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Hsc Dig Ed 4 HSC Web Site: http://www.hollywoodstampclub.com/ HSC SETARO, HOLLYWOOD STAMP CLUB DIGITAL HSC Editor HOLLYWOOD EDITION 4 PHILATELIST MAY 20, 2020 Great Britain QV 1900 Post- bankment, and the name "New card to Russia, By Editor Scotland Yard" was adopted for the new headquarters. An adja- Scotland Yard (officially New Scot- cent building was completed in land Yard) is a metonym for the 1906. headquarters of the Metropolitan Po- lice Service (MPS), and the Police Community Support Officers (PCSO), the territorial police force responsible for policing all 32 boroughs of Lon- don, excluding the City of London. On the back is a photo of the 1900 Building of the Scotland Yard. The name derives from the location of the original Metropolitan Police head- quarters at 4 Whitehall Place, which had a rear entrance on a street The origi- called Great Scotland Yard. The Scot- nal New land Yard entrance became the pub- Scotland lic entrance to the police station, and Yard, now over time the street and the Metro- called the politan Police became synonymous. Norman Shaw Buildings; at the far right is the Curtis Green Building, This postcard from the Queen Victo- The force moved from Great Scot- which became New Scotland Yard in ria era is postmarked Glasgow May land Yard in 1890, to a newly com- November 2016. 14, 1900 and addressed to Moscow, pleted building on the Victoria Em- Russia, with a 1 pence stamp (SC88). 1 El Chalten, Mount Fitz Roy in gentina. The park covers an area of stamps from France and Los Glaciares National Park 726,927 ha (7,269.27 km2; 2,806.68 sq Argentina. mi), making it the largest national park in For the Mount Fitz Roy, Monte Fitz Roy (also known as Cerro Chaltén, the country. Established on 11 May 1937, Argentina issued a 20 Cerro Fitz Roy, or simply Mount Fitz Roy) is a pesos stamp in 1954. mountain in Patagonia, on the border between The first Europeans rec- Argentina and Chile. It is in the Southern Pata- orded as seeing Mount Fitz Roy were the Span- ish explorer Antonio de Viedma and his companions, who in 1783 reached the shores of Viedma lake. Argentine explorer Francisco Moreno saw the mountain on 2 March 1877. He named it Fitz Roy in honour of Robert Fitz- it hosts a representative sample of Magel- Roy who, as captain of HMS Beagle, had lan subpolar forest and west Patagonian travelled up the Santa Cruz River in 1834 gonian Ice Field, near El Chaltén village and steppe biodiversity in good state of conser- and charted large parts of the Patagonian Viedma lake. It was first climbed in 1952 by vation. In 1981, it was declared a World coast. French alpinists Lionel Terray and Guido Mag- Heritage Site by UNESCO. See this site: Cerro is a Spanish word meaning hill, none. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/145 while Chaltén comes from a Tehuelche (Aonikenk) word meaning Los Glaciares National Park (Spanish: "smoking mountain", due to a cloud that Parque Nacional Los Glaciares) is a federal usually forms around the mountain's peak. protected area in Santa Cruz Province, Ar- Fitz Roy, however, was only one of a num- ber of peaks the Tehuelche called Chaltén. Argentina and Chile have agreed that their international border detours eastwards to pass over the main summit, but a large part of the border to the south of the sum- mit, as far as Cerro Murallón, remains un- defined. The mountain is the symbol of the Argentine Santa Cruz Province, which in- cludes its representation on its coat of For the Glaciares National Park there are arms. © 2 Submarine communications ca- carried not by satellite but by a set of wet, 1871 in anticipation of the completion of ble, By Editor cold, fragile tubes, which can sometimes be the Australian Overland Telegraph Line in ripped by an errant ship anchor. 1872 connecting to Adelaide, South Austral- In 1858, the United ia, and thence to the rest of Australia. States of America A submarine communications cable is a ca- was connected to ble laid on the seabed between land-based the rest of the world stations to carry telecommunication signals In the 1980s, fiber-optic cables were devel- by an underwater across stretches of ocean and sea. The first oped. The first transatlantic telephone ca- cable that stretched submarine communications cables laid be- ble to use optical from the wilds of ginning in the 1850s carried telegraphy fiber was TAT-8, Canada to the wilds traffic, establishing the first instant tele- which went into of Ireland. The first communications links between continents, operation in 1988. public message that such as the first transatlantic telegraph ca- A fiber-optic cable pulsed transatlantically ble which became operational on 16 August comprises multiple was between President 1858. Subsequent generations of cables pairs of fibers. James Buchanan and carried telephone traffic, then data commu- Each pair has one Queen Victoria. The nications traffic. Modern cables use optical fiber in each direc- New World and the Old fiber technology to carry digital data, which tion. TAT-8 had includes telephone, Internet and private World had been joined. two operational A telegraph stamp of the British & data traffic. It was considered one pairs and one back- Irish Magnetic Telegraph Co. of the great undertak- up pair. ings of the 19th century. Modern optical fiber repeaters use a solid- These days, 1.2 million km of submarine state optical amplifier, usually an Erbium- cables lie under the sea. Despite the idea doped fibre amplifier. Each repeater con- that we operate in a figurative cloud, the tains separate equipment for each fibre. vast majority of the world’s information is Modern cables are typically about 25 milli- These comprise signal reforming, error measurement and controls. © Map with some of the long submarine cables meters (0.98 in) in diameter and weigh around 1.4 tons per kilometer (2.5 short tons per mile; 2.2 long tons per mile) for the deep-sea sections which comprise the majority of the run, although larger and heavier cables are used for shallow-water sections near shore. Submarine cables first connected all the world's continents (except Antarctica) when Java was connected to Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia in 3 SABEMA, 1954 Helicopter FFC Sabena began operations end. The Societé on 23 May 1923 as the na- In 1938, the airline purchased the Anonyme tional carrier of Belgium. new Savoia-Marchetti SM.83, a develop- Belge d'Ex- The airline was created by ment of the S.M. 73 with a speed of ploitation de la Navigation the Belgian government af- 435 km/h (270 mph), although it flew ser- Aérienne (French; "Belgian Corporation for ter its predeces- vices at a cruising speed of about 400 km/ Air Navigation Services"), better known in- sor SNETA (Syndicat nation- h (250 mph). ternationally by the acronym Sabena al pour l'étude des trans- ports aériens, National Syn- In March and April 1998 two McDonnell- or SABENA, was the national airline of Bel- Douglas MD-11 aircraft, both leased gium from 1923 to 2001, with its base dicate for the Study of Aeri- al Transports) - formed in 1919 to pioneer from CityBird, joined the fleet and such at Brussels National Airport. After long-haul destinations its bankruptcy in 2001, the newly commercial aviation in Belgium - ceased operations. Sabena operated its first com- as Newark, Montreal and São Paulo were formed SN Brussels Airlines took over part (re)introduced. of Sabena's assets in February 2002, which mercial flight from Brussels to London (UK) became Brussels Airlines after a merger on 1 July 1923, via Ostend. Services 1999 saw new colours introduced to the with Virgin Express in March 2007. The air- to Rotterdam (Netherlands) fleet, beginning with an Airbus A340. One and Strasbourg (France) were launched on line's corporate headquarters were located of the latest fleet types that Sabena intro- in the Sabena House on the grounds 1 April 1924. The Strasbourg service was duced, right after the A321 and A320 was of Brussels Airport in Zaventem. extended to Basle (Switzerland) on 10 June the A319 which saw service in 2000. These 1924. Amsterdam (Netherlands) was added new planes were part of a record-order of on 1 September 1924, and Hamburg 34 Airbus A320 family aircraft, imposed on (Germany) followed on 1 May 1929 via Sabena when under Swissair management. Antwerp, Düsseldorf, and Essen. After an airline recession and the effects on In Europe, Sabena opened services the airline industry of the September 11 to Copenhagen and Malmö in 1931 and a attacks in 2001, all airlines that flew across route to Berlin was initiated in 1932. The the Atlantic suffered. Swissair had pledged mainstay pre-war airliner that Sabena used to invest millions in Sabena but failed to do in Europe was the successful Junkers Ju so, partly because the airline had financial 52/3m airliner. The airline's pre-war routes problems itself, having filed for bankruptcy covered almost 6,000 km within Europe. protection one month prior. Sabena filed While the Brussels Haren Airport was Sa- for legal protection against its creditors on This is a 1954 Special SABENA FFC from bena's main base, the company also oper- 3 October, and went into liquidation on 6 Milan to Turin, Italy. It used the Italy Scott ated services from other Belgian airports, November 2001. Fred Chaffart, Chairman 652 Lire 25 Issued lo publicize the experi- and had a domestic network that was of the Board of Directors of Sabena, read a mental transportation of mail by helicopter.
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