Exotic and Invasive Fishes in Mexico

11 3 1627 the journal of biodiversity data April 2015 Check List LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 11(3): 1627, April 2015 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.3.1627 ISSN 1809-127X © 2015 Check List and Authors

Exotic and invasive fishes in Mexico

Héctor Espinosa-Pérez* and Montserrat Ramírez

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Zoología: Colección Nacional de Peces, Ciudad Universitaria, 3er Circuito Exterior s/n 04510 Mexico City, D.F., México * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: This paper presents a list of the exotic fish abundance and distribution are significantly greater species introduced in Mexican aquatic systems. This than when the species was first introduced. Although list is the result of the systematized information con- the term is widely used, there is no clear definition to tained in several databases of ichthyological collections designate a species as invasive, as there is some subjec- around the world and different publications. A total of tivity in its use (Wittenberg et al. 2001). For practical 104 species were found, distributed in 19 families and purposes, this paper defines invasive fish as non-native 51 genera. The most species-rich were Cyprinidae with species that, once introduced to a water system, its 22 species, Poeciliidae (19 species), Cichlidae (15 species) reproductive success allows it to establish and signifi- and Centrarchidae (13 species). A map and an electronic cantly increase its distribution. This contribution aims database were created based on the knowledge of the to update the list of invasive species of Contreras- species, showing the known introductions of exotic fish- Balderas (2008), and includes a list of invasive species es in the country. The information was obtained from and their effects on introduction environments. An a database stored in the Colección Nacional de Peces interactive database, stored electronically in the Colec- IBUNAM, which can be accessed online. This study has ción Nacional de Peces of Instituto de Biología UNAM, a high importance for the knowledge of the exotic fish which can be consulted online. fauna of Mexico and its current status. MATERIALS AND METHODS Key words: exotic fishes, Mexico, databases, electronic Records of exotic fish caught in seas, rivers, lakes, map, introductions ponds, reservoirs and streams were obtained from the following database: Colección Nacional de Peces del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma INTRODUCTION de Mexico (CNPE-IBUNAM), Centro de Investigaciones Fish are the most diverse group of vertebrates, and Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Colección Icti- freshwater fish are especially considered as one of the ológica de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California most seriously threatened animal groups, because of the (CI-UABC), Departamento de Investigaciones Cientí- introduction of exotic species (non-native), it means, ficas de la Universidad de Sonora (DICTUS-USON), species that do not belong naturally to an aquatic system Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, (ANSP), (CONABIO 2008). These species cause damage to ecosys- Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa (CMNFI), Cornell tems by the deterioration of the water body, and strong University, Vertebrate Collections, Ithaca (CUMV), Uni- effects on native communities in which they are inserted versity of Florida, Florida Museum of Natural History, (Contreras-Balderas 1999). The introduction pathways Florida (UF), Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago of fish and other organisms may be deliberately, for pur- (FMNH), Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, poses of aquaculture, sport fishing, biological control or Lawrence (KU), Michigan State University Museum protection of species and forage, or accidentally includ- (MSUM), Texas A&M University, Texas Cooperative ing leakage of individuals from farms, discharge ballast Wildlife Collection, (TCWC), Tulane University, School water, hydrological systems channeling and the release of Science and Engineering, Department of Ecology of species used as bait in a different system from where and Evolutionary Biology, New Orleans, (TU), Univer- they were collected (Gozlan et al. 2010). sidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Escuela Nacional de Frequently, introduced or exotic species are mistaken Ciencias Biológicas (UANL), University of Michigan, as invasive species, the latter considered as those whose Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan (UMMZ)

Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 1 Volume 11 | Number 3 | Article 1627 Espinosa-Pérez and Ramírez | Exotic and invasive fishes in Mexico and Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC (USNM). show the records of introduced fish species reported A great number of the records (3478) were taken from by Contreras-B and Escalante-C (1984) and Contreras- the database CONABIO recorded by Contreras-Balderas Balderas (1999). The localities in which the introduced (2008) and from the records obtained online from public species were observed or collected, as well as the num- and international databases such as Global Biodiversity ber of records by locality of the selected species are also Information Facility (GBIF) and the FishNet data portal shown. (FishNet2.net), which gather numerous references of Lepisosteidae: Although four species of this family various species throughout the world. Literature and are native to Mexico and North America, from Canada faunal lists were also reviewed, such as Ruiz-Campos et to Nicaragua, at least Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus, al. (2012), which include records of exotic species in the 1758) is known to be imported from the United States, peninsula of Baja California, the faunal list Contreras-B where it is stocked for conservation purposes. In Mexi- and Escalante-C (1984), Contreras-Balderas (1999) or co, stocking of this specie is done for sport-fishing and Mendoza and Koleff (2014). riverine fishing in Tamaulipas dams (García de León et A map and an interactive database were done with al. 2005). all data obtained from the databases. Entries were Clupeidae: Data of introduction or translocation of standardized, overlapping records were eliminated Dorosoma cepedianum (Lesueur, 1818) and D. petenense and spelling errors were corrected. Records with accu- (Günter, 1867) in rivers, lakes and reservoirs in the rate geographical coordinates were used; coordinate north of Mexico are available according to Contreras-B acquisition of each locality was achieved a posteriori by and Escalante-C (1984). These species are native to the mapping and matching (less than 10 m in diameter) Atlantic coast, northeast and southeast of Mexico, but the collection site to a water system. For this purpose have been introduced as forage species for food to other the online service GEOLocate and Fishnet2 were used, species such as Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides as well as GIS Google Earth 6.0. Fish nomenclatures (Lacepède, 1802)). Currently there are more records of were verified according to recent taxonomic revisions, these two species in the northern and southern regions following the arrangement of Page et al. (2013) and the of the country, but the effects in native populations are Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer and Fong 2014). The list not known. of introduced and exotic species in Mexico is shown in Chanidae: The speciesChanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775) Table 1, with their native distribution the area of occur- was introduced in America by the end of the last century rence in Mexico including known distributions and in the San Francisco estuary, United States of America, samples of collection, the causes of the introduction, where according to Castro-Aguirre et al. (1999) it does the current status of invasion and the catalog number not occur. Its current distribution extends from the of the specimens deposited in fish collections. The spe- southwestern coast of Baja California Sur and the Gulf cies are listed in four categories: exotic, introduced, of California to Panama and Galapagos Islands, and in invasive and required to verify. “Exotic” includes for- lagoons of Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, Guerrero and Chi- eign species sensu stricto, those that comes from other apas, in Mexico. This species is native to the Red Sea and countries. “Introduced” refers to species that have the Indian Ocean. been introduced in a water system by anthropogenic Cyprinidae: Twenty-two species of this family have purposes, such as aquaculture, and those species that been recorded as non-native, introduced on Mexican were translocated due to sport fishing, bait, or reintro- water bodies, many of them are translocations or duced for conservation purposes. “Invasive” refers, as unverified records of Mexican species in other systems. in the introduction, to those species that have estab- Among them are: Algansea lacustris Steindachner, 1895, lished and are widely distributed in different water introduced in many aquatic systems in central Mexico. bodies of Mexico. “Requires verification” concerns to It is unknown whether the species is established or those species not deposited in a scientific collection, as not, but there is suspicion that it has hybridized with M. anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). This category also other species of the genus (Escalante and Contreras includes those species whose distribution overlaps 1985). Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard, 1853) was their native distribution. documented by Contreras-Balderas et al. (2008) as introduced, and mentioned it in multiple localities in RESULTS the north. Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012) suggested the Nineteen families, 59 genera and 104 species of exotic species to be probably responsible of the decline of the fish have been introduced in the Mexican water systems. Desert Pupfish Cyprinodon macularius Baird & Girard, An analysis of the families of all species reported is 1853. Other species such as Gila bicolor (Girard, 1856), presented below. The database and electronic map pre- G. modesta (Garman, 1881) and G. orcutti (Eigenmann sented in this work can be consulted online using the & Eigenmann, 1890) natives from the United States link http://unibio.unam.mx/peces_exoticos-war/, and were documented by Contreras-B and Escalante-C

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(1984) in Baja California, but these species were not it was introduced in the sixties into the channels of found by Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012). Campostoma Chapingo, State of Mexico, due to its potential for aqua- anomalum (Rafinesque, 1820), Macrhybopsis aestivalis culture. It is apparently not established due to water (Girard, 1856), Notropis chihuahua Woolman, 1892, N. pollution and loss of habitat in the region (Contreras-B amabilis (Girard, 1856), Pimephales promelas Rafin- and Escalante-C 1984). esque, 1820 and P. vigilax (Baird & Girard, 1853) were Loricariidae: Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (Weber, also documented as introduced species, possibly used 1991), P. multiradiatus (Hancock, 1828) and P. pardalis as bait by fishermen, but no recent records was found (Castelnau, 1855) have been recorded in Mexican fresh- (Contreras-Balderas, 1999). Notemigonus crysoleucas water environments and were apparently introduced (Mitchill, 1814) inhabits waters in the Rio Grande due to releases from farms or aquariums (Gozlan et al. basin, mainly in Tamaulipas. The only two records from 2010). These fishes were reported in Mexico since 1995 Lee et al. (1980) on the coast between California and in Presa Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Michoacán and recently Arizona are not enough to conclude that the species is Wakida-Kusunoki et al. (2007) mentioned that they are established. The remaining 11 species of Cyprinidae are distributed in Campeche, Chiapas and other localities exotic to the country, naturally from India, Sri Lanka of central and western Mexico. Although according to and China. Two of these species: Pethia conchonius Mendoza et al. (2008) the Pterygoplichthys specimens (Hamilton, 1822) and Puntius titteya (Deraniyagala, found in Mexico may represent a complex of six species 1929) were introduced for ornamental purposes and that have not been adequately addressed. Espinosa et al. their status is unknown, although Contreras-B and (2011) show how to diagnose two of these species from Escalante-C (1984) mentioned them as probably estab- Chiapas. From 1995 to date, this group has been fully lished in Nuevo Leon (northern Mexico), but no recent established and expanded their distribution in Mexican record has confirmed this information. However, a rivers and reservoirs. new record of P. conchonius was recently found in a dam Ictaluridae: Five species of this family have been in Guerrero (southern Mexico) and the specimen was introduced in Mexican water systems for aquaculture. deposited with the catalog number in CNPE-IBUNAM Ictalurus furcatus (Valenciennes, 1840) is distributed 20010. The other exotic cyprinids were introduced in the Atlantic coastal drainages from the Mississippi mainly by accidental releases of aquaculture (Ibáñez River to Guatemala, and also documented in the Pacific, et al. 2011) and are invading several water bodies in the Yaqui River and in the peninsula of Baja Califor- in the country. Species such as Abramis brama (Lin- nia, according to Contreras-B and Escalante-C (1984). I. naeus, 1758) and Megalobrama amblycephala Yih, 1955 punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818) is distributed in northern were introduced in the State of Mexico and their cur- Mexico in the Atlantic slope, and has been introduced rent distribution is unknown. Cyprinus carpio and its due to its intensive farming in many parts of the world. subspecies or varieties: Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, In Mexico it is known to occur in dams, lakes and riv- 1758), Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844), ers of central and northern Mexico, where it is fully Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) are established. Ameiurus melas (Rafinesque, 1820) andA. considered invasive species with a wide distribution natalis (Lesueur, 1819) do not occur naturally in Mex- in several water bodies, two new specimens of Hypo- ico, but they have been introduced in many rivers for phthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845) was recently aquaculture, where they have established according to captured in 2002 in the Laguna de San Antonio Rayon, Contreras-B and Escalante-C (1984) who reported them Tamaulipas, whereas Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richard- in different localities of the Rio Pánuco, Lerma-Santiago son, 1846), was reported by Contreras-Balderas (1999) and Balsas. Pylodictis olivaris (Rafinesque, 1818) is now as a farmed species without currently new records. established in the lower Rio Colorado basin, including Catostomidae: Carpiodes carpio (Rafinesque, 1820) parts of Baja California and Sonora (Miller et al. 2009). was reported by Hendrickson et al. (1980) in Presa The only voucher specimen is from northwestern Mexi- Novillo where it was extremely common in shallow areas co was captured in the junction of the Rio Colorado and in the early seventies. Its distribution is from Missis- Rio Hardy (Ruiz-Campos et al. 2012). sippi basin from Pennsylvania to Montana, south to the Salmonidae: There is no consensus about the number Gulf of Mexico drainages from the Mississippi River to of undescribed native species of this family in Mexico Mexico (Contreras-B and Escalante-C 1984), therefore (Hendrickson et al. 2002). The introduction ofSalveli - could be considered as translocated species, neverthe- nus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814) in the sixties in the State less its status is currently unknown. of Mexico was unsuccessful, and there are no recent Cobitidae: Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842) records of its establishment. Oncorhynchus mykiss from Asia is considered of high risk to the native Mexico (Walbaum, 1792) was introduced in several parts of the species, for its easy adaptation to almost any aquatic country, although part of its native distribution is in the environment and its high rate of depredation. In Mexico northwest of Mexico (Miller et al. 2009). This species is

Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 3 Volume 11 | Number 3 | Article 1627 Espinosa-Pérez and Ramírez | Exotic and invasive fishes in Mexico fully established in many mountain areas of the coun- There are other five species of this genus (G. hurtadoi try. Currently, the presence of the Brown Trout, Salmo Hubbs & Springer, 1957; G. panuco Hubbs, 1926; G. regani trutta Linnaeus, 1758 is known only from several farms Hubbs, 1926; G. senilis Girard, 1859 and G. speciosa Girard, in states of Mexico and Puebla. 1859) which have been translocated due to aquaculture Atherinopsidae: Nine species of this family were or accidental release; in most cases the current status translocated and introduced in different water environ- of invasion is unknown. Also it was found six species ments in the country, mainly to serve as fodder for other of the genus Poecilia (P. butleri Jordan, 1889; P. latipinna introduced species such as bass, catfish and trout. Only (Lesueur, 1821); P. latipunctata Meek, 1904; P. mexicana in some cases, Chirostoma sphyraena Boulenger, 1900 Steindachner, 1863 and P. reticulata Peters, 1860) five and C. estor Jordan, 1880 are used as food. These intro- of this species are native, and have been translocated ductions caused great inconvenience to taxonomists, from one system to another, mainly by aquarists and by who nowadays face several problems to determine government nutrition programs. Whereas the guppy (P. species such as hybridizations. Other species, such as reticulata Peters, 1859), is a native species from Guyana C. aculeatum Barbour, 1973, C. consocium, C. grandocule and Venezuela used as aquarium fish, is the most inva- (Steindachner, 1894), C. jordani Woolman, 1894, C. labar- sive exotic fish in the freshwater bodies of the central cae Meek, 1902, Membras martinica (Valenciennes, 1835) and southern Baja California Peninsula (Ruiz-Campos and Menidia beryllina (Cope, 1867) were introduced into et al. 2012). Heterandria bimaculata (Heckel, 1848) is water bodies in northern Mexico with unknown results originally restricted to the Atlantic slope, but currently of such introductions (Miller et al. 2009). it can be found in several localities in the Pacific slope, Fundulidae: Two species of this family, Fundulus mainly in the Balsas River basin the cause of its intro- zebrinus Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 and F. grandis Baird & duction is unknown although some authors mention Girard, 1853 have been recorded as introduced. Fundulus aquaculture or accidental releases as probable causes zebrinus was reported by Contreras-B and Escalante- (Contreras-Balderas 1999, Miller et al. 2009). The same C (1984) in three localities in the middle Rio Grande was observed for Poeciliopsis gracilis (Heckel, 1848), whereas Fundulus grandis is distributed in Veracruz and but the limits of its dispersion are known, although Tamaulipas, although in Nuevo Leon and Chihuahua it is thought to have hybridized with other species of could be present according Contreras-Balderas (2008). the genus (Courtenay and Maffe, 1989). Seven species Poeciliidae: Nineteen species are considered intro- of the genus Xiphophorus (X. couchianus (Girard, 1859); duced or translocated. Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard, X. gordoni Miller & Minckley, 1963; X. hellerii Heckel, 1853) is native from Mississippi River basin from central 1848; X. maculatus (Günther, 1866); X. meyeri Schartl & Indiana and Illinois, south through the Golfo de México Schröder, 1988 and X. variatus (Meek, 1904)) are spread drainages and northern Veracruz (Page and Burr 1991). in the water systems of the country due to aquarists, or It was introduced in different system waters since 1931 have been transported with cichlids at different sites of as part of a mosquito control program. The first place the country, as well as with Astyanax and Poecilia species where it was reported is in Arroyo San José, Baja Cali- (Espinosa et al. 2011). fornia by Miller and Hubbs (1954), later Ruiz-Campos et Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède, al. (2012) report it again in many localities of Baja Cali- 1803 was reported by Contreras-Balderas (2008) as an fornia, also it has been found mostly in some northern introduced fish. However its natural distribution is states of the country (Figure 1). between the towns showed in Table 1. Hence, more sur- veys are necessary to assess this information. Scorpaenidae: Only one species of this family, Pterois volitans (Linnaeus, 1758), native to the Indo-Pacific region, has been introduced into Mexican marine waters and are known to have invaded the Caribbean in Florida, where it was originally introduced. This species is a several threat to Caribbean reefs, where it has no natural competitors or predators (Betancur et al. 2011). Moronidae: The two species of this family recorded in Mexican water bodies are Morone chrysops (Rafinesque, 1820) and M. saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792), both native to the Atlantic coast of the United States belonging to the wildlife of the template American Atlantic. M. chrysops is native from Mississippi River and Ohio val- Figure 1. Traslocated distribution of Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia leys. Contreras-B and Escalante-C (1984) reported it in affinis) in northern country due to mosquito control programs. lower and middle Rio Grande also in Rio San Juan to Dr.

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Coss, Nuevo Leon, with aquaculture purpose and sport country. These are the cases of Cichlasoma urophthal- fishing, whereasM. saxatilis is natural from the coastal mus and Petenia splendida, spread further their natural drainages and littoral marine waters of the Atlantic, range of distribution in Chiapas and Oaxaca. Herichthys from St. Lawrence River in Canada to the south of St. cyanoguttatus was registered as traslocated by Contre- Johns River in Florida (Ross 2002). Contreras-Balderas ras-Balderas (2008), in different waters bodies. Some (1999) reported it in Rio Bravo and mentioned as causes authors mentioned that this species has already hybrid- of its introduction the aquaculture and sport fishing, ized with a native closely related species in Cuatro and Mendoza et al. (2011) mentioned that this species Cienegas, Coahuila, however this has not been well doc- are causing a several decrease in the native fishes of umented (Husley et al. 2003). Parachromis managuensis Laguna Madre because it is a voracious depredator. (Günther, 1867) and Parachromis motaguensis (Günther, Centrarchidae: Even though there are four native 1867) are native species from Central America and were species in this family particularly from the Rio Grande probably introduced to water bodies in the southeastern basin (Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque, 1819; L. macrochi- Mexico, and are now fully established in the Grijalva- rus Rafinesque, 1819; L. megalotis Rafinesque, 1819 and Usumacinta basin (Miller et al. 2009). Amatitlania Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802)), Sunfishes have nigrofasciata (Günther, 1867) is a native species from been introduced in the north of the country for different Central America including the Pacific slope from Rio reasons, but mainly as part of aquaculture projects. All Sucio and it is considered ornamental. Figure 2 shows introduced Centrarchidae species are known to be estab- some records of this fish in Mexico. It is established and lished, but the range of their distribution is unknown. widely disseminated throughout the country mainly in This is the case of the two species of Pomoxis (P. annularis the center and southeast of Mexico (Mendoza and Koleff Rafinesque, 1818 and P. nigromaculatus (Lesueur, 1829), 2014). Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864), O. mos- it is known that in Durango both species are completely sambicus (Peters, 1852), O. niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), dominant in rivers and dams causing several damages Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger, 1897), T. zillii (Gervais, 1848) on the native fishes (Garcia de León et al. 2005). and Hemichromis guttatus Günther, 1862 are African spe- Sparidae: In 2004, the transnational company Bio- cies introduced for aquaculture in Mexico. These species tecmar S.A. received permission from the Mexican have been progressively introduced in many freshwater environmental authorities to establish a commercial bodies of the country, both natural and artificial for culture of seabass in Bahía de La Paz, on the southwest- aquaculture and commercial catch. Its high capacity of ern side of the Gulf of California. In September 2005, competition for resources like space and food has caused instead of introducing seabass, the company introduced the displacement of native fishes as the case of Cyprin- odon macularius Baird & Girard, 1853, in the lower Rio at least 300,000 individuals of the gilt-head seabream Colorado basin of Baja California and Sonora (Varela- Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758. On 3 October 2007 an Romero et al. 2003). individual of S. aurata was captured in the wild during experimental fishing work in the Bahía de La Paz in the Golfo de California. This fish has invaded large areas of the Mar de Cortes due to its escape (Balart et al. 2008). Sciaenidae: Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque, 1819 was reported as introduced by Contreras-Balderas (2008).Its native distribution is along the Atlantic slope drainages in Mexico, for this reason the records in Coahuila and Nuevo Leon are considered to represent traslocation. Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1766) is a marine-estuarine species, distributed in the coastal area from Massachusetts to Veracruz, introduced in the Laguna of Términos in Campeche for fishing purposes. The establishment of the species in Laguna of Términos is unknown (Wakida-Kusunoki and Santos-Valencia 2008). Figure 2. Map of different records of Amatitlania nigrofasciata observed Cichlidae: Within this family there are more than 40 or captured in Mexico. native species in Mexico, of which Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther, 1862), Herichthys cyanoguttatus Baird DISCUSSION & Girard, 1854, Petenia splendida Günther, 1862, Rocio In this work we reported 104 introduced fish spe- octofasciata (Regan, 1903), Thorichthys ellioti Meek, 1904 cies in Mexico, grouped into 19 families and 59 genera, and Theraps pearsei (Hubbs, 1936) have been mentioned representing 3.76% of the fish diversity of the country as introduced or translocated to several localities of the according to Espinosa-Perez (2014). Of 104 introduced

Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 5 Volume 11 | Number 3 | Article 1627 Espinosa-Pérez and Ramírez | Exotic and invasive fishes in Mexico species, 62% are established with a wide distribution in A contribution of this work is the inclusion of the the country, such as the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Milkfish (Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775)) to the list and the Bream (Oreochromis and Tilapia), herein con- of introduced species of Mexico. This fish is a native sidered invasive. Forty two species are foreign, mainly species from the Indo-Pacific of the family Chanidae natural from Asian, European and North American, and even though it was previously reported by Castro- and the remaining is considered translocated species. Aguirre et al. (1999), it has not been considered officially Translocation is defined here as a native species from as an introduced species in Mexico. According to this a determined aquatic system in Mexico that has been author, this fish was introduced to North America by introduced in other localities, such as some cichlids and the end of the last century in the San Francisco estuary poecilids (Theraps pearsei, Rocio octofasciata, Amatitlania for aquaculture purposes or accidental releases from the nigrofasciata, and some species of the genera Poecilia and farms in the United States. The current inclusion of this Gambusia). species on the list is supported by specimens collected in Furthermore 20% of the species reported in this work coasts of Nayarit and deposited in the CNPE-IBUNAM are species of freshwater environments; this means (Table 1). that in the case of marine species, there is not enough Another contribution is that we report the presence information about the introduced species. Only the of the brown trout (Salmo trutta) in hatcheries of the Lionfish (Pterois volitans Linnaeus, 1758) is mentioned state of Mexico and Puebla. This species had only been to be widely spread in the coasts of the Golfo de Mexico reported by Hendrickson in the early 1980s near Yaqui and the Caribbean. There are many studies about the River in the north of Mexico, and was not mentioned in behavior, development, habits, genetic, effects on the any other publication. The specimens in which we base environment in which it is introduced or impact on our report were deposited in the Colección Nacional de native species about this fish. Currently its eradication Peces of the Instituto de Biología of UNAM with catalog is considered impossible or nearly impossible due to the number 18454 CNPE-IBUNAM. absence of natural depredators to control the population The purpose of the electronic resources is to be able of this species. One alternative is the implementation to follow up on the current situation of these species in the Mexican food of this fish, some institutions like through constant update of the data. The update is pos- Comision Nacional de Areas Protegidas (CONANP), sible with the help of researchers and people interested Secretaría del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales in fish introductions, and the contact with the Colección (SEMARNAT) and the Veracruz government compiled Nacional de Peces of the Instituto de Biología UNAM in a recipe book with the purpose of promoting the con- Mexico through the e-mail [email protected]. Data sent sumption of this fish in the local people and tourists. in for inclusion in the database must include the local- Of the total species reported in this work, 31.4% is rep- ity or the place where the fish was seen or collected, the resented mainly by four freshwater fishes, two of them exact geographic coordinates, and a clear photograph Asian natives (Cyprinus carpio and Oreochromis niloticus). showing the morphological characteristic of the fish. The Common carp (C. carpio) represent 10.68%, while With this information we will be able to determine if it Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) 7.71%, and Nile is a new record or not. Tilapia (O. niloticus) 7.61% and the Shortfin Molly (Poe- cilia mexicana) 5.4%. The first one is species used within ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS aquaculture purpose, it was found that this is the main We thank C. Lambarri and Armando Martínez, who cause of introduction (29%), moreover there are species helped to improve the map and the text, and J. Jiménez as the two others (M. salmoides and P. mexicana) that are and U. Melo that supported the construction of the web- used as ornamental fish or sport fishing purpose, these site to the database and CONABIO that support with causes represent 15% and 12% respectively. These are the general information about the list of introduced not the only introduction causes, it was found that the species. We also thank UNIBIO who helped the elabora- introduction of foraging species and accidental release tion of map and the electronic database. To all collectors also represents the 12%. Only four causes represent less and friends of the Institute of Biology CNPE, that has than 10% among them are reintroduction, it was the case helped to determine and collect specimens and data. To of Gila modesta (Garman,1881); with protection purpose the curators of ichthyological collections that has made like the case of G. orcuttii (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, available their databases. The editor and two reviewers 1890) and Siphateles bicolor (Girard, 1856) while Cteno- who helped with the improvement of the manuscript. pharyngodon idella and Gambusia affinis as mentioned were introduced with bait purpose (Contreras-Balderas LITERATURE CITED Balart, E.F., J.C. Pérez-Urbiola, L. Campos-Dávila, M. Monteforte 1999). There is no information about the introduction of and A. Ortega-Rubio. 2008. On the first record of a potentially the remaining species. Therefore, they were grouped in harmful fish,Sparus aurata in the Gulf of California. Biological the category “require to verify” on Table 1. invasions 11(3): 547–550 doi.: 10.1007/s10530-008-9269-3

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Betancur, R., A. Hines, A. Acero, G. Ortí, A.E. Wilbur and W. on 22 June 2013. Freshwater. 2011. Reconstructing the lionfish invasion into Hendrickson D.A., W.L. Minckley, R. R. Miller, D.J. Siebert and P.H. Greater Caribbean biogeography. Journal of Biogeography 38(7): Minckley. 1980. Fishes of the Rio Yaqui basin, Mexico and United 1281–1293. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02496.x States. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Sciences Castro-Aguirre, J.L., H. Espinosa-Pérez and J.J. Schmitter-Soto. 15(3): 65-106 (http://www.jstor.org/stable/40025038). 1999. Ictiofauna estuarina, lagunar y vicaria de México. Mexico Hendrickson D.A., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, W. Forbes, J.R. City: Limusa. 705 pp. Tomelleri, R.L. Mayden J.L. Nielsen, B. Jensen, G. Ruiz-Campos, CONABIO. 2008. Capital Natural de México, Vol I: Conocimiento R.A. Varela, A. Heinden, F. Camarena, F. García de León. 2002. actual de la Biodiversidad. México: CONABIO. 809 pp. Mexican native trouts: a review of their history and current Contreras-B, S. and M.A. Escalante-C. 1984. Distribution and systematic and conservation status. Reviews in Fish Biology and known impacts of exotic fishes in Mexico; pp. 102–130, in: W.R. Fisheries 12(2): 273-316 doi: 10.1023/A:1025062415188 Courtenay and J.R. Stauffer (eds.). Distribution, Biology and Hulsey, C.D., García-de-León, F.J., Sánchez-Johnson, Y., management of exotic fishes. Baltimore: The John Hopkins Hendrickson, D.A. and T.J. Near. 2004 Temporal diversification University Press. of Mesoamerican cichlid fishes across a major biogeographic Contreras-Balderas, S. 1999. Annotated checklist of introduced boundary. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31(2): 754–764 invasive fishes in México, with examples of some recent doi:. 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.08.024 introductions; pp. 31–52; in: R. Claudi and J.H. Leach (eds.). Ibáñez, A.L., H. Espinosa-Pérez and J.L. García-Calderón. 2011. Nonindigenous freshwater organisms: vectors, biology, and Datos recientes de la distribución de la siembra de especies impacts. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers. exóticas como base de la producción pesquera en aguas interiores Contreras-Balderas, S. 2008. Especies de peces introducidas en mexicanas. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 82(3): 904-914 aguas continentales de México. Catálogo manuscrito Base de doi: http://revistas.unam.mx/index.php/bio/article/view/27846 datos SNIB-CONABIO, Proyecto AE002, México. Accessed at Lee, D.S . C.R Gilbert, C.H. Hoccut, R. E. Jenkins, D.E. McAlister, and http://www.conabio.gob.mx/invasoras/index.php/Especies_ J.R. Stauffer, Jr (eds.). 1980. Atlas of North American Freshwater invasoras_-_Peces, August 2012. Fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Contreras-Balderas, S., G. Ruiz-Campos, J.J. Schmitter-Soto, Raleigh. 854 pp E. Díaz-Pardo, T. Contreras-McBeath, M. Medina-Soto, L. Mendoza, R., S. Contreras, C. Ramírez, P. Koleff, P. Álvarez, and V. Zambrano-González, A. Varela-Romero, R. Mendoza-Alfaro, Aguilar. 2008. Los Peces Diablo. Biocenosis 23(2): 16-19 C. Ramírez-Martínez, M.A. Leija-Tristán, P. Almada-Villela, Mendoza, R., N. Arreaga, J.E. Hérnandez, V. Segovia, I. Jasso and D. D.A. Hendrickson and J. Lyons. 2008. Freshwater fishes and Pérez. 2011. Aquatic invasive species in the Río Bravo/ Laguna water status in México: A country-wide appraisal. Aquatic Madre ecoregion. Commission for Environmental Cooperation. Ecosystem Health & Management 11(3): 246–256. doi: Montreal.Canadá.161pp 10.1080/14634980802319986 Mendoza, R. and P. Koleff. 2014. Especies acuáticas invasoras en Courtenay W.R. and G.K. Meffe. 1989. Small fishes in strange places México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la a review of introduced Poeciliids; pp. 319-331 in G. Meffe and F. F. Biodiversidad, México. 560 pp Snelson, Jr., (eds). Ecology and Evolution of Livebearing Fishes: Miller, R. R., and C.L. Hubbs. 1954 An erroneous record of the Poeciliidae. New Jersey, Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs. California killifish, Fundulus parvipinnis, from Cabo San Lucas, Escalante, M.A. and S. Contreras. 1985. Especies exóticas. Su Baja California. Copeia 1954(3): 234-235. doi:10.2307/1439216 distribución (trasfaunadas de sus ecosistemas nativos) en la Miller, R.R., W.L. Minckley, N.S. Mark, and M.H Gach. 2009. República Mexicana. Ciencias del Mar 2(7): 18-24. Peces dulceacuícolas de Mexico. Comisión Nacional para el Eschmeyer, W. N. and J. D. Fong. 2014. Catalog of fishes. California Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Mexico, D.F., 608 pp. Academy of Sciences. Accessed at http://researcharchive. National Science Foundation 2012. National Science Foundation calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp, Version 2012. Electronic Database accessible at http://www. 12 December 2014. fishnet2.org. Captured on 22 June 2012. Espinosa Pérez, H., Ma. T. Gaspar Dillanes and P. Fuentes Mata. Page, L. M. and B. M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes: 1993. Los Peces Dulceacuícolas Mexicanos.Listados Faunísticos North America/ North of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. de México. III. Instituto de Biología, UNAM., México City. 99 pp. 432 pp. http://vivanatura.org/peces%20dulceacuicolas.txt Page, L.M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N Lea, Espinosa-Pérez H., X. Valencia-Díaz and R. Rodiles–Hernández. N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden and J.S. Nelson. 2013. Common and 2011. Peces dulceacuícolas de Chiapas; pp. 401-475 in N.F. Álvarez Scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada and (ed.). Chiapas: Estudios sobre su diversidad biológica. México Mexico. Bethesda Maryland, American Fisheries Society, Special City: Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Publication 34, 383 pp. México. Ruiz-Campos G, S. Contreras-Balderas, A. Andreu-Soler, A. Espinosa-Pérez, H.S. 2014. Biodiversidad de peces en Mexico. Revista Varela-Romero and E. Campos. 2012. Lista comentada sobre la Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 84: 1–10.doi:10.7550/rmb.32264 distribución de peces dulceacuícolas exóticos de la península García de León F.J., D. Gutiérrez Tirado, D. Hendrickson and de Baja California, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad H. Espinosa Pérez. 2005. Fish of the continental waters of 83(1): 216-234 http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?pid=S1870- Tamaulipas: Diversity and conservation status; pp. 138-166 34532012000100025&script=sci_arttext in J.L. Carton, G. Ceballos and R.S. Felger (eds). Biodiversity, Ross, S. T. 2002. The Inland Fishes of Mississippi. University Press of ecosystem and conservation in Northern Mexico. New York City: Mississippi, Jackson. 736 pp. Oxford University Press. Salgado-Maldonado G. and R. Pineda-López. 2003. The Asian fish Gozlan, R.E, J.R Britton, I Cowx and G.H Copp. 2010. Current tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi: a potential threat to knowledge on non-native freshwater fish introductions. native freshwater fish species in Mexico. Biological Invasions Journal of Fish Biology 76 (4) 751-786. doi: 10.1111/j.1095- 5(3): 261-268. doi: 10.1023/A:1026189331093 8649.2010.02566.x Varela-Romero, A., G. Ruiz-Campos, L. M. Yépiz-Velázquez and J. GBIF 2012. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Version 2013. Alaníz-García. 2003. Distribution, habitat, and conservation Electronic Database accessible at http://www gbif org/. Captured status of desert pupfish Cyprinodon( macularius) in the Lower

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Colorado River basin, Mexico. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 12:157-165. doi:10.1023/A:1025006920052

Wakida-Kusunoki, A.T., R. Ruiz-Carus and E.A. Del Ángel. 2007. Continued Amazon sailfin catfish, Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) (Loricariidae), another exotic species established in southeastern Mexico. The Southwestern Naturalist 52(1): 141- 144. doi: 10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[141:ASCPPC]2.0.CO;2

Wakida-Kusunoki A.T. and J. Santos-Valencia. 2008. Primer consulted Resource Contreras-Balderas, (1999) Contreras-B Contreras- and Escalante-C (1984) et al. Castro-Aguirre 1999 2005 Monks et al. Contreras-B Contreras- and Escalante-C (1984) registro de corvineta ocelada Sciaenops ocellatus Linnaeus, 1766 (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) en Campeche, Mexico. Hidrobiológica 18(3):261-264. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_ arttext&pid=S0188-88972008000300010&lng=es. Wittenberg R. and M.J. Cock. 2001. Invasive alien species. A toolkit

of best prevention and Manegement practices. Wellingford, number Catalog CNPE-IBUNAM 10612 5707 CNPE-IBUNAM 5364 CNPE-IBUNAM available Without voucher available Without voucher Oxon, UK: CAB International. 228 pp. e

Author’s contribution statement: MR searched different Current status databases, made the figures and the Table 1, made the qualitative Ts SRV Ts e Ts Ts

analysis, wrote the text, and collaborated with the UNIBIO on the d map and the electronic database. HE-P contributed with the text. Cause Dp y Ac For y Ac For Com. NR Com Received: August 2014 Accepted: March 2015 Editorial responsibility: Manoela Marinho c Records Tam. Ver. Tam., Tab., Chih., NL., Oax., Qro., Coh., Son., Chih., NL., Oax., QR., SLP., Coh., Chis., BC., Camp., Ver. Tam., Tab., Gro. Oax., Chis., Son., Sin., Nay., NR Mich b Can, USA, Can, Mex USA and Mex NA Red Sea, Indic Ocean EUR and As Mex Distribution native Lognose Gar, catán catán Gar, Lognose aguja Shad Gizzard molleja sardina Shad Threadfin maya sardina Milkfish sabalote bream Freshwater carpa brama Chub Pátzcuaro acumara Common name Common (Linnaeus, 1758) osseus (Linnaeus, Lepisosteus 1818) (Lesueur, Dorosoma cepedianum 1867) Dorosoma (Günter, petenense 1775) Chanos chanos (Forsskål 1758) (Linnaeus, brama Abramis 1895 Algansea lacustris Steindachner, Scientific name a Lepisosteidae Clupeidae* Clupeidae* Chanidae* Cyprinidae* * Cyprinidae Family List of introduced and exotic species in Mexico and their distribution. Abbreviations of the country of native distribution: Afr- Africa; AS- Southamerica; Ar- Argentina; At -Atlantic; AtW- West Atlantic; Atlantic; West AtW- -Atlantic; At AS- Africa; Southamerica; Argentina; of the country distribution: Afr- Ar- and their distribution. of native species in Mexico Abbreviations and exotic 1. List of introduced Table México; Mex- Hon- Honduras; de México; GM- El Salvador; ESA- Golfo Gua- Guatemala; Eurasia; EuAs- of America; EUR- Europe; Rica; States United CRC- USA- Costa Canada, Can- Brazil; Bra- Belice; BIZ- Australia; Aus- Chiahuahua, (Sin) (Son) Sonora, (Chih) Sur, (BC) (BCS) Baja California in Mexico: of names the states Baja California, Abbreviations Venezuela. Ven- Northamerica;NA- Nic- Panama; Nicaragua; Indic; OI- Ocean Pan- Hidalgo, (Hgo) Queretaro, (Qro) Guanajuato, (Gto) (Jal) Jalisco, Aguascalientes, ( Ags) Nayarit, (Nay) Tamaulipas, (Tamp) Potosí, (SLP) San Luis (Zac) Zacatecas, León, (NL) Nuevo Coahuila, ( Coh) Sinaloa, (Dgo)Durango, Quintana (QR) Yucatán, (Yuc) Campeche, (Camp) Tabasco, (Tab) Chiapas, Oaxaca, (Chis) (Oax) Guerrero, (Gro) Veracruz, (Ver) Puebla, (Tlaxc)Tlaxcala, (Pue) (Mich)(Mor) Morelos, Colima, Michoacan, (Mex) Mexico, (Col) DSC- unknown, sportRe-record, reintroduced Dp, fish; NR- no aquaculture; AQ- Accidental, Ac- ornamental, Or- SRV- will verify, commercial, causes: Com- of the introduction Abbreviations Federal. (DF) Distrito Roo, but is necessaryverify . to I/SRV- introduced Ts-traslocated, I-introduced verification”; “Requieres SRV- “exotic”, in the country: status of the invasion Abbreviations e-

Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 8 Volume 11 | Number 3 | Article 1627 Espinosa-Pérez and Ramírez | Exotic and invasive fishes in Mexico Continued Resource consulted Resource 1999 Contreras-Balderas, 2008 Contreras-Balderas, and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) Ruiz-Campos 2012 and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) Contreras-Balderas (1999) and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) Contreras-B and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) Contreras-B and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) Contreras-Balderas Contreras-Balderas (1999) Contreras-Balderas Contreras-Balderas (1999) Contreras-Balderas (2008) INP (2012) Contreras-Balderas (1999) Contreras-Balderas (1999) Contreras-Balderas (2008) Contreras-Balderas (1999) and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) Contreras-Balderas (1999) Miller2009 ) et al.( Catalog number Catalog CNPE-IBUNAM 12483 2341 CNPE-IBUNAM 2048 CNPE-IBUNAM 5708 CNPE-IBUNAM 2325 CNPE-IBUNAM available Without voucher 800 UANL available Without voucher 2050 CNPE-IBUNAM Without available available Without voucher USON 0405 Without available available Without voucher Ichtiology TCWC 6403.02 2051 CNPE-IBUNAM available Without voucher 1623 UANL 7166 UANL 500 UANL 1932 UANL 5715 CNPE-IBUNAM 1459 UANL e Current status SRV e e Ts e I Ts I/SRV I/e e SRV e I/SRV I/SRV SRV e I Ts I/SRV Ts Ts d Cause Ac Com and Com Or Com and Com Or NR Pr Pr and Com TR Or Com NR NR and Com TR Com and Com Ot NR Ac Com and Com Ot Ot c Records NL., Tam, Son. NL., Tam, SLP., Coh., Tam., Mich., BC., Mex., Pue., Chih., Dgo., NL., Son., Oax., Mor., Gro., Jal., Gto., Nay., Qro., Hgo., DF. Tam., Son, Chih., Sin., Mich., SLP., Tab, Nay., Mex, Hgo, Tlax., Oax., Gto., Ver., Pue., Mor., Jal., NL., Coh., BC Tlax., Dgo., Tam.., Jal., Mor., Son., Chih., Pue., Gto., Qro., Oax., BCS., BC., Coh., Mich., Mex., Sin., NL., Gro., Nay. Zac., SLP., Ags., Gro., Qro., Hgo., BC Coh BC Mex., DfMich., Hgo., NL Chih., NL., Qro., Son., Tam. Son., Chih., NL., Qro., Hgo Chih., Coh., NL., Tam. NL., Chih., Coh., Hgo Mex. NL., Mex., Tam.., Tam. NL., Sin., Chih., Coh., Chih. Coh., Dgo., NL NL., Hgo Tam.., SLP., Son., Chih., Dgo., BC., Coh., Chih b Can, USA, Can, Mex China China USA and Mex China Texas Mex USA China and Rusia Sri Lanka USA and Mex Distribution native China Texas and Texas Mex China China and USA Can and Texas Mex and Texas Mex India y Mex Can USA and Mex Central Stoneroller Central del centro rodapiedras Gold Fish carpa dorada Carp Grass carpa hervibora Red Shiner carpita roja Carp Common carpa común Chub Tui carpita colibrí Saltillo Chub Chub Arroyo carpa arroyo Carp Silver carpa plateada Cherry Barb carmesí dardo River Carpsucker chato matalote Common name Common Bighead Carp carpa cabezona Speckled Chub carpa pecosa Wuchang Bream carpa de Wuchang Black Carp carpa negra Golden Shiner carpita dorada Shiner Texas carpita texana Chihuahua Shiner carpita chihuahuense Rosy Barb rosado dardo Minnow Fathead carpita cabezona Bullhead minnow carpita cabeza de toro Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque, Campostoma 1820) 1758) (Linnaeus, auratus Carassius Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) 1853) & Girard, (Baird lutrensis Cyprinella 1758 Linnaeus, carpio Cyprinus 1856) (Girard, Gila bicolor Gila modesta 1881) (Garman, (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, Gila orcuttii 1890) Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) Deraniyagala, 1929 Deraniyagala, titteya Puntius Carpiodes carpio (Rafinesque, 1820) carpio Carpiodes Scientific name Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845) (Girard, 1856) (Girard, aestivalis Macrhybopsis 1955 Yih, amblycephala Megalobrama Mylopharyngodon (Richardson, piceus 1846) crysoleucas 1814) (Mitchill, Notemigonus 1856) amabilis (Girard, Notropis 1892 Woolman, chihuahua Notropis 1822) (Hamilton, conchonius Pethia Rafinesque, 1820 promelas Pimephales 1853) & Girard, vigilax (Baird Pimephales a Cyprinidae * Cyprinidae * Cyprinidae * Cyprinidae * Cyprinidae * Cyprinidae * Cyprinidae * Cyprinidae * Cyprinidae * Cyprinidae Family * Cyprinidae Catostomidae * Catostomidae Cyprinidae * Cyprinidae Cyprinidae* Cyprinidae * Cyprinidae * Cyprinidae * Cyprinidae * Cyprinidae * Cyprinidae * Cyprinidae * Cyprinidae Table 1. Continued. Table

Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 9 Volume 11 | Number 3 | Article 1627 Espinosa-Pérez and Ramírez | Exotic and invasive fishes in Mexico Continued Ruiz-Campos et al. Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012) SEPESCA (1994) Martínez-Castro pers. 2013 comm. (1993) Espinosa et al. Contreras-Balderas Contreras-Balderas (1999) and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) Contreras-Balderas (2008) Resource consulted Resource and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) Sandoval-Huerta et al. (2012) et al. Wakida-Kusunoki (2007) and Wakida-Kusunoki del Ángel Amador (2008) and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012) Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012) Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012) Contreras-B and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) Escárcega-Rodríguez (1999) and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) Contreras-Balderas (2008) Contreras-Balderas (2008) Contreras-Balderas (2008) UABC 318 UABC CNPE-IBUNAM 10633 CNPE-IBUNAM 18454 available Without voucher UANL 2106 UANL CNPE-IBUNAM 13137 2390 CNPE-IBUNAM Catalog number Catalog available Without voucher CPUM 3602 available Without voucher available Without voucher 5703 CNPE-IBUNAM 661 UABC 591 UANL USON-0792 ENCB-IPN-P4663 5587 CNPE-IBUNAM ENCB-IPN- P580 CNPE-IBUNAM 10482 ENCB-IPN-P3921 2708 CNPE-IBUNAM e Current status Ts e I I Ts Ts Ts SRV e e e e Ts I/SRV Ts Ts Ts Ts Ts Ts Ts Ts d Cause Com Com Dp Com NR Ac Com SRV Com Or and Ac Or and Ac Or and Ac Com Com Com Com NR NR NR NR NR Com c Son, BC, Mex., Chih., Dgo., BCS., Chis., Gto., Gro., Hgo., Hgo., Gro., Gto., BCS., Chis., Son, BC, Mex., Chih., Dgo., Mich., NL., Oax., Pue. Mex Pue., Mich., Jal., Mor., Hgo., Mex., Gro., Chih., DF., Chis, Ver. Son., SLP., Qro., Mich., Jal., Chih., Gto., Cam., Coh., NL., QR., Tam.., Ver., Yuc. Ver., Tam.., NL., QR., Coh., Cam., Ver., Tam., Tab., NL., Coh., Chis., Camp., Chih., NL., Tam. Records Mex Cam, Mich, Tab Gro Mors, Cam, Mich, Tab NL. Tamp., Chih., Son., Coh., BC. Chih., Son., Coh., Son., Dgo., QR., Chis., Ver., NL., Tam., Oax., Tab., Chih., Cam. Coh., BC. NL., Chis., Tamp., Chih., Son., Coh., Coh., Son., BC., Dgo., Tam., Chih., NL., Chih., Dgo., Jal., Mich. Jal., Chih., Dgo., Ver. Tamp., NL., Pue., Mich., Jal., Mor., Chih., DF., Sin., SLP., Mich., NL., Pue., Mex., Hgo., DF., Chih., Coh., Ver. Hgo., Gro., Mex., Gto., Dgo., DF., Col., Chih., Coh., Ags., Tlax. Tam.., QR., Sin., Qto., Pue., Mich.,Jal., Mor., Mich. Jal., Gto., Chih., Dgo., NL Mich., Jal., Mor., Hgo., Dgo., Chih., Col., b Rusia EUR USA Mex Mex USA GM Cuba USA- Siberia and Bra Ven, Perú Gua Ar and Perú Bra Texas Can, and Mex and USA Can USA and Mex USA Can, and Mex USA and Mex Distribution native Mex Mex Mex Mex Mex Mex Rainbow Trout arcoiris Trucha Trout Brown café Trucha Trout Brook de arroyo Trucha Silverside Scowling cuchillo Charal Pejerrey rasposo Pejerrey Inland Silverside salado Plateadito Gulf Killifish del Panuco Sardinilla Oriental Weather Fish Oriental Weather oriental Pez rayado plecostoma del plecostoma Orinoco del plecostoma Amazonas Black Bullhead negro torito Bagre Bullh Yellow amarilloead Torito Blue Catfish azul Bagre Channel Catfish de canal Bagre Catfish Flathead cabeza plana Bagre Common name Common Ranch Silverside de rancho Charal Silverside Pike blanco Pescado Silverside Bigeye de lago Charal Mesa Silverside charale Sharpnose Silverside de la Barca Charal Silverside Bigmouth barracuda Charal Rough Silverside Oncorhynchus mykiss (Jordan, 1892) Oncorhynchus 1758 Salmo trutta Linaeus, 1914) fontinalis (Mitchill, Salvelinus 1973 aculeatum Barbour, Chirostoma (Cope, 1867) Menidia beryllina (Cope, 1853 & Girard, Baird grandis Fundulus (Cantor, 1842) (Cantor, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (Weber, 1991) (Hancock, Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus 1828) (Castelnau, Pterygoplichthys pardalis 1855) Ameiurus melas (Rafinesque, 1820) 1819) Ameiurus natalis (Lesueur, (Valenciennes, 1840) Ictalurus furcatus Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818) Pylodictis (Rafinesque, 1818) olivaris Scientific name Jordan & Hubbs, & Hubbs, Jordan consocium Chirostoma 1919 1880 Jordan, estor Chirostoma (Steindachner, grandocule Chirostoma 1894) 1894 Woolman, jordani Chirostoma Meek, 1902 labarcae Chirostoma 1900 Boulenger, sphyraena Chirostoma martinica (Valenncienes,Membras 1835) a Salmonidae * Salmonidae Salmonidae * Atherinopsidae Atherinopsidae Fundulidae Cobitidae * Loricariidae * Loricariidae * Loricariidae Ictaluridae * Ictaluridae * Ictaluridae * Ictaluridae * Ictaluridae * Family Atherinopsidae Atherinopsidae Atherinopsidae Atherinopsidae Atherinopsidae * Atherinopsidae * Atherinopsidae Table 1. Continued. Table

Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 10 Volume 11 | Number 3 | Article 1627 Espinosa-Pérez and Ramírez | Exotic and invasive fishes in Mexico Continued Contreras-Balderas Contreras-Balderas (1999) Contreras-Balderas (2008) Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012) Miller(2009) et al. Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012) Contreras-Balderas (2008) Contreras-Balderas (1999) Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012) Contreras-Balderas (2008) Resource consulted Resource Contreras-Balderas (1999) and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) Contreras-Balderas (1999) and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) Contreras-Balderas (1999) Contreras-Balderas (2008) Contreras-Balderas (2008) Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012) Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012) Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012) CNPE-IBUNAM 098 CNPE-IBUNAM CNPE-IBUNAM 10572 CNPE-IBUNAM 10547 available Without voucher 2351 CNPE-IBUNAM 7405 UANL available Without voucher 1248 CNPE-IBUNAM available Without voucher Catalog number Catalog 6884 UANL 127 CNPE IBUNAM 7192 UANL FISH 97527 6776 UANL 1748 UANL 1675 UANL 082 CNPE-IBUNAM CNPE-IBUNAM 11772 077 CNPE-IBUNAM e Ts Ts e Ts I Ts Ts Ts Ts Ts Current status SRV Ts Ts Ts Ts Ts Ts Ts Ts d Or Ac DSC Ac DSC Ac Ac Or SRV Or Cause Com Com Ac NR Ac SRV SRV SRV Or c Mex, Tam., Hgo., Ver., SLP., Pue. SLP., Ver., Hgo., Tam., Mex, Mich., Jal., Mor., Hgo., Gro., Gto., Coh., Chis., Camp., Tab., Sin., Son., QR., SLP., Qro., NL., Oax., Pue., Nay., Yuc. Tlax., Ver., Tam., Mich., Jal., Hgo., Gro., Mex., Gto., BC., BCS., Coh., Ags., Yuc. Ver., SLP., Qro., NL., Oax., Pue., Nay., Mor., Tam., Tab., SLP., Oax., Qro., Mex., Mor., Hgo., Gro., Chis., Ver., Gto., Dgo., DF., Col., Coh., Chis., BC., BCS., Camp., Ags., Qro., NL., Oax., Pue., Nay., Mex., Mich., Mor., Hgo., Gro., Ver. Tam., Tab., Son., QR., SLP., NL., Coh NL., Coh Jal., Hgo., Gro., Gto., Dgo., DF., Coh., Chis., BC., Camp., Ver. Tab., NL., Oax., QR., SLP., Mich., Mor., Coh NL., Nay., Mich., Jal., Mor., Chis., Coh., BCS., Camp., Ver., Oax., Tam., QR:, Tabs., Records Chih., NL Coh Chih Ver Tam., Tab., SLP., NL., Qro., Hgo., Coh., Chih. Chih., Tam. Dgo., Tam. NL., Chih., Coh., Oax., Sin., Nay., Mich., Jal., Mor., Chih., Ch., Gro., Chis., Son Ver., Tam., Tab., Son., NL., Oax., SLP., Chis., BC. Camp., Yuc. b AGM Mex, Texas, Gua, CRC AS and At Mex - Hon Mex, Biz, Hon, Gua AGM Mex Mex, Biz, Hon, Gua Mex Biz, Gua USA and Mex USA and Mex Mex Mex Mex and Texas Mex and Texas Mex Mex - Pan USA and Mex Distribution native Tamesí Molly Tamesí del Tamesi Topote Shortfin Molly del Atlantico Topote Guppy Livebearer Porthole Jaroicho Guatapote Spottail Killifish Platyfish Monterrey Espada de Monterrey Ciénegas Cuatro Platyfish Espada de Cuatro Ciénegas Swordtai Green de espada Cola Marbled Swordtail espada de Muzquiz Southern Platyfish Espada del sureste Plains KillifishPlains cebra Sardibilla Mosquitofish Western mosquito Guayacón Gambusia Crescent de Hacienda guayacón de Dolores Gambusia Pánuco del panuco Guayacon Gambusia Forlón del Forlon Guayacón GambusiaBlotched del Bravo Guayacón Gambusia Tex-Mex de Nuevo Guaycón León Molly Pacific del pacifico Topote Sailfin Molly negro velo topote Common name Common Meek, 1904 Steindachner, 1863 Steindachner, mexicana Poecilia 1859 Peters, reticulata Poecilia 1848) (Heckel, gracilis Poeciliopsis bimaculatus (Heckel, Pseudoxiphophorus 1848) 1859) (Girard, Xiphophorus couchianus Miller Xiphophorus gordoni & Minckley, 1963 1848 Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel, SchartlXiphophorus meyeri & Schröder, 1988 1866) Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, Jordan & Gilbert, Jordan zebrinus 1883 Fundulus 1853) Gambusia & Girard, affinis (Baird Gambusia hurtadoi Hubbs & Springer, 1957 1926 Hubbs, Gambusia panuco 1926 Gambusia Hubbs, regani 1859 Gambusia senilis Girard, 1859 Gambusia speciosa Girard, 1889 butleri Jordan, Poecilia 1821) latipinna (Lesueur, Poecilia latipunctata Poecilia Scientific name a Poeciliidae Poeciliidae Poeciliidae Poeciliidae Poeciliidae Poeciliidae Poeciliidae Poeciliidae Poeciliidae Fundulidae Poeciliidae Poeciliidae Poeciliidae Poeciliidae Poeciliidae Poeciliidae Poeciliidae Poeciliidae Poeciliidae Family Table 1. Continued. Table

Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 11 Volume 11 | Number 3 | Article 1627 Espinosa-Pérez and Ramírez | Exotic and invasive fishes in Mexico Continued Contreras-Balderas Contreras-Balderas (2008) Wakida-Kusunoki and Wakida-Kusunoki (2008) Santos-Valencia Ruiz-Campos et al. Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012) Contreras-Balderas (2008) Contreras-Balderas (2008) Contreras-Balderas (2008) Contreras-Balderas (2008) and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012) Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012) Balart (2008) et al. Resource consulted Resource Contreras-Balderas (1999) Contreras-Balderas (2008) (2010) et al. Aguilar Contreras-Balderas (1999) Contreras-Balderas (1999) and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012) Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012) Without available available Without voucher ECOSC 5595 ECOSC CNPE-IBUNAM 7032 CNPE-IBUNAM 6823 UANL KUI 2989 6103 UANL available Without voucher available Without voucher CNPE-IBUNAM 15775 CNPE-IBUNAM 15561 067 CNPE-IBUAM CIBN 4336 Catalog number Catalog 7572 CNPE-IBUNAM 4597 CNPE-IBUNAM 1466 CIR-UADY 6016 UANL 5610 UANL FISH 208261 available Without voucher CNPE-IBUNAM 12596 1051 UABC e Current status SRV Ts Ts I/SRV I Ts I I I Ts I e Ts SRV e I SRV SRV I/SRV SRV e d Ac Cause Com/ For Com/ For For For For Dp Dp Dp Dp Com SRV Or SRV Com Ac Dp and Ac Dp and For For For For c Camp Ags., BC., Chih., Coh., DF., Dgo., Gto., Gro., Hgo, Jal., Jal., Hgo, Gro., Gto., Dgo., DF., BC., Chih., Coh., Ags., Ver., Tam., Son., SLP., Qro., NL., Pue., Nay., Mex., Mor., Zac. Chih NL., Son Dgo., Chih., Coh., BC., Son., Tam. NR NL Coh., Jal., Hgo., Gro., Gto., Dgo., Chih., Coh., Chis., Bc., Ags., Sin., Son., SLP., Qro., NL., Pue., Nay., Mex., Mich., Mor., Zac. Ver., Tam., Tam. NL., Son., BC, Dgo., Tam. BC., Son., Dgo., GC NL., Coh., Records DF., Gto., Jal., Mor., NL., Pue., SLP., Son., Tam., Ver. Tam., Son., SLP., NL., Pue., Mor., Jal., Gto., DF., Coh., NL., Tam. Yuc Tam., NL., Coh., Chis., BC. Chih., Coh., Chih Coh. Tam., Mor., Son., NL., SLP., Mex., Mor., Gto., Chih., Dgo., BC., Coh., Zac. Tam., Zac Tam., NL., BC., Coh., Ags., b USA and Mex Can-Mex USA USA and Mex USA USA and USA Can USA and USA Can USA EUR - Gua Can Mex USA y Mex OI and Aus USA Can, NA and USA Can and USA Can USA, Can, and Mex USA Distribution native Red Drum Corvineta ocelada Mojarra oreja azule Mojarra oreja Dollar Sunfish dólar sol Pez Sunfish Longear Mojarra orejona Redear Sunfish roja Mojarra oreja Sunfish Spotted sol manchado Pez Smallmouth Bass lobina Bass Largemouth negra Lobina Crappie White blanca Carpita Black Crappie negra mojarra Gilthead seabream dorada Drum Freshwater Roncador de agua dulce Variable Platyfish Variable Espada de Valles Sheepshead Minnow Bolin petota Red Lion Fish león Pez Bass White blanca Lobina Striped Bass estriada Lobina Rock Bass de roca Lobina Sunfish Redbreast Mojarra pecho rojo Sunfish Green sol Pez Warmouth Mojarra golosa Bluegill Common name Common Linnaeus, 1766 Sciaenops Linnaeus, ocellatus Lepomis marginatus (Holbrook, 1855) marginatus Lepomis megalotis (Rafinesque, 1820) Lepomis 1859) (Günther, microlophus Lepomis punctatus (Valenciennes, 1831) Lepomis 1802 dolomieu Lacepède, Micropterus 1802) salmoides (Lacepède, Micropterus Rafinesque, 1818 annularis Pomoxis 1829) (Lesueur, nigromaculatus Pomoxis 1758 Linnaeus, Sparus aurata Aplodinotus Rafinesque, 1819 grunniens, Xiphophorus variatus (Meek,Xiphophorus variatus 1904) 1803 Lacepède, variegatus Cyprinodon 1758) (Linnaeus, volitans Pterois chrysopsMorone (Rafinesque, 1820) (Walbaum, saxatilis 1792) Morone Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque, 1817) 1758) auritus (Linnaeus, Lepomis Rafinesque, 1819 cyanellus Lepomis 1829) gulosus (Cuvier, Lepomis Rafinesque, 1819 macrochirus Lepomis Scientific name a Sciaenidae * Centrarchidae Centrarchidae Centrarchidae Centrarchidae Centrarchidae * Centrarchidae * Centrarchidae Centrarchidae Sparidae * Sciaenidae Poeciliidae Cyprinodontidae Scorpaenidae * * Moronidae * Moronidae Centrarchidae Centrarchidae Centrarchidae Centrarchidae * Centrarchidae Family Table 1. Continued. Table

Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 12 Volume 11 | Number 3 | Article 1627 Espinosa-Pérez and Ramírez | Exotic and invasive fishes in Mexico Resource consulted Resource Contreras-Balderas (1999) and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) and Contreras-Balderas (2003) Ludow Contreras-Balderas (1999) and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) (1993) Espinosa et al. (1993) Espinosa et al. Contreras-Balderas (1999) Contreras-Balderas (1999) and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) and Contreras-B Escalante-C (1984) Contreras-Balderas (1999) Contreras-Balderas (2008) Contreras-Balderas, (1999) Ruiz-Campos et al. (2012) Catalog number Catalog 105 CNPE-IBUNAM CNPE-IBUNAM 10582 15389 UANL 102 CNPE-IBUNAM CNPE-IBUNAM 11832 CNPE-IBUNAM 10287 094 CNPE-IBUNAM UMMZ 223246 8886 CNPE-IBUNAM 8949 CNPE-IBUNAM CNPE-IBUNAM 10202 8961 CNPE-IBUNAM FISH 29019 9082 CNPE-IBUNAM 1299 UABC e Current status I I e I e e e SRV SRV SRV Ts SRV Ts E E d Cause Or Com Com Or Com Com Com Ac/AQ Ac/AQ Com Com Com Com Com Com c Records Mich., Mor., Hgo Mich., Mor., Yuc. Ver., Tab., Mich., Chis., Oax., QR., Camp., Coh., NL., Pue., Mor., Hgo., Gro., Chih., Coh., BCS., Chis., Ver. Tam., Tab., Qrto., SLP., Gto., Dgo., DF., Col., Chih., Coh., BC., BCS., Chis., Ags., SLP., NL., Oax., Qro., Mich., Jal., Mex., Mor., Hgo., Gro. Ver. Tam., Sin., Tab., Jal., Hgo., Gro., Gto., Dgo., Chih., Col., Coh., BC., Chis., Sin., SLP., Qrto., Oax., Pue., Nay., Mich., Mex., Mor., Ver. Tam., Son., Tab., Mich., Jal., Mex., Mor., Hgo., Gro., Chis., BCS., Camp., Ver. Oax., SLP., Nay., Tab., Jal., Chis., Camp., Camp Tab., Ver. Tab., Oax., QR., Chis., Camp., Yuc Ver., Tab., Oax., QR., Mor., Chis., Camp., Tab. Oax., Chis., Camp., Ver. Tab., Oax., QR., Chis., Camp., Ver. Tab., Mich., Oax., Sin., Hgo., Chis., BC., BCS., Sin., Son., b CRC, ESA, Gua, Hon, Nic, Pan Biz Gua, Hon, Mex and Nic Afr USA y Mex and Afr EuAs Afr Afr CRC ESA, Gua, Hon Mex, Gua, Biz Mex-Hon Mex and Gua Mex Afr and EuAs Afr Distribution native Convict cichlid Convict Mojarra convicto Mexican Mojarra Mojarra mexicana Jewelfish Spotted joya Pez Rio Cichlid Grande Mojarra del norte Blue Tilapia azul Tilapia Tilapia Mozambique de Mozambique Tilapia tilapia del Tilapia Nile Nilo Jaguar Guapote Mojarra de Managua Motagua Cichlid Mojarra de Motagua Cichlid Giant tenguayaca Jack Dempsey Mojarra castarrica Cichlid Pantano Mojarra zacateca Cichlid Spotcheek chescla tilapia Redbreast pecho rojo Tilapia Redbelly Tilapia panza roja Tilapia Common name Common (Günther, 1867) (Günther, Amatitlania nigrofasciata 1862) (Günther, Cichlasoma urophthalmus 1862 guttatus Günther Hemichromis & Girard, Baird cyanoguttatus Herichthys 1854 1864) (Steindachner, aureus Oreochromis 1852) mossambicus (Peters, Oreochromis 1758) niloticus (Linnaeus, Oreochromis 1867) managuensis (Günther, Parachromis 1867) motaguensis (Günther, Parachromis 1862. splendida Günther, Petenia Rocio (Regan, octofasciata 1903) 1936) pearsei (Hubbs, Theraps ellioti (Meek,Thorichthys 1904) 1897) (Boulenger, rendalli Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848) Tilapia Scientific name a Cichlidae Cichlidae * Cichlidae * Cichlidae * Cichlidae * Cichlidae * Cichlidae Cichlidae Cichlidae Cichlidae Cichlidae Cichlidae * Cichlidae * Cichlidae * Cichlidae Family * suggest exotic species from other countries. species from * suggest exotic Table 1. Continued. Table

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