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Recorder 15 (Spring 2011)

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BSBI Recorder www.bsbi.org.uk Spring 2011 The hybrid sundew Drosera ×obovata (yellow dots), showing the distribution of the parents D. anglica (pale blue), D. rotundifolia (dark blue), and both (red). See page 8 for a report on the hybrids project. 0 BBSSBBII RReeccoorrddeerr NNoo.. 1155 A newsletter for county recorders, referees and herbarium curators in the Botanical Society of the British Isles Spring 2011 Contents Maps Scheme report .................................................. 4 The Distribution Database ......................................... 6 Hybrids Project progress ........................................... 8 Axiophyte research .................................................... 9 Axiophytes vs. total species richness ....................... 10 Trialling axiophytes on a Scottish island ................. 11 An algorithm to enumerate axiophyte richness ....... 12 Threatened plants project – Astragalus danicus ...... 15 Status of Senecio cambrensis ................................... 23 Are bumblebees robbing flowers? ........................... 24 Meet the BSBI Lynne Farrell .................................................. 25 Mary Clare Sheehan ....................................... 26 Gerry Sharkey ................................................ 27 County Roundup ...................................................... 29 Referees ......................................................... 36 © The Botanical Society of the British Isles, 2011 Botany Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD Charity number 212560 in England & Wales; SC038675 in Scotland. www.bsbi.org.uk 1 Contacts Chair of Records Committee David Pearman, Algiers, Feock, Truro, Cornwall, TR3 6RA 01872 863388, [email protected] Head of Research & Development Kevin Walker, 97 Dragon Parade, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, HG1 5DG 01423 544902, [email protected] New Journal of Botany Records Editor Mike Porter, 5 West Avenue, Wigton, Cumbria, CA7 9LG 01697 343086, [email protected] Referees Organiser Mary Clare Sheahan, 61 Westmorland Road, Barnes, London, SW13 9RZ 020 8748 4365, [email protected] Volunteers Officer Bob Ellis, 11 Havelock Road, Norwich, NR2 3HQ 01603 662260, [email protected] Scottish Officer Jim McIntosh, Royal Botanic Garden, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR 0131 2482894, [email protected] Maps Scheme Database Quentin Groom, 1 Louis Pelserssquare, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium [email protected] Coordinator Alex Lockton, 66 North Street, Shrewsbury, SY1 2JL 01743 343789 [email protected] 2 Summary Alex Lockton [email protected] Our usual list of action points.... 1. Make a plan for Atlas 2020. All county recorders need to have some sort of strategy for getting around their county in the next nine years, if they have not done so in the last date class. If you cannot cope, then do consider standing down. We can make you an Emeritus Recorder if you want to keep in touch and continue with your own interests. But it is far better to have a county listed as vacant than to have someone trying to do the county recorder’s job if they don’t really have the time or inclination for it. You may think there is no-one else who could do it, but it’s surprising how soon someone keen turns up. 2. Fill in a few Threatened Plants forms. This has been a huge project, welcomed by many county recorders. OK, quite a lot of work, but look at the detailed reports that Kevin has started to produce from it. Even if you’re not terribly inspired by it yourself, it is worth doing some surveys to ensure that the geographical coverage is good. (I don’t need to tell county recorders why cooperation benefits everyone – you volunteered to be part of our network, so you already know this.) 3. Set up a web page about your county. It is little work if you just want a minimal one. You don’t need to know anything clever about computers, you just need to be able to type and ideally take a digital photograph. Things to put on your web page: how to contact you, when your field meetings are, any publications you have, scans of other botanical publications about your county, where a botanical visitor could stay and what they might hope to see. Think about what the reader wants from a web page. 4. Sign up for the eNewsletter. Takes just a few seconds, and then you get a monthly email from us with any news or information that you need. When your email address changes, you just log on to the eNews web page and change it. It’s simple. If you are not already signed up, you have to contact me to get the address, as we do not publish it, in order to make life harder for spammers. 3 Maps Scheme report Alex Lockton & Quentin Groom It is intriguing to see that the number of 10 km smarties in each date class continues to grow, reflecting the ongoing computerisation of older records from herbaria and literature. Date Class 2 seems to be doing particularly well, with 20,000 records added in the last year, which is good news because it is the weakest period for recording. It seems likely that there were actually more records in DC2 than we can see, because it was common practice to compile a recording card over long periods of time, and the records were (very naturally, but not correctly) assigned to DC3 rather than DC2 when the Atlas project was launched. Growth in the number of Maps Scheme smarties over the last six years. 2005 2010 2011 DC0 (-1929) - 251,233 265,333 DC1 (1930-1969) 325,148 1,564,319 1,568,099 DC2 (1970-1986) 186,464 917,456 938,707 DC3 (1987-1999) 1,818,116 2,194,252 2,212,395 DC4 (2000-2009) 316,154 1,168,662 1,242,853 DC5 (2010-2019) - 1,431 18,1227 One pertinent question about the Maps Scheme is what use is it? Because we compile live data continuously a lot of erroneous records sneak in, especially for species with ambiguous names such as Trichophorum cespitosum and Rorippa islandica . There are often, therefore, duff dots on the maps. However, as we do compile data from a lot of sources, the correct records also get in and this is the only place where you can find out about them. So if you want to see where Fumaria reuteri has been recorded, for instance, there is nowhere else where you can go. A criticism of the Maps Scheme that some people make is that it is collecting data for no purpose. Well, that is not entirely unfair. Botanical recording can be fun, and many botanists see it as an enjoyable challenge rather than a necessarily purposeful scientific activity. But having said that, we have never yet come across an academic researcher who wanted us to record less. We get many requests for data, and every single one of them says they wish we could do more recording, and standardise it more. Before the Maps Scheme started, there was no ongoing programme of repeated recording. Now we have the structure of the decade-long date classes. From the table above, it looks like we could aim to get 1.5 million smarties every decade. That will amount to a very useful data set after a while. Here is a challenge for you: find someone who has the proven skill and ability to record for the Maps scheme who also thinks it is a waste of time. You need to be a good enough botanist to identify a huge range of species in the field, healthy and energetic enough to go out and do the work, skilled enough to computerise thousands of records a year, and sufficiently socially adept to be able cooperate with colleagues to help compile a national database like this. That’s an impressive range of abilities, so those who are able to contribute to the maps definitely deserve a pat on the back. 4 Summary of the Maps Scheme Database b y County and Date Class VC DC0 DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 DC5 64 2214 16121 8912 27438 10205 3853 1 8435 14621 13319 16303 16624 255 65 938 11131 6097 12688 3270 98 2 9002 17073 12143 24015 21604 22 66 2589 15307 21072 18314 17423 5207 3 5773 25191 30960 37151 23382 4956 67 877 18164 13015 19087 14324 6262 4 3054 16821 23137 22329 14852 2911 68 1441 11244 8007 10788 7821 2206 5 1356 11814 6306 26541 15445 3111 69 1652 12827 24534 25302 7853 2 6 5854 15353 11646 28289 17285 7055 70 1127 19090 34013 35019 12073 2 7 526 11481 6827 14018 8500 1304 71 838 5974 1478 8324 2395 0 8 643 12869 9075 19463 11089 633 72 883 10547 4261 11425 7152 1000 9 2616 24603 11456 31615 14853 431 73 1060 11359 8085 16706 5935 45 10 1616 4934 2399 3017 6761 0 74 2507 6667 4084 8866 5631 0 11 7211 15368 8716 24992 20596 4802 75 441 11775 2533 15529 1421 6 12 6869 13444 10206 18290 14559 4453 76 159 2703 3789 5227 659 52 13 1414 14345 2218 16203 19400 2534 77 294 7226 2326 13767 1479 5 14 1856 16913 3549 16670 20517 2663 78 946 4883 4313 4487 960 1 15 1467 18514 6793 21441 15604 10 79 500 2295 1228 4126 2409 560 16 1343 13298 4823 15259 12376 2667 80 1659 7866 2624 10433 4509 1451 17 4063 20801 10302 24201 20636 9328 81 2353 8059 6141 10142 7662 2414 18 1208 10551 4694 13262 10786 4863 82 317 4876 2118 6296 2027 1 19 2002 15111 7613 22542 7948 1794 83 1236 6689 2999 6695 1169 2124 20 1526 12963 4656 18155 4753 2964 84 148 2315 2002 4668 1056 0 21 1511 8795 2314 7624 7716 4207 85 2436 9230 6650 13429 1501 130 22 1626 18841 8663 24173 23792 12 86 380 4267 1599 8347 4030 114 23 1875 19102 18820 17531 3619 5 87 1139 4595 8529 9006 4474 353 24 6658 14150 18601 21298 9732 457 88 4972 15005 11981 15426 11987 38 25 1996 21689 21460 21400 19139 0 89 2711 7812 8450 11432 7062 8 26 1455 13492 14000 13729 14089 0 90 1228 10469 2872 12149 8672 44 27 2498 15616 4447 27077 18447 7576 91 998 3902 1036 5858 6157 43 28 3696 15267 4523 26935 19971 3590 92 1075
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  • Using Genomic Techniques to Investigate Interspecific Hybridisation and Genetic Diversity in Senecio

    Using Genomic Techniques to Investigate Interspecific Hybridisation and Genetic Diversity in Senecio

    Using genomic techniques to investigate interspecific hybridisation and genetic diversity in Senecio Matt Hegarty, Aberystwyth University Why are hybridisation and polyploidy important? • Hybridisation can serve as a source of genetic novelty. • This can result in adaptive divergence and thus speciation. • It is predicted that ~70% of higher plants have undergone at least one round of genome duplication over their evolutionary history. • Approximately 15% of speciation events involve a change in ploidy. • It is estimated that the majority of polyploid species are the result of interspecific hybridisation. • Many of the world's most successful crop species are polyploids (bread wheat, coffee, cotton, sugarcane, maize) and often significantly outperform their diploid relatives. Hybrid speciation in Senecio: the homoploid origin of Senecio squalidus Senecio aethnensis 2n = 20 X Senecio squalidus 2n = 20 Abbott et al. (2000) Senecio chrysanthemifolius Watsonia 23: 123-138 2n = 20 Hybrid speciation in Senecio: the allopolyploid origin of S. cambrensis X Senecio squalidus Senecio vulgaris Diploid, SI Tetraploid, SC Senecio x baxteri Known to have Triploid, sterile occurred at least Chromosome doubling TWICE Senecio cambrensis Hexaploid, fertile, SC Previous work - transcriptomic analysis of interspecific hybrids • Constructed cDNA libraries from capitulum and mature flower buds for each of the parental and hybrid species (excl. S. x baxteri). • 1056 clones per library used to create custom cDNA microarrays for gene expression comparisons. • Libraries sequenced via Sanger sequencing - 11K sequences stored at http://www.seneciodb.org. • Expression analysis performed to compare parents with both natural and resynthesised hybrids. • Results show extreme changes to gene expression in a nonadditive manner - that is, hybrids are not merely the average of their parents.