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Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Status for the Northern Mexican Gartersnake and Narrow-Headed Gartersnake; Final Rule

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Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Status for the Northern Mexican Gartersnake and Narrow-Headed Gartersnake; Final Rule Vol. 79 Tuesday, No. 130 July 8, 2014 Part II Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Status for the Northern Mexican Gartersnake and Narrow-Headed Gartersnake; Final Rule VerDate Mar<15>2010 18:23 Jul 07, 2014 Jkt 232001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\08JYR2.SGM 08JYR2 tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES2 38678 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 130 / Tuesday, July 8, 2014 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR telephone: 602–242–0210; facsimile: collectively as ‘‘harmful nonnative 602–242–2513. species.’’ Large-scale wildfires and land Fish and Wildlife Service FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: uses that divert, dry up, or significantly Steve Spangle, Field Supervisor, U.S. pollute aquatic habitat have also been 50 CFR Part 17 Fish and Wildlife Service, Arizona found to be significant threats. Ecological Services Field Office, 2321 Collectively, these threats have [Docket No. FWS–R2–ES–2013–0071: West Royal Palm Road, Suite 103, adversely affected gartersnake 4500030113] Phoenix, AZ 85021; telephone: 602– populations, and most of their native prey species, such that the gartersnakes’ RIN 1018–AY23 242–0210; facsimile: 602–242–2513. Persons who use a telecommunications resiliency, redundancy, and Endangered and Threatened Wildlife device for the deaf (TDD) may call the representation across their ranges have and Plants; Threatened Status for the Federal Information Relay Service been significantly compromised. Northern Mexican Gartersnake and (FIRS) at 800–877–8339. Peer review and public comment. We sought comments from independent Narrow-Headed Gartersnake SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: specialists to ensure that our AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Executive Summary designation is based on scientifically Interior. Why we need to publish a rule. Under sound data, assumptions, and analyses. ACTION: Final rule. the Endangered Species Act, a species We invited these peer reviewers to may warrant protection through listing comment on our listing proposal. We SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and if it is endangered or threatened also considered all other comments and Wildlife Service (Service), determine throughout all or a significant portion of information received during the threatened species status under the its range. Listing a species as an comment period on the proposed listing Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Act), endangered or threatened species rule. All comments are available at as amended, for the northern Mexican requires issuing a rule. This rule will http://www.regulations.gov (Docket No. gartersnake (Thamnophis eques finalize the listing of the northern FWS–R2–ES–2013–0071). megalops) and the narrow-headed Mexican gartersnake (Thamnophis Previous Federal Action gartersnake (Thamnophis eques megalops) and narrow-headed Please refer to the proposed listing rufipunctatus), native species from gartersnake (Thamnophis rufipunctatus) Arizona and New Mexico in the United rule for the northern Mexican as threatened species, initiated with our gartersnake and narrow-headed States. We also finalize a rule under proposed listing rule published on July authority of section 4(d) of the gartersnake (78 FR 41500; July 10, 2013) 10, 2013 (78 FR 41500), and finalize a for a detailed description of previous Endangered Species Act of 1973, as rule under authority of section 4(d) of amended (Act), that provides measures Federal actions concerning this species. the Act that provides measures that are We will also be finalizing the that are necessary and advisable to necessary and advisable to provide for provide for the conservation of the designation of critical habitat for the the conservation of the northern northern Mexican gartersnake and northern Mexican gartersnake. Both Mexican gartersnake. species are listed as threatened narrow-headed gartersnake in a separate The basis for our action. Under the rule in the future. Information regarding throughout their range, which, for the Endangered Species Act, we can northern Mexican gartersnake, also designation of critical habitat for these determine that a species is an species is available at http:// includes the Mexican states of Sonora, endangered or threatened species based Chihuahua, Durango, Coahuila, www.regulations.gov (Docket No. FWS– on any of five factors: (A) The present R2–ES–2013–0022). Zacatecas, Guanajuato, Nayarit, Hidalgo, or threatened destruction, modification, Jalisco, San Luis Potosı´, Aguascalientes, or curtailment of its habitat or range; (B) Background ´ Tlaxacala, Puebla, Mexico, Veracruz, Overutilization for commercial, ´ Northern Mexican Gartersnake and Queretaro. The effect of this recreational, scientific, or educational regulation will be to add these species purposes; (C) Disease or predation; (D) Subspecies Description to the lists of Endangered and The inadequacy of existing regulatory The northern Mexican gartersnake Threatened Wildlife and Plants. mechanisms; or (E) Other natural or ranges in color from olive to olive- DATES: This rule becomes effective manmade factors affecting its continued brown or olive-gray with three lighter- August 7, 2014. existence. We have determined that colored stripes that run the length of the ADDRESSES: This final rule is available predation from and competition with body, the middle of which darkens on the internet at http:// nonnative species such as bass toward the tail. This species may www.regulations.gov (Docket No. FWS– (Micropterus sp.), flathead catfish inhabit the same area as other native R2–ES–2013–0071) and http:// (Pylodictis sp.), channel catfish gartersnake species and can be difficult www.fws.gov/southwest/es/arizona. (Ictalurus sp.), Chihuahuan catfish for people without specific expertise to Comments and materials we received, as (Ictalurus chihuahua), bullheads identify. The snake may reach a well as supporting documentation we (Ameiurus sp.), sunfish (Lepomis sp.), maximum known length of 44 inches used in preparing this rule, are available and crappie (Pomoxis sp.), brown trout (in) (112 centimeters (cm)). The pale for public inspection at http:// (Salmo trutta), American bullfrogs yellow to light-tan lateral (side of body) www.regulations.gov. All of the (Lithobates catesbeiana), and crayfish stripes distinguish the northern comments, materials, and (northern (virile) crayfish (Orconectes Mexican gartersnake from other documentation that we considered in virilis) and red swamp crayfish sympatric (co-occurring) gartersnake this rulemaking are available by (Procambarus clarkia)) are the most species because a portion of the lateral appointment, during normal business significant threat affecting these stripe is found on the fourth scale row, hours at: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, gartersnakes across their range. while it is confined to lower scale rows Arizona Ecological Services Field Throughout the remainder of this final for other species. Paired black spots Office, 2321 West Royal Palm Road, rule, the nonnative species identified extend along the olive dorsolateral Suite 103, Phoenix, AZ 85021; immediately above will be referred to fields (region adjacent to the top of the VerDate Mar<15>2010 18:23 Jul 07, 2014 Jkt 232001 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\08JYR2.SGM 08JYR2 tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES2 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 130 / Tuesday, July 8, 2014 / Rules and Regulations 38679 snake’s back) and the olive-gray Habitat and Natural History activity was undetermined for 20 ventrolateral fields (region adjacent to Throughout its rangewide percent of the telemetry observations the area of the snake’s body in contact distribution, the northern Mexican (Boyarsky 2013, pers. comm.); at with the ground). The scales are keeled gartersnake occurs at elevations from Tavasci Marsh along the upper Verde (possessing a ridge down the center of 130 to 8,497 feet (ft) (40 to 2,590 meters River, they were inactive 60 percent of each scale). A more detailed subspecies (m)) (Rossman et al. 1996, p. 172) and the time (Emmons 2013b, pers. comm.). description can be found in our is considered a ‘‘terrestrial-aquatic In the northern-most part of its range, September 26, 2006 (71 FR 56227), or generalist’’ (Drummond and Marcı´as- the northern Mexican gartersnake November 25, 2008 (73 FR 71788) 12- Garcı´a 1983, pp. 24–26). The northern appears to be most active during July month findings for this subspecies, or Mexican gartersnake is a riparian and August, followed by June and by reviewing Rosen and Schwalbe obligate (generally found in riparian September (Emmons and Nowak 2013, (1988, p. 4), Rossman et al. (1996, pp. areas when not engaged in dispersal, p. 14). Northern Mexican gartersnakes 171–172), Ernst and Ernst (2003, pp. gestation, or hibernation behaviors) and may use different sites as hibernacula 391–392), or Manjarrez and Garcia occurs chiefly in the following general during a single cold-season and will (1993, pp. 1–5). habitat types: (1) Small, often isolated bask occasionally (Emmons 2014, pers. wetlands (e.g., cienegas (mid-elevation comm.). Taxonomy Although considered a highly aquatic wetlands with highly organic, reducing The northern Mexican gartersnake species, the northern Mexican (basic or alkaline) soils), or stock tanks (Thamnophis eques megalops) is a gartersnake uses terrestrial habitat for (small earthen impoundment)); (2) large- member of the family Colubridae and hibernation (Young and Boyarski 2012b, subfamily Natricinae (harmless live- river
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