Pest Management Under Controlled Environment Agriculture PHOTOx Summit ∙ October 16-18, 2017 ∙ San Diego, California Suzanne Wainwright Evans ∙ Buglady Consulting
Why Now? Why BioControl? • Pesticide resistance issues • Worker safety • Restricted-Entry Interval (REI) • Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) • Limitations on pesticides available for crop • Public pressure to reduce pesticides
Getting Started • Form a relationship with someone that knows what they are doing • Commit to scouting • Identification of problem • Is biological control right for you? • Will it control your pests? • Pest complex? • Plant spacing • Quarantine laws • Economics • Good supplier • Pesticide compatibility
Other Things to Think About • Sanitation • Understand pest life cycle • Know the environment • Lighting • Humidity • Temperatures • Quality of product
Scouting • More eyes the better • TRAIN YOUR SCOUTS • Keep scouting records • Track pest and beneficial populations • Track all life stages • Provide your scouts the right tools • Hand lens • Bang board • Way to take photos • Good scouting forms
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● ● ● Identification • DO NOT GUESS • Do not rely on Facebook • Take photos, collect samples • Use qualified people
Buying Beneficials • More than just “this eats that” • Populations • How you grow • Environment • Quarantine laws • Stage plant is in • Plant type • Availability
Pesticide Compatibility • AgroBio www.agrobio.es • BASF http://betterplants.basf.us/products/related-documents/nemasys-chemical- compatibility-guide.pdf • BioBest Biological Systems http://www.biobestgroup.com/en/side-effect-manual • BioLine AgroSciences http://biolineapp.com/ • BotaniGard and Biocompatibility http://www.bioworksinc.com/products/shared/botanigard-and- biocompatibility.pdf • IPM Impact http://www.ipmimpact.com/ • Koppert Biological Systems http://side-effects.koppert.nl/ • Pesticide active ingredients database from University of California http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/menu.pesticides.php
Sanitation • Dipping cuttings • Keeping tools clean • Keeping floors clean • Being selective about people entering facility • Exclusion, keeping greenhouse sealed up • Removing dead / diseased materials
Lighting Research • Johansen, N.S., Vänninen, I., Pinto, D.M., Nissinen, A.I. and Shipp, L. (2011), In the light of new greenhouse technologies: 2. Direct effects of artificial lighting on arthropods and integrated pest management in greenhouse crops. Annals of Applied Biology, 159: 1–27. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.2011.00483.x
www.BugladyConsulting.com Buglady Consulting ● 4660 Trestle Lane ● Slatington, PA ● (610) 767-9221
● ● ● • Light supplementation improves the short-season establishment of Dicyphus hesperus (Knight) on commercial tomato crops. Roselyne Labbé, Dana Gagnier, Les Shipp. Proceedings of the Working Group Meeting at Niagara Falls (Canada), 4-8 June, 2017.
Aphids Common greenhouse aphids Peach aphid (Myzus persicae) o Light greenish-yellow, but it can be a darker green or sometimes a pink/rose color. o Cornicles same color as the body but dark at the tips. o Have indention between antenna on head Cotton or melon aphid (Aphis gossypii) o Smaller species. o Green to very dark (almost black) or yellow. o Cornicles short and darker. Potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) o Often has a darker stripe down the middle of its back o Cornicles are long and thin o Solid pink to green and pink mottled to light green Foxglove aphid (Aulacorthum solani) o Green o Glossy looking o Dark around base of cornicals Rice root aphid (Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale) o Found on roots unless winged form
Commercially available biological control agents for aphids Aphelinus abdominalis - for potato, foxglove and rose aphids Aphidius colemani - prefers cotton and green peach aphids Aphidius ervi - potato and foxglove aphids Aphidius matricariae- green peach aphid Aphidoletes aphidimyza - Target over 60 aphid species Chrysoperla rufilabris, Green lacewing larva
Thrips
Commercially available biological control agents for western flower thrips • Predatory Mites • Neoseiulus cucumeris • Amblyseius swirskii • Amblyseius degenerans • Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Hypoaspis miles)
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● ● ● • Predatory Insects • Orius insidiosus • Dalotia coriaria (Atheta coriaria) • Beneficial Nematodes • Steinernema feltiae
Whitefly
Greenhouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum • Often found in the tops of plants • Less resistant to pesticides • Does not live as long in high temperature • Optimum temperature 68° F - 77° F
Silverleaf Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci • Found all over plants • Often resistant to pesticides, Q-biotype • Likes higher temperatures • Optimum temperature 77° F - 86° F
Commercially available biological control agents for whitefly • Parasites • Encarsia formosa • Eretmocerus eremicus • Predatory Mites • Amblyseius swirskii • Beneficial Insects • Delphastus sp. • Chrysoperla rufilabris • Dicyphus hesperus Flies Commercially available biological control agents for Fungus Gnats (depends on media) • Steinernema feltiae • Dalotia coriaria (Atheta coriaria) • Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Hypoaspis miles) Commercially available biological control agents for Shore Flies (depends on media) • Steinernema carpocapsae • Dalotia coriaria (Atheta coriaria) may help some • Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Hypoaspis miles) may help some Commercially available biological control agents for Moth Flies • NA
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Caterpillars Commercially available biological control agents for caterpillars • Insects • Trichogramma platneri/minutum • Trichogramma pretiosum • Trichogramma brassicae • Trichogramma ostriniae • Lacewing (suppress) • Spray • Bacillus thuringiensis
Mites • Tetranychidae (Spider Mites) • Twospotted Spider Tetranychus urticae • Lewis Eotetranychus lewisi • Tarsonemidae • Broad Polyphagotarsonemus latus • Cyclamen Phytonemus pallidus • Bulb scale Steneotarsonemus laticeps • Eriophyidae (Bud, rust, gall) • Tomato Russet Mite Aculops lycopersici • Hemp Russet Mite Aculops cannabicola
Commercially available biological control agents for Spider Mites, Tetranychidae • Predatory Mites • Phytoseiulus persimilis • Neoseiulus californicus • Amblyseius fallacis • Beneficial Insects • Stethorus punctillum • Adults need 50 mite eggs per day or 75 to 100 pest mites per day • Chrysoperla rufilabris • Dicyphus hesperus • Feltiella acarisuga Commercially available biological control agents for Broad & Cyclamen Mites, Tarsonemidae • Neoseiulus californicus • Amblyseius swirskii • Neoseiulus cucumeris • Preventative dips • Horticultural oils
www.BugladyConsulting.com Buglady Consulting ● 4660 Trestle Lane ● Slatington, PA ● (610) 767-9221
● ● ● Commercially available biological control agents for Gall Mites, Eriophyidae Amblyseius andersoni Amblyseius cucumeris Neoseiulus californicus Neoseiulus fallacis Amblyseius swirskii (mixed results in cannabis) Preventative dips
Supplier of Biological Control Agents
Name Website Contact About http://betterplants.basf.us/products/n BASF (800) 232-5907 Beneficial nematodes emasys-l-bio-insecticide.html Beneficial Insectary www.insectary.com (800) 477-3715 Full Line BioBest Biological www.biobestgroup.com (519) 322-2178 Full Line Systems Beneficial nematodes, BioWorks, Inc. www.bioworksinc.com (800) 977-9443 biological disease control Koppert Biological www.koppert.com (800) 928-8827 Full Line Systems Assortment of beneficial Applied Bionomics www.appliedbio-nomics.com (250) 656-2123 insects and mites BioLine www.biolineagrosciences.com (805) 986-8265 Full Line AgroSciences [email protected] Assortment of beneficial BioBee www.biobee.com om insects and mites
Dipping Cuttings • Vineland Research and Innovation Centre. Michael Brownbridge, Rose Buitenhuis, Taro Saito, Angela Brommit, Paul Côté & Graeme Murphy • Best Dip Treatments From Research o BotaniGard + 0.5% soap o 0.1% Suffoil-X o NOT THE SAME AS SPRAY RATES • Dipping and Disease o Take Your Poinsettia Cuttings for a Dip, Rose Buitenhuis http://www.ballpublishing.com/GrowerTalks/ViewArticle.aspx?articleid= 22903 o Buitenhuis et al. 2016, “How to start with a clean crop: Biopesticide dips reduce populations of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on greenhouse poinsettia propagative cuttings.” Insects 7 (48).
www.BugladyConsulting.com Buglady Consulting ● 4660 Trestle Lane ● Slatington, PA ● (610) 767-9221
● ● ● Identification Hand Lens, 10x o Aphids o Scale o Whitefly Hand Lens, 30x o Mites o Thrips Dino-Lite http://www.amazon.com/Dino-Lite-Digital-Microscope-10x- Magnification/dp/B0015EQICO
KNOW YOUR CROP and state laws!!! These recommendations are not set in stone and may or may not work under your growing conditions or on your specific crop. This is a basic guide to get your started.
www.BugladyConsulting.com Buglady Consulting ● 4660 Trestle Lane ● Slatington, PA ● (610) 767-9221
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