POLITICS 315 Nationalism and Identity

Course syllabus

Course coordinator: Dr James Headley

Semester 2 2014 Course description

This course explores the major debates and themes in the study of nations and nationalism. The first half of the course examines the notion of identity, the concepts of nation and ethnicity, the origins of nations and nationalism, and the historical development of nationalism from the nineteenth century to the post-Cold War period. The second half of the course examines contemporary debates about nationalism, including the basis of national identity, national identity in an international context, poly-ethnic and multinational states, and self-determination and secession. A variety of examples from around the world are used to illustrate. Course details

Lecturer: Dr James Headley Office Hours: Mon 2-3, Thurs 1-2 (or by appointment) Room 4S1, 4th Floor, Arts Building Tel: 479 8616 Email: [email protected]

Lectures and tutorials: There are two lectures per week, on Tuesdays and Thursdays, 10:00-10:50am. The lectures are designed to give an introduction to the main themes and issues of the course. They combine theoretical and empirical analysis of nationalism and associated issues, using a range of examples. I will give a skeletal handout for each lecture, but it is up to you to take relevant notes. Sometimes it may be necessary to complete the topic of a lecture in the following lecture as they do not always fit conveniently into 50-minute time slots.

There will also be one tutorial per week (times/groups to be arranged), starting week two, for student-centred discussion and debate of readings relating to topics covered in the lectures. Although the tutorials are not compulsory, they are an essential part of the course and will help you to understand the topics covered and assessed. It is important that you prepare for the tutorials so that you will be able to contribute constructively to class discussions. This means doing the required reading on the topic for discussion. I will put discussion questions for you to consider before each tutorial on Blackboard.

Please remember to switch off your mobile phones before the lectures and tutorials start.

Assessment:

• One written assignment, 3000 words maximum (40%) • Two critical reviews, 1000 words maximum each (15% each) • Final exam: two hours, two essay questions (30%) Course objectives

By the end of the course students should be able to:

• demonstrate an understanding of the key concepts and theories of nationalism; • show knowledge of nationalism in the past and in the contemporary world; • display awareness of the ways in which national identity is constructed and contested; • apply their understanding of nationalism in written analysis; • identify and critically evaluate relevant theoretical and empirical literature on nationalism.

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Provisional lecture and tutorial outline tutorial and lecture Provisional Lecture date Lecture Tues 8 July 8 Tues July 10 Thurs July 15 Tues July 17 Thurs July 22 Tues July 24 Thurs July 29 Tues July 31 Thurs Aug 5 Tues Aug 7 Thurs Aug 12 Tues Aug 14 Thurs Aug 19 Tues Aug 21 Thurs Sept 2 Tues Sept 4 Thurs Sept 9 Tues Sept 11 Thurs Sept 16 Tues Sept 18 Thurs Sept 23 Tues Sept 25 Thurs Sept 30 Tues Oct 2 Thurs Oct 7 Tues Oct 9 Thurs

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3 Assessment

Critical reviews (30%) Deadlines: Monday 18 August (1st review on one of tutorials 1-5) Friday 10 October (2nd review on one of tutorials 6-10) Word limit: 1000 words max.

You will write two critical reviews of a maximum 1000 words each, and each worth 15% of your overall mark. The first review relates to your choice of one of the tutorial topics 1-5, and the second review relates to your choice of one of the tutorial topics 6-10.

The critical review should address the issues raised in the readings for one tutorial and the questions discussed at the tutorial. Use the tutorial discussion questions on Blackboard as a guide. The review will be assessed on the basis of your understanding of the issues and the clarity of your analysis.

Content In the critical review you should: − show how the readings relate to the key issues for this topic; − show what the readings argue in relation to those issues; − assess the strengths and weaknesses of the arguments in the readings; − show how the readings relate to each other; − give your response to the readings and justify it: • do you agree with the arguments of one or other or both of the readings? • what is your opinion of the topic? e.g. is it important? why/why not? • refer to relevant examples/cases as evidence where appropriate.

Referencing and sources You do not need to refer to sources beyond the two tutorial readings for that topic: the point is to engage with the readings directly and show your understanding of the issues raised.

You do not need to cite the two readings you are discussing – you only need to cite the author and the page number(s) where appropriate. If you do refer to another source, reference it with a footnote or endnote using a recognised academic reference style. You do not need a bibliography.

Style The critical review should adhere to the same stylistic and grammatical requirements as an essay/research paper: − use paragraphs to structure your review; − do not use abbreviations or colloquialisms; − it is fine to use the first person (‘I believe that…’, ‘my view is that…’); − punctuate and spell correctly; − proofread it carefully; − do not exceed the word limit (1000 words).

4 Research essay (40%) Deadline: Monday 29 September Word limit: 3000 words max.

Analyse a case of nationalism in the contemporary world.

For this assignment, you will focus on a particular country or sub-state region to consider some of the topics explored in the course. The essay must be an analysis: you must consider the case in the context of nationalism as covered in the course, rather than simply give a description of the case. Questions to be covered may include: − what are the key issues involved? − what are the aims of the relevant groups? − are theories of nationalism useful for understanding the issues? − what does the case show about the nature of nationalism in the contemporary world?

For the purpose of this essay, ‘nationalism’ can be interpreted broadly to include cases of sub-state nationalism (e.g. demands by a group within a state for autonomy or independence), state- sponsored nationalism (e.g. promotion of national identity, repression of minorities), everyday nationalism and development of national identity, nationalist political movements, etc.. However, you should explain why your case is a study of ‘nationalism’ (applying definitions and theories that we have discussed).

Please set yourself a specific question that will help you to focus the analysis and to present a developed argument backed up by evidence, and check the question and topic with me.

The essay will be assessed on the basis of the following criteria: − structure and organisation; − analytical development; − relevant research (you should use a range of appropriate sources, including books, articles, internet sources, news sources, and official documents); − understanding of the issues; − contextualisation of the case; − application of theory; − clarity of style; − correct use and formatting of references and bibliography (I will accept any of the widely- used academic reference styles as long as you are consistent); − correct grammar and spelling; − not exceeding the word limit.

You should plan the essay carefully so that it develops a coherent argument, with clearly ‘signposted’ links between sections. You may use headings for sections, but not too many as it makes it disjointed, and make sure that you still explain the links between sections. Proofread the working draft carefully to check that each sentence is clear and grammatical.

Advice on essay writing and referencing can be found on the Student Learning Website at http://hedc.otago.ac.nz/hedc/sld.html

5 Formatting and submitting coursework

Please use 1.5 or double spacing for all coursework, and full justify. You may print the assignments double-sided.

For the research essay, make sure that you provide a full bibliography of sources used.

Essays and reviews must be put in the 300-level essay box by the corridor to the Politics Department (Arts Building, 4th floor, North end) by 4.30pm on the due date. You must attach a cover sheet (template on Blackboard) to the hard copy giving number and title of paper, title of essay/review, your name and id. number, date of submission, word count (excluding bibliography), and signed plagiarism declaration: Declaration: I have read and understood the University plagiarism policy. I declare that this assignment is entirely my own work, all sources have been properly acknowledged, and that I have not previously submitted this work, or any version of it, for assessment in any other paper.

Late assignments will incur a penalty of 5% per day (e.g. if it is one day late and it is awarded 75%, that will be reduced to 70%). Late essays/reviews should be taken to the Departmental Office (4C12) to be dated. Work that is more than four days late without an extension will not be graded.

Extensions will be granted for serious reasons only (in the case of illness, a medical certificate is required). You must complete an application form for an extension and this must be signed by me before the assignment due date (except in unavoidable circumstances). These forms are available on the table outside the Departmental Office (4C12).

You must also upload an electronic copy of your essay to Blackboard (under ‘Assignments’). This will allow it to be automatically checked for plagiarism by the University’s Safe Assign software as explained below:

Safe Assign is a plagiarism detection tool which can report matches between sections of students’ work submitted to it and material on a comprehensive database to which Safe Assign has access. This includes material on the internet and other students’ assignments which have previously been submitted to Safe Assign. Assignments will need to be submitted to the Final Version assignment folder under ‘Assignments’ on Blackboard. You may submit your assignment to this folder only once. You also have the option of submitting one draft assignment to the ‘Draft’ folder. If you choose to utilise this option, you will receive the report generated which contains a percentage mark of the paper that matches other sources. Assignments submitted to the ‘Draft’ folder will not be assessed; however, the report will be available for the paper co-ordinator to view.

You can find further information on Safe Assign and dishonest practice at: http://www.otago.ac.nz/blackboard/assessing-your-students/anti-plagiarism-safeassign/anti- plagiarism/

Note also the University Statement on Plagiarism: Students should make sure that all submitted work is their own. Plagiarism is a form of dishonest practice. Plagiarism is defined as copying or paraphrasing another’s work, whether intentionally or otherwise, and presenting it as one’s own (University of Otago Calendar 2014 page 209). In practice this means plagiarism includes any attempt in any piece of submitted work (e.g. an assignment or test) to present one’s own work as the work of another (whether of another student or a published

6 authority). Any student found responsible for plagiarism in any piece of work submitted for assessment shall be subject to the University’s dishonest practice regulations which may result in various penalties, including forfeiture of marks for the piece of work submitted, a zero grade for the paper, or in extreme cases exclusion from the University. The University of Otago reserves the right to use plagiarism detection tools.

Further details on plagiarism are available at http://www.otago.ac.nz/study/plagiarism/ and the University’s Dishonest Practice Guidelines are available at http://www.otago.ac.nz/administration/policies/otago003145.html

Please speak to me if you have any queries regarding the citation of material.

Exam (30%) Two-hours: two essay questions, one from each section. Section A assesses your overall understanding and knowledge of themes covered in the first half of the course (theories of nationalism and historical development).

Section B assesses your overall understanding and knowledge of themes covered in the second half of the course (nations and nationalism today).

7 Sources

Readings for tutorials are in the course reader which can be purchased from the Uniprintshop, Ground Floor, ISB. They are also on Blackboard. A copy of the reader and a number of recommended books will be placed in the course reserve. There is a large range of books on nationalism in the library under JC311, as well as many books for specific topics and case studies.

Recommended introductory texts and readers Breen, Keith and Shane O'Neill (eds), After the Nation? Critical Reflections on Nationalism and Post- nationalism (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010). Day, Graham and Andrew Thompson, Theorizing Nationalism (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004). Eley, Geoff and Ronald Suny (eds), Becoming National: A Reader (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996). Grosby, Steven, Nationalism: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2005). Guibernau, Monserrat and John Hutchinson (eds), Understanding Nationalism (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001). Harris, Erika, Nationalism: Theories and Cases (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009). Hearn, Jonathan, Rethinking Nationalism: A Critical Introduction (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006). Hutchinson, John and Anthony D. Smith (eds), Nationalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994). Özkirimli, Umut, Theories of Nationalism: A Critical Introduction, 2nd edition (London: MacMillan, 2010). Özkirimli, Umut, Contemporary Debates on Nationalism: A Critical Engagement (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005). Özkirimli, Umut (ed.), Nationalism and Its Futures (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003). Smith, Anthony D., Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History, 2nd edition (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2010). Sutherland, Claire, Nationalism in the Twenty-First Century: Challenges and Responses (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012).

Other recommended books Anderson, Benedict, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, rev. edition (London/New York: Verso, 2006). Billig, Michael, Banal Nationalism (London: Sage, 1995). Conversi, Daniele (ed.), Ethnonationalism in the Contemporary World (London/New York: Routledge, 2002). Fenton, Steve and Stephen May (eds), Ethnonational Identities (London: Palgrave, 2002). Gellner, Ernest, Nations and Nationalism (Oxford: Blackwell, 1983). Greenfeld, Liah, Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992). Hall, John A. (ed.), The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998). Hutchinson, John, Nations as Zones of Conflict (London: SAGE, 2005). Kedourie, Elie, Nationalism, 4th edition (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993). Mortimer, Edward (ed.), People, Nation and State: The Meaning of Ethnicity and Nationalism (London: I. B. Tauris, 1999). Periwal, Sukumar (ed.), Notions of Nationalism (Budapest: Central European University Press, 1995).

8 Smith, Anthony D., Nations and Nationalism in a Global Era (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995).

Reference books Cashmore, Ellis (ed.), Encyclopedia of Race and Ethnic Studies (London: Routledge, 2004). Delanty, Gerard and Krishan Kumar (eds), The SAGE Handbook of Nations and Nationalism (London: SAGE, 2006). Levinson, David (ed.), Ethnic Groups Worldwide: a Ready Reference Handbook (Phoenix, Ariz.: Oryx Press, 1998). Minahan, James (ed.), Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2002). Motyl, Alexander (ed.), Encyclopedia of Nationalism (San Diego, Calif.; London: Academic Press, 2001). Rudolph, Joseph R. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Modern Ethnic Conflicts (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2003).

Recommended journals and databases Journals on national identity, nationalism and ethnicity: Ethnic and Racial Studies Ethnicities Ethnopolitics National identities Nationalism and Ethnic Politics Nationalities Papers Nations and Nationalism Political Geography Race and Class

Other journals and periodicals on comparative politics and international relations; e.g.: Economist Foreign Affairs Foreign Policy Guardian Weekly International Affairs (London) International Security Political Science Quarterly Security Dialogue Survival World Today

Databases You can find newspaper and journal articles for your assignments from databases such as Academic Search Complete, Factiva, and ProQuest; they can be accessed through the Article Databases section of the Library web-site (browse by Database name or click ‘Politics’ under ‘browse by Subject’) or just search on the library home page.

Web-sites The following is a sample of the many internet sites with resources relevant to the course: BBC: http://www.bbc.co.uk Centre for International Development and Conflict Management: http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/ Consortium of Minority Resources COMIR: http://lgi.osi.hu/comir/

9 Ernest Gellner Resource Page: http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/gellner/index.htm Ethnicity, Nationalism and Migration Section of the International Studies Association: http://isanet.ccit.arizona.edu/sections/enm/ Guardian Online: www.guardian.co.uk Institute for the Study of Conflict, Ideology, and Policy in Russia and Newly Independent States: www.bu.edu/iscip International Crisis Group: http://www.crisisgroup.org/ Internet Modern History Sourcebook – Nationalism: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook17.html Minority Rights Group: http://www.minorityrights.org/ Solomon Asch Center for Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict: http://aschcenter.blogs.brynmawr.edu/ The Nationalism Project: http://www.nationalismproject.org/ Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars (several relevant programs): http://www.wilsoncenter.org/

10 Tutorial topics and required readings

Please prepare for the tutorials by reading the relevant week’s tutorial readings and taking notes in relation to the tutorial discussion questions which I will put on Blackboard and e-mail before the tutorial. The readings are in the reading brick and on Blackboard under ‘Tutorials’.

These readings are not generally introductions to the topic (see recommended books and recommended readings for lecture topics for that): they are intended to provide a basis for discussion and debate about the topic, often through examples.

Tutorial 1. What is a nation?

− Ernest Renan, ‘What is a Nation?’ [1882], reproduced in Geoff Eley and Ronald Grigor Suny (eds), Becoming National: A Reader (Oxford: OUP, 1996), pp. 41-55. − Steven Grosby, ‘What is a Nation?’, chapter 2 in Nationalism: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 7-26.

Tutorial 2. Theories of historical nationalism

− Anthony D. Smith, ‘Paradigms’, chapter 3 in Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001), pp. 43-61. − Craig Calhoun, ‘Nationalism Matters’, chapter 2 in Nations Matter: Culture, History and the Cosmopolitan Dream (Abingdon: Routledge, 2007), pp. 27-49.

Tutorial 3. The Age of Nationalism

− Peter Alter, ‘Emancipation and Oppression: Towards a Typology of Nationalism’, chapter 2 in Nationalism (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp Verlag Franfurt am Main, 1989), pp. 24-54. − Guiseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, ‘The Troubles of Don Fabrizio’, extract from The Leopard [1958], trans. Archibald Colquhoun (London: Random House, 1998), pp. 67-98.

Tutorial 4. After empire

− Ania Loomba, ‘Challenging Colonialism’, from chapter 3 in Colonialism/Postcolonialism, 2nd edn (Abingdon: Routledge, 2005), pp. 154-179. − Damien Kingsbury, ‘Challenges of Constructing Postcolonial Unity: Timor-Leste as a Case Study’, Asian Politics & Policy, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2012, pp. 15-32.

Tutorial 5. After Communism

− Dubravka Ugrešić, ‘The Culture of Lies’, in The Culture of Lies: Antipolitical Essays, trans. Celia Hawkesworth (London: Phoenix, 1995), pp. 66-85. − Ronald Grigor Suny, ‘Constructing Primordialism: Old Histories for New Nations’, Journal of Modern History, Vol. 73, No. 4, 2001, pp. 863-896.

11 Tutorial 6. Symbolising the nation

− Subrata K. Mitra and Lion König, ‘Icon-ising National Identity: France and India in Comparative Perspective’, National Identities, Vol. 15, No. 4, 2013, pp. 357-377. − Warren Pearson and Grant O’Neill, ‘Australia Day: A Day for All Australians?’, in David McCrone and Gayle McPherson (eds), National Days: Constructing and Mobilising National Identity (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), pp. 73-88.

Tutorial 7. Culture and values

− William Safran, ‘Language, Ethnicity and Religion: A Complex and Persistent Linkage’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2008, pp. 171-190. − John Hutchinson, ‘Cultural Wars’, chapter 3 in Nations as Zones of Conflict (London: SAGE, 2005), pp. 77-113.

Tutorial 8. Poly-ethnic states

− Rachel Simon-Kumar, ‘Difference and Diversity in Aotearoa/New Zealand: Post-neoliberal Constructions of the Ideal Ethnic Citizen’, Ethnicities, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2014, pp. 136-159. − Jeffrey C. Alexander, ‘Struggling over the Mode of Incorporation: Backlash against Multiculturalism in Europe’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2013, pp. 531-556.

Tutorial 9. Secession and self-determination

− Mikulas Fabry, ‘The Contemporary Practice of State Recognition: Kosovo, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, and their Aftermath’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 40, No. 5, 2012, pp. 661-676. − Montserrat Guibernau, ‘Secessionism in Catalonia: After Democracy’, Ethnopolitics, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2013, pp. 368-393.

Tutorial 10. Beyond nationalism?

− Peter Catterall, ‘Democracy, Cosmopolitanism and National Identity in a “Globalizing” World’, National Identities, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2011, pp. 329-347. − Graham Day and Andrew Thompson, ‘The “Challenge of Globalization”: Between Nationalism and Globalism’, chapter 9 in Theorizing Nationalism (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), pp. 169-190.

12 Lecture topics and recommended readings

This is a guide to some of the extensive literature available on the lecture topics. I recommend that you read one or two of the readings for each topic to prepare for the lecture: I have included a variety of readings for each topic, so you can choose ones that interest you or are relevant for your research essay. Remember, though, that the general texts listed on p. 8 are often the best starting point for preparatory reading for the lecture topic and for your essay and exam preparation. However, you will also need to look at a range of readings on particular topics to prepare for the exam and for your research essay. Most of the articles/chapters listed below are on Blackboard.

Case study: Kosovo

Themes: − Introduction to themes of course − The Kosovo conflict − Kosovo as an independent ‘state’

Recommended reading: − The Independent International Commission on Kosovo, The Kosovo Report: Conflict, International Response, Lessons Learned (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000) [available as E-Book through library catalogue, or as pdf on Blackboard]. − Marc Weller, ‘Kosovo’s Final Status’, International Affairs, Vol. 84, No. 6, pp. 1223-1243. − Marc Weller, ‘The Vienna Negotiations on the Final Status for Kosovo’, International Affairs, Vol. 84, No. 4, pp. 659-681. − Tim Judah, ‘Kosovo’s Moment of Truth’, Survival, Vol. 47, No. 2, 2005, pp. 73-84. − James Headley, Russia and the Balkans: Foreign Policy from Yeltsin to Putin (London/New York: Hurst and Co./Columbia University Press, 2008). − Noel Malcolm, Kosovo: A Short History (London: Papermac, 1998). − Tim Judah, Kosovo: What Everyone Needs to Know (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008). − Tim Judah, Kosovo: War and Revenge (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000).

Forms of identity

Topics: − What is ‘identity’? − Nation; ethnic group; race; other identities

Recommended reading: − Steve Fenton and Stephen May, ‘Ethnicity, Nation and “Race”: Connections and Disjunctures’, in Steve Fenton and Stephen May (eds), Ethnonational Identities (London: Palgrave, 2002). − Rogers Brubaker and Frederick Cooper, ‘Beyond “Identity”’, Theory and Society, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2000, pp. 1-47. − Siniša Malešević, ‘The Chimera of National Identity’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2011, pp. 272-290. − Stuart Hall, ‘Ethnicity: Identity and Difference’ (1989), reproduced in Geoff Eley and Ronald Suny (eds), Becoming National: A Reader (Oxford: OUP, 1996).

13 − Thomas Spira, ‘Ethnicity and Nationality: the Twin Matrices of Nationalism’ in Daniele Conversi (ed.), Ethnonationalism in the Contemporary World (London: Routledge, 2002). − John Hutchinson, ‘Ethnicity and Modern Nations’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2000, pp. 651-669.

Theories/typologies of nations and nationalism

Topics: − What is nationalism? − Theories of nationalism − When were nations formed? − Typologies of nations/nationalisms

Recommended reading: − Jan Penrose and Richard C. M. Mole, ‘Nation-States and National Identity’, in Kevin R. Cox, Murray Low and Jennifer Robinson (eds), The SAGE Handbook of Political Geography (London/Los Angeles: SAGE, 2008). − Andrew Heywood, ‘Nationalism’, chapter 6 in Political Ideologies: An Introduction, 5th edition (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012). − Umut Özkirimli, ‘What is Nationalism?’, chapter 2 in Contemporary Debates on Nationalism: A Critical Engagement (Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 2005). − Umut Özkirimli, ‘Discourses and Debates on Nationalism’, chapter 2 in Theories of Nationalism: A Critical Introduction (London: MacMillan, 2000). − Oren Yiftachel, ‘The Homeland and Nationalism’, in Alexander Motyl (ed.), Encyclopedia of Nationalism: Fundamental Themes (Vol. 1) (San Diego, Calif./London: Academic Press, 2001), pp. 359-383. − Andreas Wimmer, ‘A Swiss Anomaly? A Relational Account of National Boundary-making’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 17, No. 4, 2011, pp. 718-737. − Umut Özkirimli, ‘The Nation as an Artichoke? A Critique of Ethnosymbolist Interpretations of Nationalism’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2003, pp. 339-355. − Lowell R. Barrington, ‘“Nation” and “Nationalism”: The Misuse of Key Concepts in Political Science’, PS: Political Science and Politics, Vol. 30, No. 4, 1997, pp. 712-716. − John Hutchinson, ‘How Modern is the Nation? Fact of History or Modern Myth?’, chapter 1 in Modern Nationalism (London: Fontana Press, 1994). − Ernst Gellner, ‘A Typology of Nationalisms’, chapter 7 in Nations and Nationalism (Oxford: Blackwell, 1983). − Alexander J. Motyl, ‘The Social Construction of Social Construction: Implications for Theories of Nationalism and Identity Formation’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 38, No. 1, 2010, pp. 59-71. − Atsuko Ichijo and Gordana Uzelac (eds), When is the Nation? Towards an Understanding of Theories of Nationalism (London/New York: Routledge, 2005). − ‘Definitions of Nations and Nationalism’, Internet Modern History Sourcebook http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook17.html . − for excerpts on nations and nationalism and competing definitions from a range of theorists, see http://www.nationalismproject.org/what.htm .

14 Nationalism in 19th Century Europe and the World Wars

Topics: − Foundations of the nation-state − Creating nations − Imperialism and colonialism − Self-determination − Extreme nationalism

Recommended reading: − Miroslav Hroch, ‘From National Movement to the Fully-Formed Nation: The Nation- Building Process in Europe’, in Geoff Eley and Ronald Suny (eds), Becoming National: A Reader (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996). − Mark Mazower, Dark Continent (New York: A.A. Knopf, 1999), chapters 2 & 5. − Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger (eds), The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), chapters 1, 2, & 7. − Elie Kedourie, ‘Nationalism and Politics: II’, chapter 7 in Nationalism (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993). − Roger Magraw, ‘Peasants into Frenchmen?’, chapter 9 in France 1815-1914: The Bourgeois Century (London: Fontana Press, 1987). − Aviel Roshwald, ‘Ethnicity and Empire: An Historical Introduction’, chapter 2 in Ethnic Nationalism and the Fall of Empires (London: Routledge, 2001). − Charles Glass, ‘Hyper-Retaliation’ [book review], London Review of Books, Vol. 34, No. 5, 2012 [on Blackboard]. − Hugh Seaton-Watson, Nations and States (London: Methuen, 1977), chapters 2 & 3. − John Keane, ‘Nations, Nationalism and European Citizens’, in Sukumar Periwal (ed.), Notions of Nationalism (Budapest: Central European University Press, 1995). − Liah Greenfeld, Nationalism (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992), chapters 1, 2, & 4 on England, France and Germany.

Western and Eastern nationalisms?

Topics: − Is there an ‘eastern’ and a ‘western’ form of nationalism? − Nationalism in Asia and Latin America

Recommended reading: − Hans Kohn, ‘Western and Eastern Nationalisms’, in John Hutchinson and Anthony D. Smith (eds), Nationalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994). − Benedict Anderson, ‘Western Nationalism and Eastern Nationalism: Is There a Difference that Matters?’, New Left Review, Vol. 9, May/June 2001, pp. 31-42. − Norman Davies, ‘West Best, East Beast?’, Oxford Today, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1997, pp. 28-31. − Louis Snyder, ‘Populist Nationalism in Latin America’, chapter 9 in New Nationalism (Cornell University Press, 1968). − Edwin Williamson, ‘Nationalism and Development: An Overview’, chapter 9 in The Penguin History of Latin America (London: Penguin, 1992). − Colin MacKerras, Eastern Asia: An Introductory History (Melbourne: Longman Cheshire, 1992), chapters 13 & 14.

15 − Michael Leifer (ed.), Asian Nationalism (London: Routledge, 2000). − Arthur Cotterell, East Asia: From Chinese Predominance to the Rise of the Pacific Rim (London: John Murray, 1993).

Decolonisation and post-colonial nation building

Topics: − Decolonisation − Nation building in new states − Africa, Asia and the Middle East

Recommended reading: − Dominic Lieven, extract from ‘After Empire’, chapter 10 in Empire: The Russian Empire and Its Rivals (London: John Murray, 2000), pp. 360-411. − Jean-Paul Sartre, preface to Frantz Fanon (1967) The Wretched of the Earth (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1967). − Mark T. Berger, ‘From Nation-Building to State-Building: The Geopolitics of Development, the Nation-State System and the Changing Global Order’, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 1, 2006, pp. 5-25. − Helen M. Hintjens, ‘When Identity Becomes a Knife: Reflecting on the Genocide in Rwanda’, Ethnicities, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2001, pp. 25-55. − Philip Gourevitch, We wish to inform you that tomorrow we will be killed with our families: stories from Rwanda (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1998), pp. 47-62. − Linda Melvern, Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide (London/New York: Verso, 2006). − Christian P. Scherrer, Genocide and Crisis in Central Africa: Conflict Roots, Mass Violence, and Regional War (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2002). − Selver B. Sahin, ‘Building the Nation in Timor-Leste and its Implications for the Country’s Democratic Development’, Australian Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 65, No. 2, 2011, pp. 220-242. − Joanne Wallis, ‘Victors, Villains and Victims: Capitalizing on Memory in Timor-Leste’, Ethnopolitics, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2012, pp. 133-160. − Edward Aspinall and Mark T. Berger, ‘The Break-up of Indonesia? Nationalisms after Decolonisation and the Limits of the Nation-State in post-Cold War Southeast Asia’, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 22, No. 6, 2001, pp. 1003-1024. − Chanintira Na Thalang, ‘The Fluidity of Nationalistic and Ethnic Aspirations in Aceh’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2009, pp. 319-339. − Juan R. I. Cole and Deniz Kandiyoti, ‘Nationalism and the Colonial Legacy in the Middle East and Central Asia: Introduction’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 34, 2002, pp. 189-203.

Case studies: India and Sudan

Topics: − Religion and language in post-colonial nation-building − Conflict and separatism in post-colonial states

Recommended reading:

16 − Ian Bedford, ‘Nationalism and Belonging in India, Pakistan, and South Central Asia: Some Comparative Observations’, Australian Journal of Anthropology, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1996, pp. 104- 120. − Meghnad Desai, ‘Communalism, Secularism and the Dilemma of Indian Nationhood’, chapter 6 in Michael Leifer (ed.), Asian Nationalism (London: Routledge, 2000). − Damien Kingsbury, ‘Post-Colonial States, Ethnic Minorities and Separatist Conflicts: Case Studies from Southeast and South Asia’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 34, No. 5, 2011, pp. 762-778. − Roberto Belloni, ‘The Birth of South Sudan and the Challenges of Statebuilding’, Ethnopolitics, Vol. 10, Nos. 3-4, 2011, pp. 411-429. − M. Crawford Young, ‘Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict in Africa’, in Monserrat Guibernau and John Hutchinson (eds), Understanding Nationalism (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001). − Basil Davidson, Modern Africa: A Social and Political History (London: Longman, 1994), chapters 17 & 18. − Seyoum Hameso, Ethnicity and Nationalism in Africa (Commack, NY: Nova Science, 1997), chapters 4 & 5.

After the Cold War

Topics: − After the Cold War − Post-Communism and nationalism − Democratisation, nation-building and conflict − Central/Eastern Europe

Recommended reading: − Yahya Sadowski, ‘Ethnic Conflict’, Foreign Policy, No. 111, 1998, pp. 12-23. − Jack Snyder, ‘Transitions to Democracy and the Rise of Nationalist Conflict’, chapter 1 in From Voting to Violence: Democratisation and Nationalist Conflict (New York: WW Norton & Co., 2000). − Erika Harris, ‘What is New about “Eastern Nationalism” and What are the Implications for Studies of Ethnicity Today?’, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, Vol. 18, No. 3, 2012, pp. 337- 357. − Duncan Light and Craig Young, ‘Urban Space, Political Identity and the Unwanted Legacies of State Socialism: Bucharest’s Problematic Centru Civic in the Post-Socialist Era’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 41, No. 4, 2013, pp. 515-535. − Miroslav Hroch, ‘Nationalism and National Movements: Comparing the Past and the Present of Central and Eastern Europe’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1996, pp. 35-44. − Katherine Verdery, ‘Nationalism, Postsocialism, and Space in Eastern Europe’, Social Research, Vol. 63, No. 1, 1996, pp. 77-86. − Erika Harris, ‘The Fall and the Rise: Post-Communism and Nationalism’, chapter 4 in Nationalism: Theories and Cases (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009).

The former Soviet Union

Topics: − Break-up of the Soviet Union and the legacy − Post-Soviet identities − Break up of the Soviet Union as decolonisation

17

Recommended reading: − James Headley, ‘National and Transnational Challenges in the Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia’, Global Change, Peace & Security, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2012, pp. 251-269. − Rogers Brubaker, ‘Nationalizing States Revisited: Projects and Processes of Nationalization in Post-Soviet States’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 34, No. 11, 2011, pp. 178-1814. − Benjamin Forest and Juliet Johnson, ‘Unraveling the Threads of History: Soviet-Era Monuments and Post-Soviet National Identity in Moscow’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 92, No. 3, 2002, pp. 524-547. − Donnacha Ó Beacháin and Rob Kevlihan, ‘Threading a Needle: Kazakhstan between Civic and Ethno-nationalist State-building’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2013, pp. 337-356. − Alena Pfoser, ‘Between Russia and Estonia: Narratives of Place in a New Borderland’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 42, No. 2, 2014, pp. 269-285. − Vera Tolz, ‘Introduction: Russian Identity between Empire and the West’, Russia: Inventing the Nation (London: Arnold, 2001). − Astrid S. Tuminez, ‘Nationalism, Ethnic Pressures, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union’, Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 5, No. 4, Fall 2003, pp. 81-136. − Sufian Zhemukhov, ‘The Birth of Modern Circassian Nationalism’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 40, No. 4, 2012, pp. 503-524. − James Headley, ‘Globalization and “New Wars”: The Case of Chechnya’, chapter 8 in Robert Patman (ed.), Globalization and Conflict: National Security in a 'New' Strategic Era (London/New York: Routledge, 2006). − Valery Tishkov, ‘Post-Soviet Nationalism’, in Richard Caplan and John Feffer (eds), Europe’s New Nationalism: States and Minorities in Conflict (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).

Case study: Ukraine

Topics: − Identity, language and class in post-Soviet Ukraine − Crimea − Role of outside powers

Recommended reading: − Paul d’Anieri, ‘Ethnic Tensions and State Strategies: Understanding the Survival of the Ukrainian State’, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2007, pp. 4-29. − Karina Korostelina, ‘Constructing Nation: National Narratives of History Teachers in Ukraine’, National Identities, Vol. 15, No. 4, 2013, pp. 401-416. − Volha Charnysh, ‘Analysis of Current Events: Identity Mobilization in Hybrid Regimes: Language in Ukrainian Politics’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 1-14. − Karina k. Korostelina, ‘Mapping National Identity Narratives in Ukraine’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 41, No. 2, 2013, pp. 293-315. − Anton Shekhovtsov, ‘The “Orange Revolution” and the “Sacred” Birth of a Civic-Republican Ukrainian Nation’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 41, No. 5, 2013, pp. 730-743.

18 Former Yugoslavia

Topics: − Break-up of Yugoslavia and the legacy − Causes and consequences of conflict − Post-Yugoslav identities

Recommended reading: − James Headley, ‘National and Transnational Challenges in the Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia’, Global Change, Peace & Security, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2012, pp. 251-269. − Dejan Djokic, ‘Coming to Terms with the Past: Former Yugoslavia’, History Today, Vol. 54, No. 6, 2004, pp. 17-19. − Ivo Banac, ‘What Happened in the Balkans (or Rather ex-Yugoslavia)?’, East European Politics and Societies, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2009, pp. 461-478. − Guy M. Robinson, Sten Engelstoft and Alma Pobric, ‘Remaking Sarajevo: Bosnian Nationalism after the Dayton Accord’, Political Geography, Vol. 20, 2001, pp. 957-980. − M. Ozan Erözden, ‘The Practical Limits of Inventing Traditions: The Failed Reinvention of the Sinjska Alka’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2013, pp. 475-492. − Adam Michnik, ‘Dignity and Fear: A Letter to a Friend’, chapter 1 in Richard Caplan and John Feffer (eds), Europe’s New Nationalism: States and Minorities in Conflict (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996). − readings for introductory topic (Kosovo).

Constructing national identity

Topics: − Banal nationalism − Role of myths and symbols in national identity − Everyday nationalism

Recommended reading: − Michael Billig, Banal Nationalism (London: Sage, 1995), esp. Introduction & chapter 5 (‘Flagging the Homeland Daily’). − Michael Skey, ‘The National in Everyday Life: A Critical Engagement with Michael Billig’s Thesis of Banal Nationalism’, The Sociological Review, Vol. 57, No. 2, 2009, pp. 331-346. − Michael Hutt, ‘Singing the New Nepal’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2012, pp. 306- 325. − Antonis Sapountzi, ‘Towards a Critical Social Psychological Account of National Sentiments: Patriotism and Nationalism Revisited’, Social and Personality Compass, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2008, pp. 34-50. − Giselinde Kuipers, ‘The Rise and Decline of National Habitus: Dutch Cycling Culture and the Shaping of National Similarity’, European Journal of Social Theory, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2012, pp. 17-35. − Matthew C. Benwell and Klaus Dodds, ‘Argentine Territorial Nationalism Revisited: The Malvinas/Falklands Dispute and Geographies of Everyday Nationalism’, Political Geography, Vol. 30, No. 8, 2011, pp. 441-449. − Jonathan Hearn, ‘National Identity: Banal, Personal and Embedded’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2007, pp. 657-674.

19 − Carly Elizabeth Schall, ‘Multicultural Iteration: Swedish National Day as Multiculturalism- in-Practice’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2014, pp. 355-375. − Rhys Jones and Peter Merriman, ‘Hot, Banal and Everyday Nationalism: Bilingual Road Signs in Wales’, Political Geography, Vol. 28, No. 3, 2009, pp. 164-173. − Izabela Orlowska, ‘Forging a Nation: The Ethiopian Millennium Celebration and the Multiethnic State’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2013, pp. 296-316. − Rodanthi Tzanelli, ‘“Not My Flag!” Citizenship and Nationhood in the Margins of Europe (Greece, October 2000/2003)’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2006, pp. 27-49. − Michel Huysseune, ‘Landscapes as a Symbol of Nationhood: The Alps in the Rhetoric of the Lega Nord’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2010, pp. 254-373. − Anthony King, ‘Nationalism and Sport’, in Gerard Delanty and Krishan Kumar (eds), The SAGE Handbook of Nations and Nationalism (London: SAGE, 2006). − Sven Ismer, ‘Embodying the Nation: Football, Emotions and the Construction of Collective Identity’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 39, No. 4, 2011, pp. 547-565. − David McCrone and Gayle McPherson (eds), National Days: Constructing and Mobilising National Identity (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009). − Geoffrey Hosking and George Schöpflin (eds), Myths and Nationhood (London: Hurst and Co., 1997).

Gender and the nation

Topics: − Gender approaches to nationalism − Women and the nation − War, nation, and gender

Recommended reading: − Nira Yuval-Davis, ‘Gender Relations and the Nation’, in Alexander Motyl (ed.), Encyclopedia of Nationalism: Fundamental Themes (Vol. 1) (San Diego, Calif./London: Academic Press, 2001). − Graham Day and Andrew Thompson, ‘Gender and Nation’, chapter 6 in Theorizing Nationalism (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004). − Sylvia Walby, ‘Gender Approaches to Nations and Nationalism’, in Gerard Delanty and Krishan Kumar (eds), The SAGE Handbook of Nations and Nationalism (London: SAGE, 2006). − Victoria Brittain, ‘The Impact of War on Women’, Race and Class, Vol. 44, No. 4, 2003, pp. 41- 51. − Wendy Bracewell, ‘Rape in Kosovo: Masculinity and Serbian Nationalism’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2000, pp. 563-590. − Joyce P. Kaufman and Kristen P. Williams, ‘Who Belongs? Women, Marriage and Citizenship: Gendered Nationalism and the Balkan Wars’, International Feminist Journal of Politics, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2004, pp. 416–435. − Ov Cristian Norocel, ‘Romania is a Family and it Needs a Strict Father: Conceptual Metaphors at Work in Radical Right Populist Discourses’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 38, No. 5, 2010, pp. 705-721. − Tamar Mayer (ed.), Gender Ironies of Nationalism: Sexing the Nation (London/New York: Routledge, 2000). − Lois Ann Lorentzen and Jenifer Turpin (eds), The Women and War Reader (New York: New York University Press, 1998), Part II.

20 National identity and international relations

Topics: − Projecting national identity − Nation branding − Nationalism and inter-state rivalry

Recommended reading: − Peter Skilling, ‘The Construction and Use of National Identity in Contemporary New Zealand Political Discourse’, Australian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 45, No. 2, 2010, pp. 175-189. − Shunji Cui, ‘Problems of Nationalism and Historical Memory in China’s Relations with Japan’, Journal of Historical Sociology, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2012, pp. 199-222. − Peter van Ham, ‘The Rise of the Brand State: The Postmodern Politics of Image and Reputation’, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 80, No. 5, 2001, pp. 2-6. − Jacqui True, ‘Country before Money? Economic Globalization and National Identity in New Zealand’, in Eric Helleiner and Andreas Pickel (eds), Economic Nationalism in a Globalizing World (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005). − Michael Barr, ‘Nation Branding as Nation Building: China’s Image Campaign’, East Asia, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2012, pp. 81-94. − Elena Atanassova-Cornelis, ‘Chinese Nation Building and Foreign Policy: Japan and the US as the Significant “Others” in National Identity Construction’, East Asia, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2012, pp. 95-108. − Matthew Penney and Bryce Wakefield, ‘Right Angles: Examining Accounts of Japanese Neo- nationalism’, Pacific Affairs, Vol. 81, No. 4, 2008, pp. 537-555. − Mika Aaltola, ‘Agile Small State Agency: Heuristic Plays and Flexible National Identity Markers in Finnish Foreign Policy’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 39, No. 2, 2011, pp. 257-276. − Gabriella Elgenius, ’The Politics of Recognition: Symbols, Nation Building and Rival Nationalisms’, Nations and Nationalisms, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2011, pp. 396-418. − Jacques E. C. Hymans, ‘East is East, and West is West? Currency Iconography as Nation- Branding in the Wider Europe’, Political Geography, Vol. 29, No. 2, 2010, pp. 97-108. − Stuart Burch and David J. Smith, ‘Empty Spaces and the Values of Symbols: Estonia’s “War of Monuments” from Another Angle’, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 59, No. 6, 2007, pp. 913- 936.

Culture in national identity

Topics: − Language, religion and the nation − ‘Civic’/’ethnic’ nationalism?

Recommended reading: − William Safran, ‘Language, Ethnicity and Religion: A Complex and Persistent Linkage’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2008, pp. 171-190. − Benedict Anderson, ‘Memory and Forgetting’, chapter 11 in Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (rev. ed.) (London/New York: Verso, 1991). − Rogers Brubaker, ‘Religion and Nationalism: Four Approaches’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2012, pp. 2-20.

21 − Rgers Brubaker, ‘Language, Religion and the Politics of Difference’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2013, pp. 1-20. − Vicki Spencer, ‘Language, History and the Nation: An Historical Approach to Evaluating Language and Cultural Claims’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2008, pp. 241-259. − Tim Reeskens and Marc Hooghe, ‘Beyond the Civic–Ethnic Dichotomy: Investigating the Structure of Citizenship Concepts across Thirty-three Countries’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 16, No. 4, 2010, pp. 579-597. − William Safran and Amy H. Liu, ‘Nation-Building, Collective Identity, and Language Choices: Between Instrumental and Value Rationalities’, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, Vol. 18, No. 3, 2012, pp. 269-292. − James Dingley, ‘Sacred Communities: Religion and National Identities’, National Identities, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2011, pp. 389-402. − Vicki Spencer, ‘In Defense of Herder on Cultural Diversity and Interaction’, The Review of Politics, Vol. 69, No. 1, 2007, pp. 79-105. − Volodymyr Kulyk, ‘Language Identity, Linguistic Diversity and Political Cleavages: Evidence from Ukraine’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 17, No. 3, 2011, pp. 627-648. − Cecily Morrison, ‘Culture at the Core: Invented Traditions and Imagined Communities. Part I: Identity Formation’, International Review of Scottish Studies, Vol. 28, 2003, pp. 3-21. − Joanna Swirszcz, ‘The Role of Islam in Chechen National Identity’, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 37, No. 1, 2009, pp. 59-88. − Roger Owen, ‘The Politics of Religion’, chapter 7 in State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East (London: Routledge, 1992). − Anthony D. Smith, ‘Social and Religious Origins of Nations’, in Desmond Clarke and Charles Jones (eds), The Rights of Nations: Nations and Nationalism in a Changing World (New York: St. Martins, 1999). − Athena S. Leoussi and Steven Grosby (eds), Nationalism and Ethnosymbolism: History, Culture and Ethnicity in the Formation of Nations (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007).

Ideology and values in national identity

Topics: − Values as a basis for national identity − Nationalism as an ideology/nationalism and ideology − Democracy and nationalism − Liberal nationalism − Socialism and nationalism

Recommended reading: − Graham Day and Andrew Thompson, ‘Liberal Nationalism?’, chapter 8 in Theorizing Nationalism (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004). − Ross Poole, ‘Three Concepts of Freedom: Liberalism, Republicanism and Nationalism’, chapter 3 in Nation and Identity (London/New York: Routledge, 1999). − Margaret Moore, ‘Normative Justifications for Liberal Nationalism: Justice, Democracy and National Identity’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2001, pp. 1-20. − Andrew Vincent, ‘Liberal Nationalism: An Irresponsible Compound?’, Political Studies, Vol. 45, No. 2, 1997, pp. 275-295. − Donald Ipperciel, ‘Constitutional Democracy and Civic Nationalism’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2007, pp. 395-416.

22 − Jean-François Caron, ‘Understanding and Interpreting France’s National Identity: The Meanings of Being French’, National Identities, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2013, pp. 223-237. − Daphne Halikiopoulou, Steven Mock, Sofia Vasilopoulou, ‘The Civic Zeitgeist: Nationalism and Liberal Values in the European Radical Right’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2013, pp. 107-127. − Ghia Nodia, ‘Nationalism and Democracy’, Journal of Democracy, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1992, pp. 3-22. − Mark N. Hagopian, ‘Ideology’, in Alexander Motyl (ed.), Encyclopedia of Nationalism: Fundamental Themes (Vol. 1) (San Diego, Calif./London: Academic Press, 2001). − John Hutchinson, Nations as Zones of Conflict (London: SAGE, 2005). − Max Silverman, ‘The French Republic Revealed’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 30, No. 4, 2007, pp. 628-642. − Sune Lægaard, ‘Liberal Nationalism and the Nationalisation of Liberal Values’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2007, pp. 37-55. − Paolo Dardanelli and Nenad Stojanović, ‘The Acid Test? Competing Theses on the Nationality – Democracy Nexus and the Case of Switzerland’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2011, pp. 357-376. − Donald Ipperciel, ‘Switzerland’s Nationhood: A Normative Approach’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 17, No. 4, 2011, pp. 794-814. − David Miller, On Nationality (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995). − Margaret Moore, The Ethics of Nationalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), Part I. − André Lecours and Luis Moreno (eds), Nationalism and Democracy: Dichotomies, Complementarities, Oppositions (London: Routledge, 2010). − Robert McKim and Jeff McMahan (eds), The Morality of Nationalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997).

Poly-ethnic states

Topics: − Immigration and citizenship policies − Assimilation, integration, multiculturalism

Recommended reading: − Will Kymlicka, ‘The Politics of Multiculturalism’, chapter 2 in Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995). − Magdalena Lesińska, The European Backlash against Immigration and Multiculturalism’, Journal of Sociology, Vol. 50, No. 1, 2014, pp. 37-50. − Phil Parvin, ‘Integration and Identity in an International Context: Problems and Ambiguities in the New Politics of Multiculturalism’, Political Studies Review, Vol. 7, No. 3, 2009, pp. 351-363. − Semin Suvarierol, ‘Nation-freezing: Images of the Nation and the Migrant in Citizenship Packages’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2012, pp. 210-229. − Anthony Moran, ‘Multiculturalism as Nation-Building in Australia: Inclusive National Identity and the Embrace of Diversity’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 34, No. 12, 2011, pp. 2153-2172. − Ralph Grillo, ‘An Excess of Alterity? Debating Difference in a Multicultural Society’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 30, No. 6, 2007, pp. 979-998. − Per Mouritsen and Tore Vincents Olsen, ‘Denmark between Liberalism and Nationalism’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2013, pp. 691-710.

23 − Anna Triandafyllidou and Hara Kouki, ‘Muslim Immigrants and the Greek Nation: The Emergence of Nationalist Intolerance’, Ethnicities, Vol. 13, No. 6, 2013, pp. 709-728. − Michelle Ann Miller, ‘Why Scholars of Minority Rights in Asia should Recognize the Limits of Western Models’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 34, No. 5, 2011, pp. 799-813. − Rogier van Reekum, ‘As Nation, People and Public Collide: Enacting Dutchness in Public Discourse’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 18, No. 4, 2012, pp. 583-602. − David Blunkett, ‘Integration with Diversity: Globalisation and the Renewal of Democracy and Civil Society', chapter 9 in Phoebe Griffith and Mark Leonard (eds), Reclaiming Britishness, 2002, pp. 64-77 (at http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/42.pdf) . − Amar Singh, ‘Speak to Us, Mr Blunkett’, The Observer, 22 September 2002. − Douglas Holmes, Integral Europe: Fast-Capitalism, Multiculturalism, Neofascism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), chapters 1-3.

Case study: the United States

Topics: − ‘Melting pot’ civic nationalism − US exceptionalism

Recommended reading: − Michael Walzer, ‘What Does it Mean to Be an “American”?’, Social Research, Vol. 57, No. 3, 1990, pp. 591-614. − Gary Gerstle, ‘Introduction’ and ‘Epilogue’, in American Crucible: Race and Nation in the Twentieth Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001). − Siobhan McEvoy-Levy, ‘(R)evolution of an Idea’, in American Exceptionalism and US Foreign Policy (New York: Palgrave, 2001). − David Michael Smith, ‘The American Melting Pot: A National Myth in Public and Popular Discourse’, National Identities, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2012, pp. 387-402. − Reed Ueda, ‘Status Changes and Ethnic Conflict in Twentieth Century America’, in Christopher Dandeker (ed.), Nationalism and Violence (Transaction Publishers, 1998). − Liah Greenfeld, Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992), chapter 5. − Bill Bryson, Made in America (New York: Minerva, 1995), chapters 3-5.

Multinational states

Topics: − Constituent nations − Federalism, confederalism, and devolution − Power-sharing/consociationalism − Examples: Spain, Canada, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Switzerland

Recommended reading: − Donald L. Horowitz, ‘Democracy in Divided Societies’, Journal of Democracy, Vol. 4 , No. 4, 1993, pp. 18-38. − Arend Lijphart, ‘Constitutional Design for Divided Societies’, Journal of Democracy, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2004, pp. 96-109.

24 − André Lecours, ‘Sub-state Nationalism in the Western World: Explaining Continued Appeal’, Ethnopolitics, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2012, pp. 268-286. − Eric Taylor Woods, ‘Beyond Multination Federalism: Reflections on Nations and Nationalism in Canada’, Ethnicities, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2012, pp. 270-292. − Hudson Meadwell, ‘The Political Dynamics of Secession and Institutional Accommodation’, Regional and Federal Studies, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2009, pp. 221-235. − John Nagle and Mary-Alice C. Clancy, ‘Constructing a Shared Public Identity in Ethno Nationally Divided Societies: Comparing Consociational and Transformationist Perspectives’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2012, pp. 78-97. − Paul Dixon, ‘The Politics of Conflict: A Constructivist Critique of Consociational and Civil Society Theories’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2012, pp. 98-121. − Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995). − Hanna Lerner, ‘Constitution-Writing in Deeply Divided Societies: The Incrementalist Approach’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2010, pp. 68-88. − Michael Keating, ‘Stateless Nation-building: Quebec, Catalonia and Scotland in the Changing State System’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1997, pp. 689-717. − Colin Williams, ‘Recognition and National Justice for Quebec: A Canadian Conundrum’, in Steve Fenton and Stephen May (eds), Ethnonational Identities (London: Palgrave, 2002). − Will Kymlicka, ‘Multicultural Citizenship within Multination States’, Ethnicities, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2011, pp. 281-302. − Daniel Béland and André Lecours, ‘Federalism, Nationalism and Social Policy: Decentralization in Canada and Belgium’, Regional and Federal Studies, Vol. 17, No. 4, 2007, pp. 405-419. − John Gibbons, ‘Spain: A Semi-federal State?’, chapter 10 in Don MacIver (ed.), The Politics of Multinational States (Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, 1999). − Helena Catt and Michael Murphy, Sub-State Nationalism: A Comparative Analysis of Institutional Design (London ; New York, N.Y. : Routledge, 2002).

Self-determination and secession

Topics: − Minorities and international law − Legal and moral approaches to secessionism − Cases: Kosovo, Chechnya, South Ossetia and Abkhazia, South Sudan, Timor-Leste, Bougainville

Recommended reading: − James Headley, ‘The Way Opened, the Way Blocked: Assessing the Contrasting Fates of Chechnya and Kosovo’, in Aleksandar Pavković and Peter Radan (eds), On the Way to Statehood: Secession and Globalization (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008), pp. 85-99. − Frederic L. Kirgis, ‘The Degrees of Self-Determination in the United Nations Era’, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 88, No. 2, 1994, pp. 304-310. − Carter Johnson, ‘Partitioning to Peace: Sovereignty, Demography, and Ethnic Civil Wars’, International Security, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2008, pp. 140-170. − Sanjay Jeram, ‘Immigrants and the Basque Nation: Diversity as a New Marker of Identity’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 36, No. 11, 2013, pp. 1770-1788. − Roberto Belloni, ‘The Birth of South Sudan and the Challenges of Statebuilding’, Ethnopolitics, Vol. 10, Nos. 3-4, 2011, pp. 411-429.

25 − Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Conflict in Georgia, Report, available at http://www.ceiig.ch/Report.html . − Christian Axboe Nielsen, ‘The Kosovo Precedent and the Rhetorical Deployment of Former Yugoslav Analogies in the Cases of Abkhazia and South Ossetia’, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Vol. 9, Nos. 1-2, 2009, pp. 171-189. − Anthony Matthew, ‘Bougainville and Papua New Guinea: Complexities of Secession in a Multi-ethnic Developing State’, Political Studies, Vol. 48, No. 4, 2000, pp. 724-744. − Margaret Moore, The Ethics of Nationalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), Part II. − readings for introductory topic (Kosovo).

Case study: the United Kingdom

Topics: − National identity in the UK − Devolution − The Northern Ireland ‘problem’ − Scottish self-determination

Recommended reading: − Charlie Jeffery and Daniel Wincott, ‘Devolution in the United Kingdom: Statehood and Citizenship in Transition’, Publius, Vol. 36, No. 1, 2008, pp. 3-18. − Arthur Aughey, ‘National Identity, Allegiance and Constitutional Change in the United Kingdom’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2010, pp. 335-353. − Andrew Mycock, ‘SNP, Identity and Citizenship: Re-imagining State and Nation’, National Identities, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2012, pp. 53-69. − Michael Keating, ‘Nationalism, Unionism and Secession in Scotland’, in Jean Jean-Pierre Cabestan and Aleksandar Pavković, Secessionism and Separatism in Europe and Asia: To Have a State of One’s Own (London/New York: Routledge, 2013). − Elise Rietveld, ‘Debating Multiculturalism and National Identity in Britain: Competing Frames’, Ethnicities, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2014, pp. 50-71. − Frank Bechhofer and David McCrone, ‘Imagining the Nation: Symbols of National Culture in England and Scotland’, Ethnicities, Vol. 13, No. 5, 2013, pp. 544-564. − Christopher G. A. Bryant, ‘Devolution, Equity and the English Question’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2008, pp. 664-683. − Krishan Kumar, ‘Negotiating English Identity: Englishness, Britishness and the Future of the United Kingdom’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 16, No. 3, 2010, pp. 469-487. − Duncan Sim, ‘Scottish Devolution and the Scottish Diaspora’, National Identities, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2012, pp. 99-114. − Atsuko Ichijo, ‘Entrenchment of Unionist Nationalism: Devolution and the Discourse of National Identity in Scotland’, National Identities, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2012, pp. 23-37.

Beyond nationalism?

Themes: − Globalisation and nationalism − Regional integration and nationalism − Cosmopolitanism − Post-modernity

26 Recommended reading: − Graham Day and Andrew Thompson, ‘The “Challenge of Globalization”: Between Nationalism and Globalism’, chapter 9 in Theorizing Nationalism (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004). − Craig Calhoun, ‘Cosmopolitanism and Nationalism’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2008, pp. 427-448. − Mary Kaldor, ‘Nationalism and Globalisation’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 10, Nos. 1-2, 2004, pp. 161-177. − Claire Sutherland, ‘What Now for the Nation? Responding to Globalisation and Regionalisation’, chapter 6 in Nationalism in the Twenty-First Century: Challenges and Responses (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012). − Daphne Halikiopoulou and Sofia Vasilopoulou (eds), Nationalism and Globalisation: Conflicting or Complementary? (London/New York: Routledge, 2011). − Gal Ariely, ‘Globalisation and the Decline of National Identity? An Exploration across Sixty- three Countries’, Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 18, No. 3, 2012, pp. 461-482. − Valery A. Tishkov, ‘Forget the “Nation”: Post-Nationalist Understanding of Nationalism’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2000, pp. 625-650. − Neal Ascherson, ‘Better Off Without Them? Politics and Ethnicity in the Twenty-first Century’, International Affairs, Vol. 80, No. 1, 2004, pp. 99-106. − Raimo Väyrynen, ‘Regionalism: Old and New’, International Studies Review, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2003, pp. 25-51. − Mark Beeson, ‘Rethinking Regionalism: Europe and East Asia in Comparative Historical Perspective’, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 21, No. 6, 2005, pp. 969-085. − Lars-Erik Cederman, ‘Nationalism and Bounded Integration: What it Would Take to Construct a European Demos’, European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2001, pp. 139-174. − Jim Headley, ‘The Cyprus Conflict and the Process of EU Enlargement’, Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2003, pp. 137-159. − Gregory Feldman, ‘Essential Crises: A Performative Approach to Migrants, Minorities, and the European Nation-state’, Anthropological Quarterly, Vol. 78, No. 1, 2005, pp. 213-246. − Daniele Archibugi, David Held and Martin Köhler, Re-Imaging Political Community: Studies in Cosmopolitan Democracy (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998).

27 Student support

Student Learning Centre

The Student Learning Centre at the University of Otago provides support for students in reading, writing, study skills, note taking and sitting exams and much more. Check their website for information and contacts: http://hedc.otago.ac.nz/hedc/learning/

Library support

Library Search Video Tutorial This 3 minute video covers the basics https://unitube.otago.ac.nz/view?m=qlUI54rkNHj

Self Help resources This guide offers tips and techniques in developing independent research & information skills. http://otago.libguides.com/selfhelp

Library Website The Library website provides online access to resources and services, including the Catalogue, Library Search, Article Databases, Group Room Bookings, Hours, Library Locations, Library News, New Books, Exam Papers, Subject Guides, and more! Library Website: http://www.otago.ac.nz/library

Subject Guides These guides will help you find information for your assignments including articles, books, websites and more! http://otago.libguides.com/politics

Ask a Question Library staff at any Lending and i desk are available Monday to Friday, 9am to 6pm. Try these people first to answer any questions you might have about using the Library and its resources. Phone: 64 3 479 8910 Email: [email protected]

Study Smart The Study Smart tab in Blackboard offers advice and links to services and resources to help you with your studies. It includes information about the Library, Student IT and the Student Learning Centre.

28 Māori and Pacific Island students

Politics Department contact: Dr Iati Iati is the Politics Department’s kaiāwhina (support person) for Māori and Pacific Island students. Dr Iati’s contact details are: Room 4N10, 4th Floor, Arts Building Email: [email protected] Tel: 479 8665 Office hours: Tues 10–11.50am

Humanities Division contacts: Ana Rangi is the Kaiāwhina Māori – Māori Student Support Officer for the Division of Humanities. She is of Ngāti Porou/Ngāti Kahungunu/Whakatōhea/Ngāti Kuia/Ngāti Koata descent, and originally from Christchurch. Her contact details are: Room 5C9, 5th Floor, Te Whare Kete Aronui (Arts Building) Email: [email protected] Tel: 479 8681 Office hours: Mon to Fri 9.00am-2.30pm

Esmay Eteuati is the Pacific Islands Students’ Support Officer for the Division of Humanities. She is of Samoan descent, born in Wellington and raised in Dunedin. Her contact details are: Room 5C9a, 5th Floor, Arts Building Email: [email protected] Tel: 479 9616 Office hours: Mon 9.00am-2.00pm | Wed 9.00am-2.00pm | Fri 9.00am-2.00pm

Disability support

If you have an impairment that affects your study in this paper, please inform me so I can make any adaptations in teaching and learning strategies and resources that may be necessary. If you are experiencing difficulty with your studies due to a disability, temporary or permanent impairment, injury, chronic illness or deafness, you may contact, in confidence, the department’s support person, or the University support staff.

Politics Department contact: Dr Carla Lam Room 4N11, 4th Floor, Arts Building Email: [email protected] Tel: 479 8242 Office hours: Tues & Thurs 11.00-12.00 or by appointment

University of Otago Disability Information and Support: Email: [email protected] Tel: 479 8235 Website: http://www.otago.ac.nz/disabilities

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