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AMMA-JMVH-April-2017 Volume 25 Number 2 April 2017 Journal of Military and Veterans’ Health Futuristic Utilization of Tactical Night Vision Goggles in Darkness by Combat Medics RY ME A DI IT C L I Reach, Accessibility and Effectiveness of an Online Self-guided Wellbeing Website I N M E A N S A I S O S A C L I A Serum Level of Nutritional Antioxidants are Decreased in Veteran Smokers with COPD A T R I T O S N U A IN C. The Journal of the Australasian Military Medicine Association Medibank’s Garrison Health Services Delivering a national, integrated healthcare service to the Australian Defence Force Through Medibank’s extensive network, Garrison Health Services provides seamless access to quality healthcare for the 60 000+ permanent and 20 000+ reservist uniformed ADF personnel— from point of injury or illness to recovery. The health of the ADF is central to everything we do. medibankhealth.com.au/garrisonhealthservices Image courtesy of Dept of Defence Table of Contents Commentary Futuristic Utilization of Tactical Night Vision Goggles in Darkness by Combat Medics 6 Original Article Reach, Accessibility and Effectiveness of an Online Self-guided Wellbeing Website for the Military Community 8 Incidence Rates for Work Health and Safety Incidents and Injuries in Australian Army Reserve vs Full Time Soldiers, and a Comparison of Reporting Systems 16 Serum Level of Nutritional Antioxidants are Decreased in Veteran Smokers with COPD 26 Review Article Military Effectiveness of Five Dietary Supplements Purported to Aid Cognitive and Physical Performance 35 History Australian Malariology During World War II (Part 3 of ‘Pioneers of Australian Military Malariology’) 48 ‘A Near-Run Thing’: The Foundation and Early Years of 1 Malaria Research Laboratory, Forerunner of the Australian Army Malaria Institute, 1963–1969 (Part 4 of ‘Pioneers of Australian Military Malariology’) 69 Correction: In JMVH Vol 25:1 the following authors were inadvertently omitted from the article titled ‘Application of Clinical Governance in a Role 2E Hospital: The 2nd General Health Battalion Experience’: A Williams and B McCall The online edition has since been updated and we would like to offer our sincere apologies for any inconvenience this may have caused the authors Front cover: Ambulance arrives at 2GHB, Exercise Hamel 16, Cultana Photo Courtesy of Murray Hayes Volume 25 Number 2; April 2017 Journal of Military and Veterans’ Health EDITORIAL BOARD CDRE Andy Robertson, CSC, PSM (Editor in Chief) Associate Professor Martin Richardson (Deputy Editor) Maj Gen Prof Dr Mohd Zin Bidin (Ret’d) BRIG Anne Campbell Dr Ian De Terte CDRE Michael Dowsett Dr Helen Kelsall COL Prof Peter Leggat, AM Benjamin Mackie Dr Mike O’Connor Tyler C Smith, MS, PhD Dr Darryl Tong Australasian Military Medicine Association PATRON STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES RADM Jenny Firman The Australasian Military Medicine Association is an Surgeon General Australian Defence Force Reserves independent, professional scientific organisation of health professionals with the objectives of: COUNCIL • Promoting the study of military medicine President Dr Greg Mahoney • Bringing together those with an interest in military medicine Vice President Dr Nader Abou-Seif • Disseminating knowledge of military medicine Secretary Dr Janet Scott • Publishing and distributing a journal in military Treasurer GPCAPT Geoff Robinson medicine Council Members CDRE Andrew Robertson • Promoting research in military medicine Dr Peter Peters Membership of the Association is open to doctors, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, paramedics and Dr Peter Hurly anyone with a professional interest in any of the Rachelle Warner disciplines of military medicine The Association is Public Officer Ms Paula Leishman totally independent of the Australian Defence Force JMVH is published by the Australasian Military Medicine Association 113 Harrington Street Hobart Tas 7000 Australia Ph: +61 3 62347844 Email: editorial@jmvhorg ISSN No. 1835-1271 Journal of Military and Veterans’ Health Editorial Kokoda Trail seventy-five years on The Kokoda Trail is a single-file path that runs 96 Our second issue of 2017 addresses a range of diverse kilometres overland between Port Moresby and Kokoda areas There is a focus on health issues within the through the Owen Stanley Range in Papua New serving military, with articles on use of night vision Guinea Following a landing near Gona on the north goggles by medics, online mental health support, coast of New Guinea, on the night of 21 July 1942, injury rates in full-time and reserve soldiers, and the Japanese forces attempted to advance south overland military effectiveness of dietary supplements There is to seize Port Moresby Between July and November also an article on the effects of smoking in veterans 1942, a series of battles were fought in Papua between Finally, there are two interesting historical articles Japanese and primarily Australian forces initially, on the malaria during the Second World War and the with assistance from American forces later in the 1960s campaign After a series of advances and withdrawals, In 2015, the Canadian Journal of Surgery published with both sides facing significant resupply problems, a supplement devoted to military health, specifically Kokoda was recaptured on 2 November 1942 The “caring for the wounded in future” (http://canjsurgca/ fighting was some of the most desperate encountered supplement-the-canadian-armed-forces-supplement- by Australian troops in the Second World War, and, on-military-medicine-caring-for-the-wounded-in-the- although the capture of Port Moresby was not a future/)1 I am keen to explore whether we could do precursor to an Australian invasion, the victory did a similar supplement in 2018, looking at advances in ensure that Allied bases in northern Australia would military health across the full spectrum If you have no longer be seriously threatened by air attack an idea for an article in your area of expertise, I would Approximately 625 Australians were killed along the be very interested in hearing about it Kokoda Trail and 1,647 were wounded Casualties due to sickness, including malaria, dysentery and scrub We continue to get a good range of articles, but other typhus, exceeded 4,000 military and veterans’ health articles are always very welcome and we would encourage all our readers to Captain Alan Oliver Watson was a dental officer consider writing on their areas of military or veterans’ working with the 2/4th Field Ambulance along the health interest Our themes are now available for both Kokoda trail In addition to treating many dental 2017 and 2018 to allow for authors to research and patients and doing 80 extractions with a very limited develop their articles – we certainly welcome articles dental kit, he also acted as the anaesthetist for in these areas but welcome any articles across the the surgical team, giving 90 general anaesthetics broader spectrum of military health between 16 October and 5 November 1942 during the advance towards Kokoda In January 1943, Captain We would also encourage authors who are preparing Watson returned to Australia suffering from malaria to present at the AMMA Conference in October to and dysentery He was mentioned in despatches in consider writing up their presentations early for December 1943 for his services Captain Watson is publication in the Journal just one example of the contribution made by military health staff during this arduous campaign Dr Andy Robertson, CSC, PSM Editor-in-Chief Reference: 1 Tien H The Canadian Armed Forces Supplement on Military Medicine: Caring for the Wounded in the Future Can J Surg 2015 Jun;58(3 Suppl 3): S80, S81 Volume 25 Number 2; April 2017 Page 5 Commentary Futuristic Utilization of Tactical Night Vision Goggles in Darkness by Combat Medics A Aydin, S Bilge, C Aydin, M Bilge, M Eryilmaz Sedat BILGE M.D. the risk of enemy fire for combat medics Night-time operations have also shown that insufficient light Emergency Physician Specialist (sedatotuz@gmail can significantly affect the success rate of these skills com), Gulhane Research and Training Hospital, and procedures When facing limitations at night or Department of Emergency Medicine, Etlik, Ankara, in limited light conditions, soldiers generally resort Turkey, 06010 to the tactical solution of using night vision goggles (NVG) 1 Using light-emitting devices at night-time is Attila AYDIN M.D. associated with the risk of being spotted and killed Emergency Physician Specialist (drattilaaydin@ by the enemy An Israeli physician was shot by a gmailcom), Gulhane Research and Training sniper while performing endotracheal intubation 2 Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Etlik, (ETI) at night There have been a few studies on NVG Ankara, Turkey, 06010 use in medical interventions, including on an ETI application with NVGs undertaken by anaesthetists1; 3 Cemile AYDIN M.D. on emergency cricothyroidotomy with NVGs ; and on ETI and intravenous line insertion (IVI) with Internal Medicine Specialist (drcemileaydin@gmail NVGs undertaken by emergency physicians and com), Etimesgut State Hospital, Department of paramedics 4 However, considering the nature of Internal Medicine, Etimesgut, Ankara, Turkey, military operations, it is well-known that the most 06010 frequently encountered types of injuries on the field are injuries to chest, head, abdomen and extremities Meltem BILGE M.D. We have noted that there are currently no NVG studies on these types of battlefield injuries 5 Anesthesia and Resuscitation Specialist (doktormeltem@hotmailcom), Diskapi
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