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Macroinvertebrate Study Oregon, Fall 2017 Final Report

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Macroinvertebrate Study Oregon, Fall 2017 Final Report CITY OF EUGENE MACROINVERTEBRATE STUDY OREGON, FALL 2017 FINAL REPORT Prepared for City of Eugene Public Works-Waste Water Division Eugene, Oregon By Michael B. Cole, Ph.D. Cole Ecological, Inc. December 2017 CITY OF EUGENE MACROINVERTEBRATE STUDY, OREGON, FALL 2017 FINAL REPORT Prepared for City of Eugene Public Works - Wastewater Division 410 River Avenue Eugene, Oregon 97404 By Michael B. Cole, Ph.D. Cole Ecological, Inc. December 2017 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • The City of Eugene has performed triennial macroinvertebrate monitoring since 2008 to determine the biological condition of local surface waters and to inform the effects of stormwater management and other water quality improvement projects on local surface waters. This report summarizes the City of Eugene’s fourth year of biological monitoring, conducted in 2017. The objectives of the 2017 monitoring were to determine current macroinvertebrate community conditions at select locations, compare current results with those from previous years, and determine whether any notable changes or trends in biological conditions have occurred among the study reaches since 2008. • To achieve these objectives, macroinvertebrate communities, physical habitat, and water chemistry were sampled in September 2017 from six reaches in the Amazon Creek drainage basin, a reach within Delta Ponds, and a reference reach within the Middle Fork of Spencer Creek. First sampled in 2011, three reaches on the mainstem Willamette River and one reach on the Coast Fork of the Willamette River were sampled for the third time in 2017. • Results from fall 2017 suggest that streams within the City of Eugene continue to support chronically degraded macroinvertebrate communities as evaluated by both the Marine Western Coastal Forest (MWCF) predictive model and a number of individual macroinvertebrate community metrics. Consistent with 2008 through 2014 results, all of the test reaches on Amazon Creek and the Delta Ponds reach would have received the lowest classification of “severely disturbed” had impairment classes been assigned to the reaches based on MWCF model observed-versus-expected (O/E) scores. We hesitate to assign impairment classes to these stream reaches, however, as the predictive model used in this study was developed with data collected from higher-gradient stream reaches that may not be directly comparable to Eugene’s stream reaches, particularly in the middle and lower portions of the Amazon Creek watershed. • Based on O/E scores, macroinvertebrate community conditions measured in the test reaches in 2017 were similar to those measured by the City in past years. Results from 2017 were also comparable to biological conditions assessed in four Amazon Creek reaches by the Long Tom Watershed Council in 2005. • As in 2011 and 2014, O/E scores from each of the Willamette River reaches in 2017 indicate that macroinvertebrate communities are heavily disturbed, while multimetric scores and their corresponding impairment classes suggest only moderate to slight disturbance. The disparity between these findings results from the inability of the MWCF model to accurately predict the specific composition of Cole Ecological, Inc. i 2017 Eugene Macroinvertebrates taxa of the invertebrate fauna in a large river such as the Willamette. Accordingly, we recommend that future monitoring continue to include the use of both tools, as the computed values from each approach may provide insight into longer-term trends; however, we dissuade the use of the MWCF model condition classes to determine the ecological condition of the Willamette River reaches. • Collectively, the results of the present study and of historic City of Eugene water quality data implicate multiple stressors co-occurring in Amazon Creek acting to create a chronically and severely stressed macroinvertebrate community. This phenomenon, known as “urban stream syndrome” or “multiple stress syndrome” is well documented among urban streams. Urban stormwater pollution and hydro-modification from efficient stormwater delivery into receiving waters are largely responsible for the various perturbations observed and measured in this and other studies. Amazon Creek benthic communities, like those in many urban streams, stand to benefit from restoration and enhancement efforts, maximizing riparian buffer protection, minimizing total effective impervious areas, and improving stormwater retention and drainage patterns to minimize and mitigate the hydrologic effects of storm events on stream channel conditions. • These data serve as a baseline against which to evaluate long-term improvements to the ecological condition of local surface waters in response to the City of Eugene’s efforts to curtail stormwater runoff and improve the quality of stormwater runoff entering local surface waters. The City is committed to improving the condition of local surface waters and has numerous active projects and programs aimed at achieving this goal. Any measurable biological recovery will take time, perhaps decades, and detecting such recovery requires continued regular monitoring. An on-going commitment to monitoring of local surface waters should serve as an effective tool for measuring the long-term success of these restoration and enhancement efforts. Cole Ecological, Inc. ii 2017 Eugene Macroinvertebrates TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. i LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. vi INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 STUDY AREA ................................................................................................................... 1 METHODS ......................................................................................................................... 2 SAMPLE SITE SELECTION......................................................................................... 2 FIELD DATA COLLECTION ....................................................................................... 3 HABITAT ASSESSMENTS .......................................................................................... 5 Stream reaches ............................................................................................................ 5 River reaches ............................................................................................................... 8 WATER QUALITY SAMPLING .................................................................................. 8 MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLE COLLECTION ................................................. 8 SAMPLE SORTING AND MACROINVERTEBRATE IDENTIFICATION .............. 8 DATA ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................... 9 RESULTS ......................................................................................................................... 12 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS .......................................................................... 12 Stream Reaches ......................................................................................................... 12 Delta Ponds ............................................................................................................... 15 River Reaches ........................................................................................................... 15 MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS ...................................... 17 Cole Ecological, Inc. iii 2017 Eugene Macroinvertebrates Stream Reaches ......................................................................................................... 17 Delta Ponds ............................................................................................................... 22 River Reaches ........................................................................................................... 25 DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................... 29 RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................. 36 LITERATURE CITED ..................................................................................................... 37 APPENDIX A: REACH SUMMARIES .......................................................................... 40 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Reach information and sampling history of study reaches sampled in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, September 2017. Reaches indicated as having been sampled in 2005 (denoted by an “05” in the table) were sampled by the Long Tom Watershed Council. ..................................................................................................... 4 Table 2. Environmental parameters measured in the field to characterize stream reaches in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, September 2017. ...................................... 6 Table 3. Metric set and scoring criteria (WQIW 1999) used to assess condition of macroinvertebrate communities in river reaches within the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2017.............................................................................................
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