NHSGGC Health and Wellbeing Survey

Volunteering Cross-sectional Analysis: Deprivation Debbie Maltman & Matthew Linning Volunteer , Research and Evaluation

www.volunteerscotland.org.uk @VolScot Contents Page

Section Slide 1. Research Overview 3 2. Survey Fields for Deprivation 13 3. Deprivation 16 4. Summary Highlights 26 5. Appendices 30

2 1. Research Overview

3 1. Research overview. • This presentation is one of a series of presentations that analyses volunteer participation in Greater and Clyde using the 2017/2018 NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health and Wellbeing survey.

Cross-sectional presentation topics Health and Wellbeing Community Engagement and Social Capital

Social Action Demographics Social isolation and loneliness Caring responsibilities Deprivation

• This presentation cross-tabulates social action with volunteering.

4 1. Research overview. • Currently Volunteer Scotland’s primary data source for the analysis of volunteering evidence in Scotland is the Scottish Household Survey (SHS). • The SHS has an (unweighted) sample size of 9,400 which allows for analysis of participation rates in Scotland across several dimensions, e.g. demographics such as age, gender, Scottish index of multiple deprivation, income levels, educational levels, religion and ethnicity. • While the SHS allows for analysis at a Scotland-wide level the analysis of geographical areas within Scotland is problematic due to the small sample sizes that the SHS provides for the 32 local authorities in Scotland. Table 1 below shows the SHS sample sizes for the 6 local authorities in the Greater Glasgow and Clyde area between 2013 and 2017.

SHS LA Sample Sizes 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 West Dunbartonshire 265 163 238 287 162 East Dunbartonshire 249 194 234 255 194 East Renfrewshire 252 163 258 233 159 Glasgow City 907 1,108 809 803 1,117 Inverclyde 251 149 270 239 145 Renfrewshire 268 319 286 273 316 Total 2,192 2,096 2,095 2,090 2,093

Table 1 - SHS unweighted random adult LA sample sizes in Greater Glasgow and Clyde 2013-2017. Source SHS 2013 -2017.

5 1. Research overview. • Small sample sizes for each of the local authorities leads to high variability in the participation rates and statistical difficulties in analysing sub-demographic groups e.g. age ranges and less robust statistical results where analysis is possible. • Table 2 below shows the variability in participation rates for Greater Glasgow and Clyde local authorities from 2013 to 2017. Participation Rates 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Glasgow City 21% 20% 20% 23% 21% East Dunbartonshire 35% 36% 31% 21% 34% East Renfrewshire 33% 31% 30% 29% 28% Inverclyde 28% 25% 21% 25% 25% Renfrewshire 26% 26% 22% 31% 27% West Dunbartonshire 23% 15% 18% 14% 16% SHS Scotland 28% 27% 27% 27% 28%

Table 2 - SHS volunteer participation rates Greater Glasgow and Clyde 2013-2017. Source SHS 2013 -2017. • In contrast to the variability in local authority participation rates, overall Scottish participation rates were relatively stable at between 27% and 28% during the same

6 1. Research overview. • The Health & Wellbeing Survey from NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (NHSGGC) has a substantially larger sample size (7,758) than SHS for the Greater Glasgow and Clyde area (2,094), which allows for a more robust and detailed analysis of NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde overall as well as a multilayered analysis of:

• Four ‘Geographical Areas’ (GAs) - East Dunbartonshire, Inverclyde, Renfrewshire and Glasgow City local authority areas. The GAs selected for analysis all have a boosted sample, which ensure that the sample is demographically representative of the area in terms of household size, age, gender and deprivation. As West Dunbartonshire and East Renfrewshire do not have a boosted sample, the sample sizes are too small to allow for a detailed individual analysis of these areas. • Three Glasgow City HSCP Localities (Glasgow South, Glasgow North East and Glasgow North West). • Four ‘Thriving Places’ (TPs) within Glasgow City (, Greater , / and / ) and 1 control area ( / ).

7 1. Research overview. A detailed analysis of volunteering within NHSGGC provides a unique opportunity for Volunteer Scotland to: • Provide greater insights into how volunteering in one geographical area in Scotland compares to overall volunteering in Scotland (SHS data). • Analyse variations in volunteering participation rates within Greater Glasgow and Clyde. • Allow new insights into volunteering in some of Scotland’s most deprived areas. Analysing Glasgow city where many areas are in the 15% most deprived areas in Scotland and the thriving Places in Greater Glasgow and Clyde where the population mainly reside in the most deprived areas will provide insights into deprivation at a city and locality level.

• Deprivation has been selected for analysis as data from the SHS shows a clear relationship between volunteer participation and deprivation, with the most deprived areas in Scotland having lower than the Scottish average and significantly lower than the least deprived areas in Scotland.

• This presentation analyses data for both the SHS and NHSGGC data in 2 ways:

• The percentage of adults living in areas with differing levels of deprivation.

• The variation in volunteering participation rates between those living in areas with differing levels of deprivation. 8 1. Research overview

• For each of the fields, the data is analysed as follows: SHS Overall NHSGGC

4 Geographical SIMD Q* Areas 3 Glasgow City Localities

4 Thriving Places + 1 control area (Ruchazie / Garthamlock) * SIMD Q - Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation Quintiles (SIMD Q). SIMD Q ranks areas in Scotland on a scale of: 1 - Most deprived 20% of the population; to 5 - Least deprived 20% of the population.

• The overall results for each of the survey fields is presented for all of the NHSGGC geographical levels. For volunteer participation rates only the statistically significant results will be presented. For example the relationship between deprivation and volunteer participation is not statistically significant in Greater Gorbals so this area is excluded from the chart. This will provide a clearer view on where volunteering differs between geographic areas. 9 1. Research Overview - NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde

10 1. Research Overview - Glasgow City SIMD- Most Deprived 20%

Yellow circle show the data zones that make up the thriving places. 11 1. Research overview. • This presentation focuses exclusively on Formal Volunteering – defined as “……. Giving up time to help any groups, clubs or organisations in an unpaid capacity” that individuals have undertaken at least once in the past 12 months.

• It is important to note that correlation between the fields analysed and volunteering does not imply causation. Where we see a relationship between the variables this does not necessarily mean that one causes the other. For example a correlation between adults living in less deprived areas and volunteering does not mean that volunteering causes adults to live in less deprived areas. Instead, it may be that those who live in less deprived areas are attracted into volunteering. We just don’t know.

12 1. Research overview. • For the analysis of deprivation in the Ruchill / Possilpark Thriving Place Datazone S01010220 has been excluded from the analysis due to boundary changes for the SIMD datazones which gave rise to a small and anomalous dataset classified as Quintile 5. This datazone only has a working age population of 424. The consequences of this boundary change are explained below.

• Thriving Place boundaries were initially established using the 2001 Datazones. A change in Datazone boundaries in 2011 split a Datazone (S01003492) into a number of smaller datazones including S01010220. Datazone S01010220 has been classified as an SIMD Q5 area, however all other Datazones that were previously part of S01003492 are still classified as SIMD Q1 or SIMD Q2. The figure opposite shows the new SIMD Q5 Datazone (bottom right area which is shaded dark blue) compared to the other data zones (circled in yellow) of Ruchill / Possilpark. The analysis of deprivation in this presentation focuses on the SIMD Q1 and Q2 areas only which was the basis of the selection of the original Ruchill/Possilpark Thriving Place.

13 2. Survey Fields for Deprivation

14 2. Deprivation fields.

The SHS and NHSGGC fields selected for analysis of ‘deprivation’ are :

SHS Question NHSGGC H&W survey questions Response Categories

SIMDQ SIMD16_Quintile Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation Quintiles (SIMD Q). SIMD Q ranks areas in Scotland on a scale of 1- Most deprived 20% of the population to 5 – Least deprived 20% of the population.

SIMD16 15% MD (20% if East Dunbartonshire). SIMD16_1520 This field splits the areas in NHSGGC into 2 groups: • Those living in the 15% most deprived areas (20% in East Dunbartonshire). • All other areas.

15 3. Deprivation

16 Deprivation - Scottish Population Volunteer participation and SIMD Q SIMD Q ranks areas in Scotland on a scale of 40% 1- Most deprived 20% of the population 35% 35% to 32%

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5 – Least deprived 20% of the population t 30%

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t 25% 27%

a 22%

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There is a 17% difference in participation rates from 0% SIMD Q1 to SIMD Q5. SIMD Q1 SIMD Q2 SIMD Q3 SIMD Q4 SIMD Q5

Source: Scottish Household Survey (SHS) 2016 17 SIMD Q - NHSGGC Overall

SIMD Q Volunteer Participation and SIMD Q 40% 25% 24% 35% 22% 35% 21%

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0% 0% SIMD Q1 SIMD Q2 SIMD Q3 SIMD Q4 SIMD Q5 SIMD Q1 SIMD Q2 SIMD Q3 SIMD Q4 SIMD Q5 Participation rates are: 35% of adults in NHSGGC live in SIMD Q1, the 20% most deprived • 6% below the NHSGGC average for SIMD Q1. areas in Scotland compared to 21% who live in SIMD Q5, the 20% least deprived areas in Scotland. • 1% below the NHSGGC average for SIMD Q2. • 3% above the NHSGGC average for SIMD Q3. • 4% above the NHSGGC average for SIMD Q4. • 6% above the NHSGGC average for SIMD Q5. Source: NHSGGC 2017/2018 Health & Wellbeing survey 18 SIMD Q – NHSGGC Geographical Areas Volunteer Participation and SIMD Q SIMD Q 35% GA Average NHSGGC Average 30% 30%

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Inverclyde 44% 12% 15% 17% 13% i 17% t

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e 11% e t 12% n 10% 11% Renfrewshire 27% 16% 20% 15% 23% u l 9% o 6% 5% V 5% East

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D D SIMD Q1 SIMD Q2 SIMD Q3 SIMD Q4 SIMD Q5 SIMD Q1 SIMD Q2 SIMD Q3 SIMD Q4 SIMD Q5 46% of adults in Glasgow City live in an SIMD Q1 area, compared to For all geographical areas participation rates are below their geographical 5% in East Dunbartonshire. area average for SIMD Q1 and above average for SIMD Q5. Only 11% of adults in Glasgow City live in an SIMD Q5 area, Glasgow City has below average participation rates in SIMD Q1 and above compared to 54% in East Dunbartonshire. average participation rates for all other quintiles.

Source: NHSGGC 2017/2018 Health & Wellbeing survey 19 SIMD Q – Glasgow City Localities Volunteer Participation and SIMD Q SIMD Q 45%

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N N 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% N % of Adults (16+) SIMD Q1 SIMD Q2 SIMD Q3 SIMD Q4 SIMD Q5 SIMD Q1 SIMD Q2 SIMD Q3 SIMD Q4 SIMD Q5 All Glasgow city localities have participation rates below the city locality average participation rates for SIMD Q1. Glasgow North East has 62% of adults living in an SIMD Q1 area and no adults living in an SIMD Q5 area. Glasgow North East and Glasgow North West have below average participation rates in SIMD Q1 and Q2 and above average participation rates for Q3-Q5. Glasgow South has 41% of adults living in an SIMD Q1 area and 11% living in an SIMD Q5 area. Glasgow South has below average participation rates in SIMD Q1 and Q5 and above average participation rates in Q2-Q4. Glasgow North West has 39% of adults living in an SIMD Q1 areas and 21% living in an SIMD Q5 area.

Source: NHSGGC 2017/2018 Health & Wellbeing survey 20 SIMD Q – Thriving Places Volunteer Participation Rate SIMD Q 18% 17%

Parkhead/ e 16% 15% t

Dalmarnock 90% 10% a r 14%

14% 13%

n o

i 12% Ruchill/ t 12% 76% 24% a

Possilpark p i

c 10%

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t r

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Greater Gorbals p

75% 25% r

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n 4%

Govanhill u

71% 29% l o

V 2% Ruchazie/ Garthamlock 77% 23% 0% (Control Area) Ruchazie/ Govanhill Greater Parkhead/ Ruchill/ Garthamlock Gorbals Dalmarnock Possilpark 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% (Control % of Adults (16+) Area) SIMD Q1 SIMD Q2

At least 70% of adults in each thriving place lives in an SIMD Q1 area As all of the Thriving places are comprised of SIMD Q1 and Q2 areas, only with Parkhead / Dalmarnock having 90% of adults living in an SIMD an overall participation rate is reported. Q1 area. Participation rates are highest in Greater Gorbals (17%) and lowest in Parkhead / Dalmarnock (12%).

Source: NHSGGC 2017/2018 Health & Wellbeing survey 21 Most deprived areas – NHSGGC Overall 20% Most Deprived East Dunbartonshire / 15% all other geographical locations Most deprived areas Volunteer Participation and Most deprived areas 80% 25% 70% 70% 20% 20%

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0% 0% Bottom 15% / 20% Other Areas Bottom 15% / 20% Other Areas Participation rates are: 30% of adults in NHSGGC live in the 15% (20% for East Dunbartonshire) most deprived areas in Scotland. • 6% below the NHSGGC average for adults living in the most deprived areas. • 2% above the NHSGGC average for adults living in other areas.

Source: NHSGGC 2017/2018 Health & Wellbeing survey 22 Most deprived areas – Geographical Locations 20% Most Deprived East Dunbartonshire / 15% all other geographical locations Volunteer Participation and Most deprived areas Most deprived areas 30% 25%

25%

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Glasgow City a

41% 59% r

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Inverclyde 36% 65% r

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G G R % of Adults (16+) R Bottom 15% Other Areas Bottom 15% / 20% Other Areas The relationship between the most deprived areas and volunteer participation in not statistically significant in East Dunbartonshire. 41% of adults in Glasgow City live in the 15% most deprived areas of Scotland, compared to only 5% in East Dunbartonshire who live in the Participation rates in the other geographical locations are: 20% most deprived areas in Scotland. • Below average for adults living in the most deprived areas. • Above average for adults living in other areas. Source: NHSGGC 2017/2018 Health & Wellbeing survey 23 15% Most deprived areas – Glasgow City Localities

Most deprived areas Volunteer Participation and Most deprived areas 30% 27% 27% Glasgow North 25%

55% 45% e

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Glasgow South 38% 62% r 11%

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Glasgow North V 5% 32% 68% West 0% Glasgow North Glasgow South Glasgow North Glasgow South 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% West West % of Adults (16+) Bottom 15% Other Areas

Bottom 15% Other Areas The relationship between the most deprived areas and volunteer participation in not statistically significant Glasgow North East. Over half (55%) of adults in Glasgow North East live in the 15% most deprived areas in Scotland. Participation rates in the other city localities are: • Below average for adults living in the most deprived areas. • Above both the city locality and NHSGGC average for adults Source: NHSGGC 2017/2018 Health & Wellbeing survey living in other areas. 24 15% Most deprived areas – Thriving Places

Most deprived areas Volunteer Participation Rate 18% 17% Parkhead/

90% 10% e 16% 15%

Dalmarnock t a

r 14%

14% 13%

n o

Greater Gorbals 75% 25% i 12%

t 12%

a

p i

c 10%

Ruchill/ i t Possilpark 74% 26% r

a 8%

p

r

e 6%

Govanhill 59% 41% e t

n 4% u

Ruchazie/ l o

Garthamlock 77% 23% V 2% (Control Area) 0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Ruchazie/ Govanhill Greater Parkhead/ Ruchill/ % of Adults (16+) Garthamlock Gorbals Dalmarnock Possilpark (Control Bottom 15% Other Areas Area)

At least 59% of adults in each thriving place lives in the 15% most As at least 59% of the Thriving places are in the bottom 15%, only an deprived areas in Scotland, Parkhead / Dalmarnock has 90% of overall participation rate is reported. adults living in the most deprived areas. Participation rates are highest in Greater Gorbals (17%) and lowest in Parkhead / Dalmarnock (12%).

Source: NHSGGC 2017/2018 Health & Wellbeing survey 25 4. Summary Highlights

26 Summary highlights

The NHSGGC Health and Wellbeing Survey data has allowed for analysis of volunteer participation and deprivation in some of Scotland's most deprived areas.

In Scotland 20% of adults live in an SIMD Q1 area, in Glasgow City 46% of adults live in an SIMD Q1 area.

Breaking down Glasgow City into Glasgow city localities shows that in Glasgow North East 62% of adults live in an SIMD Q1 area.

In the Thriving places in Glasgow at least 70% of adults live in an SIMD Q1 area, Parkhead and Dalmarnock has 90% of adults living in an SIMD Q1 area.

Volunteer participation and deprivation follow the overall Scottish trend of below average participation rates in the most deprived areas and above average participation rates in the least deprived areas.

In Scotland there is a difference of 17% in volunteer participation rates between SIMD Q1 and Q5; in NHSGGC the difference is only 12%.

27 Summary highlights

In Scotland participation rates are below average for SIMD Q1 and Q2 and above average for Q3-Q5. NHSGGC overall mirrors the Scottish trends with below average participation rates for SIMD Q1 and Q2 and above average for Q3- Q5. The participation rates for Q3-Q5 are above the NHSGGC average (18%). In Glasgow city, the trend in participation rates is different to the NHSGGC and Scotland. Participation rates are below average in SIMD Q1 and above average for all other quintiles. For SIMD Q3 (28%) and SIMD Q4(30%) participation rates are above the NHSGGC SIMD Q average participation rate (21% - Q3 and 22% - Q4 ). In the Glasgow City Localities Glasgow North West and Glasgow North East follow the Scottish and NHSGGC trend with below average participation rates in SIMD Q1 and Q2 and above average rates for Q3-Q5. In Glasgow South participation rates are below average for SIMD Q1 and Q5 and above average in Q2-Q4, where participations rates in Q2 (31%) and Q3 (31%) exceed both the NHSGGC quintile averages (Q2 - 17% and Q3 - 29%) and Scottish quintile averages (Q2 - 22% and Q3 -29%).

28 Summary highlights

When considering the most deprived areas in NHSGGC, participation rates are below average for those living in the most deprived areas and above average for those living in the least deprived areas. In Glasgow North West and Glasgow South, participation rates (27%) are equal to the Scottish average for adults not living in the most deprived areas. This analysis shows that’s SIMD Q1 has lower than average participation rates in Scotland, NHSGGC, all NHSGGC geographical locations, and all Glasgow City localities. However the analysis of NHSGGC shows that in Glasgow City and Glasgow South participation rates for SIMD Q2 are above average, the opposite to the below average rates in SIMD Q2 in Scotland. Further research into specific programs being run in NHSGGC areas with above participation rates for SIMD Q2 would help to understand the higher than average participation rates in SIMD Q2.

29 5. Appendices

30 Appendix 1 – Sample Size and Participation rates

31 Appendix 2 – Deprivation profiles SIMD Q

2017/18 Volunteer Participation % of adult population living in SIMD Q Rate Geographic Area SIMD Q1 SIMD Q2 SIMD Q3 SIMD Q4 SIMD Q5 % East Dunbartonshire 5% 18% 8% 15% 54% 20% Inverclyde 44% 12% 15% 17% 13% 15% Renfrewshire 27% 16% 20% 15% 23% 10% Glasgow City 46% 17% 17% 8% 11% 20% Glasgow City Localities Glasgow South 41% 25% 19% 5% 11% 23% Glasgow North East 62% 13% 15% 10% 0% 15% Glasgow North West 39% 13% 17% 10% 21% 22% Neighbourhoods Ruchazie/Garthamlock 77% 23% 14% (Control Area) Govanhill 71% 29% 13% Greater Gorbals 75% 25% 17% Parkhead/Dalmarnock 90% 10% 12% Ruchill/Possilpark 76% 24% 15% NHSGGC Overall 35% 17% 16% 11% 21% 18% Scotland 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 27% 32