Beyond Domestic Beyond Domestic

omslag Domestic 20-04-2005 10:27 Page 1 Beyond Domestic Beyond domestic: Case studies on poverty and productive uses of water at the household level Is something missing from your work in water supply? Do individuals and Case studies on poverty and productive uses of communities that you work with use their water supplies for multiple purposes? Are you challenged by how to help the poor gain access to water (beyond ‘traditional’ domestic or field-scale irrigation needs) for activities that generate food water at the household level and income like fruit and vegetable production, keeping livestock, brick-making and building, and a wide range of informal micro-enterprises? Do you search for ways to improve cost-recovery? Beyond Domestic ‘Beyond domestic’ contains: • evidence of how multi-purpose water supplies can help poor women and men to build sustainable livelihoods and fight poverty; • analysis of the key issues relating to productive uses of water at the household level; • details of practical experience on how to cater to the demand for productive water; • links to further information and contacts. The book will inspire and support professionals seeking to move beyond sectoral boundaries in domestic or irrigation water supply, and contains many suggestions for an agenda of policy change, implementation and further research. ‘Beyond domestic’ is jointly published by IRC, the Natural Resources Institute (NRI) and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). ISBN 90-6687-044-3 IRC Technical Paper Series 41 Domestic binnewerk 20-04-2005 10:11 Page 1 Beyond Domestic Domestic binnewerk 20-04-2005 10:11 Page 2 Moriarty, Patrick; Butterworth, John; van Koppen, Barbara (2004). Beyond Domestic: Case studies on poverty and productive uses of water at the household level. Delft, the Netherlands, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre. (Technical Paper Series; no. 41). 243 p. Published jointly by IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, the Natural Resources Institute (NRI) and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Copyright © IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre 2004 IRC enjoys copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright convention. Nevertheless, permission is hereby granted for reproduction and adaptation of this material, in whole or in part, for educational, scientific or development-related purposes except those involving commercial sale. When reproducing these materials, please give full citation to the source. ISBN 90-6687-044-3 Design & Printing: Meester en de Jonge, Lochem, the Netherlands Photographs: Charles Batchelor, John Butterworth, Eric Demildt and Umgeni Water To order more copies of this publication, please contact: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre P.O. Box 2869, 2601 CW, Delft, the Netherlands Tel: +31 (0)15 2192939, Fax: +31 (0)15 2190955, e-mail: [email protected] Domestic binnewerk 20-04-2005 10:11 Page 3 Beyond Domestic Case studies on poverty and productive uses of water at the household level Patrick Moriarty, John Butterworth, Barbara van Koppen (eds.) Technical Paper Series 41 IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre Delft, the Netherlands 2004 Domestic binnewerk 20-04-2005 10:11 Page 4 Domestic binnewerk 20-04-2005 10:11 Page 5 Table of contents Table of Contents Foreword by Mr Ronnie Kasrils, MP, Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa 7 Acknowledgements 11 Preface 15 1 Water, poverty and productive uses of water at the household level Patrick Moriarty, John Butterworth, Barbara van Koppen and John Soussan 19 2 Productive uses of water at the household level: evidence from Bushbuckridge, South Africa Juan Carlos Perez de Mendiguren Castresana 49 3 Multiple use of water, livelihoods and poverty in Colombia: a case study from the Ambichinte micro-catchment Mario Alejandro Perez, Stef Smits, Alberto Benavides and Silena Vargas 75 4 Productive use of wastewater by poor urban and peri-urban farmers: Asian and African case studies in the context of the Hyderabad Declaration on Wastewater Use Liqa Raschid-Sally, Andrew Mark Bradford and Dominic Endamana 95 5 Multiple use of irrigation water in Northeastern Morocco Eline Boelee and Hammou Laamrani 119 6 Livelihoods in conflict: disputes over water for household-level productive uses in Tarata, Bolivia Rocio Bustamante, John Butterworth, Mariska Flierman, Daniel Herbas, Marieke den Hollander, Sjoerd van der Meer, Paul Ravenstijn, Magaly Reynaga and German Zurita 137 7 Transforming access to rural water into profitable business opportunities Paul Polak, Deepak Adhikari, Bob Nanes, Dan Salter and Sudarshan Surywanshi 153 8. Productive water strategies for poverty reduction in Zimbabwe Peter Robinson, Brian Mathew and David Proudfoot 173 > Domestic binnewerk 20-04-2005 10:11 Page 6 9. Linking water supply and rural enterprise: Issues and Illustrations from India A.J. James 199 10. A multi-sectoral approach to sustainable rural water supply: the role of the rope handpump in Nicaragua J.H. Alberts and J.J. van der Zee 217 Contributors 239 6 Domestic binnewerk 20-04-2005 10:11 Page 7 ChapterForeword 1 Foreword This book deals with a matter very close to my heart and to the heart of the Government of South Africa. Across the world, millions of people live without access to clean drinking water, without adequate sanitation, without sufficient food, and without decent housing. Throughout the world, governments have committed themselves to sustainable development and the eradication of poverty. The South African Government is equally committed to the building of a society based on justice and human rights. In the decade since 1994, the Government has placed considerable emphasis on the delivery of clean water to the people of South Africa. My Department alone has delivered clean water to almost ten million rural people. The lives of these people, and of the women in particular, have been enhanced by this access to water. Yet many challenges still remain. For instance, we are only beginning to deal with the enormous sanitation backlog. Moreover, the provision of drinking water only deals with one aspect of the water needs of poor households. Food security is a major issue that we also have to address. People who are hungry cannot live the life of dignity to which they are entitled. Our Constitution guarantees access to sufficient food as a human right. It is self evident that water also plays a key role in food security. Poor people in particular also require water for food gardening, for small businesses, and other productive purposes. The poor, and poor women in particular, draw multiple benefits from having access to water. The combination of the domestic and productive benefits can add up to an appreciable impact on livelihoods and poverty eradication. Therefore, poor households need to be enabled ‘to climb the water ladder’. Once services for basic health and hygiene are provided, we will facilitate higher levels of services, which support sustainable livelihoods and economic development. This, however, poses significant challenges in terms of the delivery of water for both domestic and productive purposes to the poor. In South Africa we find ourselves facing such challenges and are grappling with the many questions as to how to meet the challenge. This book helps us to find answers. It reports on research presented at the symposium Water, Poverty and Productive Uses of Water at the Household Level, 7 Domestic binnewerk 20-04-2005 10:11 Page 8 Domestic binnewerk 20-04-2005 10:11 Page 9 ChapterForeword 1 that my Department co-organised with IRC, NRI, and IWMI in January 2003. The book includes positive examples from all continents of how small-scale integrated and multiple-use water management can impact on livelihoods and poverty eradication and lessons learned. Thus, an important step is made towards identifying technical, institutional, and financing models and tools to effectively address the wider needs of people for multi-purpose water access. This will help to contribute to the eradication of poverty and to the building of a world based on equality, dignity and recognition of the value of each and every human life. Mr Ronnie Kasrils, MP, Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa 9 Domestic binnewerk 20-04-2005 10:11 Page 10 Domestic binnewerk 20-04-2005 10:11 Page 11 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements This book is an output of a cross-institution thematic group on ‘productive uses of water at the household level’ (www.irc.nl/prodwat) funded and co-ordinated by the IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre. The symposium on ‘Water, poverty and the productive uses of water at the household level’ where these papers (except one) were originally presented was organised by John Butterworth, Minnie Venter Hildebrand, Patrick Moriarty, Barbara van Koppen, Barbara Schreiner and Dirk Versfeld. Minnie’s many colleagues, family and friends made a successful event possible, particularly Louise Hildebrand. Financial support from IRC, the Natural Resources Institute (NRI), the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), and hosting of the symposium by the South African Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, is gratefully acknowledged. The organisers were all thankful for a stimulating opening address at the symposium by Mr Ronnie Kasrils, MP, Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. Inputs by John Butterworth, and support for several papers presented at the symposium, were made possible by the Water, Households and Rural Livelihoods (WHiRL) Project co-ordinated by the Natural Resources Institute (www.nri.org). This project is supported by the UK Department for International Development (Project R7804 ‘Integrating drinking water needs in watershed projects’). Publication of this book was supported financially by IRC, NRI, IWMI and the Comprehensive Assessment: Water Management in Agriculture. Juan Carlos Pérez de Mendiguren Castresana (Chapter 2) would like to thank people in the Bushbuckridge communities of Utha, Dixie, MP Stream, Xanthia, Mabharule, Kildare, Ngoromane, Dinglydale, Chris Hani, Mamelodi, Shortline, and Township: the real actors and owners of the lives behind the numbers and analysis presented.

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