DOCSLIB.ORG

Role of Media in Disseminating Luyia Indigenous Knowledge for Socio-Economic Development: the Case of West Fm Radio, Western Kenya

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Role of Media in Disseminating Luyia Indigenous Knowledge for Socio-Economic Development: the Case of West Fm Radio, Western Kenya i ROLE OF MEDIA IN DISSEMINATING LUYIA INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF WEST FM RADIO, WESTERN KENYA NAMAANDE BEN WEKALAO E83/1190/2006 THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OCTOBER 2016 i ii ii iii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to God The Almighty for His ever present care and support, my family: Everlyn my wife, sons Ian, Wayne, Owen, and daughter Wendy and to my late Kukhu Dorcas Mukoya and Kuuka Joseph Namaande Wekalao for their love of knowledge and financial cum moral support that has seen me not only scale up the academic and intellectual horizons but also positively confront the challenges of life. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is by the Grace of God that I have reached this far throughout my journey in the academia and scholarly world. I give glory and thanks to God for silently dictating the events surrounding my life. Secondly, I appreciate the invaluable role played by my supervisors Dr. Daniel Wambiri Muthee and Dr. Peter G. Mwathi who unreservedly guided my study. The professional input by Dr. Charles Maina cannot be ignored as it went along way to polish my study. The scholarly endeavours will have been disappointing without the moral support of my family: Everlyn, my wife, sons Ian, Wayne & Owen and daughter Wendy, the apple of my eye. It would have been ridiculous for me to fail to acknowledge my mother, Darmaris Nekhwe for bringing me into this world, and the role played by my late grandparents (Dorcas Mukoya and Joseph Namaande Wekalao), my aunt Jessicah Kiluyi and uncles Paul Matanda and Nelson Kiluyi whose care, and immense financial investment in my education shaped my destiny in life. Last but not least, I recognize the contribution of my Research Assistants Carry Francis Oyier & Zachary Kefa Chepukaka plus all my colleagues especially Dr. Peter Wamae who kept urging me to complete my work in time. Finally, the invaluable direct and indirect role of the Kenya National Archives and Documentation service (my link and gateway to academia) together with my colleagues working in the institution cannot go umrecognized. The West FM management, staff together with the IK custodians (Manayasi and Omuchuma) are highly appreciated for their contribution to the study. v TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION…………………………………………………………………..II DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... IIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ IV TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………..V LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... XI LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... XII ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .................................................................... XIIIIV ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... XXVI CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT TO THE STUDY ..................... 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY ............................................................................................ 1 1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ......................................................................................... 11 1.4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY .................................................................................................. 13 1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................. 13 1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS .................................................................................................... 13 1.7 ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY .......................................................................................... 14 1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................ 14 1.9 DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ....................................................................................... 15 1.10 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................ 15 1.11 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................... 17 1.12 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................... 20 vi 1.13 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS ......................................................................... 21 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ........................................ 26 2.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 26 2.1.1. The Concept of Knowledge ......................................................................................... 27 2.1.2 Explicit and Tacit Knowledge ...................................................................................... 29 2.2 LITERATURE RELATED TO THE MAIN CONCEPT .............................................................. 31 2.2.1Indigenous Knowledge Discourse ................................................................................. 31 2.2.2 Indigenous Knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights .............................................. 32 2.3 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF WESTERN KENYA ................................................................... 38 2.4 INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE ............................................................................................... 40 2.4.1 Indigenous Knowledge Domains and Practices ............................................................ 42 2.5 CREATION AND DISSEMINATION OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE...................................... 47 2.5.1 Community Methods of Disseminating Indigenous Knowledge .................................. 51 2.6 MEDIA AND INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE ........................................................................... 57 2.7 INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ................................ 62 2.8 CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED IN DISSEMINATING INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE ................ 66 2.9 SUMMARY AND GAP IDENTIFICATION ............................................................................. 67 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY ......................... 69 3.1INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 69 3.2.RESEARCH DESIGN AND LOCALE ..................................................................................... 69 3.3 POPULATION ..................................................................................................................... 71 3.4 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION ........................................ 71 3.4.1 Sampling Techniques .................................................................................................... 71 3.4.2 Sample Size Determination ........................................................................................... 72 vii 3.5 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS ................................................................................................ 74 3.5.1 Questionnaires............................................................................................................... 74 3.5.2 Interview Schedules ...................................................................................................... 76 3.5.3 Observation checklist .................................................................................................... 76 3.5.4 Validity and Reliability Determination ......................................................................... 77 3.6 DATA COLLECTION .......................................................................................................... 79 3.6.1 Logistical and Ethical Considerations........................................................................... 80 3.6.2 Research Protocol and Itinerary .................................................................................... 81 3.6 .3 Pilot Study ................................................................................................................... 82 3.6.4 Actual Data Collection .................................................................................................. 83 3.6.5 Interview Method .......................................................................................................... 83 3.6.6 Questionnaire Method ................................................................................................... 84 3.6.7 Content Analysis ........................................................................................................... 86 3.6.8. Review of Documentary Sources ................................................................................. 86 3.6.9 Observation Method ..................................................................................................... 87 3.7 DATA ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................. 87 CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS, INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CHEROTICH MUNG'ou.Pdf
    THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN PEACEBUILDING IN MOUNT ELGON REGION, KENYA BY CHEROTICH MUNG’OU A Thesis submitted to the Institute of Postgraduate Studies and Research, in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Communication Studies of Kabarak University June, 2016 DECLARATION PAGE Declaration I hereby declare that this research thesis is my own original work and to the best of my knowledge has not been presented for the award of a degree in any university or college. Student’s Signature: Student’s Name: Cherotich Mung’ou Registration No: GDE/M/1265/09/11 Date: 30thJune, 2016 i RECOMMENDATION PAGE To the Institute of Postgraduate Studies and Research: The thesis entitled “The Role of Information and Communication Technologies in Peacebuilding in Mt Elgon Region, Kenya” and written by Cherotich Mung’ou is presented to the Institute of Postgraduate Studies and Research of Kabarak University. We have reviewed the thesis and recommend it be accepted in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Communication Studies. 24th June, 2016 Dr. Tom Kwanya Senior Lecturer, The Technical University of Kenya 30th June, 2016 ____________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Joseph Osodo Lecturer, Maseno University ii Acknowledgement I am greatly indebted to various individuals for the great roles they played throughout my research undertaking. Most importantly, I thank God for the far He has brought me. My first gratitude goes to my supervisors Dr Tom Kwanya and Dr Joseph Osodo for their tireless effort in reviewing my work. I appreciate your intellectual advice and patience.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change and the Media
    THE HEAT IS ON CLIMATE CHanGE anD THE MEDIA PROGRAM INTERNATIONAL ConFerence 3-5 JUNE 2009 INTERNATIONALWorl CONFERENCED CONFERENCE CENTER BONN 21-23 JUNE 2010 WORLD CONFERENCE CENTER BONN 3 WE KEEP THINGS MOving – AND AN EYE ON THE ENVIRONMENT. TABLE OF CONTENTS THAt’s hoW WE GOGREEN. MESSAGE FROM THE ORGANIZERS 4 HOSTS AND SuppORTING ORGANIZATIONS 11 PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT 15 GLOBAL STudY ON CLIMATE CHANGE 19 PROGRAM OVERVIEw 22 SITE PLAN 28 PROGRAM: MONDAY, 21 JUNE 2010 33 PROGRAM: TuESDAY, 22 JUNE 2010 82 PROGRAM: WEDNESDAY, 23 JUNE 2010 144 SidE EVENTS 164 GENERAL INFORMATION 172 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF PARTICipANTS 178 For more information go to MAp 192 www.dhl-gogreen.com IMPRINT 193 21–23 JUNE 2010 · BONN, GERMANY GoGreen_Anz_DHL_e_Deutsche Welle_GlobalMediaForum_148x210.indd 1 30.03.2010 12:51:02 Uhr 4 5 MESSAGE FROM THE MESSAGE FROM THE HOST FEDERAL MiNISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS Nothing is currently together more than 50 partners, sponsors, Extreme weather, With its manifold commitment, Germany being debated more media representatives, NGOs, government crop failure, fam- has demonstrated that it is willing to accept than climate change. and inter-government institutions. Co-host ine – the poten- responsibility for climate protection at an It has truly captured of the Deutsche Welle Global Media Forum tially catastrophic international level. Our nation is known for the world’s atten- is the Foundation for International Dialogue consequences that its clean technology and ideas, and for cham- tion. Do we still have of the Sparkasse in Bonn. The convention is climate change will pioning sustainable economic structures that enough time to avoid also supported by Germany’s Federal Foreign have for millions of pursue both economic and ecological aims.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Locally Generated Television Programmes on the Kenyan Television Viewers: a Case Study of Citizen Television
    International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391 The Impact of Locally Generated Television Programmes on the Kenyan Television Viewers: A Case Study of Citizen Television Were J. Maende1, Makori M. Nyambane2 1University of Nairobi, School of Journalism and Mass Communication, P.O. Box 30197 00100 GPO, NAIROBI 2Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, School of Business and Economics, P.O Box 190-50100 Kakamega, Kenya Abstract: This study investigated possible impact of locally generated television programmes on selected Kenyan television viewers in Dagoretti sub-location of Nairobi with particular focus on Machachari programme of Citizen Television. The objective that guided this study included: To examine the nature and the impact of information consumed by viewers among Dagoretti location residents. The study utilized the uses and gratifications and the social learning theory in examining the locally generated TV programmes. The study adopted a case study design with questionnaire and interviews being used as instruments of data collection. The researcher analyzed both primary and secondary data that provided information for the study. The study used a sample of 220 and response rate was good at 84%. The findings indicated that local programmes impact positively on viewers by transferring positive messages to them like good parentage, drug abstinence and responsible youth behavior among others. With reference to the findings of this study, it is recommended that there should be an increase in locally generated programmes since majority of the viewers upheld the positive themes that they deduced from the programmes and thus parents and guardians should encourage their children to watch locally generated programmes.
    [Show full text]
  • “We're Not Living in America, but We're Not Sorry!”
    Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT Madeleine Magnusson Lisa Skogström “We’re not living in America, but we’re not sorry!” A study of television consumption and relative deprivation among Kenyan students in an urban and a rural area Media and Communication C-level thesis Date/Term: 20-01-10 Supervisor: Stefan Jerkeby Examiner: Christer Clerwall Serial Number: X-XX XX XX Karlstads universitet 651 88 Karlstad Tfn 054-700 10 00 Fax 054-700 14 60 [email protected] www.kau.se Abstract The United States of America is one of the most powerful countries in the world and their broadcasting system has become a role model to the rest of the world. Since the US charge less for their media products in third world countries, it is cheaper even for poor countries to import American content than to purchase local products. The aim with our survey is to explore whether heavy consumers of American television programs in Kenya hold positive attitudes to the American lifestyle and experience feelings of relative deprivation as a result of this consumption. Comparisons are made between students in an urban and a rural area. The theoretical framework for this study includes cultivation theory which investigates the effects of the values and behaviors of the television audience. It also includes relative deprivation, which is based on the assumption that people experience deprivation when they compare themselves with others – so called reference groups. In our case the reference group is the American lifestyle. A third theory used for this study is cultural imperialism which says that dominating, mainly western media corporations impose their cultural values on third world countries, as in this case, Kenya.
    [Show full text]
  • Background Paper: Politics and Interactive Media in Kenya
    PiMA Working Paper Series #2 Background Paper: Politics and Interactive Media in Kenya Winnie V. Mitullah Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi Okoth Fred Mudhai Centre of Governance and Human Rights, University of Cambridge Sammy Mwangi Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi Project partners CG + HR CENTRE OF GOVERNANCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS University of Nairobi University of Zambia Mitullah, W. et al, Politics and Interactive Media in Kenya, April 2015 PiMA Working Papers The PiMA Working Papers are a series of peer-reviewed working papers that present findings and insights from Centre of Governance and Human Rights’ (CGHR) Politics and Interactive Media in Africa (PiMA) research project (2012-14). The project, jointly funded by the ESRC and DFID (ES/J018945/1), focuses on expressions of ‘public opinion’ in broadcast media via new information and communication technologies (ICT) such as mobile phones in Kenya and Zambia. PiMA examines the political implications of such interactions in the two African countries, with a view to drawing conclusions of wider significance to practitioners and policymakers. Series Editors: Sharath Srinivasan, Stephanie Diepeveen Publisher: Centre of Governance and Human Rights, University of Cambridge Contact: E: [email protected] T: (+44) (0)1223 767 257 W: cghr.polis.cam.ac.uk University of Cambridge Centre of Governance and Human Rights 3 PiMA Working Paper #2 Mitullah, W. et al, Politics and Interactive Media in Kenya, April 2015 Introduction1 This background paper provides an overview of the history and context of interactive media and public opinion in Kenya. It is intended to contextualise and inform the study, Politics and Interactive Media in Africa (PiMA), a collaborative study by researchers from the University of Cambridge, University of Nairobi and University of Zambia.
    [Show full text]
  • Criticising Journalism
    Does criticism in digital spaces matter to journalism? Legacy news media face intense criticism on social networks or blogs, while their accountability towards the public is weak. This dissertation explores the contribution of digital media critics and their criticisms to journalism, through qualitative interviews with journalists, critics and media accountability agents. The main findings show how journalists negotiate a variety of criticisms (from the rational to the uncivil) and critics (with varying expertise and influence) in digital spaces. The study is relevant today because digitality complicates the journalist-critic relationship as critical text from the public circulate in the same universe as journalistic text. What this means is that journalists must find new ways to cope with the logics of digital ARTWORK BY GODFREY MWAMPEMBWA (GADO) platforms, such as social networks and blogs. At the same time, news professionals must respond to pressure to conform to social norms such as equity in gender representation in the news, that comes through, for example, hashtag campaigns on social networks. ISBN 978-91-7867-053-6 (print) | ISBN 978-91-7867-063-5 (pdf) LAYOUT & PRINT: DOCTORAL THESIS | Karlstad University Studies | 2019:29 UNIVERSITY PRINTING OFFICE, KARLSTAD, 2019 Criticising Journalism Does criticism in digital spaces matter to journalism? Legacy news media face intense criticism on social networks or blogs, while their accountability towards the public is weak. This dissertation explores the contribution of digital media critics and their criticisms to journalism, through qualitative interviews with journalists, critics and media accountability agents. The main findings show Criticising Journalism how journalists negotiate a variety of criticisms (from the rational to the uncivil) and critics (with varying expertise and influence) in digital spaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Registrantslist (1).Xlsx
    Name City Ministry/Institution/Organisation/Media Representation Type Rep. Sub Type Organisation Name Outlet Mr. ERRAJA, Abdelmouttalib Ecardenville S/eure Cohin Environnement Private Sector, Trusts, Foundations Private Sector Cohin Environnement Ms. RUIZ ILLESCAS, Adriana Nairobi Permanent Representation of Angola to UNEP Member States Permanent Representation of Angola to UNEP Mr. MORSY, Ahmed Cairo Giza Cable Industries Private Sector, Trusts, Foundations Private Sector Giza Cable Industries Mr. AHMED, Ahmed Nirobi CCTV AFRICA Media CCTV AFRICA Mr. OSMAN, Ahmed A Nairobi Kabaa tV Media Kabaa Tv Mr. AL ABDULLA, Ali Abdulla Nairobi Embassy of the State of Qatar Member States Embassy of the State of Qatar Ms. DABRAL, Aanchal Nairobi Dave Tuk Tuk Kenya Limited Side Events Participants Dave Tuk Tuk Mrs. ANDREJEW, Alexandra Geneva United Nations UN System Organisations UNON Ms. OWINO, Anne Nairobi National Environment Management Authority Member States National Environment Management Authority Mr. VUOLA, Aaron Panama City UN Environment UN System Organisations UNEP Ms. SHAH, Aarti Nairobi The Cobalt Partners Private Sector, Trusts, Foundations Private Sector The Cobalt Partners Mrs. ARVELAEZ, Anabell Cararacas Ministerio del Poder Popular para Ecosocialismo Member States Ministerio del Poder Popular para Ecosocialismo y y Aguas Aguas Mr. GOLRIZ, Abbas Tehran Ministry of Foreign Affairs Member States Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr. ABBASHAR, Amjad Nairobi UNISDR Regional Office for Africa UN System Organisations UNISDR Mr. OLOO, Sebastian Nairobi USIU - AFRICA Academia Students USIU - AFRICA Mr. ANNAN, Abdulmonem Dar Es Salaam Syrian Permanent Mission to UNON /Dar es Member States Syrian permanent Mission to UNON /Dar es Salaam Salaam Mr. MERABET, Abdelghani New York Office of the PGA United Nations UN System Organisations EOSG Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 a Comparative Study of the Representations of Womanhood In
    A comparative study of the representations of womanhood in local and foreign television soap operas in Kenya By Joy Mueni A dissertation presented to the School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Nairobi In fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Communication and Information Studies 1 November, 2014 DECLARATION I declare that this dissertation is my original work and that it has not been submitted to any other college or university for academic credit. ____________________________ ___________________________ Joy Mueni Date This dissertation has been submitted to the University of Nairobi with our approval as Supervisors. _________________________________ _________________________________ Prof. Peter Kareithi ___________________________________ _________________________________ Dr. Muiru Ngugi 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It has been an arduous albeit fruitful labour to put together this dissertation. This would however not have been possible without the support that I received from many different quarters; both expected and unexpected. To my supervisors Prof. Peter Kareithi and Dr. Muiru Ngugi, you two gentlemen critiqued, prodded, encouraged and delivered both gentle and hard punches depending on what the situation called for and walked with me chapter by chapter. I will forever be indebted to you. Dr. Kiai, thank you for your goodwill and ensuring a smooth flow of the PhD process. Dr. Sam Kamau, thanks for encouraging me and providing useful insight on navigating UoN. To my mum, the great and mighty Janet Nzilani Mulwa, where would I be without your emotional support? I am truly grateful for all that you have done for me and on my behalf. Above all, you are a high achiever and you instilled that in me.
    [Show full text]
  • E Global News Challenge Assessing Changes in International Broadcast News Consumption in Africa and South Asia
    WORKING PAPER e Global News Challenge Assessing changes in international broadcast news consumption in Africa and South Asia. Anne Geniets November 2010 CONTENTS Executive summary Acknowledgments 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Purpose of the study ........................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Research questions ............................................................................................................ 11 1.3 Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Structure of the report ...................................................................................................... 12 2 Background .............................................................................................................................. 13 2.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 13 2.2 Market contexts ................................................................................................................. 13 2.3 Importance of media ......................................................................................................... 14 2.4 Media environment dynamics ......................................................................................... 20
    [Show full text]
  • Intermedia Agenda Setting Between Social Media and Traditional
    INTERMEDIA AGENDA SETTING BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA AND TRADITIONAL NEWS IN KENYA: AN ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWITTER HASHTAG #LIPAKAMATENDER AND CITIZEN TELEVISION NEWS CAROLYNE W. KIAMBO UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY- AFRICA Summer, 2018 INTERMEDIA AGENDA SETTING BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA AND TRADITIONAL NEWS IN KENYA: AN ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWITTER HASHTAG #LIPAKAMATENDER AND CITIZEN TELEVISION NEWS CAROLYNE W. KIAMBO A Thesis submitted to the School of Communication and Cinematic Arts in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts in Communication Studies UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY- AFRICA Summer, 2018 Student’s Declaration I, the undersigned, declare that this is my original work and has not been submitted to any other college, institution or university other than the United States International University- Africa in Nairobi for academic credit. Signed: ________________________ Date: __________________ Carolyne W. Kiambo (ID No. 645675) ii Approval Page In accordance with United States International University – Africa policies, this thesis is accepted as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Communication Studies Sign: Date: __________________________ __________________ Lucy Gichaga, Ph.D. Supervisor _____________________________ __________________ Kioko Ireri, Ph.D. Chair, Department of Journalism and Corporate Communication _____________________________ __________________ Valerie P. Adema, Ph.D. Dean, School of Communication, Cinematics, & Creative Arts iii Copyright © by Carolyne Wanjiru Kiambo 2018 All Rights Reserved iv Acknowledgements I would first like to thank Jesus Christ for His grace and provision throughout my study. Secondly, my thesis advisor Dr. Lucy Gichaga of the School of Communication and Cinematic Arts at United Stated International University-Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Abindu Sacred Site: Socio-Cultural Capital for Ecotourism Promotion and Community Empowerment in Kisumu County, Kenya
    International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 4, No. 11; September 2014 Abindu Sacred Site: Socio-Cultural Capital for Ecotourism Promotion and Community Empowerment in Kisumu County, Kenya Dr. Patrick O. Hayombe Mr. Fredrick Z.A.Odede Prof. Stephen G. Agong’ Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science And Technology P.O Box 210-40601 Bondo, Kenya Abstract This work explores the role of cultural heritage in the transformation of the community, support of local livelihood and poverty reduction in Kenya. The study focuses on the use of cultural identity in promoting ecotourism transformation of the local people. Cultural identity has been the driving factor in a community’s initiative to manage and conserve its cultural heritage site. The study aimed at examining cultural identity of the site, establishing its potential for ecotourism transformation, identifying the challenges facing the site and developing appropriate strategies for ecotourism promotion. The study used ethnographic and phenomenological methods of data collection. The data was qualitatively analyzed and identified themes with respect to research objectives. The research documented cultural identity of the site as management, conservation and branding tools, identified its potential and challenges for ecotourism promotion, and proposed appropriate strategies for the management and conservation of Abindu site in the study area. Keywords: Ecotourism, Cultural Identity, Mythology, Sacred, Cultural Artefacts, Natural Artefacts 1.0. Background Information Tourism industry is one of the main earners of foreign exchange and contributes about 10 per cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 9 per cent of formal employment to the Republic of Kenya at the national level and in 2006 brought in US$800 million (Republic of Kenya, 2010a).
    [Show full text]
  • Kenyan Hip-Hop Artists' Theories of Multilingualism, Identity And
    “HATUCHEKI NA WATU”: KENYAN HIP-HOP ARTISTS’ THEORIES OF MULTILINGUALISM, IDENTITY AND DECOLONIALITY By Esther Milu A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Rhetoric and Writing - Doctor of Philosophy 2016 ABSTRACT “HATUCHEKI NA WATU”: KENYAN HIP-HOP ARTISTS’ THEORIES OF MULTILINGUALISM, IDENTITY AND DECOLONIALITY By Esther Milu This is a qualitative research study that constellates several theoretical and methodological approaches to understand why and how three Kenyan Hip-hop artists, Jua Cali, Nazizi Hirji and Abbas Kubbaff, engage in translingual communicative practices. A variety of data types including in-depth phenomenologial interviews, lyrical content and multimodal compositions were evaluated to understand how and why the artists used particular linguistic and semiotic resources in composing their texts and in their everyday communication. A translingual analytical framework was applied to examine these resources across various modalities of communication: verbal, written, audio, visual, performative and embodied. Findings from the study indicate that the artists translingual practices are aimed at : 1) constructing various ethnicities and indentities based on their everyday language use and not on dominant language ideologies or theories of race and ethnicity in the country; 2) engaging in language activism work by raising critical language awareness within dominant institutions, and by actively participating in the preservation of youth languages and cultures; 3) theozing and practicing diverse options for cultural and linguistic decolonization. The study concludes by proposing a translingual pedagogy that challenges students to demonstrate critical awareness of the “linguistic culture” surrounding the languages, codes and symbolic practices they use in their translingual composing.
    [Show full text]