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World Bank Document Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Assessment and Management Framework for Bhutan Sustainable Financing for Biodiversity Conservation and Natural Resources Management Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Bhutan Trust Fund for Environmental Conservation March 2013 Public Disclosure Authorized 0 Table of contents ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................ III BHUTANESE TERMS ....................................................................................................................... IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... V CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK ...................................... 1 1.2 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY .................................................................................................. 2 CHAPTER 2 – BTFEC’S GRANT PROGRAM ................................................................................ 3 2.1 OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................................. 3 2.2 COVERAGE .................................................................................................................................... 3 2.3 STRATEGIC PRIORITIES AND ACTIVITIES ................................................................................... 3 2.4 CURRENT PRACTICES OF INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONCERNS ................ 4 CHAPTER 3 – SUSTAINABLE FINANCING FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT ................................................................... 5 3.1 PROJECT AREA PROFILE ............................................................................................................ 5 3.1.1 LOCATION ................................................................................................................................................ 5 3.1.2 OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................................... 6 3.1.3 PROJECT COMPONENTS ........................................................................................................................ 6 3.2 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AREA ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................10 3.2.1 COUNTRY OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................... 10 3.2.2 PROJECT AREA ENVIRONMENT OVERVIEW .................................................................................... 11 3.2.3 PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AREA ....................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 4 – ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT ...........................................20 4.1 EXISTING PRESSURES ...............................................................................................................20 4.1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURES ........................................................................................................... 20 4.1.2 SOCIAL PRESSURES ............................................................................................................................. 20 4.2 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE BTFEC OVERALL GRANT PROGRAM AND THE PROJECT...............................................................................................................21 4.2.1 OVERALL IMPACTS ................................................................................................................................... 21 4.2.2 IMPACTS OF INFRASTRUCTURE WORKS ............................................................................................... 23 4.2.4 IMPACTS ON NATURAL HABITATS ........................................................................................................ 25 4.2.5 IMPACTS DUE TO CHEMICAL PESTICIDE USE ........................................................................................ 25 4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, REGULATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS .............................................25 4.3.1 RGOB’S POLICIES, REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES .................................................................... 25 4.3.2 WB SAFEGUARDS POLICIES APPLICABLE TO THE PROJECT ........................................................ 28 4.3.3 INSTITUTIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT CAPACITY.......................... 31 CHAPTER 5 – SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK............35 5.1 NEGATIVE LIST OF ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................35 5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS PROCESSING STEPS ........................................36 5.2.2 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT ................................................... 48 i 5.2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RECOMMENDATIONS AND PROJECT DPR................................ 48 5.2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE (EC) AND SOCIAL CLEARANCES ................................................. 49 5.2.5 SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (RESETTLEMENT FRAMEWORK) .................................................. 49 5.2.6 SITE-ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................................ 50 5.2.7 COMPLIANCE AND FINAL MONITORING ............................................................................................ 58 5.3 CONSULTATIONS AND GRIEVANCE ADDRESSING ....................................................................58 5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT COST .............................................................59 5.5 SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS ON NATURAL HABITATS, FORESTRY, PEST MANAGEMENT AND PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES ......................................................................................................60 5.5.1 NATURAL HABITATS ........................................................................................................................... 60 5.5.2 FORESTRY ............................................................................................................................................. 60 5.5.3 PEST MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................................... 60 5.5.4 PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES .................................................................................................... 64 CHAPTER 6 – INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND CAPACITY .................................65 ANNEX 1. LIST OF OFFICIALS AND STAKEHOLDERS ..........................................................68 ANNEX 2. SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION ..............................................................................77 ANNEX 3. PROJECT AREA GEWOG MAP ..................................................................................89 ANNEX 4. NATIONAL POLICIES AND ACTS ............................................................................90 ANNEX 5. PERMISSIBLE PESTICIDES LIST TO BHUTAN ................................................. 101 ANNEX 6. ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS ......................................... 102 ANNEX 7. SAMPLE CHECKLIST FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RISK IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................................ 105 ANNEX 8. SAMPLE SOCIAL SCREENING FORMAT .............................................................. 106 ANNEX 9. RECOMMENDED FORMAT FOR A PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN .................. 109 ANNEX 10. PCR CHANCE FIND PROCEDURE ....................................................................... 112 ii Acronyms BTFEC Bhutan Trust Fund for Environmental Conservation BMS Bomdeling Wildlife Sanctuary CBO Community Based Organization CSO Civil Society Organization FNCA Forest and Nature Conservation Act FYP Five-Year Plan GYT Gewog Yargay Tshongdu ICR Implementation Completion Report JDNP Jigme Dorji National Park M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MOA Ministry of Agriculture MoAF Ministry of Agriculture and Forests MoEA Ministry of Economic Affairs MoWHS Ministry of Work and Human Settlement NBC National Biodiversity Center NECS National Environment Commission Secretariat NGO Non-Governmental Organization Nu Ngultrum PES Payments for Environmental Services RECOP Regulation for the Environmental Clearance of Projects, 2002 REDD+ Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation RGoB Royal Government of Bhutan RNR Renewable Natural Resources SMF Social Management Framework UNDP United Nations Development Programme WCP Wangchuck Centennial Park WHO World Health Organisation WWF World Wildlife Fund iii Bhutanese Terms Chiwog Village Chathrim Act, rules and regulations, codes of conduct Dungkhag Sub District Dzongdag District Administrator Dzongkhag District Dzongkhag Administrative block Gup Elected head of a Dzongkhag Gewog Block (group of villages) Ngultrum Bhutanese currency, pegged to Indian Rupee Sokshing Forest registered in a household’s name for collection of leaf litter for use in farmyard manure Tsamdo Land over which a community or household has customary grazing rights
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