Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis

( Erie to Pittsburgh Trail (Between Titusville and Parker, Pa.) 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis Contents

Executive Summary...... 2

Historical Perspective...... 4

Location Analysis...... 6

Map of the Trails...... 7

Regional Demographics...... 9 Special thanks to Debra Frawley, greenways coordinator for Venango, Clarion and Crawford 2013 Survey Results...... 10 Counties, for assisting with the data collection and Methodology and Analysis...... 15 research outlined in this report.

Comparative Analysis...... 16 This report was financed in part by a grant from the Trail User Estimate...... 20 Community Conservation Partnerships Program, Environmental Stewardship Fund, under the Economic Impact...... 21 administration of the Pennsylvania Department of Trail Maintenance, Security and Cleanliness...... 24 Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Recreation and Conservation. Qualitative Values of the Trails...... 25

Appendix – Trail Counter Data...... 26

Very special thanks to the late Jim Holden, president of the Council on Greenways and Trails (a coalition of 14 municipalities and nonprofit groups) and founding president of the Erie to Pittsburgh Trail Alliance. Erie to Pittsburgh Trail (Between Titusville and Parker, Pa.) 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis

Patricia Tomes, Program Manager Carl Knoch, Manager of Trail Development

Northeast Regional Office Rails-to-Trails Conservancy

January 2014

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy Northeast Regional Office 2133 Market Street, Suite 222 Camp Hill, PA 17011 tel 717.238.1717 / fax 717.238.7566

National Headquarters 2121 Ward Court, NW, 5th Floor Washington, DC 20037 tel 202.331.9696 / fax 202.223.9257 railstotrails.org TrailLink.com Executive Summary

In 2013, Rails-to-Trails Conservancy (RTC) Together, these trails, located in and adjacent to the conducted a study of six connected trails (the Trails) Oil Heritage Region of Pennsylvania, represent more that make up the central leg of the developing 270- than 66 miles of continuous multi-modal corridor. mile Erie to Pittsburgh Trail (EPT) and are located The six trails surveyed are as follows: in northwest Pennsylvania. Y Queen City Trail (1.4 mi) The Trails are connected by geography, history and Y Oil Creek State Park Trail (9.7 mi) marketing. Owned, operated and maintained by Y several trail organizations and municipalities, the McClintock Trail (3.7 mi) Trails are also promoted by the Oil Region Alliance Y Samuel Justus Recreation Trail (5.8 mi) of Business, Industry and Tourism, an economic Y Allegheny River Trail (34.2 mi) development and tourism promotion agency that Y Sandy Creek Trail (12 mi) also administers the designated Oil Region National Heritage Area. An analysis of the data accumulated from infrared counters located along the Trails and paper surveys received from users indicates an estimated 158,507 annual user visits to the combined Trails, resulting in a total economic impact in 2013 of $7,479,348 ($6,928,620 directly into the local economy).

This study utilized a survey methodology previously tested on Pennsylvania trails and documented in RTC’s Trail User Survey Workbook available on the RTC Trail-Building ToolBox (railstotrails.org/ resources/documents/resource_docs/UserSurvey Methodology.pdf).

This survey was designed specifically to monitor trail-user characteristics and economic impact.

Five of the trails are directly connected (at grade), forming one continuous route from Titusville in the north to Parker, Pa., in the south. A sixth trail, Sandy Creek Trail, runs east to west and crosses the Allegheny River Trail high above grade via the Belmar Bridge. The trail provides direct access to the 1,385-foot railroad trestle that spans the Allegheny

2 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis River and affords visitors spectacular views of the Seven questions regarding expenditures while visit- river valley. A physical connection to the north- ing the trail were included on the survey form. The south route of the Allegheny River Trail is provided term “hard goods” is used to describe durable items via a staircase and side ramp for bicycles. such as bicycles, clothing and accessories, while “soft goods” is applied to non-durable items such as food Survey forms were available at 14 locations along and drinks. the trails and were also made available during special community events. More than 1,700 surveys were In 2013, more than 87 percent of the survey respon- distributed between May and October of 2013. A dents reported spending an average of $337.50 on total of 455 surveys were received and tabulated. hard goods because of their use of the trail.

The majority of survey respondents (89.8 percent) Soft goods purchases were reported by 76.8 percent are from Pennsylvania, with residents representing of respondents, for an average dollar amount of 25 mostly regional counties. Local survey respon- $21.62 per visit. These purchases are reported to dents included individuals from Venango County have been made in conjunction with their trail visit. (27.1 percent), Butler County (12.2 percent), Allegheny County (11.1 percent), Clarion County Overnight lodging is the third element used to (10.6 percent) and Crawford County (9.1 percent). determine an overall economic impact. Of the survey respondents, 13 percent reported paying for Close to one quarter of the respondents (24.2 per overnight lodging in the area, with an average stay of cent) are less than 45 years of age. The predominant 2.6 nights. age range of the respondents is 56 to 65 (34.4 percent), and less than 15 percent reported having A 2006 study* conducted by the Oil Region Alliance young children with them on the trail. The gender and Allegheny Valley Trails Association estimated split among the survey respondents was 46.6 percent that approximately 160,792 users frequented the trail female and 53.4 percent male. system within the Oil Heritage Region throughout the 2006 calendar year. That survey covered a slight- The trails are used by individuals who are biking ly broader geographic area and included specific costs (51.8 percent) and walking (27.8 percent) for such as gas expenditures and boat rentals, which are reasons of health (54.5 percent) or recreation (42.8 not included in this survey of trail users. However, percent). The top activities include jogging (6.4 a general comparison of the two surveys can be percent), fishing (3.7 percent) and geocaching (2.7 made that demonstrates a clear increase in the level percent). of economic impact to the area being contributed by trail users. Compared to the 2006 results, the Most respondents to the survey indicated that they 2013 survey confirms an annual increase in the learned of the trail through word of mouth rather trails’ total economic impact of more than $3 than any direct marketing. Just slightly more than million. 20 percent credited tourist promotion and websites for their introduction to the trail. * www.avta-trails.org/AVTA-Study-2006.html

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 3 Historical Perspective*

Original settlements by the Seneca Indians were Oil City is located 10 miles northeast of Franklin built throughout the Allegheny River Valley as early at the confluence of Oil Creek and the Allegheny as the 1600s. In 1753, at the start of the French and River. Early French maps used the label Oyl Creek Indian War, ownership of the land was contested due to the natural seeps and oil springs along among the French, the Native Americans and the the waterway. Quantities of oil were discovered British. The French built Fort Mauchault at the near Titusville in the Oil Creek Valley in 1859 by Confluence of French Creek and the Allegheny Colonel Edwin Drake and William Smith. Almost River in the area that is now Franklin, Pa. At the overnight, towns such as Miller Farm, Pioneer and start of the French and Indian War, it is believed Petroleum Center blossomed as opportunists rushed that more than a thousand French and Canadian to get rich from the “Great Oil Dorado.” The signif soldiers with an additional thousand Indians mus- icance of this achievement was not the discovery tered out of Fort Mauchault. As the war was ending of oil in western Pennsylvania but rather Colonel and negotiations over land ownership were taking Drake’s design for the casing, pump and derrick, place, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania awarded which allowed for the commercial production of land — including what is now Oil City — to Chief oil. Up until that time, oil was considered more of Cornplanter of the Iroquois Nation. In 1759, at the a nuisance by-product to salt mining. It wasn’t long end of the French and Indian War, Fort Mauchault after Drake’s announcement of a feasible method was burned to the ground by the French. Fort for producing commercial quantities of oil that the Franklin was built at the location in 1787 and even- Allegheny Valley Railroad was extended to Oil City tually developed into the town of Franklin, platted (1868) and connected the oil fields to Pittsburgh, in 1795 and incorporated in 1828. Pa. Prior to that, river barges and steamboats were

4 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis the primary means of transporting the wooden barrels of crude petroleum from Oil Creek to the Allegheny River in Franklin and on to Pittsburgh and the Ohio River Valley.

The oil supply in northwestern Pennsylvania became the foundation for the lubricating oils produced by companies such as Pennzoil (Standard Oil Company), Quaker State and Wolf’s Head Oil, all of which had headquarters located in Oil City.

The Allegheny Valley Railroad operated as an inde pendent company until 1910, when it was purchased by the Pennsylvania Railroad. Through a series of mergers, it became part of the Pennsylvania Railroad system in 1900 and fell into disuse in 1945.

*Source material — Oil Region Alliance of Business, Industry and Tourism: www.oilregion.org, and Franklin, Pa.: www.franklinpa.gov

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 5 Location Analysis

The 66 miles of paved trail located on the Erie to The McClintock Trail connects the state park with Pittsburgh Trail between Titusville and Parker are the next town along the trail system, Oil City. The mostly rail-trail but also use short segments of on- trail has two segments: one that shares a township road and other designed connections to create one road for two miles and a second segment that is continuous route. The coverage of this report begins off road and adjacent to an active railroad. The Oil in Titusville, Pa., with the Queen City Trail, a paved Region Alliance of Business, Industry and Tourism community trail. The short (1.4 mile) trail meanders has developed the rail-with-trail section of the Mc- along the edge of town and provides a connection Clintock Trail, completing the connection between for a senior care facility, private residences, and the downtown Oil City and Oil Creek State Park. popular Drake Well Museum and Oil Creek State Park. The Museum provides interpretive exhibits Continuing south, the Samuel Justus Trail provides and working models of the oil derricks that sur- the connection between the towns of Oil City and rounded the valley in the mid-to-late19th century. Franklin. This trail was built on the corridor used Oil Creek State Park, encompassing 7,000 square by the Allegheny Valley Railroad and parallels miles, is bisected north to south by Oil Creek, a the Allegheny River to the confluence with French 47-mile tributary of the Allegheny River. The state Creek and the town of Franklin. park has 52 miles of hiking trails with camping shel- ters and 11 miles of cross-country ski trails. The Oil From Franklin and continuing south, the Allegh- Creek & Titusville excursion train, known locally eny River Trail provides 34.2 miles of continuous as the OC & T, runs through the park on a seasonal paved trail. The trail hugs the high bank on the basis. From Drake Well to Rynd Farm at the south- east side of the Allegheny River and is mostly tree ern end of the park, the trail parallels Oil Creek. covered. Many private summer cabins as well as year round homes dot the steep hillsides and have been congregated into Summer Camps, which are tiny communities of several homes along the river’s edge. The Allegheny River Trail travels through two very distinct tunnels built by the railroad in the 1800s.

The Sandy Creek Trail is isolated from residential or retail areas, providing a true wilderness experience. The paved trail is distinctive because it runs east to west, high above the Allegheny River at the town of Belmar. The Belmar Bridge, built in 1907 to haul coal trains, is a 1,385 foot railroad truss bridge that has been decked for walking and bicycling across the Allegheny River.

6 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis Map of Erie to Pittsburgh Trail (Between Titusville and Parker, Pa.)

Blooming Valley !( Townville «¬89 Warren Tidioute !( «¬27 !( «¬77 «¬408 County Hydetown Crawford !( Queen City Trail ¬127 ¬428 « « Titusville County !( «¬28 «¬27 «¬198 «¬227 ¤£62 Pleasantville !( Oil Creek State Park Trail «¬666 West Hickory !( «¬8 «¬428 «¬36 «¬427 Forest Cochranton «¬285 !( 417 «¬ «¬227 County Cooperstown !( Tionesta Venango !( ¤£322 Venango Rouseville McClintock Trail !( Samuel Justus County «¬428 Hasson Heights Utica Recreation Trail !( !( Oil City «¬36 !( New Lebanon !( !( Woodland Heights Sugarcreek !( «¬285 !( Franklin !( Mercer Rocky Grove «¬257 Mercer Seneca «¬157 Polk !( County !( !( ¤£322 !( Sandy Lake Sandy Creek Trail «¬173 «¬208 Lucinda «¬965 !( Clarion «¬38 County Allegheny River Trail !( Shippenville 8 «¬ Knox !( 208 «¬ «¬66 Clarion Clintonville «¬338 !( Barkeyville !( !( ¨¦§80 Emlenton !( 478 Grove City «¬ !( «¬308 Cherry Valley Saint Petersburg !( !( Harrisville Foxburg !( «¬58 Eau Claire !( !( «¬58 Callensburg «¬68 !( Boyers !( SliSgeoe Map !( Parker «¬368 for Detail NY Hilliards !( 108 !( «¬ PA OH !( Slippery Rock Butler NJ Butler «¬38 Bruin WV !( MD Rimersburg «¬173 County !( «¬854 138 0 1.5 3 «¬ Miles West Liberty Fair!(view !( West Sunbury !( «¬861 ´ !( Petrolia 528 «¬ Karns City !(

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 7 8 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis Regional Demographics

Oil Region Trails, 2012 U.S. Census Estimates* Crawford County Venango County Clarion County Population, 2012 Estimate 87,598 54,272 39,646 Median Household Income (2008–2012) $41,664 $41,814 $43,059 Households (2008–2012) 35,232 22,525 15,638 Persons Per Household (2008–2012) 2.41 2.38 2.43 Population Density Per Square Mile (2012) 87.7 81.5 66.6

Projected Population Growth by County** 2010 2020 2030 Crawford County 89,281 89,515 90,088 Venango County 55,182 52,844 50,205 Clarion County 39,662 38,726 37,895

*Source: U.S. Census QuickFacts 2012 **Source: Pennsylvania State Data Center, County Population Projections, 2000–2030

CRAWFORD

VENANGO

CLARION

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 9 2013 Survey Results – Erie to Pittsburgh Trail (Titusville to Parker, Pa.)

10 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis Question 1 Questions 6 What is your ZIP code? What is your primary activity on the trail? 70.1% Pennsylvania (Venango County 27.1%; 51.8% Biking Butler County 12.2%; Allegheny 27.8% Walking/hiking County 11.1%; Clarion County 10.6%; 6.4% Jogging/running Crawford County 9.1%) 3.7% Fishing 19.7% 20 other Pennsylvania counties 2.7% Geocaching 6.2% Ohio 1.4% Cross-country skiing/snowshoeing 4.0% 13 other states 1.0% Dog walking 0.4% Horseback riding Question 2 0.4% Skating How often, on average, do you use the trail? 4.6% Other: Hunting, photography, 24.4% A Few times a year swimming 17.6% A couple times a month 16.9% More than twice a week Question 7 10.8% Twice a week Has the trail had an influence on the type or fre- 10.3% First time quency of activity you participate in? 8.8% Once a week 82.2% Yes 6.6% Daily 17.8% No 4.6% Once a month Question 8 Question 3 Generally, when do you use the trail? Please identify your age group. 21.6% Weekdays 34.4% 56–65 20.3% Weekends 22.7% 46–55 58.2% Both 18.7% 66 or older 9.4% 36–45 Question 9 8.5% 26–35 How much time do you generally spend on the 4.8% 16–25 trail each visit? 1.5% 15 and under 1.3% Less than 30 minutes 15.3% 30 minutes to 1 hour Question 4 42.5% 1 to 2 hours Were any children 15 years of age or younger with 40.7% More than 2 hours you on your trail experience today? 14.9% Yes Question 10 85.1% No Would you consider your main use of the trail to be for…? Question 5 What is your gender? 54.5% Health and exercise 53.4% Male 42.8% Recreation 46.6% Female 1.2% Commuting 1.0% Event training 0.2% Walk to school 0.4% Other

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 11

Question 11 Question 15 During your visit to the trail, did you…? In conjunction with your most recent trip to the 39.8% Watch wildlife trail, did you purchase any of the following? 22.8% Bird watch 23.4% Beverages 16.8% Study wildflowers 20.5% Meals at a restaurant along the trail 4.0% Fish 13.1% Candy/snack foods 3.5% Geocache 8.5% Ice cream 1.8% Go boating 7.0% Sandwiches 1.5% Go hunting 4.1% Other 9.8% Other 0.1% Bike rental 23.3% None of these Question 12 How did you find out about the trail? Question 16 39.7% Word of mouth Approximately how much did you spend per per- 9.1% Driving past son on the items above? 8.0% Roadside signage The average spent per trip for those who indicated 7.1% Local brochure they had made a purchase and provided a dollar 6.0% Newspaper amount was $21.62 (n = 271). 5.2% Traillink.com Note: This is an average amount spent per person, per 3.9% explorePAtrails.com trip. 3.6% Bike shop 2.8% Tourist bureau Question 17 1.4% Other website Did your visit to the trail involve an overnight stay 13.2% Other: (A majority live or have a camp in one of the following types of accommodations? in the area.) (n = 112) (24.6% of the total respondents) 26.8% Friend or relative’s home Question 13 25.9% Motel/hotel Has your use of the trail influenced your purchase 17.9% Campground of…? 2.7% Bed-and-breakfast 27.6% Bike supplies 26.8% Other: (Private vacation camp) 22.9% Bicycle 15.8% Clothing Question 18 14.6% Footwear How many nights did you stay in conjunction with 12.9% Nothing your visit to the trail? 6.3% Auto accessories (bike rack, etc.) Average number of nights per stay: 2.6

Question 14 Question 19 Approximately how much did you spend on the Approximately how much did you spend on over- items above in the past year? night accommodations per night? The average for those who indicated they had Average expenditure per night for those who pro- made a purchase and provided a dollar amount vided an amount was $80.20 (n = 51). was $337.50 (n = 313).

12 / DErie & toL Trail Pittsburgh 2012 User Trail Survey 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis

Question 20 Question 25 In your opinion, the maintenance of the trail is… Which trail access point do you generally use when 50.4% Excellent you visit the trail? 41.7% Good 24.5% Franklin 6.6% Fair 21.3% Emlenton 1.3% Poor 14.1% Oil City 13.0% Belmar Question 21 12.5% Petroleum Centre In your opinion, the safety and security along the 12.5% Rockland trail is… 11.9% Foxburg 36.4% Excellent 8.3% Titusville 52.9% Good 7.7% Parker 8.3% Fair 7.5% Van 2.5% Poor 3.7% Jersey Bridge 3.0% Miller Farm Question 22 2.4% Brandon In your opinion, the cleanliness of the trail is… 1.0% Rynd Farm 0.8% McClintock Well #1 51.8% Excellent 4.8% Other 40.7% Good 7.1% Fair 0.4% Poor

Question 23 Are you aware of the Erie to Pittsburgh Trail project? 51.7% Yes 48.3% No

Question 24 Which portion of the trail do you use most often? 23.2% Franklin to Belmar 22.6% Rockland to Emlenton 22.9% Belmar to Van 17.9% Drake Well to Petroleum Centre 15.6% Foxburg to Parker 14.1% Kennerdell to Rockland 12.9% Belmar to Fisherman’s Cove 9.5% Titusville to Drake Well 9.4% Brandon to Kennerdell 7.7% Franklin to Oil City 6.0% Rynd Farm to Oil City 1.1% Other

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 13 ZIP CODE MAP for Erie to Pittsburgh Trail Survey Respondents

Distribution of the user survey respondents based on ZIP code. Respondents to the survey represented 14 states, and 89.6 percent of the respondents were from Pennsylvania.

ondents - Oil Heritage Trails

2013 Trail User Survey Respondents by Zip Code 1 - 2

3 - 6

7 - 12 NY 13 - 29 See Map 30 - 53 for Detail OH PA Trail NJ WV MD State Zip Code 0 5 10 County Miles ´

14 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis Methodology and Analysis

Utilizing RTC’s Trail User Survey Workbook by large state parks with additional connections to template as a starting point, the survey form was hiking and mountain-bike trails, both areas bisect refined with input from the staff and volunteers of areas originally developed by industry for harvesting the Council on Greenways and Trails, Oil Region of natural resources, and both areas are reliant on Alliance and Allegheny Valley Trails Association. The public-private partnerships for continued develop- sample was self-selecting, meaning trail users could ment and maintenance of the trails. The north pick up survey forms that were available at each of section of the D & L Trail is approximately 55 miles the trail’s primary trailheads between Titusville, Pa., long, and while it does pass through rural areas, the and Parker, Pa. The survey forms were folded into a population is more than twice the density of the postage-paid self-mailer that was addressed to Rails- area surrounding the trails between Titusville and to-Trails Conservancy, Washington, D.C. office. Parker, Pa.

The survey collection was conducted from the end *www.railstotrails.org/resources/documents/wherewework/ of May 2013 to the end of October 2013. Approxi- northeast/dl_trailusersurvey.pdf mately 1,700 survey forms were distributed, and 455 completed forms were received and tabulated.

Because several questions called for multiple responses, and some survey respondents did not answer every question, the percentages presented in this analysis are based on the total number of responses to each individual question.

(Disclaimer: As a self-selecting survey, the findings are not absolute, and no one can predict with any certainty how trail users will act in the future. That said, our findings track very closely with similar surveys and other published reports, as well as anec- dotal evidence).

For the purpose of this analysis, the data from the 2013 respondents’ surveys has been compared with data collected in the 2012 survey of the D & L Trail* in eastern Pennsylvania. Like the trails between Titusville and Parker, the D & L Trail also anchors a National Heritage Area. The 2012 D & L Trail Survey separated the collected data into three distinct regions. The “North” region of the 165-mile D & L Trail is not unlike the trails included in this reach of the Erie to Pittsburgh Trail. Both areas are anchored

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 15 Comparative Analysis

As with most rail-trails surveyed, this section of the Erie to Pittsburgh Trail appears to have a majority of users over age 45. Since this was not an intercept survey, there is the possibility that the majority age reflected in these results may be influenced by people who are most likely to fill out a paper survey; however, visual observations of users made during the course of the survey support the figures of an older population being the majority user.

What is your age group? Comparison among regions

40 40 35 35 30 30 25 25 20 20 15 15 10 10 5 5

Percent 0 Percent 0 <15 16-25 26-35 36-45 46-55 56-65 >66 <15 16-25 26-35 36-45 46-55 56-65 >66

EPT EPT D & L Trail (North)

The activities reported are similar in both areas, with the exception of dog walking and geocaching. Less than 1 percent geocache activity was reported on the northern section of the D & L Trail in 2012. Dog walking is likely higher along the D & L Trail than in the trails in the Oil Heritage Area due to the proximity of more residential areas near the trail. At least 22 caches were listed on the Geocache.com website for the trails at the time of this writing. Activities specified in the other category include horseback riding (very limited), photography, hunting and bird watching.

What is your primary activity? Comparison among regions 60 60

50 50

40 40

30 30

20 20

10 10 Percent Percent 0 0 Walk Bike JogSki Dog Geo- Fish Other Walk Bike Jog SkiDog Geo- Fish Other Walk cache Walk cache EPT EPT D & L Trail (North)

16 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis National averages for walking speed are 3 miles per hour, with an average bike speed of 10 miles per hour. With speed of travel in mind, a correlation can be seen between the primary activity (bicycling) and the amount of time spent on the trail. More important to the local economic impact is the fact that the more time a user spends on the trail, the more likely they are to spend money on food or lodging in the immediate vicinity. Since the majority of users are on the trails between 1 and 2 hours, we can assume they are walking between 3 and 6 miles or riding a bike between 10 and 20 miles or more. The majority of the D & L Trail’s surface in the north region is crushed stone, while the Erie to Pittsburgh Trail between Titusville and Parker is primarily a paved surface, which does allow for a faster average speed while bicycling.

How much time did you spend on each trail visit? Comparison among regions

45 45 40 40 35 35 30 30 25 25 20 20 15 15 10 10 5 5

Percent 0 Percent 0 <30 min 30-60 min 1-2 hrs >2 hrs <30 min 30-60 min 1-2 hrs >2 hrs

EPT EPT D & L Trail (North)

More than 76 percent of the users surveyed reported purchasing some food item in conjunction with their trail use. This could be anything from a single bottle of water or snack bar at a convenience store to a full meal at a local restaurant. The percentage closely resembles the activity seen on the D & L Trail in eastern Pennsyl- vania and is higher than the purchasing activity found on the Armstrong Trail section of the Erie to Pittsburgh Trail. The higher percentage is indicative of a trail that people travel to get to versus a trail that is near their home.

Number of people who purchased “soft goods” Comparison among regions

90 90 80 80 70 76.7 70 76.7 73.6 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 23.4 20 23.4 26.4 10 10

Percent 0 Percent 0 Yes No Yes No

EPT EPT D & L Trail (North)

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 17 Using data culled from a 2006 user survey of the same trails in the Oil Region National Heritage Area, we were able to extrapolate a per person expenditure on soft goods only. These items include bike rental, snacks and beverages. Gas and lodging expenses are not included in this total. An online inflation calculator (usinflationcalculator.com) equates the 2006 value of $16.16 to $18.68 today, indicating trail users are spending approximately $2.52 more per trip in 2013.

Average $ spent per person on “soft goods” Comparison among regions

25 50 45 20 $21.62 40 $43.23 35 15 $16.16 30 25 10 20 $21.62 15 5 10 5 Average Dollars Average Dollars 0 0 2006 2013 $ $ EPT D & L Trail (North) EPT

18 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis Survey respondents were asked to estimate the amount of expenditures they have made for supply items such as a bicycle, bike or auto accessories, and clothing. A comparable figure was not available from the 2006 Oil Region Survey results. The higher amount reported by the D & L Trail survey respondents may be accounted for by a slightly higher household income* found in the area of the D & L Trail. More than 87 percent of the 2013 survey respondents reported purchasing items, and in 2012, just slightly more than 82 percent of the D & L survey respondents reported making expenditures on these items.

Average $ spent per person on “hard goods” Comparison among regions 400 450 350 400 $425.12 300 $337.50 350 300 $337.50 250 250 200 200 150 150 100 100 50 50

Average Dollars 0 Average Dollars 0 $ $

EPT EPT D & L Trail (North)

*U.S. Census QuickFacts: $42,179 is the average Median Household Income in 2012 for the three-county region of the Erie to Pittsburgh Trail; $46,718 is the average Median Household Income in the north region of the D & L Trail.

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 19 Trail User Estimate

During the summer of 2013, passive infrared counters were placed at 12 locations along the 66 miles of trail between Titusville and Parker, Pa. These counters collect data on the number of trail users passing the counter by detecting each user’s “heat signature.”

In order to develop an annual user estimate for the trails of the Oil Heritage Region, the data collected from mid-May through October was extrapolated to a 12-month estimate using a User Visit Model developed by RTC. This model examines data collected using electronic counters at 95 different locations on rail-trails across the United States.

Trail Counter Actual Estimated Adjusted for Adjusted for Adjusted for Location Count 12-Month Passing Multiple Missing Out-&-Back (1 month) Count* Counters Counts Trips

Queen City Trail 212 1,637 NA 1,964 1,144

Drake Well 2,870 22,162 19,942 23,930 13,939

Oil Creek State Park 653 5,042 4,538 5,446 3,172

Samuel Justus Trail 5,634 43,506 NA 52,207 30,411

Allegheny River Trail-Salt Box 5,624 43,436 NA 52,123 30,342

Allegheny River Trail – Brandon 377 2,911 NA 3,493 2,033

Allegheny River Trail – Rockland 1,496 11,552 10,397 12,476 7,267

Allegheny River Trail – Emlenton 4,466 34,486 31,037 37,244 21,694

Allegheny River Trail – Foxburg 1,252 9,668 8,701 10,441 6,082

Allegheny River Trail – Parker 2,467 19,050 17,145 20,574 11,984

Sandy Creek Trail – Rockland 1,951 15,066 NA 18,079 10,524

Sandy Creek Trail – Belmar 3,692 28,510 NA 34,212 19,915

Total Estimated Annual Trail User Visits 158,507*

*Annual estimate developed from actual counter data extrapolated using the RTC User Visit Model.

20 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis Economic Impact

Non-Consumable, Hard Goods Consumable, Soft Goods

The economic impact of the trails in the Erie to The survey also determined how much trail users Pittsburgh Trail between Titusville and Parker, Pa., spent on consumables, or “soft goods” (water, soda, comprises several elements. From the survey, the snacks, ice cream, lunches, etc.), while using the percentage of respondents who have purchased durable trail. The percentage of respondents who made these goods or “hard goods” (bikes, bike equipment, types of purchases is an important aspect for deter- running/walking shoes, etc.), was determined. Most mining the local economic impact. respondents also indicated how much they spent on these types of purchases during the past 12 months. In conjunction with your most recent visit to the trail, did you purchase any of the following? (Check Has your use of the trail influenced your purchase all that apply.) of? (Check all that apply.) Beverages 23.4% Bicycle 22.9% Candy/snack foods 13.1% Bicycle supplies 27.6% Sandwiches 7.0% Auto accessories 6.3% Ice cream 8.5% Running/walking/hiking shoes 14.6% Meals at a restaurant along the trail 20.5% Clothing 15.8% Bike rental 0.1% Nothing 12.9% Other 4.1% None of these 23.3% Approximately how much did you spend on the items above in the past year? (Enter dollar amount.) Approximately how much did you spend per person Average hard goods purchase $337.50 on the items above? (Enter dollar amount.)

Average consumable goods purchase per trip $21.62

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 21 Lodging How many nights did you stay in conjunction with your visit to this trail? The third factor included in the estimate of trail- Average 2.6 nights user economic impact is overnight lodging. Approximately how much did you spend on over- The number of overnights and average amount paid night accommodations per night? for rooms were determined directly from the 2013 Average $80.20 survey responses. The total number of people who reported paying for Did your visit to the trail involve an overnight stay an overnight stay was calculated to be 13 percent. in one of the following types of accommodations? (Circle one response.) Motel/hotel 25.9% Bed-and-breakfast 2.7% Friend or relative’s home 26.8% Campground 17.9% Other 26.8%

22 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis Economic Impact Analysis

The following chart takes the data collected from the three categories of soft goods, hard goods and lodging and extrapolates the purchases on an annual basis. While “hard good” purchases may not be made on an annual basis, they represent a significant expenditure figure. The purchase of “soft goods” does represent an annual expenditure because these purchases are made on a per-trip basis by users. Likewise, spending on overnight accommodations can be anticipated to occur year after year.

Annual User Estimate (rounded) 158,507

Category % Usage Avg. $ Avg. Life Avg. # of Trips** Avg. # of Nights Total Est. Expenditure

Hard Goods* 87.1% $337.50 6 years 14.1 $550,728 Soft Goods 76.8% $21.62 $2,631,876 Lodging 13.0% $80.20 2.6 $4,296,744

Hard Goods = (% Usage x (Avg. $ ÷ Avg. Life) x # Users ÷ Avg. Number of Trips)* In the above example, the calculation would look like this: ((0.871 x ($337.50 ÷ 6)) x (158,507 ÷ 14.1) = $550,728.

Soft Goods = (% Usage x Users Avg. $ x # Users) In the above example, the calculation would look like this: (0.768 x $21.62 x 158,507) = $2,631,876.

Overnight Accommodations = (% Usage x User Avg. $ x Avg. # of Nights x # Users) In the above example, the calculation would look like this: (0.130 x $80.20 x 2.6 x 158,507) = $4,296,744.

*Major “hard good” purchases such as a bike may be replaced every 5 to 10 years. Running shoes may be replaced every couple of months. For the purpose of this analysis, we assumed the average life of a “hard good” to be six years. To get a figure that is usable on an annual user basis, the “hard goods” need to be broken down to a per-trip figure.

**This amounts to calculating the average spending on “hard goods” to a per-trip depreciation amount.

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 23 Trail Maintenance, Security and Cleanliness

Questions about trail maintenance, safety and cleanliness are important to the trail managers and other area stakeholders who work hard to maintain the condition of their trails. Survey respondents also had an oppor- tunity to make open-ended comments about the trail. A total of 455 written comments were received and will be made available to the trail managers along the trails. A general summary of the types of comments made has been included in this report.

In your opinion, the maintenance of the trail is… In your opinion, the cleanliness of the trail is…

60 60

50 50

40 40

30 30

20 20

10 10 cent cent Per 0 Per 0 Excellent Good Fair Poor Excellent Good Fair Poor

In your opinion, the safety and security along the trail is…

10 cent

Per 0 Excellent Good Fair Poor

24 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis Qualitative Values of the Trails

The following are a sampling of verbatim comments that were taken from the 2013 Oil Region Trails User Survey forms: It is great to have this trail. I enjoy it so much. I go every possible day…5 miles. I am 82 years old, and it is good exercise. Thanks so much!!! The Porta Johns in the parking lot are a good idea. Also, I think they need to print lines in the tunnels with reflective paint instead of the reflectors. Had a great time but would like to see better maps of all the trails and surrounding roads and access points. Often use trail as stretch point. Often bike other units when we are in the area up here. Very interested in Erie to Pittsburgh stretch, especially through Meadville area! What a treasure! Sandy Creek was the most beautiful trail we’ve been on. The tunnels were great fun. Thank you! There need[s] to be restrooms at 8-10 mile intervals. Would like signs telling what little creek you might be crossing. The trails and their upkeep are great; thanks to those who were behind the construction and the maintenance. Wish our trails in New York were as nice as these ones. Need to clean excess gravel off of trail to Oil City; four wheelers on oil leases throw gravel onto trail as well as cars going too fast. We hope the trail from Foxburg to Emlenton will soon be complete. Hope you can open the Emlenton to Foxburg. And the Parker to East Brady trails. Lots of luck. Thanks for everyone’s efforts to maintain and expand the trails. They have fostered family and conservation values! Excellent trail; one issue: the pylons are too close together for some recumbent trikes; 6 inches more would make a world of difference. The trails and their upkeep are great thanks to those who were behind the construction and the maintenance. Was in the area on business. I ride rail-trails when I travel, when there is one close by. Great trail!

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 25 Appendix – Trail Counter Data

26 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis 4 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 . . . .

8 / / 0 2 0 0

8 0 1 9 0 1 1 6

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9 2 - 10 - 2013

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3 2 - 10 - l 2013

1 2 - 10 - v 2013

9 1 - 10 - u 2013

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l l

n n / e /

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a a x a x a e r r t t

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T T M P P M M Q N M 7 2 - 09 - 2013

5 2 - 09 - : 2013

: 3 2 - 09 - n 2013

1 2 - 09 - o 2013

9 1 - 09 - a 2013

7 1 - 09 -

o 2013 o

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3 1 - 09 -

2013 3 5 8 4 5 0 9 0 8

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1 1 - 09 - 2013 1 6 4 2 0 2 0 3 0

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 0 - 09 - 2013

7 0 - 09 - 2013

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8 2 - 08 - 2013

6 2 - 08 - 2013

4 2 - 08 - 2013

2 2 - 08 - 2013

0 2 - 08 - 2013

1 1 8 1 - 08 - 2013

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: :

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a n

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s a

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a 8 3 5 6 5

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1 1

7 0 - 07 - 2013 1 52 / 0

169 / 0

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0 1 0 - 07 - 2013

9 2 - 06 - t 2013 c

n 7 2 - 06 - O 2013

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C 3 2 - 06 - n 2013

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a n s E Q

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d l l e m l l i i n o n e i i j a a n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a a d x a d u t t r t t n 8 6 4 2 6 4 2 0 8 o a a i e o e o r e t o o o o 1 1 1 1 1 T T M M TRAFx REPORT: P C P M M M T T Daily Max/Min Weekday: Daily Max/Min Weekend: FIVE PEAK PERIODS: 2013-10-05 (169), 2013-10-06 (52), 2013-10-18 2013-10-21 2013-08-24 (44) S

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 27 0 0 0 1 0 0 6 0 . . . .

7 / / 0 6 0 0

7 0 1 5 0 7 1 1 8

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2013 3 2 8 8 2 3 2 2 6

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1 1 - 09 - 2013 0 0 8 1 0 5 5 7 3

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4 2 - 08 - 2013

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t n e u d a a 4 0 - 08 -

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t i 5 1 - 07 - 2013

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1 1 9 8

7 9 7

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212 / 6

5 0 - 07 -

2013 585 / 34

3 0 - 07 - 2013

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2 7 2 - 06 - t 2013

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d l l e i l l m n i o n e i i j n a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 d a a d a x u r t t t t n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o a e e o a i o r e t o o o o 6 5 4 3 2 1 7 M TRAFx REPORT: P T C T P M M S M M T T Daily Max/Min Weekday: Daily Max/Min Weekend: FIVE PEAK PERIODS: 2013-08-18 (585), 2013-10-05 2013-08-04 (308), 2013-08-24 (295), 2013-08-11 (271)

28 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis 5 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 . . . .

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6 0 2 9 0 3 1 2

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r 2013

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3 1 - 07 - 2013

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0 0 7 2 0 1 1 - 07 - 2013 . . . .

a 4 2 8 2 5

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1 3 1

7 0 - 07 - 2013 94 / 0 1

129 / 0

5 0 - 07 - 2013

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2 9 2 - 06 - t 2013 t

n 7 2 - 06 - 2013

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2013

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c a m

d l l e m l l i i n o n e i i j n a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a a d x d a u t t r t t n 8 6 4 2 4 2 0 o a a i e e o o r t e o o o o 1 1 1 M M M T T Daily Max/Min Weekday: Daily Max/Min Weekend: FIVE PEAK PERIODS: 2013-10-12 (129), 2013-08-25 (100), 2013-09-28 (98), 2013-07-26 (94), 2013-08-04 (94) TRAFx REPORT: P T T M M S C P

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 29 30 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis 3 0 0 3 0 0 8 0 . . . .

4 1 / 0 9 0 0

8 / 0 4

0 2 1 1 4 2 4

1 3 - 10 - 2013

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7 2 - 10 - 2013

5 2 - 10 - i 2013

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i 1 2 - 10 - 2013

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t y

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n n e

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7 0 - 09 - 2013

5 0 - 09 - 2013

3 0 - 09 - 2013

1 0 - 09 - 2013

0 3 - 08 - 2013

8 2 - 08 - 2013

6 2 - 08 - 2013

4 2 - 08 - 2013

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a n

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d u

n t e u d a a 4 0 - 08 -

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h r e e

2 0 - 08 - 2013 M T W S T S F

M M

1 3 - 07 - 2013 n n n n n n n y y

l l

a a a a a a a i i 9 2 - 07 - 2013

e e e e e e e

a a

7 2 - 07 -

2013 M M M D D M M M M

5 2 - 07 - 2013

3 2 - 07 - 2013

1 2 - 07 - 2013

9 1 - 07 - : 2013 h

s r 7 1 - 07 - i 2013

a n

t i 5 1 - 07 - 2013

S F

3 1 - 07 - 2013

y 3 3 0 3

4 8 0 0 3 8 1 1 - 07 - 2013 . . . .

a 4 9 5 5 4 1

7 0 9 4

9 0 - 07 - 2013 8 0 7 1 7 d

2 3 4 8

2 5 7

7 0 - 07 - 2013 1 1 1 1

2 1

5 0 - 07 -

2013 348 / 29 744 / 18

3 0 - 07 - 2013

1 0 - 07 - 1 2013

0 9 2 - 06 - t 2013

n t

7 2 - 06 - 2013

u c

5 2 - 06 - o 2013 O

C _ 3 2 - 06 -

2013

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s u 9 1 - 06 - 2013 J

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t a 5 1 - 06 - 2013 r r

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s o 1 1 - 06 - 2013 i _

u t

9 0 - 06 - 2013 T : : a :

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a n s E J

e t 5 0 - 06 - 2013 d g d e

n D : o n k k

3 0 - 06 - 2013 i e e e u

d m

: m 1 0 - 06 - 2013 : e e

L o e r r :

u t n a e C P : : d W W t

c a

m d l l e i l l m n i o n e i i j a a n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 d a a a d x u r t t t t n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o a e o e i a o r e t o o o o 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 TRAFx REPORT: P M M M T C T P M T T Daily Max/Min Weekday: Daily Max/Min Weekend: FIVE PEAK PERIODS: 2013-06-08 (744), 2013-07-11 (348), 2013-06-05 (302), 2013-08-04 (300), 2013-06-09 (299) S M

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 31 9 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 . . . .

5 1 / 2 0 0 0

2 / 5 0

0 3 1 1 2 2 7

1 3 - 10 - 2013

9 2 - 10 - 2013

n 7 2 - 10 - i 2013 l

k 5 2 - 10 - 2013

3 2 - 10 -

a 2013

1 2 - 10 - F 2013

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i 7 1 - 10 - 2013

r 5 1 - 10 - 2013

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1 2

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9 0 - 10 - 2013 ) )

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7 0 - 10 - 2013 ( ( g g

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1 2 ( ( e

n n

( ( v 3 0 - 10 - i 2013 h

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l l n n / /

g 1 0 - 10 - 2013 c c D a a a a x x

r r t t

l e e a a o 9 2 - 09 - 2013 e e l o o

M P P M A T T M M N 7 2 - 09 - 2013

5 2 - 09 - : 2013

: 3 2 - 09 - n 2013

1 2 - 09 - o 2013

9 1 - 09 - a 2013

7 1 - 09 -

o 2013 o

5 1 - 09 - L 2013 C

3 1 - 09 -

2013 9 4 8 2 1 0 5 6 0

......

1 1 - 09 - 2013 6 9 9 8 3 6 6 5 0

2 2 2 1 9 2 1 2 4

9 0 - 09 - 2013

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2

7 0 - 09 - 2013

5 0 - 09 - 2013

3 0 - 09 - 2013

1 0 - 09 - 2013

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6 2 - 08 - 2013

4 2 - 08 - 2013

2 2 - 08 - 2013

0 2 - 08 - 2013

1 1 8 1 - 08 - 2013

0 3

: :

- - 6 1 - 08 - 2013 y d

6 0

a n

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k k 2 1 - 08 - 3 2013 3

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s a

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u a u h

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M M

1 3 - 07 - 2013 n n n n n n n y y

l l

a a a a a a a i i 9 2 - 07 - 2013

e e e e e e e

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7 2 - 07 -

2013 M M M M D D M M M

5 2 - 07 - 2013

3 2 - 07 - 2013

1 2 - 07 - 2013

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s r 7 1 - 07 - i 2013

a n

t i 5 1 - 07 - 2013

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3 1 - 07 - 2013

y 9 2 7 3

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a 5 3 2 5 7 1

0 2 3 8

9 0 - 07 - 2013 2 7 5 1 5 d

4 5 5 8

3 3 9

7 0 - 07 - 2013 1 1 1

2 1

5 0 - 07 -

2013 298 / 14 572 / 16

3 0 - 07 - 3 2013

1 0 - 07 - 2013 0

t 9 2 - 06 - 2 2013 t

c 7 2 - 06 - u 2013

O o 5 2 - 06 - 2013 _

3 2 - 06 - e 2013 r

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t 5 1 - 06 - b 2013

r t

: l

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N o 1 1 - 06 - S 2013 i

9 0 - 06 - 2013 T T : a : :

P R y d h : 7 0 - 06 - 2013 v s t

a n

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d m

: m 1 0 - 06 - 2013 : e e

L o e r r :

u n t a e C P : : W W d t

c a

m d l l e i l l m n i o n e i i j n a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 d a a d a x u r t t t t n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o a o e e i a o r e t o o o o 6 5 4 3 2 1 7 M M TRAFx REPORT: P M M T T Daily Max/Min Weekday: Daily Max/Min Weekend: FIVE PEAK PERIODS: 2013-06-29 (572), 2013-06-08 (451), 2013-10-26 (450), 2013-08-04 (330), 2013-08-17 (324) C T T P S M

32 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 . . . .

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o 5 2 - 10 - 2013

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1 2 - 10 - r 2013

B 9 1 - 10 - 2013

7 1 - 10 -

a 2013

5 1 - 10 - 2013

: : 3 1 - 10 - r 2013

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1 1 - 10 - 2013

2 1 v : :

( ( i y

9 0 - 10 - 2013 ) ) b

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1 2

: 7 0 - 10 - 2013 ( ( g g :

e y

) )

a a d ) ) n 5 0 - 10 - 2013 n n i t t 1 2 i i

1 2

( ( e v

n n

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Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 33 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 . . . .

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34 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis 1 0 8 0 0 0 9 0 . . . .

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Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 37 6 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 . . . .

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38 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis 4 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 . . . .

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Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 39 1 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 . . . .

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2013 P P M S T T M N M M

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2 1 - 07 -

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0 1 - 07 - 1 2013

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d l l e i l l m n i o n e i i j n a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 d a a a d x u r t t t t n 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 o a e o e a i o r e t o o o o 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 4 TRAFx REPORT: P M M M T C T P S M M T T Daily Max/Min Weekday: Daily Max/Min Weekend: FIVE PEAK PERIODS: 2013-08-04 (407), 2013-09-14 (398), 2013-07-28 (370), 2013-10-12 (362), 2013-07-21 (352)

40 / Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis Our thanks to Marilyn Black, Drake Well Museum, Victor Foose, Debra Frawley, Harry Freeman, Kim Harris, Michael Henderson, Carl Knoch, Bernadette Lagamba, Bob Nelson, Oil Region Alliance, Diana Shoff, Mike Sholley, Brian Symonds, David Tiffany and Venango County Historical Society, for the photos throughout this report.

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy / 41 Northeast Regional Office 2133 Market Street, Suite 222 Camp Hill, PA 17011 tel 717.238.1717 fax 717.238.7566

National Headquarters 2121 Ward Court, NW, 5th Floor Washington, DC 20037 tel 202.331.9696 fax 202.223.9257 railstotrails.org TrailLink.com