams for constructive dialogue cost of development5. should be utilised to avoid polarized, negative debate in the future. Current Actions — Before conclusions are finalized, further effort — Increasing attention is being given to the is required to study the net GHG emissions evaluation of existing schemes and the from reservoirs in tropical lowland areas. identification of good practice, including — Continued commitment is required for bet- greater consultation with local people6. ter consultation and negotiated outcomes — Tools are being developed to evaluate for people affected by project development. options in terms of energy pay-back and 1 For example, in California, 15,000 GWh/year (ten times the total power consumption of Uganda) is used to treat and level of service. supply water; in India, pumping to lift groundwater for — New approaches to water and energy agriculture accounts for 27% of total power consumption. 2 Hydropower with a storage reservoir is the most flexible management attempt to cover multiple energy technology in terms of power generation; it can objectives; reducing the impact on the generate power exactly when it is needed, providing the back-up for intermittent sources such as wind power, and allowing 67 67 B Input from the Forum to the Ministerial Conference

thermal plants to operate at their best efficiency (steady state), thus further reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 3 In remote areas, small scale, decentralized schemes will remain fundamental for sustainable development; also, small scheme will be important for energy recovery in water service- and navigation systems. 4 For example, the world's power supply is: 63% from coal, oil and gas; 17% from nuclear; and 20% from renewable sources (95% of which is from hydropower). 5 For example, Europe has developed 75% of its hydropower potential, but South America has only developed 33%, Asia 22% and Africa 7%. 6 This is reflected in an increasing number of recommendations, policies and sector guidelines; for example, World Bank, IEA, WCD and IHA. 7 There must be greater equity in financial risk, the deterrent of high initial capital cost must be addressed, and long term power purchase agreements should be made available for sustainable energy schemes. Appendix

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Water and Governance Statement Appendix Key Issues Commitments Why Governance? There is clear evidence that — GWP and UNDP committed to follow up political openness and stability and good gover- actions as part of the Type II Partnership for nance are the most significant factors for reduc- Effective water Governance ing poverty, improving equity and attracting — China committed to implementation of its new investment. Recently, goals and targets for water water law have been set and the political will to meet these — Shiga Prefecture, Japan, committed to the con- targets raised. Despite this there is too little trol of eutrophication of Lake Biwa through new action and too little investment with current legislation to protect the lake against pollution. investments often poorly managed. Investment — The Governor of Shiga proposed the creation (public or private) is low because water is seen as of a Lake Biwa-Yodo Greater Basin Initiative a high-risk low return activity that is complex with for the integrated management of the basin. sensitive issues that increase transaction costs. Civil Society Groups committed to advocate Good water governance requires effective socio- for the exclusion of water services from the political and administrative systems adopting an GATS and other trade agreements. IWRM approach with transparent and participa- tory processes that address ecological and Recommendations human needs. Primary responsibility rests with — Governments should commit to the prepa- Governments to establish an effective governance ration of IWRM plans by 2005 in accordance framework. In doing so care is needed to take with the WSSD Plan of Implementation. account of external influences such as interna- These plans should set out STRATEGIES and tional agreements (particularly trade agreements). NOT just issues and include shared waters. Government should not abdicate responsibility They should be prepared with the active but nor can the State act alone and achieving participation of all stakeholders. Plans good water governance will require action should link to national Poverty Reduction through partnerships. Strategies and take account of ecosystems as a source of freshwater. Actions — Where developing countries highlight — Governance has become firmly established water as a priority, donors should respond within the water community and the Bonn by providing increased aid for water services Conference and World Summit in Johannes- and management. For countries committed burg have provided increased political aware- to improve water governance and develop ness of water governance issues. socio-economic policies, extra support — Several countries have developed new water should be given to help them implement laws, eg China in October 2002. laws and build administrative capacity for — Dialogues on water governance have been efficient public institutions at different levels held in over 30 countries and the Dialogue on of authority as well as provide funds for effective water governance was accepted as a services for the poor. Type II partnership at the WSSD. — Central governments should strengthen — Many partnerships have been established or their capacity for sustainable management strengthened (involving public, private and of water resources. As appropriate, opera- civil society stakeholders). tional and service delivery functions should be decentralised to municipalities, local In 2002 the content of the human right to water was governments, communities and public or defined in a General Comment by the UN Commit- private operators. Water services should be tee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. paid for by consumers and/or through transparent, targeted and funded subsidies for the poor so that all water service delivery systems are financially and managerially sustainable.

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— Governments should commit to institutional development and prepare simple, clear and publicly accessible legal and regulatory frameworks that avoid jurisdictional over- laps and conflict between sectors and fill administrative gaps. — Better communications and access to information sharing should be promoted to help establish accountable and trans- parent systems and reduce corruption. Civil society and the local media should act as watchdogs to help ensure compliance within a monopoly situation. Legitimacy and 'ownership' of policies by society should

Appendix be secured through social mobilisation and participation by stakeholders.

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Water and Information Statement Appendix Key Issues — Why Information? Recommendations: Enacting Information- To be effective, actions to address the world's based Agendas water-related issues must be grounded in Information and knowledge are key ingredients in credible, relevant, and timely information. our efforts to effectively manage water resources, to mitigate water-related disasters and to pro- — Achieving the Johannesburg, Bonn and WWF mote environmental integrity and sustainable initiatives will require our best collective development. Therefore, we call upon governments knowledge, information, and technology. and international institutions to: Water information efforts are vital to realizing sustainable development goals. — Recognize the importance of capacity sharing — The collection, analysis, dissemination, and and knowledge sharing activities to improving utilization of water data and information water management, and the importance around the world requires greater invest- of grounding water policies in sound ment, especially in information-poor areas information; in the developing world where poverty, — Acknowledge the vital role of publicly water scarcity, floods, droughts, pollution accessible information in efforts to and disease have devastating impacts. increase transparency and accountability, — Raising the public awareness and political and in combating corruption; will needed to implement sustainable water — Aim to increase the transparency and management requires multi-media strategies accountability in water-related decision- promoting the values of water, its efficient making processes; use, disaster mitigation, and the protection — Demand timely, updated, accurate, and of water resources. understandable water information developed by multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder Information-based Principles & Commitments processes; — Support and Promote problem-based Therefore, theme participants are committed to research and assessment efforts vital to these principles: generating information needed for achieving — All people should have access to relevant integrated water resources management; and understandable water information — Mobilize and Allocate needed funds to support allowing them to make informed water information-based activities and capacity decisions and to participate meaningfully in building; and water management. — Encourage and Participate in collaborative — Effective, transparent, and accountable information and knowledge sharing initiatives water governance is ultimately built upon a at appropriate local, regional, national, and foundation of credible, timely, and relevant international levels. information. — Collaborative efforts to acquire data, exchange lessons learned, and to develop knowledge partnerships are needed to fill information gaps hindering sustainable water management and to empower more effective water institutions. These efforts and partnerships will incorporate advancing information technologies, as well as traditional and indigenous knowledge bases.

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Water and Poverty Statement

Key Issues: What role can improved water laws, policies, institutional mandates, and management play in poverty reduction? participatory processes for decision-making. The links between poverty and water security are — Higher investments in water infrastructure widely understood and are enshrined in goals and services that meet poor people's water agreed in the Millennium Declaration and the needs, supported by capacity building in Plan of Implementation from the World Summit poor communities and service providers. on Sustainable Development. Achieving these — Improve advocacy for, awareness of and goals will bring immediate and lasting benefits in knowledge on pro-poor water policies and poverty reduction through improved health, management by active campaigns that productivity, local economy, social status and involve all stakeholders. dignity for poor people. — Define and put in place strategies and moni- toring systems to achieve clear targets and Appendix Improved water management and sanitation can indicators, based on international commit- also make the livelihoods of poor people more ments for poverty reduction and water productive and sustainable. Water is a key input security. into many livelihood activities such as agriculture Recommendations: Pro-Poor Partnerships and home-based enterprises and is critical to for Water Security large-scale economic development. Water man- Meeting these challenges will require all stakehold- agement plays a critical role in conserving and ers to be active participants, through partnerships sustaining the natural resource base and is pivotal that are based on common but differentiated in reducing the vulnerability to hazards such as responsibilities to improve the water security of floods and droughts that impoverish so many. poor communities. Such partnership arrange- Improved water management can play a key role ments will create a basis for water and poverty in promoting gender and social equity. action initiatives that bring early and tangible benefits at local levels to achieve major improve- Actions: What actions can improve the ments to water security for poor people. water security of the poor?

— The delivery of improved water services These water and poverty action initiatives should (including both the quantity and quality of support effective national policies and strategies water), sanitation and hygiene and the for poverty reduction and water investments: management of water resources, guided by water management alone will not solve poverty good policies and governance that improve problems and poverty will not be reduced without equity and target the most vulnerable in improved water security for the poor. society. — The specific needs and opportunities of poor people identified and targeted as a priority in water management, even where this may affect other development objectives. — Empower poor people, and especially women, children and other vulnerable groups, to be meaningfully involved in decisions over services and the management of water resources. — Governments should include pro-poor water management as a key element in national poverty reduction strategies and associated programs with external support agencies. — Improve the access of poor people to water resources by better governance to secure the rights and entitlements of the poor, especially for women, through reforms to

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Water for Peace Statement Appendix Key Issues Recommendations & Commitments "Water for Peace" and "Peace for Water" are Greater political will and integrated actions which essential for achieving sustainable management respect both cultural and ecosystem diversity are of the world's hundreds of regional and interna- urgently needed, with particular emphasis on: tional rivers, lakes and aquifers. The vital nature of water makes it a possible cause of tension but, Sharing Benefits: more importantly, a potential source of coopera- The focus of discussions on transboundary coop- tion. Many longstanding water related disputes eration should be changed from simply sharing still remain unresolved and the growing demand water, and restricting sovereignty, to highlighting for finite freshwater resources heightens the risk the myriad benefits to be gained and shared by of future conflicts developing. all states from the recognition of interdepen- dence and integrated management both at a Water for Peace is About: basin and aquifer level. Redistribution of these — sharing of benefits among nations for shared benefits at national level needs parallel regional economic integration rather than stakeholder participation processes and should polarized claims for water; be integrated with poverty reduction strategies. — protecting watercourses and infrastructure during wars and conflicts, and post-conflict Environment: rehabilitation of water resources; The integrity of ecosystems must be respected in — balancing competing uses of basin and aqui- the terms of inter-state and basin agreements. fer resources in a transparent, participative way; Participation and Capacity Building: — acknowledging that unilateral upstream The right of stakeholders to take decisions water development affects downstream regarding water resources should be respected in uses; and transboundary watercourses. All stakeholders — improving our knowledge about the causes should be helped to obtain the capacity to fully of conflicts and potential policy responses. participate in the process of development of Nations that learn to cooperate on sharing basin and aquifer strategies, agreements and the benefits of water may then cooperate on institutions, through transparency and information. other issues. Awareness raising and education strategies, International law and development support for including training of mediators, should be water cooperation over river basins and aquifers implemented to ensure that all people, including are both currently insufficient to meeting these government leaders, learn how to best take up the challenges. The vast majority of States have challenges of sharing water. Stakeholders can failed to reconfirm their commitment to cooper- include people "beyond the basin". ate over shared water by neither including this International Law: goal in the WSSD agreements, nor ratifying the UN Convention on the Non-Navigational Uses of International Law should become a more power- International Watercourses. ful tool in transboundary water conflict preven- tion and arbitration. Efforts should be increased Actions across the world to reach integrated and effective Despite many excellent initiatives by river basin basin-wide and shared aquifer management organizations (Mekong, Rhine, Danube, Senegal, agreements among all states in each interna- Okavango, etc.), bi-lateral agreements, regions tional basin. States should immediately ratify the (SADC Water Protocol, EU Water Framework 1997 UN Convention on the Non-Navigational Directive), and international organizations Uses of International Watercourses. Additional (UNESCO-Green Cross, GEF, GIWA, INBO, WWF, measures are needed to clarify and strengthen IUCN), much more needs to be done in a more the protection of water systems during times of integrated and coordinated way. armed conflict and from terrorist attack.

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Financial Support: International assistance can support cooperation in international river basins by financing and facilitating communication between basin stakes and stakeholders. The different activities of the various external actors should be coordinated. Funding mechanisms should be adapted to sup- port activities related to internationally shared water bodies.

Facilitation & Mediation: As originally raised at the 2nd World Water Forum, there is a need to establish a water mediation facility to provide services to assist with the management of

Appendix transboundary waters, to avoid or resolve disputes. This international water mediation facility should be a joint endeavour of the appropriate United Nations entities, an international legal institution and a water related international NGO, and work on request with basin authorities, governments and other stakeholders to resolve particularly intractable water related disputes.

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Water Supply, Sanitation, Hygiene and Water Pollution Statement Appendix

Key Issues Partnerships to note include those launched at There are still 2.4 billion people around the globe WSSD, the WASH initiative; the Healthy Environ- that lack access to improved sanitation, and 1.1 ments for Children Alliance; the public-private billion people are without access to improved sector alliance on hand washing, the West Africa water supply. WHO has estimated the burden of Water Initiative, the European Union Water Initia- water-related diseases, which reveals 88% of diar- tive, and the US-Japan Partnership; the US white rhoeal disease in the world was attributable to water to blue water initiative; the from hilltops to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. 3.1% of oceans initiative, the proposed Global Water deaths (1 .7 million) and 3.7% of Disability Quality Initiative and the International Network Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) (54.2 million) world- on Household Water Safety. wide are attributable to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. Lack of access to basic services is a Commitments/Recommendations major determinant of poverty and actions in The participants of the theme urged leaders and hygiene water and sanitation contribute signifi- decision makers in all fields to: cantly to development and health. Recommended Long-term Goals

Water and sanitation related disease, although — Complement the existing focus on extending preventable, remains one of the most significant coverage as embodied in the MDGs with child health problems world wide, second only to measures to address the priorities of acute respiratory infections. Millions of children unserved populations and to empower such are malnourished, physically stunted and men- populations to act effectively. tally retarded or blind, as a result of water and — Increase the levels of investment in resources sanitation related disease and infections. With (both financial and human) available to growing urbanization, inadequately treated sew- achieve the WSSD goals, especially from age leads to significant impact on ground waters, 'big ticket' investments to those of greatest inland waters and the sea. applicability to poor and unserved populations; and ensure that adequate provision is made to The World Summit on Sustainable Development address the concerns of unserved populations. (WSSD) in Johannesburg, August-September — Raise the profiles of sanitation, hygiene and 2002 led to agreement on two key challenges for water quality in political and developmental the sector: 1) halve, by the year 2015, the propor- processes, at all levels. tion of people without access to safe drinking — Prioritize and focus public resources in water (reaffirmation of Millennium Development sanitation, safe water supply, hygiene and Goal), and 2) halve, by the year 2015, the propor- water environment on critical items for tion of people who do not have access to basic which households are unable to pay. sanitation. The human Right to Water was given — Re-orient research and development activities added impetus through the release of General to address priority concerns. Comment 14 on the right to water by the Committee Recommended Short-term Goals in Economic Social and Cultural Rights in 2002. — Develop global goals into realistic local, Actions national targets for improved sanitation and Current attention focuses especially on develop- hygiene, adopting people centered ment and promotion of policies based on health approaches, and bearing in mind human gain; improving sanitation from both health and right to water. environmental perspectives; actions focused on — Develop and strengthen clear policies and households (including rainwater harvesting and institutional frameworks needed to household water safety); the roles of women; pri- improve sanitation, safe water supply and ority 'setting' including schools rural and peri- hygiene including adequate environmental urban areas; and the importance of municipalities management in this regard. as critical actors. — Initiate national level campaigns, such as WASH, Healthy Environments for Children, etc, in order to actively involve all elements

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of society in meeting these short and long term goals. — Promote the integration of sanitation and pollution control (including eutrophication control and non-point source pollution control) in integrated water resource management. — To maintain and develop periodic monitoring of progress through reliable indicators and survey methodologies.

Tools to Address Challenges — Adopt integrated efforts to improve the management and allocation or resources.

Appendix — Develop clear and measurable indicators for monitoring progress. — Increasing stakeholder participation. — Develop partnerships to sustain advocacy efforts. — Initiatives to consolidate and disseminate information relevant to those in need of it.

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Water and Transport Statement Appendix Key Issues Commitment Inland Waterway Transport (IWT), defined to We, the participants of the Water and Transport include coastal shipping, is a low-cost, energy- Theme of the 3rd World Water Forum, recognize efficient, and environmentally friendly mode of that permanent incorporation of IWT into IWRM transport. The CO2 emissions from IWT are and comprehensive transport systems would approximately one-thirteenth of those of road result in a significant expansion of its use, which freight transport. The development of IWT in turn would: (I) contribute to environmentally reflects the geographic and socio-economic back- sustainable generation of wealth; (II) promote ground of each particular region and has contrib- traditional culture and technologies through uted in a broad range of ways to human society. mutual exchange; and (III) help realize more IWT can serve as a convenient mode of transport prosperous, safer, and more peaceful human in congested cities, and has an important role to societies. play in recreation and tourism. Most importantly, IWT can be used both for long-distance transport We agree to take initiatives to ensure that IWT is and local feeder transport. If IWT infrastructure properly valued, that a modal shift and integration can be integrated with other types of infrastructure, of transport are promoted, and that programs for the viability of individual projects will be IWT in developing countries are supported. We, enhanced. However, vast lengths of navigable therefore, agree: waters remain undeveloped on a global scale in spite of the potential and multi-functional capacity — To promote the development of environmen- of IWT. tally friendly IWT as an integral component of both intermodal transport systems and The key constraints to IWT development throughout multipurpose use of water resources; the world that must be addressed include: — To establish a network with a knowledge base and regular international meetings for the — Poor recognition of the potential contribution purpose of sharing best practices, knowledge, of IWT to the solution of a broad range of and experience. Japan agrees to take a leading economic, environmental, and social issues; role in this effort, working in close collaboration — General lack of basic waterway infrastructure, with other organizations; technology, and financial resources; — To promote capacity building and joint (multi- — Exclusion of IWT from integrated water lateral) research and development; resources management (IWRM); — To develop a comprehensive decision-support — Failure to integrate IWT within comprehensive framework for evaluating IWT-related programs; transport systems; — To support adjustment of institutions, legis- — Insufficient institutional capacity, legal lation, and development policy; and instruments, and policies for IWT; — To develop new applications for IWT in — Limited information sharing; and disaster management and waste recycling. — Inadequate public awareness and little political will for change.

Current Trends Though IWT has been utilized throughout history, the need for a modal shift in transport networks has only recently been recognized. River-oriented leisure activities are on the rise. Following the experience of the 1995 Kobe Earthquake, IWT has gained recognition as an effective form of disaster relief transport. IWT is being planned and devel- oped all over the world.

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Water, Education and Capacity Building Statement

Key Issues The widening gap between developing and devel- Without effective capacity building the water- oped countries in using information and communi- related Millennium Development Goals will never cations technologies needs to be reduced urgently. be achieved. Education, training and capacity The distance and e-learning programmes developed building are still frequently treated as add-ons to and offered by UNESCO-IHE, UNU-INWEH, development programmes. Local capacity-building IW-LEARN, Cap-Net, WET and others, as well as institutions have been largely ignored. Capacity the global development learning network of WBI, building is both a process and an investment for are contributing to the reduction of this digital the future. Therefore it must be sustained and divide and need continuous support. funded in the long-term. The General Assembly of the United Nations has declared 2005 - 2014 as To broaden support for a larger, more holistic the United Nations Decade of Education for effort, effective capacity building cases need to be Appendix Sustainable Development in recognition of the documented and promoted widely. urgent need for action. Sharing knowledge is both an ethical imperative and the basis of Recommendations sustainable development. The world needs a quantum increase in capacity building effort for IWRM. This must be high- A new strategy for capacity building needs to be lighted in the Kyoto Ministerial Statement. developed, reflecting: Greater attention should also be given to water education in primary and secondary schools, and — Local ownership: using local institutions to water-sector education and training needs to be plan and deliver capacity building services at re-oriented towards IWRM. Toolkits for teachers all levels. training programmes should be developed. — Partnerships: assembling the best interna- tional and local knowledge to deliver capacity Capacity building actions must be integrated into building in integrated water resources all water programmes, through international, management. regional and local capacity building centres. — Demand responsiveness: promoting and using demand-assessment methods and The demand for present and future human capacity linkages between implementing agencies can only be met with increased long term funding and capacity-building service providers. at the global scale.

Actions Capacity building institutions — supported by Decision-makers and leaders at all levels need to Cap-Net — will share their expertise and be trained in the principles of integrated water resources for better service delivery. UNESCO resources management. Their leadership compe- will launch a platform (GOUTTE of Water) bringing tencies are required to find creative and sustain- together WECB stakeholders to focus in water able solutions. The GWP, Cap-Net and its education on ethics and cultural diversity. regional/national networks, are stimulating a cre- ative framework of local institutions to support The UN Water-Education-Training (WET) Support training and leadership development. Group will co-ordinate the water-related aspects of the draft implementation scheme for the UN To enhance capacity building, we must promote Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. and implement knowledge and learning systems that recognise and build on explicit and implicit knowledge available within institutions and individuals.

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Water, Food and Environment Statement Appendix Key Issues Actions The Green Revolution has come hand-in-hand There are several key international actions that with sharply increased water use in irrigated address the water, food and environment challenges: agriculture that has led to increased staple food availability at record-low prices, as well as damaged — The Dialogue on Water, Food and Environment the environment. The majority of environmental is an initiative established by ten international goods and services are provided by lakes/rivers, organizations to improve water resources wetlands and marine waters. Many of these services management by bridging the gap between depend on the integrity of aquatic ecosystems. the food and environment sectors through open and transparent dialogues and To achieve the Millennium Development Goals on knowledge sharing (www.iwmi/dialogue.org). water and sanitation, and provide water for — The Comprehensive Assessment of Water industry in urban areas, it is predicted that urban Management for Agriculture (www.iwmi.org) and industrial areas in developing countries will and IUCN's Water and Nature Initiative sharply increase their water use in coming (www.iucn.org) are initiatives that contribute decades. Food and agriculture experts predict to the Knowledge Base of the Dialogue on that up to 15-20 percent more water is also water, Food and Environment. needed for agriculture over the next 25 years to — The CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and provide food security to the expanding world Food is a major research and development population. Environmental experts state that rivers initiative to increase the productivity of are already running dry, more than 50% of the water for food and livelihoods, in a manner world's wetlands have disappeared in the previous that is environmentally sustainable and century and environmental flow requirements of socially acceptable (www.waterforfood.org). ecosystems are ranging from 20-50% of the annual river flow. As presented in the theme Recommendations opening session, at least 1.4 billion people live in — The guiding principle for striking a balance basins where current water use is already in conflict between water for food and environmental with environmental water requirements. security must be integrated water resources management at the river basin level. The sessions in the Water Food and Environment — Further development of the concept of virtual explored, among others, global environmental water trade — particularly international trade water requirements, a comprehensive assessment in food and fiber — should focus on environ- of water for agriculture, trade in virtual water as a mental, social, economic and political means to alleviate water shortages, the gover- implications of using virtual water trade as a nance of groundwater in Asia, water issues in strategic instrument in water and food security Arab countries and the Nile Basin, and the potential policies, including in WTO negotiations. of structured and facilitated dialogues among — The concept of environmental flow require- stakeholder groups to overcome conflicts and find ments need to be further worked out and widely supported water management strategies. applied at the basin level to provide a basis to strike a balance between water for food Achieving water, food and environmental security and environmental security. simultaneously — and bridging the gap between — A target should be adopted for water for pro- the agriculture and environment sectors — is the ductive use to complement the existing water key issue for the water, food and environment and sanitation targets. An appropriate target theme. The question that needs answering is how was formulated by the Prince of Orange in No to strike a balance between water for food and Water No Future (www.nowater-nofuture.org): water for the environment. "Increased food production, to achieve targets for decreasing malnourishment and rural poverty, without increasing global diversions of water to agriculture over the 2000 level."

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Water, Nature and Environment

Key Issues II. Address pollution The hard work for the sustainable management of Pollution remains a major threat. Action to water resources is unmistakable, but the pressures improve sanitation needs to be directly linked to on our environment have not diminished. We still the reduction and prevention of pollution. We witness the pollution of waterways, the deterioration need to: of headwaters and the degradation of valuable rivers, wetlands, lakes, coasts, mountains and seas. — Implement of basin-wide pollution treatment We all struggle for resources, capacity and political and prevention plans; will to improve management and achieve the goals — Encourage basin and coastal area-wide to which Governments have committed in The partnerships to address pollution; Hague, Bonn and Johannesburg. — Develop financial, legal and institutional incentives for pollution prevention; Appendix Actions — Build capacity and technical support for We increasingly see examples where societal demand-side water management. goals are met whilst the services of ecosystems are protected. III. Increase efforts to conserve aquatic biodiversity These actions deserve wider-scale application: The importance of aquatic ecosystems for the hydrological cycle, biodiversity and livelihoods — Protection and restoration of ecosystems must be recognised. Their protection must be and aquifers for water services; incorporated in basin and water management. — Implementation of environmental flows for It is recommended to: downstream ecosystems and users; — Development of multi-stakeholder — Ensure stakeholder-based valuation of eco- approaches for integrated action; system functions and incentives for their — Integrated adaptive management of land, protection and wise use; mountain, forest and water resources; — Integrate wetland conservation in water — Basin-wide pollution prevention and treatment resources and land use planning; plans; — Establish proper management regimes for — Innovative financing and legal frameworks critical aquatic biodiversity, and mitigate or for environmental protection; prevent pressures on these resources. — Water-demand management.

Recommendations

I. Implement the ecosystem approach to water management The ecosystem approach integrates different per- spectives into integrated management of land, forests and water resources. The ecosystem approach and its following measures have clear benefits and must be widely implemented:

— Protect mountains and forests with appro- priate compensation; — Leave enough water in rivers to maintain downstream benefits; — Restore ecosystems, springs and aquifers that are vital for water sources; — Integrate the management of land and water resources with special attention to environ- mental protection and resource conservation.

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CEO (Chief Executive Officer) Panel Statement Appendix Key Issues Actions

Preamble & Challenges Five projects have linked these principles to action in areas where industry can contribute to Water lies at the heart of protecting the global making a difference. environment, promoting social progress and nurturing economic growth. CEO Panel companies — Raising awareness through education — have been in action since the 2nd World Water providing guidelines on toolkits for schools Forum. Individually they have continued to — Water and sustainable agriculture and for- develop programmes that contribute to these estry — turning experience into principles challenges. Through the CEO Panel they have and practices shared their expertise and commitment, learning — Financing water development — innovative from each other. funding for small and medium-size water projects They have gone further, seeking deeper relation- — Integrated Water Resource Management — ships with other sectors of society, particularly local creating innovative materials to promote and national governments and non-governmental IWRM among professionals and children organisations. The Panel's experience of working in — Valuing water for better governance — partnerships convinces them that new forms of generating new thinking through stakeholder dialogue and collaborative action are vital. dialogue

Problem Statement Each project draws on the companies' own A new sense of partnership is key to make the activities, experience and best practice in partner- right to water a reality. Our priorities are deliver- ship with others. All offer usable and replicable ing the UN Millennium Development Goals for output that will contribute to future improvements. water and sanitation and preserving and protect- Through the development of these projects, and ing the natural environment, the planet's asset at the CEO Panel session of the 3rd World Water base on which all life and progress depends. Forum, we have shown how dialogue between These challenges can only be met by stakehold- stakeholders contributes to lasting solutions. ers acting together. The Panel has concentrated on partnership in key areas that are critical for the Recommendations future building on the themes they developed in The challenge is to multiply and up-scale such 2000: partnerships. Governments, civil society and industry must continue to develop these ways of — Water supply and allocation collaborating, combining their strengths and — Water use and protection of water quality skills with those of the others. What has been — Institutions for water management started on a small scale needs to be embraced by — Engagement within society many more people and organisations.

Business and industry are ready and willing to play their part. They look forward to new opportunities to join with others in society in the shared aim of turning our aspirations for water into reality.

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Children's World Water Forum Statement

Children's Water Manifesto — Respect children and young people's opinions In the name of love, peace and harmony — We the and different cultures in relation to water use 109 children and young people of the world and sanitation, as well as provide safe water representing 32 countries, pledge to seek the areas for children and young people's play support of decision makers in planning, designing, — Promote strong environmental child-friendly implementing and evaluating programmes education on issues related to diversified related to children, water, sanitation and hygiene. water use for boys, girls, teachers, parents We want the decision makers to guarantee the and community leaders participation of children and young people, — Support children and young people's according to the Convention on the Rights of the projects and activities relating to water and Child (CRC), to ensure the participation, protection, the environment that affects the access to survival and development of children and young potable water and sanitation Appendix people through promoting a safe environment for We as children and young people pledge to: their healthy development and well being. We assert the following: — Establish action groups, clubs, organisa- tions, and networks of children and young Governments are obliged to: people for activities on water, sanitation — Ensure that children and young people are and hygiene — locally, nationally and involved in the decision making and policy internationally making processes beginning from the planning — Be responsible for peer to peer education through implementation and evaluation of as young facilitators and child to adult household water related programmes/ education on conservation of water, sanitation issues, including access, safety, conservation, and hygiene and use of water — Develop and use child-friendly resource — Improve water and sanitation facilities, materials and use child peer education particularly for girls so that they can stay in methods like drama, poetry, drawing, web schools. Therefore allocate sufficient bud- sites, etc. to create more awareness on envi- get for water and sanitation programmes in ronment, water and sanitation issues schools. Reallocate investments on arma- — To work with decision makers to promote ments as budgets to support school pro- better water and sanitation facilities at grammes and child friendly facilities schools in rural and urban areas and in the — Strengthen partnerships and cooperate with community so that girls do not drop out of children and young people with NGOs, schools or face abuse government, municipalities, private companies — Be involved in designing, implementing and and media to strengthen school programme evaluating child managed water and sanita- and child friendly facilities tion projects and other initiatives — Encourage free exchange and sharing of — Form a Global Children and Young People's information, technology, and experiences Alliance on water, sanitation and hygiene. across developed and developing nations, specific to household water security — Take preparatory measures towards strengthening the infrastructure and basic services during emergencies and train children and young people to exchange ideas and support during emergencies

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Gender and Water Panel Statement Appendix Key Issues Commitments The cost effectiveness and positive impacts of Government of Brazil a gender approach in the water sector have been amply demonstrated. Furthermore, the Cooperation with the Gender and Water Alliance, need for mainstreaming gender in Integrated primarily for the "Zero Thirst" Programme that is Water Resources Management (IWRM) has still being developed. The "Zero Thirst" aims to been validated from around the world. While ensure that each Brazilian will have access to ade- initiatives in gender mainstreaming are in quate and quality water supply. The Programme progress at different levels, there are still aims to integrate governmental action on this major challenges ahead to empower women subject and to call for participation of civil society. for sustainable development. Government of The Netherlands Participatory processes are a first step in imple- The government of The Netherlands has made a menting a gender-sensitive approach. However, commitment to include women's water actions in there is a need for a closer examination of partici- their integrated water resources management pation based on race, ethnicity, economic status, activities. age, and religion to ensure inclusiveness. Government of Sri Lanka Gender mainstreaming is about both men and Establishment of a new unit in the Ministry of women. Nevertheless, women-specific activities Irrigation & Water Management for mainstreaming that promote women's participation are critical, gender. due to the historical disadvantage faced by women. Efforts also need to focus on keeping UN DESA — United Nations Department of men engaged in gender-sensitive initiatives. Economic and Social Affairs UNDESA will incorporate a proposal on the second Fragmentation characterizes the water sector. To series of the Gender and Water Development ensure equity, efficiency and sustainability, a Reports by the Gender and Water Alliance as part gender perspective is essential for integrated of the International Year of Freshwater 2003. water resources management. UNDESA will incorporate gender into strategies for implementing the Millennium Development Actions Goals in water supply and sanitation, and be part Gender-sensitive participatory processes at the of a new task force on Water and Gender within community level with the involvement of women's the Interagency Network on gender issues. groups and NGOs, have provided effective interven- tions for communities who are poor and are not United Nations Development Programme being serviced by governments. These interventions UNDP will be continuously updating the UNDP have been supported by institutions at various levels. Resource Guide on Mainstreaming Gender into However, there is recognition of the need for gender- Water Management, in collaboration with the training and awareness raising with all staff within Gender and Water Alliance. UNDP will establish these institutions to better mainstream gender. — specific targets for increased participation of While there are only a few gender inclusive policies women in CAPNET programmes and in water, it is widely recognized that gender-sensitive emphasis on gender perspective in learning polices are a more effective way to mediate conflicts materials and programmes of CAPNET par- in water issues. These policies are being successfully ticipating institutions; pursued in some countries. — special focus on support to strengthening of women's groups within the activities of the Global networks of organizations working in partner- community water initiative; and ship to place the water-gender-poverty-sustainable — highlight gender perspective in the strategy development nexus into practice have built global and work of the MDG water task force. synergy for the inclusion of gender as a cross-cutting issue in integrated water resources management.

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Building Partnerships for Development Representation of women in the water sector The BPD plans to work together with the Gender should not only be based on the needs of equity, and Water Alliance to develop a gender audit tool integration and sustainability, but simply be justified to be used specifically for analysing partnership by the fact that women are half the world's popula- situations. The audit tool will be tested initially in tion. Thus, women should be at least 50% of all three-four partnership projects before being bodies. This representation consists of two levels. made available more generally. One, at the institutional level; and secondly, at the civil society level where women voices should be Asian Development Bank given due respect and consideration.

This partnership will be a mechanism for regular Local governments, utilities, and public sector dialogue and collaboration between the ADB and unions should make a commitment to poor the Gender and Water Alliance on mainstreaming women by developing projects for the implemen- gender into water resources and management tation of ecologically sustainable, equitable, and policies, strategies and programmes, including affordable water and sanitation services. Women Appendix that of disaster and flood management pro- themselves should define the priorities and be grammes. This partnership will be a collaboration partners in implementation. on gender capacity building; developing good practices and facilitating country and regional A gender analysis and gender-sensitive indicators dialogue. must be integrated in the implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Women for Water Initiative (WSSD) targets and the Millennium Development The Netherlands Council of Women, the Business Goals (MDGs). and Professional Women International, Women in Europe for a Common Future and NetWwater are Locally appropriate, affordable, and sustainable committed to building an International Women technology taking into account a gender and for Water Initiative. This Initiative will bring environmentally sensitive approach is needed to together existing women's coalitions for greater realize the targets established for the WSSD and synergies to mainstream gender in integrated the MDGs. water resources management. Strategies designed to respond and mitigate the Recommendations impacts of climate change must take into consid- Governments must recognize and enshrine water eration differences based on gender, age, race, as a human right that entitles everyone to safe, ethnicity, and economic status. sufficient, affordable and physically accessible water for personal and domestic use. Greater follow-up action is needed to sustain the positive impacts of gender mainstreaming for Gender Responsive Budget Initiatives (GRBIs) both women and men. Qualitative indicators are should be introduced in the water sector, as these required to monitor the process and the impacts. will enable governments, donors, multi-lateral agencies and civil society organizations to be accountable to their commitments to gender equity, poverty eradication, sustainable development and rights-based governance.

An Inter-Ministerial Dialogue on Gender should be established. Such a Dialogue should be incor- porated into the existing ministerial networks. This should be supported by regular contact between the public sector and civil society in order to have an on-going exchange on the progress made on the gender agenda in the context of integrated water resources management.

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Science, Technology and Management Panel Statement Appendix

Key Messages from Water Professionals 3. Sustainable Water in Dry Regions of the World We face three difficult challenges that require There are viable solutions through significant immediate attention: improvements in efficiency — related to both the first use and the reuse of water. Significant (30-50%) — to provide 20 to 35% of the world's popula- reductions in the combined use of agricultural, tion with access to water and sanitation; community and industrial water are viable and — shortages of sustainable water supplies, in cost-effective — water budgets are key elements. some regions within two decades; — increased, unmitigated flooding and associ- 4. Flood-Prone Regions of the World ated economic devastation. The natural river function of retaining and storing water during floods in wide floodplains must be There are viable solutions. Our scarce water restored, while economic functions for shipping, resources are often managed wastefully. More irrigation, drinking water supply must be safe- efficient solutions are viable, based on thorough guarded, in part through sufficient storage. This understanding and innovation provided by sci- requires a deep understanding of these functions ence, technology and management. We need to and a commitment to an integrated approach at commit to a blue revolution! basin-level in information gathering, modeling and decision making. We can't manage what we don't understand. The traditional technocratic approach of dikes, con- Water professional represented by International crete and steel has failed. A new balance between Water Associations are committed to face the natural, economic and social functions is needed. challenges. They have a lot of knowledge and will This requires a deep understanding of these func- commit themselves to sharing this knowledge tions and calls for an integrated approach in between members — in particular between information gathering, modeling and decision members from developed and developing coun- making. tries and regions — and to putting 'best practices' into practice through partnerships and the joint These solutions are not global but local. Real execution of real-life, concrete projects. solutions are going to be found at the local level and basin level — all with the meaningful engagement of national governments.

A practical framework for action must focus on four priority areas:

1. Access to Water and Sanitation Through Engagement at the Community Level We must commit to a process for systematically developing local action agendas for all target communities in priority countries and to a process for prioritizing and fast-tracking aid funding consis- tent with these local agendas (Figure Attached).

2. Ecological and Economical Methods of Sanitation The waterborne model of Northern Europe can not be a model for most of the developing world — there is simply not enough water or money. Systems approaches for towns and cities based on knowledge and technology need to be developed, demonstrated and promoted on a broad-based scale.

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Union Panel Statement

Preamble currently dedicate only two percent of national Given the events taking place internationally dur- budgets to water services. Only six percent ing this Forum, we wish to declare that war is the of Official Development Assistance is directed ultimate environmental disaster and will devas- to water. Both must increase dramatically and tate water supply and resources. No one has the must prioritise services to the poor. People right to deprive human beings of their right to must mobilise to increase the pressure on water, the source of all life, by waging war. their governments and to create international solidarity to advance water issues. In Japan, in order to defend the principles enunci- — Water is a public good. Properly resourced ated below, we will make every effort to ensure systems and institutions must be established the enactment of the Basic Water Law. and mandated through legislation that ensure extensive civil society and labour Appendix Priority Issues involvement in the design, planning, provision — Access to water and sanitation are basic and monitoring of water and sanitation human rights. Everyone should have secure services. Capacity-building and education access to sufficient safe water and sanitation programmes must accompany all of these to meet their basic human needs, including processes. All water services information water for productive use to sustain livelihoods. must fall within the public domain. Public- Access is a key component of any effective public partnerships, both at national and strategy for alleviating poverty, enabling international levels, must be improved and women to have their equal role in society, and supported by governments. enabling young girls to attend school. It is also — We recognise that in many countries the essential that governments integrate water struggle against oppression and the struggle issues with issues such as health, forestry, for access to water often go hand-in-hand. agriculture, local food security and sound Water must not be used as a tool for ecosystem management. The empowerment oppression. Nations should have sovereignty of women, youth, indigenous peoples, margin- over their own land, and over the water alized communities, etc. must be a key focus. under that land, and they should have a right — Water is a social and ecological necessity to manage it, subject to international law. and as such must be held in the public — Water catchment boundaries and political domain, and adequate clean water must be boundaries do not always coincide, necessitat- ensured to maintain healthy ecosystems. ing regional co-operation for transboundary The economic costs associated with delivery issues. Political boundaries should not hinder should not limit people's right to water and access to water. Sustainable water manage- sanitation. Mechanisms such as cross-subsidis- ment is not compatible with oppression. ation, free lifeline services and the rising block — We respect the integrity of ecosystems as the tariff should be used to ensure access. basis for all life — both human and natural. — We reject the commodification and privatisa- Surface water ecosystems and groundwater tion, in all its forms, of water services and resources must be re-established and sanitation, and water resources. As a public maintained, and pollution must be prevented. good, water and sanitation must remain in We recognise that dams and badly managed the public sector and all governments must irrigation schemes often have a negative commit to public sector delivery of water impact on communities and ecosystems. services. It is necessary to integrate water There should be a prioritization of small-scale management, with natural water basins as sustainable approaches to water and energy the basic administrative unit. This requires a planning and management, such as rainwater comprehensive law which secures consistent harvesting and de-salinisation, above and effective policy and guarantees citizen large-scale infrastructure development. participation in water-related decision-making. Governments, bilateral donors and Interna- That commitment includes ensuring adequate tional Financial Institutions should implement financial resources are made available, and and incorporate the World Commission of adequate local capacity is built. Governments Dams recommendation into all activities. 86 Input from the Forum to the Ministerial Conference B

— We also call on other global, regional and bilateral trade negotiations to protect the Appendix Right to Water and to cease attempts to commodify and extend corporate control over water. We therefore call for water and water services to be kept out of GATS and the WTO, and for multi-lateral environmental agreements to have precedence over global and regional trade agreements. — We believe that environmental considerations and human rights are inextricably intertwined and that by taking care of the environment we safeguard our physical, cultural and spiritual needs for our children of tomorrow and the earth that they will live on.

Key Recommendations — All nation states should recognize water and sanitation as basic human right. — We must all respect the integrity of ecosystems as the basis for all life — both human and natural — and adequate clean water must be ensured to maintain healthy ecosystems. — Water and sanitation must remain in the public sector and all governments must commit to public sector delivery of water services. This includes ensuring adequate financial resources are made available, and adequate local capacity is built. — Cost recovery should not be a barrier to poor people's access to water, and mechanisms such as cross-subsidisation, free lifeline services and the rising block tariff should be used to ensure this access. — Governments should prioritise water for rural and sustainable livelihoods — International law should ensure that water is not used as a vehicle for oppression and should promote regional co-operation. — Governments, bilateral donors and Interna- tional Financial Institutions should implement and incorporate the World Commission of Dams recommendation into all activities. — Water and water services must be kept out of GATS and the WTO. — Governments must ensure public participation in all aspects of water management and decision-making, particularly the participation of women, indigenous peoples and youth.

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Water Development Partners Panel Statement

Background The role of the private sector and the importance Water and poverty has been a central theme at the of public-private partnerships was discussed and 3rd World Water Forum. The Water Development a range of opinions expressed. Overall, the need Partners Panel involved the partners who play a for private sector involvement was emphasized, key role in funding projects and initiatives as well as particularly to mobilise new funding sources, and Forum participants in general. The session modality in realizing the Millennium Development Goals. was for panelists to respond directly to questions The potential of private capital within developing asked by host-coordinator Coco Quisumbing and by countries was recognized as a resource that has discussants and the audience. Some questions were not been adequately tapped. The need for proper already submitted in advance of the session through regulatory regimes was also stressed. A case was the website of the Asian Development Bank made for targeted pro-poor subsidies and for the (http://www.adb.org/water), which served as need of appropriate tariff structures, not exceeding Appendix secretariat for the panel session, and these questions an appropriate percentage of household income. were relayed by the host-coordinator. The Panelists clarified their agencies' roles in addressing the The panel agreed that in most cases poor people challenges of reducing poverty through water- were both willing and able to pay for good quality related projects and initiatives. This report summa- water services, although not always at full cost. rizes the main points emerging from the panel Paying for investments in infrastructure is more session, highlighting the main issues that emerged problematic and often needs external support. from the wide-ranging and dynamic discussion. The ability to pay and the sustainability of invest- ments is often enhanced where the water needs The views expressed in this report do not necessarily of small-scale livelihoods activities are included reflect the views of the panelists and their agencies. in water service provision.

Summary of Discussion The need for major increases in investments in The session confirmed the importance of improving large-scale water infrastructure was highlighted the contribution of water management to poverty by some. The panelists indicated their willingness reduction. Water was seen as central to the lives to support such investments provided that alter- and livelihoods of poor people and the attain- natives had been considered and appropriate ment of overall development aspirations. social and environmental safeguards were in place. Some panelists indicated that their agencies' Many agencies have changed their policies to policies were evolving and that they would give place greater emphasis on stakeholder participa- greater consideration to financing major water tion and integrated approaches. infrastructure in the future.

The need for accelerated and more flexible proce- Several questions addressed the source and dures was also stressed, while maintaining the arrangements for water sector financing. The quality of project preparation and accountability. need to safeguard water investments against macro-economic uncertainties was also stressed. Developing countries need to take primary respon- Possibilities such as a devaluation liquidity back- sibility for establishing good water governance and stopping facility were discussed, and agencies water management plans, and need to ensure that are exploring opportunities for innovative water is integrated into national poverty reduction arrangements. The potential of initiatives such as strategies. Good governance is essential to provide the African Water Facility were seen as deserving sustainable solutions to the water needs of poor strong support, although it was noted that the people in developing countries. preparation of proposals for financing should be pursued. Capacity development has become a focus of water policies, and the need for much more The importance of providing support to small- action in this area was recognized. Particular scale local investments, either by local authorities, emphasis was placed on building capacities in communities, or NGOs, was stressed. Regulations local government agencies and local communities. of multilateral financing agencies do not allow

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lending to local governments, and the need for greater flexibility was discussed. Mechanisms Appendix should be explored by which more direct support to local levels can be provided.

The need for financial disbursement schedules to take into account the necessary time for stakeholder participation and capacity building was stressed, with greater flexibility in procedures and project design needed.

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Water Journalist Panel Statement

Issues Actions A key ingredient of effective water management To strengthen the ability of the media to cover is an informed public and a transparent and water issues, governments and major international democratic decision-making system. institutions should commit themselves to:

To reduce poverty there must be access to — Introducing freedom of information (FOI) information and improved quality of information legislation / codes of conduct guaranteeing from beginning to end of the deliberative process. access to all the sources of information People with more information are empowered to drawn on by policy makers and to plans make better choices. Officials must therefore be early and all the way through the deliberative empowered to make it less difficult for journalists process, after full consultation with users, to access information about water issues, to create particularly journalistic organisations. Such Appendix the conditions where the disenfranchised can FOI legislation / codes of conduct should be exercise meaningful choices about the economic administered with an appeals' system inde- and political challenges our societies are facing in pendent of government; dealing with water. — Building the capacity of their information centres to make sure that information is That means moving from political cultures in accessible, informative, and easy to access; which secrecy prevails as the norm to ones in which — Assisting journalists' work by organising freedom of information is the rule, guaranteed by global, regional, national and local training law. It means moving away from cultures in workshops, seminars, study tours, press which criticism and exposing the policy-making briefings and press conferences involving a process to public scrutiny are viewed as inherently broad range of opinion from civil society subversive, instead of the necessary lubricants of and stakeholders. good governance.

Corruption and incompetence thrive behind closed doors. Journalists who understand the full scope of policy implications are crucial as they provide an important forum for debate among policy-makers, NGOs, and the public at large and are in important check on the powerful. But many journalists face both legal and informal pressures, which inhibit the reporting of complex environ- mental, institutional and social issues, of us fulfilling our role of informing the public.

This access to information must be met by a commitment from journalists to objectivity and a determination to get the facts right.

This forum reflects a converse problem that exists for journalists that there is sometimes too much, disparate information. It is our job to synthesise, but the water debate and our commu- nication of it would be improved if it were grounded in "a planetary view". The primary thing that makes Earth different from the other planets is its water. So how do we keep the balance in terms of different people and different species? This view needs to launch and frame any fresh initiative or debate. 90 Input from the Forum to the Ministerial Conference B

Youth World Water Forum Statement Appendix

YOUNG PEOPLE'S DECLARATION* stakeholders. The right should be interpreted to mean that every person should have access to Introduction sufficient safe water and sanitation to meet their We are SHOCKED at the slow, in fact almost basic human needs including water for productive stagnant, progress that has been made in the use to sustain livelihoods. Coupled with the right resolution of water issues over the past two to access to water, the corresponding duty to utilize decades. it responsibly should be placed on every person.

Young people have a role to play in the resolution From today, government, in the development of water issues, as we are less likely to be inhibited and/or amendment of legal and policy frameworks, by stereotypical notions or perceptions. We have must consult young people. an ability to create fresh, innovative ideas and the capability to implement them. It is essential that governments integrate water issues with issues including health, forestry, We believe that with your willingness, commitment agriculture, local food security and sound ecosystem and support in collaboration with young people management. In addition the empowerment of and the rest of civil society, we can address the young people, women, indigenous people and issues and speed up the implementation of real other marginalized communities must be a key solutions. focus.

Background Governance and Civil Society Whilst the Declaration is not informed by young The establishment and/or proper implementation people from every single country in the world, it of transparent and accountable public participatory is informed by a broad spectrum of young people processes, at a legal policy and regulatory level from developing and developed countries, includ- are key to the success of the resolution of water ing the participants of the Youth World Water issues. Forum held at the 3rd World Water Forum. Properly resourced systems must also be Water and Culture established that institutionalize civil society in With modernization, daily water practices have the planning, provisioning and monitoring of developed together with an increased lack of water services. Capacity-building and education appreciation for scarce resources. Culture can programs must accompany all of these processes teach us how to adapt our lifestyle more appropri- in order to ensure understanding and effective ately, to secure resources for future generations. participation of civil society in matters that impact Young people, with the relevant knowledge and significantly on their lives. In addition, all water awareness of the different traditional (gained services information must fall within the public through communication with the older generation) domain. and modern uses and practices of water, have the opportunity to implement correct water usage Young people have the potential to give effect to practices and thereby teach others, by example. such a public participatory model by: Cross-cultural exchange within shared river basins will also lead to effective and efficient — Interacting and educating the local commu- management thereof. In addition legal frameworks nity, thereby empowering them to partici- should take cognizance of and incorporate cultural pate and contribute to the policymaking practices. process; — Acting as a bridge between the local com- Water as a Human Right munity and decision-makers and/or water Young people resolve to actively ensure the service providers; proper implementation of the passing of the — Assisting local government with research United Nations Declaration Resolution, which and the implementation of action plans to provides that every person shall have a right of benefit the local community access to water, by interacting with relevant 91 91 B Input from the Forum to the Ministerial Conference

Public and Private Sector as Water learn solutions to, for example, reduce contami- Administrators nation of water resources in the rural and urban Water is a public good. Water cannot be sold for areas and, implement them effectively. profit, industries should not benefit from the poor. International financial institutions should We believe that environmental considerations promote local water cooperatives and should not and human rights are inextricably intertwined make private sector involvement a pre-condition and that willingness, ethics, honesty, trust and for funding. Water service providers must be morals are crucial to ensure long term sustainable regulated in order to ensure fair pricing. An development. appropriate regulatory framework should be * The Young Water Action Team (YWAT) and Youth Water Japan (YWJ have drafted this Declaration on behalf of young created to give effect to this. We recommend the people from around the world. For more information, visit establishment of an independent regulator in the www.ywat.org or www.youthwater.jp. water sector that will determine price ceilings and create regulations imposing operational conditions

Appendix on the water sector. The independent regulator should be constituted of representatives from all sectors that have a role to play in the resolution of water issues including experts, representatives of civil society and young people. Furthermore, appropriate water pricing structures should be establishing ensuring the right of all people to have equitable access to the provision of water services. All costs and other requirements should be quantified and accounted for but should not be a barrier to equitable access. There are a variety of ways, to ensure access, including cross-subsidization and cross-budgeting. Water services should have transparent accounting systems and all allocations for expenditures within the structure, should be publicly accounted for.

Sustainable Development Education on sustainable development, water- related issues and their importance must be integrated into elementary and secondary school curriculums as of a way of reaching and informing young people, at an early stage.

The implementers of policy and water management services must ensure that the weaker members of local communities have an equal opportunity to present their ideas and, that they are not excluded as a result of power relationships.

In addition to the development of new, practicable technological solutions to improve the efficiency of water services and the sustainability thereof we recommend the revival and/or incorporation of traditional community specific water management systems, into existing practices.

Investments should be made into tertiary level education systems for the development of new technology, thereby enabling young people to 92 Input from the Forum to the Ministerial Conference B

Dams and Sustainable Development Statement Appendix

Key Issues Projects based on sound economic, social and Dams are an important element in water environmental principles and in accordance resources development. There are 45,000 large with national laws, regulations and policies dams worldwide serving humanity by providing should be supported and the responsible water for domestic, industrial and agricultural Government agencies encouraged to review use, generating electricity and attenuating floods. policies and procedures to incorporate the above At the same time, dams have been contested due to recommendations. adverse social and environmental impacts and cases of under-performance. Many developed countries have built most of the dams they will build. For these countries the challenge is operation in a way to meet changing societal conditions and priorities.

Where needs for water, electricity, food and flood attenuation increase, all options should be considered. These include new dams, making existing projects more productive and other policy management and technical options.

Recommendations A framework for planning and implementation based on values of equity, efficiency, participatory decision-making, sustainability and accountability has found general acceptance. To meet development needs and avoid the costs, risks and delays of the past, appropriate practice on water and energy policy and the planning, construction and operation of infrastructure should be adopted to:

— consider all options including all benefits and impacts; — introduce participatory processes that influence decision-making by recognising the rights of all stakeholders including beneficiaries and affected communities; — find solutions that benefit all stakeholders so that those adversely affected are the first among beneficiaries; — recognise the value of ecosystems and the contribution that they make to livelihoods, focusing on avoidance of impacts where possible and mitigation; — capitalize on the potential to increase pro- ductivity and reduce the impacts of existing systems; — provide incentives and effective national legis- lation to ensure that policies and procedures are implemented; — work together across administrative boundaries for cooperative integrated water resources management.

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Public Private Partnerships Statement (World Water Council)

To serve billions of people every day, to keep These issues have been debated during the 3rd pace with population growth and to close the World Water Forum under the theme of Public very significant gap in access to water and sanita- Private Partnerships co-coordinated by the World tion that exists for the poor, we believe that a vari- Water Council and the Council of Canadians. This ety of management and technological solutions has been the start of a dialogue. The World Water are essential. We need to imagine new frame- Council proposes that this be continued to arrive works and daring methods that will ensure that at consensus on how to provide services for the everybody's right to water is satisfied. This benefit of all human kind. includes the full range of options from community- based systems, through municipality operated utilities to ''corporatised'' publics and publicly owned utilities that are operated by private service

Appendix providers.

We will agree on the most important principles:

— Water resources are a common good to be controlled by governments on behalf of their citizens; — Access to water is a Human Right; — Governments have the responsibility and should be accountable for providing access to drinking water and to sanitation to all of their citizens.

We have learned over the years that sustainable access to water is best provided when there is:

— A national water policy supported by political will, facilitating legislation, and water sector development plans and budgets. — Effective, efficient and technically competent service providers. — A competent regulatory agency matched to the service model in use. — Transparency at all levels that facilitates accountability and discourages corruption. — Planning and service provision at the lowest level of society where it can be carried out effectively (subsidiarity). — Recovery of costs of providing services from those who use them, with sharing of the burden through solidarity mechanisms to ensure that all can afford access. — Continuous involvement of all stakeholders in planning and management of service provision.

Communities should be free to make informed choices among the range of service provision options available to them. Governments should facilitate the making of these decisions and their implementation. 94 Input from the Forum to the Ministerial Conference B

Public Private Partnerships Statement (The Council of Canadians) Appendix The Public Private Partnership (PPP) thematic where they seek lower environmental standards. session of the 3rd World Water Forum has ended PPPs are an important step toward the commodi- with no common statement by the co-conveners, fication and cartelization of the world's water in the Council of Canadians and the World Water the hands of a small elite who will determine the Council. The Council of Canadians and our civil future in its own interest. In such a scenario, society allies believe that while there may be a water will go to those who can afford it and not to collective understanding of the problem, we those who need it or to other species. The result fundamentally disagree with those who advocate will be ecological devastation and the death of privatization as the solution. millions, perhaps billions, of people.

On one side are the large water corporations, the The global civil society delegation demands that World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the governments act to ensure citizens can exercise World Trade Organization, the World Water Council their universal right to water and that there be and some powerful First World governments. universal exemptions for water from all trade They are promoting PPPs, whereby governments agreements. Until then we commit to continuing to and international financial institutions, using challenge and fight privatization and commodifi- public monies, fund the delivery of water by private cation of water everywhere. companies on a for-profit, full cost-recovery basis.

On the other side is a growing civil society movement backed by human rights and anti-poverty activists, environmentalists, public sector workers and their unions, indigenous peoples, family farmers, small fishers, anti-dam groups and threatened communities, who are opposed to the commodification of water and to the model of PPPs for the delivery of water services.

PPPs are necessary for the corporate control of water. Private companies are guaranteed a profit from public funds even when their practices are corrupt and quality deteriorates. Even where corruption is non-existent and quality is maintained, PPPs are the wrong model because public funds line the pockets of private investors rather than reclaim fouled waters, build infrastructure or guarantee water for all.

The commodification of water is wrong — ethically, environmentally and socially. It ensures decisions center on commercial, not environmental or social, considerations. The principles become those of scarcity and profit maximization rather than conservation or long-term sustainability. Increased profits become dependent on increased consump- tion rather than conservation. This exacerbates rather than alleviates the problem.

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Ministers' Meeting on "Water, Food and Agriculture" Statement

We, Ministers responsible for water for food and BASIC RECOGNITION agriculture and the representatives of international 4. We recall that in the latter half of the 20th organizations assembled at the Ministerial Meeting century, significant public and private invest- on Water for Food and Agriculture in Otsu, Shiga ment in agriculture water development has Prefecture, Japan on 21 March 2003, at the invitation resulted in much needed productivity gains of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and has narrowed food security gaps and of Japan and the Food and Agriculture Organization has contributed to poverty alleviation. of the United Nations. 5. We recognize that agricultural production We assert herein our common recognition to and its water uses are influenced by agro- implement the recommendations adopted at the climatic zones that have resulted in a diverse World Food Summit in Rome, the declaration of array of agricultural practice and agricultural

Appendix the First World Water Forum in Morocco, and the economy in the world. ministerial declaration of the Second World Water 6. We recognize that agricultural water is not Forum in The Hague, and the World Summit on only vital for food production, but also provides Sustainable Development in Johannesburg. a broad spectrum of services related to society, culture and the environment. It is instrumental We recognize that water is essential for broad-based in improving economic and social benefits agricultural and rural development in order to to vulnerable people, particularly women meet the Millennium Development Goals to and children. These multiple roles and values improve food security and poverty alleviation. of agricultural water must be recognized, evaluated and taken into account for the devel- THREE CHALLENGES opment and management of water resources.

(Food security and poverty alleviation) 7. We recognize that the development and man- 1. To improve the development and management agement of agricultural water resources needs of water for agriculture to meet the growing to take into account a variety of other uses, and changing demand for food, alleviate including water supply for urban and rural poverty and sustain economic growth. communities, industry, hydroelectric power generation, navigation, recreation, tourism (Sustainable water use) and fisheries, and conserving ecosystems. 2. To balance the use and development of 8. We note that in some regions agricultural water with the available water resources; to water demand and use exceed the long term preserve water quality in order to achieve rates of resource replenishment and may sustainable patterns of water use through require the development of alternative water integrated approaches linking water manage- sources, while looking for innovative means ment with the conservation and sustenance and appropriate actions to achieve sustainable of ecosystems; and to maintain the integrity water resource management. In other regions, of land and water systems upon which water resource availability offers scope for agricultural production depends. further development.

(Partnership) 9. We emphasize that achieving the objectives 3. To enhance the cooperation and partnership of food security and poverty alleviation for of all stakeholders in all aspects of agricultural an increasing world population will require water use, development and management; to the mobilization of all sources of financing increase access to water resources; to improve and increased investment in water-related the productivity of rainfed and irrigated infrastructure, research and development in farming systems; and to equitably share order to sustain productivity gains and create benefits and risks. new opportunities for the sustainable develop- ment and integrated management of water resources.

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PLAN OF CONCRETE ACTIONS

10. We continue to pursue efforts to develop Appendix water resources in a sustainable manner while improving the operation, maintenance and rehabilitation of irrigation schemes.

11. We reaffirm our determination and commitment for progressive modernization and improvement of agricultural water use effecting transition of emphasis from supply- to demand-driven agricultural water management.

12. We are determined to increase substantially agricultural water productivity through participatory approaches, appropriate regulations and cost-recovery mechanisms, development and dissemination of research findings, capacity-building and institutional reforms, which are adapted to local climatic, environmental and socio-economic conditions.

13. We will promote improved governance of agricultural water use through integrated water resources management including non-agricultural water use. This process should be efficient and equitable. It would involve the active participation of all user groups, including women and the poor in local water resource settings.

14. We will give due consideration to the environ- mental aspects in respect of agricultural water use, and seek to maintain productive eco- systems through progressive and innovative approaches to sustainable use of water. An important tool in this process would be environmental impact assessment.

15. We will undertake research and develop- ment, including traditional knowledge, to improve the management and availability of limited water resources in water-scarce areas, through improved crops and development of new and non-conventional sources of water for agriculture.

16. We will continue to make efforts to foster inter- national cooperation and partnerships between and among developed and developing countries, through financial and technical assistance and knowledge exchanges, and to encourage private sector involvement in agri- cultural water development and management.

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Water and Parliamentarians Statement

Key Issues "Water Declaration" What proposals and actions can the members of We have discussed issues concerning water and GLOBE (Global Legislators Organization for a Bal- water resources in a program entitled "Water and anced Environment) take in order to increase rec- Parliamentarians" at the 3rd World Water Forum. ognition of the importance of water resources? We have reaffirmed that we share the following knowledge. Actions There are two specific actions that should be — Water is essential for us to maintain our taken in this regard. The first one is to ratify the lives as well as socio-economic activities United Nations treaty on international water- such as agriculture and industry. The quantity courses which was adopted in 1997. The second of usable water is very limited. As a conse- one is to adopt the future "United Nations Water quence of us humans contaminating water, Appendix Charter" to reaffirm the importance of water the quality of water is in crisis. resources and to secure its sustainability. — Geographically, usable water is unevenly distributed, and thus this water has become Commitments one of the major causes of friction and conflict Since 1989, GLOBE has been playing an active within and outside countries. As called for role in finding solutions for environmental problems. by the 1997 United Nations treaty on inter- GLOBE now has more than one thousand members national waters, shared views and actions from Asia, Latin America, Africa, Europe and among all the countries including both upper North America, who are committed to working and lower basin countries in the management closely to solve problems concerning water. The of the water of international rivers, lakes and legislators are among the most important and aquifers are necessary. For this purpose, responsible actors who are in a position to solve governments, international organizations, such problems and who also work directly with NGOs, civil society, the private sector and all governments towards that end. concerned parties need to solve water prob- lems and protect water, which is a part of the Recommendations environment. In addition to respective govern- The legislators should help governments recognize ments, international organizations especially the importance of having water and stable water play an important role in this regard. resources, of establishing a social system of its — We, the legislators, are among the most fair distribution, and of establishing environments important and responsible actors who are in where people can access safe water within a position to solve water problems and who respective countries. also work directly with governments towards that end. The legislators should propose to our respective governments that they promote dialogue with Based on the above recognitions, we firmly other basin countries and establish a mechanism declare and pledge to enact the following swiftly for solving the problem of cross-border water to secure limited water resources for us in the resources by utilizing international organizations, future: integrated water resources management systems, and other means. — To help our respective governments recognize the importance of having water and stable The above actions and recommendations are fully water resources, of taking appropriate mea- described in the attached "Water Declaration" which sures towards that goal together with our was adopted unanimously at the Special Program citizens, of establishing a social system of its entitled "Water and Parliamentarians." fair distribution, and of establishing environ- ments where people can access safe water within our respective countries, while main- taining links between the central and local governments;

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— To propose to our respective governments that they enhance scientific knowledge, and Appendix promote dialogue based on the shared knowledge with other basin countries and establish a mechanism for solving the problem of cross-border water resources by utilizing international organizations, integrated water resources management systems, and other means; and — To propose to our respective governments, which shall work with the United Nations to draft a future "United Nations Water Charter" based on the spirit of this "Water Declaration," to reaffirm the importance of water resources and to secure its sustainability; and to work with our respective governments to adopt the "United Nations Water Charter" to be presented to the United Nations.

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Water, Life and Medical Care Statement

Key Issues global environment and endeavor to utilize The human body of an adult male is composed of water and other health resources efficiently about 70 percent water, which serves as an agent based on environmental considerations that for all its physiological activities, and the aim of include the prevention of wastewater pollu- health care is to maintain the health of that human tion produced by hospitals. Sustainable body. Water is a finite resource and securing safe environmental conservation reforms aimed water is an essential element to health care. In the at achieving health care that is kind to the 21st century where water shortages and pollution environment should be targeted. remain conspicuous problems, it is important that — Preventive countermeasures should be health care personnel reexamine the importance implemented against potential diseases that of water related issues. Water is an asset that is stem from ecological changes due to global shared by humanity and the earth. Thus, water warming, lowered water retention by the Appendix related issues should not be addressed solely by earth's surface, climatic and natural environ- individual countries, but by the global community mental changes caused by lowered sewage as a whole. disposal capabilities, and transitions in the water environment and their impact on Actions human health and health care. Following specific issues to action where physi- cians, medical associations, and health care insti- tutions should consider.

— Water Shortage & Medical Care — Disasters & Medical Care — Polluted Ecosystem and Water Quality & Medical Care — Climatic Fluctuations & Medical Care

Recommendations — The development of infrastructure that provides safe water contributes greatly to maintaining the health of the population in the development of a nation. Therefore, curtailing infectious diseases and other ailments that are caused by unsafe water, which in turn, alleviates the burden of health care costs and improves productivity creates a ripple effect on national finances. The government of each country should be informed of this fact. — Preventive countermeasures to secure safe water for health care institutions after the occurrence of natural disasters, especially earthquakes, should be adopted. Such countermeasures include developing infra- structure and conducting training activities to help health care institutions to cope with such crises and to implement continuous emergency water supply activities in coor- dination with regional governments and self-help efforts. — Health institutions, particularly hospitals, should be concerned about the deteriorating 100 Input from the Forum to the Ministerial Conference B

World Water Actions Statement Appendix

Key Issues At least two of the 13 recommendations made by Thousands of innovative water projects are being the author team triggered reactions by the World undertaken around the world, since the Second Water Council Board of Governors, which World Water Forum. Some of them are the follow- endorsed corresponding commitments: up of specific commitments made in this Second Forum, but most are just the expression of the RECOMMENDATION 13: water community willingness to address the "International Institutions to establish a global issues facing world water. monitoring system covering the state of water resources, activities in the water sector, and Water people may be stimulated to learn how progress towards the Millennium Development other people faced with similar issues are tackling Goals": World Water Council is to participate to an the problems; they may also be interested to get effort to link global monitoring, with cooperation in touch and exchange with their colleagues on envisioned with the UN system and all interested these issues. NGOs, as a follow-up of the current Water Action Unit work. The suggestions made by participants, Participants from some organizations expressed mainly for indicator setting, will be considered. their views that main issues are dam construction and private sector involvement. RECOMMENDATION 5: "International institutions to deepen understanding Actions and expand public awareness of the benefits of Both to monitor the commitments made during water and improved water management ": the Second World Water Forum, and more gener- World Water Council is to launch a study to quantify ally to stimulate for further actions by disseminat- the benefits of water and sound water management. ing information on the current actions, the World Water Council initiated the bold undertaking of Finally Saudi Arabia committed itself to launch reporting on all water actions throughout the the Prince Sultan Bin Abdul Aziz International world. The results have been presented in the Prize for Water, with 5 awards individually worth session in the form of an actions database $133,000 to be awarded in October 2004 (more available on a CD-ROM and at information on www.psipw.org). www.worldwatercouncil.org/search_actions.php, Recommendations and in the form of a report "World Water Actions". Out of this analysis the author team emitted 13 To allow for an efficient search and answer the recommendations that the World Water Council is preoccupations quoted above, the database has to push forward to the Ministerial Conference. been designed so as to allow for sorting, either by theme or/and by geographical area.

Commitments The World Water Council is committed to publish a post-Forum version that will incorporate as much as possible comments and results of dis- cussion during the Forum. In the session, main suggestions were to evaluate individual actions; to give a possibility to find the best practices and to recommend actions; to give hints on how replicable actions are, probably by doing research on prototype actions; to make proposal for a Water Index in the same spirit that the UNDP Development Index.

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World Water Assessment Programme Statement

Key Issues 4. Development within countries of institutions, The WWAP brings together all 23 agencies in the policies, legislation and financial instruments UN system having interests in freshwater. Its pri- to address water-related problems and to mary product is the triennial World Water Devel- track progress towards meeting goals is a opment Report (WWDR) the first edition of which primary action for the WWAP which provides is being launched at the 3rd World Water Forum. a suitable umbrella for bringing agencies WWDR provides a balanced and well-informed together. assessment of the state of the resource, defines critical problems and assesses the capacity of Recommendations and Commitments countries to cope with problems. WWAP will build on the partnerships already forged between UN agencies and governments. Actions In addition partnerships will be made with non- Appendix 1. Production of the WWDR: governmental and intergovernmental organizations Assessments within the WWDR are made the private sector, regional financial institutions and under the following challenge areas: academic organizations.

— Nature of the resource; WWAP will commit to: — Basic needs and the right to health; — Protecting ecosystems for people and — Produce a global report every 3 years with planet; supplementary regional and country reports. — Cities: competing needs in urban environ- An African Water Development Report will ments; be the first to be produced in late 2003. — Securing food for a growing world population; These reports will become 'living documents' — Promoting cleaner industry; on the Web; — Developing energy to meet development — Develop a web-based global data and needs; information world water portal; — Mitigating risk and coping with uncertainty; — Develop indicators for monitoring progress — Sharing water with emphasis on cooperation against targets on a global, regional and potential within transboundary waters; national basis; — Valuing water; — Develop national capacities to undertake — Ensuring the knowledge base: a collective country assessments. responsibility; — Governing water wisely for sustainable development.

The greatest management challenges are how to address all problems simultaneously (Integrated Water Resource Management) and how to make decisions in complex environments.

2. Development of indictors in order to monitor progress against targets and in order to compare the situations between countries and regions is of high importance on the WWAP agenda of actions.

3. Development of data-bases and information systems within a Global Water Portal on the web: of high importance for the dissemination and analysis of information.

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Day of Africa Statement Appendix

Key Issues In addition to these, the following specific initiatives Thus far, pervasive poverty and "development are being pursued: traps" have confined Africa to a vicious cycle of — Efforts to position water-related issues high underdevelopment, conflict, and suffering. Key on the development agenda by providing water issues in this scenario are: improved access economic justification for including water to water and sanitation; sufficient water for supply and sanitation as well as water productive purposes to address food security resources management into PRSPs, to facili- and energy generation; better use of groundwater tate. mobilising domestic and external and rain water harvesting for domestic and agri- resources to undertake investments in the cultural uses; integrated water resources man- sector. agement in national and shared water basins; — Strengthening existing River Basin Organi- balancing water development and ecosystem sations and promoting innovative shared water requirements; water-related disaster pre- water resources arrangements, such as the vention, mitigation and management; empower- Nile Basin and other such initiatives, as ment and capacity building focused on improving instruments for subregional cooperation and equity and gender sensitivity; pro-poor water economic development and a mechanism governance and water policies. However, there for conflict management. are major challenges for financing the interventions — Adoption of programmes targeted at vulner- required given the current world trade and economic able groups such as women, rural and urban context and the state of most African economies. poor and children that aim at efficient and Actions sustainable use of water resources to promote economic development, income generation Mindful of the principles underpinning the and food security. NEPAD development agenda, and aware of the — Efforts aimed at putting in place measures to willingness of its development and social part- ensure adequate environmental flows and to ners to contribute to Africa's developmental reduce and mitigate water-related disasters efforts, the following actions have been undertaken: (including studies on vulnerability and adap- tation strategies to minimise the impacts of — Formation of the Africa Ministerial Council climate variability and change). on Water (AMCOW) to give political leader- ship and coordinate various water initiatives Recommendations in Africa African governments should commit to, and call — The emergence of the Africa Water Task Force upon their Development Partners to support the (AWTF) at the technical level to coordinate above actions and ongoing initiatives, and to join and facilitate African participation at the them and their civil society and other stakeholders to: Johannesburg Earth Summit and the 3rd World Water Forum. — Prepare a common African regional strategy — Preparation of the NEPAD water programme for the management and development of based on the Africa Water Vision and Africa's water resources at national and Framework for Action that provides a founda- transboundary levels for the achievement of tion for addressing the challenges of meeting the MDGs/WSSD targets for water supply the MDGs in Africa. and sanitation. — Initiation of a process for the establishment — Prepare national IWRM and water efficiency of an Africa Water Facility to serve as a plans by 2005 (recognizing the importance conduit and facilitator for pooled funds for of freshwater/coastal zone interface), in capacity building and investment support in accordance with article 25 of the WSSD. Africa. — Promote appropriate institutions and support capacity building efforts to ensure the sustain- ability of investments in the water sector in general and in water supply and sanitation in particular.

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— Enhance awareness creation for the MDGs/ WSSD targets, prepare action plans with annual MDG targets, promote national and local level commitments, and provide ade- quate allocation of financial and human resources to ensure implementation. — Foster appropriate and effective partnerships between the public, communities, NGO's, civil society groupings and the private sector to tap human and capital resources to meet the MDG's and the WSSD targets. — Support the establishment of the African Water Facility and contribute to it (the expression of interest in this respect by some

Appendix Development Partners and the recognition by the Camdessus Panel of the facility is very welcome) — Contribute to Africa's economic emancipation through effective water development, particu- larly in the area of infrastuctural development.

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Day of Asia and Pacific Statement Appendix Key Issues Specific Recommendations and Commitments Water resources management will be an increas- For developing countries in the region: ingly challenging task in Asia and the Pacific — the world's largest region in terms of land area — High water stress countries should shift to and also human population — due to the growth higher-value, less water-intensive crops, and in both water demand and population. Even develop the associated agricultural industries though the region accounts for about 36 per cent to process more of the products, thus raising of global runoff, water scarcity compounded by the value-added component of the output. pollution is a key issue to be addressed for its — As per GWP report, the countries are urged sustainable future. From all available freshwater to give high priority to investment for waste- resources in the region, agriculture consumes 86 water treatment and reuse, implementing per cent, industry 8 per cent and households for pollution monitoring policies; domestic use only 6 per cent. Today, one in three — To develop educational and information Asians does not have access to a safe drinking infrastructure to improve local skills for water source within 200 meters of home. One in industrial transformation. two Asians does not have adequate sanitation — Creating low-polluting industries in the first facilities and 90% of people deprived of immediate place. access to water or sanitation live in rural areas. — Provision of safe drinking water to all rural Furthermore the region is constantly subjected to populations. drought, flooding and pollution. For developed countries in the region: Actions Participants recommended among others the — Demand management, pollution control and following solutions to be considered: water allocation policies designed to maximize the socio-economic value of water, are — Strengthening of transparency in water required. resource management, among others by — Water pricing policies should be considered active participation of the water users and seriously to avoid future abuse of water. decentralization to ensure equitable access — Wastewater treatment and reuse, together to water. with holistic restructuring of industrial/ — Focus on natural disasters as key concerns, domestic activities can create mechanisms and give priority for action in terms of for pollution control and minimizing the increased investments for flood and drought abuse of water. mitigation. — Development of water-related technologies — Develop more and effective cooperative matching the economic conditions in relationships in utilizing trans-boundary developing countries should be one of the water resources. most urgent policies to implement. — Promote institutional development, capacity — Instead of providing water at very low costs, building and public awareness. introduce a more effective regulating water market.

Asia is a vast continent of great diversity. Only integrated approaches, based on due consultative processes among all involved, interactive plan- ning and proper feedback mechanisms can give hope for constructive solutions. Close cooperation and a process of learning from each other by working together are imperative.

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Day of Europe Statement

Key Issues Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central In Europe, the key issues are the relatively high Asia on long-term strategic partnerships population density, significant industrial activity — Similar approaches are being developed and intensive agricultural production. Europe's with other regions, notably the Mediterra- water resources are therefore subject to considerable nean and Latin America. pressure. Europe also has a large number of — International scientific and technological transboundary rivers, which give rise to particular cooperation on water related issues is being challenges of management. Chronic water shortages broadened with developing countries and and water stress characterize many of the regions countries in transition in the context of the of southern Europe and these problems will be 6th Research Framework Programme (2002- aggravated in the future as a result of climate 2006). change. In recent years, the region has also suffered — The UNECE-Protocol on civil liability and Appendix increasingly frequent and widespread floods: a compensation for damage caused by the phenomenon, which may also be linked to climate transboundary effects of industrial accidents change. From the regulatory perspective, the on transboundary waters will be adopted in challenge for the future is to develop an integrated May 2003. approach, with the river basin being recognized as the basic unit of management. We need to Commitments develop appropriate mechanisms for involving In relation to local partnerships ( Commitments stakeholders and the general public in the decision made in the session convened by Women in making process. Local and grassroots initiatives Europe for a Common Future and Dutch can make a significant contribution towards the Women's Council) : achievement of environmental goals. Additional instruments to reduce pollution and to reinforce — 4 large grassroots women's networks based the polluter pays principle are necessary in the in Ukraine, Romania, Netherlands and Ger- context of transboundary river basins. many, 4 local authorities, 1 university and 3 water companies1 have committed to imple- With regard to water and development, Europe ment 4 replicable programmes to develop contributes a significant proportion of the global low-cost immediate solutions to polluted aid budget. The management and protection of drinking water in rural areas; water resources features prominently in assistance — 5 large women's networks2 will build on programmes both in developing countries and the Women for Water Initiative launched in transition economies. A major challenge is to Johannesburg to unite forces of existing ensure that actions and projects are coordinated women's organizations and networks for effectively among donors and between donors the implementation of gender sensitive and recipient countries. The effectiveness of the and pro-poor Integrated Water resource programmes should be strengthened and partner- Management (IRWM). ships should be developed to generate the necessary level of investment. Recommendations In relation to the EU Water Initiative (Recommen- Actions since the Second World Water dations from the sessions convened by the Greek Forum, The Hague Presidency of the European Union and the Euro- — The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) pean Commission and Incorporating the session entered into force end 2000. It will be imple- convened by the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs mented across the EU and in transboundary and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. river basins such as the Rhine and the Danube. — In 2002, the EU launched its water initiative — Finalize the design of the EUWI by the end of (EUWI) at the WSSD in Johannesburg. 2003. Move to delivery of projects in 2004 — Under the EUWI, the EU has reached two for- and beyond. mal, strategic agreements, one with African — Reinforce political commitment to action countries and the other with 12 countries from and raise the profile of water and sanitation with a view to poverty reduction; 106 Input from the Forum to the Ministerial Conference B

— Make effective use of existing scientific 1 Women in Europe for a Common Future, MAMA-86, Medium & Sanitas, Netherland's Women Council, Business and knowledge and prepare for the future Professional Women, Technical University Hamburg-Harburg Appendix through joint research. Waste Water Institute, AgroEco, Fernconsult, Local Authorities — Promote better water governance arrange- of Garle Mare, Nizhin, Poltava, Water Supply Consultants Yaremeche ments including stronger partnerships 2 Women in Europe for a Common Future, MAMA-86, Medium between public and private sectors and local & Sanitas, Netherland's Women Council, Business and Professional Women, NetWater Sri Lanka stakeholders and build institutional capacity. — Improve co-ordination and co-operation moving towards sector wide approaches, establishing multi-stakeholder processes to reinforce partnerships for action, and promot- ing south-south collaboration and co-operation. — Develop regional and sub-regional co- operation by assisting in the application of integrated water resources management including transboundary waters to contribute to sustainable development and conflict prevention. — Develop additional and innovative mechanisms and catalyze additional funding.

In relation to Civil Liability (Recommendations from the session convened by the Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape.)

— Support all efforts of the European States to sign and ratify the UN/ECE-Protocol on civil liability and compensation for damage caused by the transboundary effects of industrial accidents on transboundary waters. — Although the UNECE protocol is open to countries outside the European region and should be made available them, promote information and capacity building as prerequi- site for the success of its implementation.

In relation to Local Partnerships (Recommendations derived from the session convened by the Women in Europe for a Common Future and the Dutch Women's Council), the NIS component of the EU water partnership should:

— Promote affordable efficient sustainable solu- tions such as eco-sanitation, organic farming, rainwater harvesting and de-centralized waste water treatment; — Develop Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) at all levels and include a building block on gender with a well-balanced representation of civil society grassroots women's organizations; — Provide free high-quality legal services to local authorities, national authorities and civil society organizations to fully understand the consequences of public-private partnership negotiations. 107 107 B Input from the Forum to the Ministerial Conference

Day of Americas Statement

Key Issues Caribbean have a lesser capability to compete With 40% of the clean water resources in the world vis-a-vis other regions of the world. and 14% of the world population, the Americas are a privileged region. It has plenty of water, but in In a region with so many water resources, com- some areas it is scarce. It is a place where the old mercialization has been pinpointed as one of the problems are tied to new challenges, an anguish roads to hope. To this respect, the free commerce for those who take conscientious decisions, because treaties, like the ones signed between Canada, the population takes them as hopes of an improved the United States, and Mexico and the ones quality of life. A population that, earlier on, just under consideration between North America, endured them, but that now demands a solution. Chile, and Central America, have generated high That now has a voice and demands participation. hopes. This road, though, is not free of significant They demand, but that at their turn are ready to hazards related to the ownership and local and Appendix share responsibilities. national control of water. To this respect, significant legal hazards have been underscored in the inter- The countries in the region face a range of problems national commercial and investment agreements related to natural disasters, water management whose validity is placed above the National Laws and water quality, the poor use of its hydro-electric and Constitutions, and that have to be taken very potential, the degradation of its estuary and clean much into account by the countries when going water ecosystems, the uneven development of its into raw water and block water commerce. This hydraulic infrastructure and the uneven application could lead to extreme situations, to the prevalence of innovative tools for water management. of the right of the foreign investors to the detriment of the local communities' rights. Actions The present is a time of great and rapid changes Commitments towards globalization and economic and commercial We take on the commitment to contribute our liberalization. Consequently, the region has been experience and the logistic and financial resources subjected to significant structural changes and to available in order to find and negotiate solutions reforms in their macroeconomic policies that for priority problems the region is facing in water inevitably have an impact on agriculture and on related issues. water management in general. Nevertheless, in general terms, the water sector continues to be Recommendations highly regulated and subsidized, even if these — To take steps towards the elimination of subsidies need to be effective, discriminating subsidies to agriculture in the developed between the needs of the poor and the communities. countries. — To look after transparency in the international Water management cannot be analyzed apart and bilateral commercial agreements insofar from the economic, social, and cultural historical their impact on the water ownership at the moments that the region, as a whole, and the local and national levels is concerned. countries in particular, have been experiencing. — Effective decentralization, participatory An example of this is the initiatives in collaboration governance and regulation of the services in and sustainable development in the Central water management. American region, such as the Panama Puebla — Development of water policies, including Plan. On the other hand, an unusual and almost regulations for an equitable and efficient exclusive emphasis has been given to the "soft" distribution of water and poverty alleviation aspect of the water resources management, with in rural and urban areas, taking utmost a notable decrease of public investments in infra- advantage of the available technology. structure around the mid-80s, with the exception — Establishment of participatory and efficient of Colombia and Chile. This decrease was only systems for natural hazards management at partially offset by the private sector investment the local and national levels. and has been deemed as one of the reasons why — Incorporating the environmental component many low income people do not have yet available into the water management by river catch- the basic services and why Latin America and the ments, applying an ecosystem approach and 108 Input from the Forum to the Ministerial Conference B

including environmental services that can be sold. Appendix — To improve water quality to be used by humans and to decrease pollution. — Meeting the financial needs in order to increase and improve the water sector infrastructure, to soothe the thirst of the poor and to improve their income, in accordance with the goals of the Millennium.

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Day of the Middle East and the Mediterranean Statement

FROM SCARCITY THROUGH REFORM TO advance participatory and decentralized approaches SECURITY and public-private-partnership; and (iv) Promoting regional and international partnerships to foster Key Issues technical and financial cooperation on water issues. Water resource management issues in the Middle (See Annex for a more detailed description.) East and Mediterranean Region are among the most critical of any region in the world. Annual per Recommendation capita water availability for the Southern Mediter- There is a need to support the countries' reform ranean region has fallen from about 3,400 m3 in agenda, which calls for concerted and sustained 1960 to an average of about 1,200 m3 today. It is effort among governments, stakeholders, local projected to fall to just over 500 m3 in 2025 due to communities, and partner organizations. It is high population growth rate and increased urban recommended that partnership activities be Appendix and rural water use. In many parts of the region, strengthened among the countries of the Region dwindling water resources are threatening peo- (i) to deepen the understanding of common water ple's livelihood, the environment, and economic challenges, (ii) to enhance knowledge and growth. Intermittent supply is common in many information sharing between the countries and cities and agricultural water supply faces the the partners, and (iii) to provide systematic support challenge of competing demands for water. for strategy formulation and capacity building for governments, institutions, and civil society orga- Strategies for Actions nizations. Recommendations of the Report of the Moving from water scarcity to water security in World Panel on Financing Water Infrastructure are the region is achievable only through major noted and will be adapted to the regional situation. reforms in the management of water resources. Some countries have made significant progress with reforms to meet their water challenges and to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, while others are at early stages of the reform agenda. Water reform entails establishment of a policy and institutional framework, including integrated water resources management programs to adequately address depleting water resources, increasing competition for water, and problems of water quality. Efficient and effective water use is critical for success. Furthermore, water reform requires capacity building/enhancement and empowerment of the public and private sectors as well as community organizations to realize and fulfill their roles.

Governments in the region will act upon their pri- mary responsibility in creating the enabling policy, economic, social and environmental conditions for sustainable, efficient and equitable water management. They will promote a reform agenda that should at least contain the following four key strategic actions: (i) Adopting an integrated water resources management framework for planning and management of water resources in the country; (ii) Promoting efficient use of water through technical instruments and economic incentives, including appropriate pricing and cost recovery mechanisms; (iii) Mobilizing stakeholders to 110 Input from the Forum to the Ministerial Conference B

NGO Statement Appendix We as a diverse group of experienced NGOs and Governments, International Financial Institutions community organisations working in the water and the private sector should cease to promote sector convey our recommendations and concerns water mega-projects without reference to interna- to the Kyoto Ministerial Conference, which are the tional agreements and must always incorporate result of deliberations in the NGO Panel Debate. the recommendations of the World Commission on Dams into water and energy planning processes, We assert that water is a public good and access including reparations. to safe, affordable water is a human right. We welcome that this has now been recognised by Governments have to close the financing gap, the UN Committee on Social, Economic and increase financial efficiency and eliminate corruption Cultural Rights. and Donors must meet their commitments to debt relief. We oppose the promotion of the development paradigm exemplified by the commodification of Financing should be targeted towards low cost water and the renewed push for large-scale technologies and community developed systems. infrastructure projects that undermine local, participatory, decentralised actions. Governments must keep water resources and services out of the WTO and all other regional Despite ample and credible evidence of the value and international trade negotiations and agreements of local actions within river basins, they continue and in particular the General Agreement on Trade to be marginalized and trivialised. It's time to in Services. mainstream these locally rooted strategies, by incorporating them into policies and budgets at NGOs will continue to work with governments to all levels. develop water policies that prioritise ecosystem security and environment health of river basins to Recommendations provide sufficient flow, quantity and quality of Governments must reaffirm that access to water water for human livelihoods, development and and sanitation is a basic human right in the Kyoto biodiversity. Declaration and must always respect and protect human rights in all water policy and water As enablers of participation in planning, imple- resource management decisions. menting and monitoring we require full and free transparent access to information held by govern- Governments must recognise the legitimacy of ments, international agencies and corporations. NGOs and community organisations as contributors to sustainable development. We call for a rejection of the Camdessus Report as the product of an unaccountable, unrepresen- Community based approaches require more formal tative, inaccessible process no longer suitable for political and financial support so they can be this day and age. replicated and scaled up.

Build the capacity of public service providers, community cooperatives and small-scale entre- preneurs to provide water.

Base Integrated Water Resource Management strategies on people's participation and provide adequate mechanisms for dialogue and conflict resolution within river basins and across national boundaries. NGOs are ready to work with govern- ments to set up these mechanisms

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