DOCSLIB.ORG

Political Culture of Democracy in Ecuador, 2010 Democratic

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Political Culture of Democracy in Ecuador, 2010 Democratic Political Culture of Democracy in Ecuador, 2010 Democratic Consolidation in the Americas in Hard Times By: Juan Carlos Donoso, Ph.D. Daniel Montalvo, Ph.D. Diana Orcés, Ph.D. Mitchell A. Seligson, Ph.D. Scientific Coordinator and Editor of the Series Vanderbilt University This study was done with support from the Program in Democracy and Governance of the United States Agency for International Development. The opinions expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the point of view of the United States Agency for International Development. March, 2011 Political Culture of Democracy in Ecuador, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................................................................................... V LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................................................................................XI PREFACE ...............................................................................................................................................................................XIII PROLOGUE: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY............................................................................................................... XV Acknowledgements ...........................................................................................................................................xxii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................................XXV PART I: HARD TIMES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON DEMOCRACY ................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER I . HARD TIMES IN THE AMERICAS: ECONOMIC OVERVIEW.............................................................. 3 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Economic Overview............................................................................................................................................. 3 Dimensions of the Economic Crisis in Ecuador.................................................................................................. 9 Trends in Democratic Development.................................................................................................................. 12 Dimensions of Democracy in Ecuador.............................................................................................................. 14 The Relationship between Hard Times and Democracy.................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER II . CITIZEN PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES DURING HARD TIMES IN THE AMERICAS .... 19 Introduction....................................................................................................................................................... 19 Perceptions of the Magnitude of the Economic Crisis ...................................................................................... 19 Who is to Blame for the Economic Crisis?........................................................................................................ 22 The Ecuadorian Case ........................................................................................................................................ 24 Personal Experiences with Economic Instability .............................................................................................. 25 Job loss............................................................................................................................................................................ 25 Socio-Demographic Factors and Employment in Ecuador............................................................................... 28 Reported Decrease in Household Income ......................................................................................................... 29 Who Was Most Affected by the Economic Crisis?............................................................................................. 31 Perceptions of Personal and National Economic Situations............................................................................. 33 Conclusion......................................................................................................................................................... 35 CHAPTER III . DEMOCRATIC VALUES IN HARD TIMES ........................................................................................... 37 Introduction....................................................................................................................................................... 37 Support for Democracy ..................................................................................................................................... 46 Support for the Political System........................................................................................................................ 50 Satisfaction with democracy.............................................................................................................................. 58 Support for Military Coups ............................................................................................................................... 63 Conclusion......................................................................................................................................................... 70 PART II: RULE OF LAW, CRIME, CORRUPTION, AND CIVIL SOCIETY ................................................................. 71 CHAPTER IV . RULE OF LAW, CRIME, AND CORRUPTION ...................................................................................... 73 Introduction....................................................................................................................................................... 73 Theoretical background .................................................................................................................................... 73 Perception of Insecurity and Crime .................................................................................................................. 74 Crime Victimization........................................................................................................................................................ 76 Corruption......................................................................................................................................................... 82 Theoretical Background .................................................................................................................................................. 82 Measuring Corruption ..................................................................................................................................................... 83 Perception of Corruption................................................................................................................................................. 84 Victimization by Corruption ........................................................................................................................................... 86 The Impact of Crime, Insecurity and Corruption on Democracy...................................................................... 91 Support for the Rule of Law and the Impact of Crime and Insecurity............................................................... 92 Conclusion......................................................................................................................................................... 96 CHAPTER V . LEGITIMACY, SYSTEM SUPPORT, AND POLITICAL TOLERANCE.............................................. 97 Introduction....................................................................................................................................................... 97 Theoretical Background.................................................................................................................................... 97 The Legitimacy and Tolerance Equation......................................................................................................................... 97 A. Support for the Political System.................................................................................................................... 99 Theoretical Background .................................................................................................................................................. 99 B. Political Tolerance...................................................................................................................................... 103 ©LAPOP: Page iii Political Culture of Democracy in Ecuador, 2010 Theoretical Background ................................................................................................................................................ 103 C. Support for a Stable Democracy................................................................................................................. 106 Who is more likely to Support a Stable Democracy?.................................................................................................... 109 D. Legitimacy of Other Democratic Institutions
Load more

Recommended publications
  • “Why Do They Want to Make Me Suffer Again?” the Impact of Abortion Prosecutions in Ecuador
    HUMAN “Why Do They Want to RIGHTS WATCH Make Me Suffer Again?” The Impact of Abortion Prosecutions in Ecuador “Why Do They Want to Make Me Suffer Again?” The Impact of Abortion Prosecutions in Ecuador Copyright © 2021 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-919-3 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org JULY 2021 ISBN: 978-1-62313-919-3 “Why Do They Want to Make Me Suffer Again?” The Impact of Abortion Prosecutions in Ecuador Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Key Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 8 To the Presidency ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Government and the Nonprofit Sector in Latin America
    Nonprofit Policy Forum 2016; 7(2): 117–135 Article Open Access Susan M. Appe and Michael Dennis Layton* Government and the Nonprofit Sector in Latin America DOI 10.1515/npf-2014-0028 Introduction A growing literature is exploring the dynamics of government–nonprofit relations, but most of this work has focused on developed nations with strong economies and consolidated democracies (Salamon 1995, 2002; Young 1999, 2000). The nations of the developing world, which by definition have weaker economies, and generally have less consolidated democracies and smaller nonprofit sectors, have received less attention (Najam 2000; Coston 1998). Among the latter, the nations of Latin America present an interesting set of cases: there is wide variation in terms of levels of economic development and democratic consolidation, but historically weak nonprofit sectors are a common element. For example, the five Latin American nations that are represented in the Johns Hopkins University Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, although they are among the wealthiest in Latin America, have relatively small sectors compared to other developing nations, many of whom are less wealthy (Salamon et al. ch. 2). The final decades of the twentieth century witnessed a period of democratic stability in Latin America, which unfortunately has – in some nations – fallen prey to what Weyland (2013) alternately describes as “soft authoritarianism,” “personalistic plebiscitarianism,” or populism. A growing number of nations, *Corresponding author: Michael Dennis Layton, International Relations, Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico, Rio Hondo 1, Tizapan Progreso, Mexico, Distrito Federal 01080, Mexico; Center on Philanthropy and Public Policy, Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Lewis Hall, Room 210, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0626, USA, E-mail: [email protected] http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0853-3162 Susan M.
    [Show full text]
  • Soberanía Y ECUADOR Democracia Siembra Fecunda ALFREDO PALACIO
    El Dr. Alfredo Palacio, ejerció la Presidecia Constitucional de la República del Ecuador desde abril de 2005 hasta el 15 de enero 2007. actualmente reside en Guayaquil, su ciudad natal, donde ejerce su profesión de médico cardiólogo, investigador científico, en el INCAP. Dirige algunos proyectos científicos y de salud. Es profesor de Cardiología de la Universidad de Guayaquil, profesor de Política Latinoamericana de la Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, profesor Emérito de la Universidad de San Francisco, profesor afiliado de la Universidad de Miami Millar School of Medicine. Ha sido distinguido con doctorados y títulos Honoris Causa, de la Universidad John Hopkins de Baltimore de Estados Unidos de América, de la Universidad Católica de Guayaquil, y de la Universidad de Península de Santa Elena. Entre sus publicaciones encontra- mos Atlas de Ecocardiografía Bidimensional. PLM, México, 1981; Atlas of 2 D-Echocardiography. York Medical Books, New York, 1983; Cardiopatía Isquémica. Banco Central, Guayaquil, 1985; Estudio Guayaquil I. Universidad de Guayaquil, 1991; Hacia... Un humanismo Científico, 1997; Salud para todos 2005; Salud el derecho de todos, 2006. ECUADOR Soberanía y Democracia siembra fecunda ALFREDO PALACIO AGOSTO 2007 Ecuador Soberanía y Democracia siembra fecunda © Alfredo Palacio Derechos de Autor: 027294 ISBN-978-9942-01-255-5 Primera edición 1000 ejemplares ITAPOA Portada Elmo Avila Cárdenas Impresión SOBOCGRAFIC Quito-Ecuador Agosto de 2007 agradecimiento Mi primera palabra de gratitud al pueblo Ecuatoriano, puntal permanente de inspiración. Dejo constancia expresa de mi reconocimiento, a la dedicación, al profesionalismo, a las largas horas de abnegado y agotador trabajo de Gabriela Córdova, Ana Mogro, Fátima Vásconez, Alicia Robalino.
    [Show full text]
  • A Political Economy of Sovereign Debt in Latin America
    Between Good Faith and Defiance: A Political Economy of Sovereign Debt in Latin America by Alfredo Hernandez Sanchez Submitted to Central European University Doctoral School of Political Science, Public Policy and International Relations In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisor: Professor Julius Horvath CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2020 I, the undersigned [Alfredo Hernandez Sanchez], candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Central European University Doctoral School of Political Science, Public Policy and International Relations, declare herewith that the present thesis is exclusively my own work, based on my research and only such external information as properly credited in notes and bibliography. I declare that no unidentified and illegitimate use was made of works of others, and no part the thesis infringes on any person's or intstitution's copyright. I also declare that no part the thesis has been submitted in this form to any other institution of higher education for an academic degree. Budapest, 10 May 2020 ||||||||||||||||| Signature CEU eTD Collection c by Alfredo Hernandez Sanchez, 2020 All Rights Reserved. Word Count ≈ 57,000 ii \We think in generalities, but we live in detail." | Alfred North Whitehead Science and Philosophy CEU eTD Collection To my loving parents CEU eTD Collection Acknowledgments \All changes, even the most longed for, have their melancholy; for what we leave behind us is a part of ourselves; we must die to one life before we can enter another." Anatole France It seems appropriate for a thesis about debt to begin by enumerating all the { very many { people to whom the author owes gratitude.
    [Show full text]
  • The BG News March 22, 2006
    Bowling Green State University ScholarWorks@BGSU BG News (Student Newspaper) University Publications 3-22-2006 The BG News March 22, 2006 Bowling Green State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/bg-news Recommended Citation Bowling Green State University, "The BG News March 22, 2006" (2006). BG News (Student Newspaper). 7578. https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/bg-news/7578 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University Publications at ScholarWorks@BGSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in BG News (Student Newspaper) by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@BGSU. State University WEDNESDAY March 22, 2006 HOT START: Senior Softball pitcher gets off PM SHOWERS to the best start of her HIGH 44 LOW 25 career; PAGE 12 www.bgnews.com independent student press VOLUME 100 ISSUE 120 University has ways to POPPING IN THE PUB curb costs of technology Services are available to help students who need extra supplies By losti Comer REPORTER Faced with a difficult class schedule and a tightening bank account, University student Emily Carson had to choose between raiding her checking account for S500, or risking fail- ure for her first major assign- ment of the semester. Traveling to a Best Buy elec- tronics store in Toledo, the visu- al communication technology major searched a rack of digital camcorders for one with the pre- cise requirements of a class proj- ect due two days later. Frustrated when she couldn't find the cam- era she needed, Carson fumed.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Rights Violations to Indigenous People in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes in South America
    HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS TO INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN COMPETITIVE AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES IN SOUTH AMERICA A thesis submitted to the Kent State University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for University Honors by Jhanisse Vaca Daza May, 2016 ii Thesis written by Jhanisse Vaca Daza Approved by ____________________________________________ , Advisor _________________________ Chair, Department of Political Science Accepted by ___________________________________________________, Dean, Honors College iii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1 1. Research Question. ......................................................................................................1 2. Literature Review.........................................................................................................5 3. Research Design.........................................................................................................13 A. BOLIVIA ......................................................................................................................18 1. Background ................................................................................................................18 a. TIPNIS Territory ....................................................................................................18 b. Project of Roadway through the TIPNIS announced .............................................21 c. Erosion of democracy in Bolivia
    [Show full text]
  • Winter 2013 (Pdf)
    WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY ALUMNI NEWSLETTER JANUARY 2013 Cardiovascular Division Establishes Smith-Oliver Alumni Society n recognition of the 65th anniversary of the Cardiovascular Division, a new alumni Isociety has been established to foster a sense of family and community among fellows rhythm distur- who have completed their clinical and/or bances and sudden research training programs in our Division. cardiac death. The Smith-Oliver Cardiovascular Alumni Dr. Smith, who Society is named after John Smith, MD, the passed away on first chief of cardiology at Barnes Hospital January 5, 1976, (1947—1964) and G. Charles Oliver, MD, was considered the first chief of cardiology (1971—1981) at a preeminent The Jewish Hospital of St. Louis. cardiologist and “We believe the naming of this society hon- educator. A train Dr. John Smith Dr. Charles Oliver ors the rich traditions of cardiology that existed aficionado who at Barnes Hospital (1947–1997) and Jewish could distinguish the minute differences in “I’m thrilled that the division is recogniz- Hospital (1971–1997) prior to the unification train whistles heard near the medical center, ing my father and Dr. Oliver for their efforts of both programs in 1997,” says Douglas Mann, Dr. Smith also could hear subtle differences by creating this society,” O’Keefe adds. “I MD, Lewin Professor and current chief of the in heartbeats. “He could mimic the sound of hope everyone connected to the cardiology Cardiovascular Division. “Many of our alumni the heartbeat or, if something wasn’t right, he program takes pride in the rich history that are leaders in cardiology, medicine, research could make that sound, too,” says his daughter is here.” and education, both nationally and interna- Liz O’Keefe.
    [Show full text]
  • Captivating Talks on Health and Hygiene for Parents
    No. 18 BuildingHope September 2016 Project EC538 in a depressed neighborhood of La Libertad: Captivating talks on health and hygiene for parents Professionals cooperate with the project to teach the parents of sponsored children topics intended to help themselves and their children and to engage the families to the Gospel. Amor de Dios Church COLOMBIA OCÉANO PACÍFICO CDSP EC538 Quito MANABÍ ECUADOR La Libertad Canton SANTA ELENA Guayaquil Province of Santa Elena Cuenca Once de Diciembre Citadel PERÚ GUAYAS SANTA Lunch ELENA time. Entrance to La Libertad Santa Elena La Libertad. after lunch, provided by the project. Those Guayaquil who come in the afternoon leave the project after receiving their dinner. Playas The percentage of attendance is 95% and when a child is absent, the tutors visit their homes to ascertain what happened and how they could be of help. In addition to studying the regular curricula Once de Diciembre Citadel and evangelism, the children pray, sing, play Basic Services Comments and make crafts. La Libertad is an Ecuadorian city and Potable water No, there is only piped water. canton of the province of Santa Elena on the Sewage No. The church in the community coast of Ecuador. It has 96,000 inhabitants Electricity Yes. Miguel Angel Parrales is the (2010) and lies on a very dry and hot area, Street lights Yes. Pastor of project EC538. Currently, with a low rainfall. Telephone Only mobile lines in the area. they work with a group of 15 Those living in fringe areas such as Public transportation Bus, taxi or walk on foot.
    [Show full text]
  • Coup D'etat Events, 1946-2012
    COUP D’ÉTAT EVENTS, 1946-2018 CODEBOOK Monty G. Marshall and Donna Ramsey Marshall Center for Systemic Peace July 25, 2019 Overview: This data list compiles basic descriptive information on all coups d’état occurring in countries reaching a population greater than 500,000 during the period 1946-2018. For purposes of this compilation, a coup d’état is defined as a forceful seizure of executive authority and office by a dissident/opposition faction within the country’s ruling or political elites that results in a substantial change in the executive leadership and the policies of the prior regime (although not necessarily in the nature of regime authority or mode of governance). Social revolutions, victories by oppositional forces in civil wars, and popular uprisings, while they may lead to substantial changes in central authority, are not considered coups d’état. Voluntary transfers of executive authority or transfers of office due to the death or incapacitance of a ruling executive are, likewise, not considered coups d’état. The forcible ouster of a regime accomplished by, or with the crucial support of, invading foreign forces is not here considered a coup d’état. The dataset includes four types of coup events: successful coups, attempted (failed) coups, coup plots, and alleged coup plots. In order for a coup to be considered “successful” effective authority must be exercised by new executive for at least one month. We are confident that the list of successful coups is comprehensive. Our confidence in the comprehensiveness of the coup lists diminishes across the remaining three categories: good coverage (reporting) of attempted coups and more questionable quality of coverage/reporting of coup plots (“discovered” and alleged).
    [Show full text]
  • Azuay-Ecuador
    Centro Latinoamericano de Demografia TRABAJO FINAL CAMBIO DEMOGRAFICO E IMPACTO DE LA MIGRACIONE EN LA DISTRIBUCION ESPACIAL DE LA POBLACION EN AZUAY-ECUADOR Elaborado por: ANA LUZ BORRERO VEGA Docentes: Miguel Villa y Lorenzo Agar Postgrado en Población y Desarrollo 7 de Diciem bre de 1993, Santiago de Chile CAMBIO DEMOGRAFICO E IMPACTO DE LA MIGRACION EN LA DISTRIBUCION ESPACIAL DE LA POBLACION EN AZUAY-ECUADOR Elaborado por : ANA LUZ BURRERO VEGA AGRADECIMIENTO Debo un especial agradecimiento a los profesores del CELADE, que colaboraron en la elaboración de este trabajo de investigación: M iguel V illa, Lorenzo Agar, Jorge Balzo y Jorge Rodríguez INDICE Introducción Capítulo I Página I . - El Poblamiento en la Provincia del Azuay 1 1. Antecedentes Históricos 1 1.2.- La población del Azuay en las primeras décadas del siglo XX Capítulo II II.-Evolución y Estructura de la Población de1 Azuay (1950-1990) 8 2.1. - La provincia en el contexto nacional 8 2.2. - Patrones de crecimiento 11 2.3. - Componentes del cambio en la población 13 2.3.1. -La fecundidad en la provincia 15 2.3.2. - La mortalidad general en la provincia del Azuay 17 2.3.3. - La mortalidad infantil en la provincia 19 2.4. - Estructura por Edad 20 2.5. - Composición por Sexo 20 Capítulo III III.- Distribución y Redistribución Espacial de la Población 25 3.1. - Grandes Zonas de Ocupación Territorial 25 3.2. - Tendencias de Cambio en Años Recientes (1950-1990) 28 3.3.- El proceso de urbanización en la provincia del Azuay: el caso de Cuenca 29 Capítulo IV IV.- La Migración en la Provincia del Azuay 33 4.1.- Características Generales del Proceso Migratorio en el País 33 4.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainability Multivariate Analysis of the Energy Consumption of Ecuador Using Musiasem and BIPLOT Approach
    Article Sustainability Multivariate Analysis of the Energy Consumption of Ecuador Using MuSIASEM and BIPLOT Approach Nathalia Tejedor-Flores 1,*, Purificación Vicente-Galindo 1,2 and Purificación Galindo-Villardón 1,2,3 1 Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; [email protected] (P.V.-G.); [email protected] (P.G.-V.) 2 Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBSAL), 08028 Salamanca, Spain 3 Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, 09-01-5863 Guayaquil, Ecuador * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-675-011-677 Academic Editor: Manfred Max Bergman Received: 26 April 2017; Accepted: 1 June 2017; Published: 7 June 2017 Abstract: Rapid economic growth, expanding populations and increasing prosperity are driving up demand for energy, water and food, especially in developing countries. To understand the energy consumption of a country, we used the Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MuSIASEM) approach. The MuSIASEM is an innovative approach to accounting that integrates quantitative information generated by distinct types of conventional models based on different dimensions and scales of analysis. The main objective of this work is to enrich the MuSIASEM approach with information from multivariate methods in order to improve the efficiency of existing models of sustainability. The Biplot method permits the joint plotting, in a reduced dimension of the rows (individuals) and columns (variables) of a multivariate data matrix. We found, in the case study of Ecuador, that the highest values of the Exosomatic Metabolic Rate (EMR) per economic sector and Economic Labor Productivity (ELP) are located in the Productive Sector (PS).
    [Show full text]
  • Seroprevalence of SARS-Cov-2 Infection and Adherence to Preventive Measures in Cuenca, Ecuador, October 2020, a Cross-Sectional Study
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Adherence to Preventive Measures in Cuenca, Ecuador, October 2020, a Cross-Sectional Study David Acurio-Páez 1,* , Bernardo Vega 1 , Daniel Orellana 2, Ricardo Charry 1, Andrea Gómez 3, Michael Obimpeh 4 , Veronique Verhoeven 4 and Robert Colebunders 4 1 Faculty of Medical Science, Universidad de Cuenca, 010202 Cuenca, Ecuador; [email protected] (B.V.); [email protected] (R.C.) 2 Grupo de Investigación LlactaLAB—Ciudades Sustentables, Universidad de Cuenca, 010203 Cuenca, Ecuador; [email protected] 3 School of Public Health, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; [email protected] 4 Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; [email protected] (M.O.); [email protected] (V.V.); [email protected] (R.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +593-99-924-0345 Abstract: A door-to-door survey was organised in Cuenca, Ecuador, to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 infection and adherence of the population to COVID-19 preventive measures. A total of 2457 persons participated in the study; 584 (23.7%) reported having experienced at least one flu-like Citation: Acurio-Páez, D.; Vega, B.; symptom since the onset of the pandemic. The maximum SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Cuenca was Orellana, D.; Charry, R.; Gómez, A.; 13.2% (CI: 12–14.6%) (IgM or IgG positive). Considering PCR confirmed infections, the prevalence Obimpeh, M.; Verhoeven, V.; was 11% (CI: 10–12.4%). There was no significant difference in seroprevalence between rural and Colebunders, R.
    [Show full text]