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Les Recherches Archéologiques Sur Le Mont Beuvray. Perspectives Et Programme Opérationnel Pour Les Années 2013-2016 Vincent Guichard

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Les Recherches Archéologiques Sur Le Mont Beuvray. Perspectives Et Programme Opérationnel Pour Les Années 2013-2016 Vincent Guichard Les recherches archéologiques sur le Mont Beuvray. Perspectives et programme opérationnel pour les années 2013-2016 Vincent Guichard To cite this version: Vincent Guichard. Les recherches archéologiques sur le Mont Beuvray. Perspectives et programme opérationnel pour les années 2013-2016 . [Rapport de recherche] Bibracte - Centre archéologique européen. 2013, pp.64. halshs-01301375 HAL Id: halshs-01301375 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01301375 Submitted on 12 Apr 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Centre archéologique européen Les recherches archéologiques sur le Mont Beuvray ! Perspectives et programme opérationnel pour les années 2013-2016 Centre archéologique européen Établissement Public de Coopération Culturelle F — 58370 GLUX-EN-GLENNE F - 58370 GLUX EN GLENNE / Tél. : (33) 03 86 78 69 00 / Fax : (33) 03 86 78 65 70 E-mail : [email protected] Site web : http://www.bibracte.fr Janvier 2013 couverture PQ 2013-2016.indd 1 19/03/13 16:52 Les recherches archéologiques sur le Mont Beuvray Perspectives et programme opérationnel pour les années 2013-2016 Vincent GUICHARD Directeur général et directeur scientifique avec la collaboration de Gilles PIERREVELCIN et Stephan FICHTL Établissement Public de Coopération Culturelle F — 58370 GLUX-EN-GLENNE Janvier 2013 Illustration de couverture : plan Bibracte/A. Meunier Direction scientifique du programme de recherche Vincent Guichard (BIBRACTE) Suivi éditorial Myriam Giudicelli, Sébastien Durost, Pascal Paris (BIBRACTE) Mise en page Myriam Giudicelli, Sébastien Durost (BIBRACTE) Traitement graphique Arnaud Meunier (BIBRACTE) Crédit iconographique Arnaud Meunier (BIBRACTE) SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION : DE NÉCESSAIRES MUTATIONS ...................................................5 I. LES RECHERCHES SUR LE MONT BEUVRAY : ÉTAT DES LIEUX ET POTENTIALITÉS I-1. LES FOUILLES DE BIBRACTE DANS LE CONTEXTE DE LA RECHERCHE SUR LES OPPIDA ..................7 Introduction ...................................................................................7 De 1865 à 1914 : premières fouilles et premières synthèses ............................................7 De 1914 à 1984 : une recherche dont Bibracte est de moins en moins partie prenante .....................8 Depuis 1984 : Bibracte revient au-devant de la scène .................................................9 Vers de nouveaux questionnements ? .............................................................11 I-2. LES RECHERCHES SUR LE MONT BEUVRAY : UN ÉTAT DES LIEUX .................................14 Introduction ..................................................................................14 Thème 1 : Le contexte et les conditions de l’émergence de l’oppidum ..................................14 1.1. Le Mont Beuvray au sein du réseau régional de sites de hauteur protohistoriques .................14 1.2. Le Mont Beuvray avant Bibracte ...........................................................14 1.3. L’économie minière .....................................................................14 1.4. Le peuplement des campagnes aux alentours de l’oppidum ...................................15 1.5. L’attractivité du Mont Beuvray .............................................................16 Thème 2 : l’évolution de l’espace de l’oppidum .....................................................17 2.1. L’agglomération et son site ................................................................17 2.2. Le cadre chronologique : la ville d’un siècle .................................................17 2.3. Les fortifications et les grands terrassements .................................................18 2.4. La dynamique de l’occupation et la démographie ............................................20 2.5. Les espaces funéraires ...................................................................21 Thème 3 : les fonctions de l’oppidum : quantification, évolution et localisation ...........................21 3.1. La fonction résidentielle ..................................................................21 3.2. La fonction de production ................................................................22 3.3. La fonction commerciale : consommation et redistribution ....................................23 3.4. Les équipements édilitaires ...............................................................24 3.5. Les espaces publics ......................................................................26 Thème 4 : le statut de l’oppidum. .27 4.1. L’oppidum face à la romanisation ..........................................................27 4.2. Le statut de l’oppidum avant la romanisation ................................................28 4.3. Après l’abandon de Bibracte : entre oubli et transmission d’un héritage ..........................29 I-3. EN GUISE DE CONCLUSION : CINQ RAISONS POUR CONTINUER A FOUILLER A BIBRACTE ...............30 Les oppida : une réalité archéologique encore très mal appréhendée .................................30 Un état de conservation exceptionnel et une vaste superficie fouillée .................................30 Un site de statut historique privilégié .............................................................31 Un site unique pour étudier les premiers temps de la romanisation ...................................31 Des données qui ne peuvent être palliées par l’archéologie de sauvetage ..............................31 II. OUTILS, MÉTHODES ET ORGANISATION DE LA RECHERCHE II-1. RECENTRER LE PROGRAMME DE RECHERCHE SUR L’OPPIDUM .....................................33 II-2. ARTICULER LE PROGRAMME DE RECHERCHE AVEC LES PROGRAMMES DE RECHERCHE INDIVIDUELS DES CHERCHEURS ASSOCIÉS .......................................................34 II-3. INTEGRER DE FAÇON PLUS EFFICACE LES TRAVAUX UNIVERSITAIRES AU PROGRAMME DE RECHERCHE ...35 II-4. AMÉLIORER LES PROTOCOLES DE TRAVAIL, DE LA FOUILLE A LA PUBLICATION ......................35 De la fouille au rapport d’activité ................................................................36 Les études spécialisées et la préparation des synthèses ..............................................36 Du rapport d’activité à la publication .............................................................37 II-5. AJUSTER LES MOYENS HUMAINS ET TECHNIQUES DU CENTRE ARCHÉOLOGIQUE EUROPÉEN ..........37 Perspectives et programme opérationnel pour les années 2013-2016 3 III. LE PROJET OPÉRATIONNEL 2013-2016 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................39 III-1. TRAVAUX DE TERRAIN SUR L’OPPIDUM. 40 Action 1.1 : reconnaissance des voies d’accès à l’oppidum ...........................................40 Action 1.2 : reconnaissance de l’organisation spatiale de l’oppidum ...................................40 Action 1.3 : étude du secteur Parc aux Chevaux/Theurot de la Roche ..................................42 Action 1.4 : étude des domus PC 1 et PC 2 .........................................................43 Action 1.5 : compléments d’observation à la Pâture du Couvent ......................................44 III-2. TRAVAUX DE TERRAIN ACHEVÉS EN COURS D’EXPLOITATION ......................................46 La nécropole de la Croix du Rebout ..............................................................46 La Côme Chaudron ............................................................................46 L’îlot des Grandes Forges à la Pâture du Couvent ...................................................46 La domus PC 1 ................................................................................47 Autres dossiers ................................................................................47 III-3. ÉTUDES SPÉCIALISÉES ET TRANSVERSALES .....................................................47 Des référents par spécialité .....................................................................47 Groupe de travail « Céramique » .................................................................49 Groupe de travail « Instrumentum » ..............................................................49 Groupe de travail « Architecture » ................................................................49 III-4. TRAVAUX DE SYNTHÈSE ......................................................................50 Introduction ..................................................................................50 Synthèse chronologique ........................................................................50 Synthèse spatiale ..............................................................................50 III-5. PUBLICATIONS ..............................................................................51 Introduction ..................................................................................51 Publications prioritaires dans la collection Bibracte ................................................51 Publications ultérieures dans la collection Bibracte. 51 La question de la publication des mémoires universitaires ...........................................52 Articles scientifiques de synthèse
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