AMAZON BASIN AND WILLAMETTE RIVER MACROINVERTEBRATE STUDY, OREGON, FALL 2011
JENA L. LEMKE AND MICHAEL B. COLE
PREPARED FOR
CITY OF EUGENE PUBLIC WORKS–WASTEWATER DIVISION EUGENE, OREGON
PREPARED BY
ABR, INC.–ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH & SERVICES FOREST GROVE, OREGON
AMAZON BASIN AND WILLAMETTE RIVER MACROINVERTEBRATE STUDY, OREGON, FALL 2011
FINAL REPORT
Prepared for
City of Eugene Public Works–Wastewater Division 410 River Avenue Eugene, Oregon 97404
Prepared by
Jena L. Lemke and Michael B. Cole ABR, Inc.–Environmental Research and Services P.O. Box 249 Forest Grove, Oregon 97116
December 2011
Printed on recycled paper.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES ...... iii LIST OF TABLES...... iii LIST OF APPENDICES...... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... iv INTRODUCTION ...... 1 STUDY AREA ...... 1 METHODS...... 1 STUDY REACH SELECTION...... 1 FIELD DATA COLLECTION ...... 1 PHYSICAL HABITAT ASSESSMENTS...... 4 STREAM REACHES...... 4 RIVER REACHES...... 6 WATER CHEMISTRY SAMPLING...... 6 MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT ...... 6 FIELD SAMPLING ...... 6 SAMPLE SORTING AND MACROINVERTEBRATE IDENTIFICATION ...... 7 QUALITY ASSURANCE ...... 7 DATA ANALYSIS ...... 7 RESULTS...... 9 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS...... 9 STREAM REACHES...... 9 DELTA PONDS...... 10 RIVER REACHES...... 10 MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY CONDITIONS ...... 11 STREAM REACHES...... 11 DELTA PONDS...... 13 RIVER REACHES...... 13 DISCUSSION...... 13 RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY...... 18 LITERATURE CITED...... 19
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Reaches sampled for macroinvertebrates, physical habitat, and water chemistry in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2011 ...... 3
LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Study reaches sampled in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2011...... 2 Table 2. Environmental parameters measured in the field to characterize stream reaches in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2011 ...... 4 Table 3. Metric set and scoring criteria used to assess condition of macroinvertebrate communities in river reaches within the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2011...... 8 Table 4. Multimetric score ranges for assignment of macroinvertebrate community condition levels...... 9
iii City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study Table 5. Environmental conditions of survey stream reaches from which macroinvertebrates were sampled in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2011 ...... 10 Table 6. Habitat parameter scores of Willamette River reaches from which macroinvertebrates were sampled in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2011 ...... 11 Table 7. Water quality of Willamette River reaches from which macroinvertebrates were sampled in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2011 ...... 12 Table 8. Marine Western Coastal Forest O/E scores for macroinvertebrate communities sampled from eight stream reaches in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2008 and 2011 .... 12 Table 9. Individual community metrics for macroinvertebrate communities sampled from eight stream reaches in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2008 and 2011...... 14 Table 10. Marine Western Coastal Forest O/E scores for macroinvertebrate communities sampled from four river reaches in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2011 ...... 15 Table 11. Individual community metrics for macroinvertebrate communities sampled from river reaches in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2011 ...... 16 Table 12. Multimetric scores and corresponding impairment classes for macroinvertebrate communities sampled from four river reaches in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2011...... 17
LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1. Reach Summaries ...... 21
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Tom Mendes, Environmental Data Analyst for the City of Eugene, for supporting this study, administering the contract, and serving as the Project Manager. We also thank the landowners that kindly allowed us to access their properties; private landowners include Wildish Companies, Eugene Sand and Gravel, and H. and M. Hudson. Field work was performed by ABR staff members, Jena Lemke and Katri Laukkanen. Nick Haxton processed the associated macroinvertebrate samples, while Ann Gregoire performed all of the taxonomic identification work.
City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study iv Introduction
INTRODUCTION southern portion of the Bethel-Danebo drainage basin to Amazon Creek immediately north of the In 2008, the City of Eugene initiated a biological monitoring program to better inform confluence of Amazon Creek and the Amazon stormwater management and other water quality Diversion Channel. Spring Creek originates in improvement projects (Cole and Lemke 2008). northwest Eugene and flows northward to its This effort was designed to add to historical data confluence with the Willamette River. Spencer compiled from previous studies of macro- Creek originates near the western slope of Spencer invertebrates conducted on Amazon Creek in order Butte and eventually drains into Coyote Creek and to begin to detect temporal changes in biological the Fern Ridge Reservoir west of the City of conditions. The 2008 study also established new Eugene. monitoring reaches within the basin to further characterize existing conditions and therefore METHODS better assess the effects of stormwater runoff on receiving waters as required in the City of STUDY REACH SELECTION Eugene’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination Macroinvertebrate communities, physical System (NPDES), Municipal Separate Storm habitat, and water chemistry were sampled from 12 Sewer System (MS4) Permit. reaches in October 2011 (Table 1, Figure 1). In In 2011, the City of Eugene performed a 2008, six study reaches were selected by second year of biological monitoring under the City of Eugene staff to obtain representative program initiated in 2008. The objective of the coverage of perennial streams within the city. present study was to characterize current These six stream reaches included: one reach macroinvertebrate community conditions within from the A3 Channel (OLT03479-082), one the Amazon Creek drainage basin and compare reach from the Amazon Diversion channel those to a nearby reference reach. The results of the (OLT03479-018), three reaches from Amazon 2011 study were also compared to the 2008 results Creek (OLT03479-061, OLT03479-041, and to determine whether any notable changes have OLT03479-217), and one reach from the Middle occurred in biological conditions among the study Fork of Spencer Creek (MFSC1008-001), which reaches. To achieve these objectives, macro- served as a reference reach (Table 1). Two invertebrate communities, physical habitat, and additional stream reaches were added in 2011, water chemistry were sampled at five reaches in including Spring Creek (COESP2011-01) and the Amazon Creek drainage basin, a reach on Delta Ponds (COEWRDP2011-01). In 2011, Spring Creek, a reach within Delta Ponds, and at samples were also collected from three one reference reach within the Middle Fork of wadeable portions of the mainstem Willamette Spencer Creek in fall of 2011. Three reaches on the River in reaches downstream of the Knickerbocker Bridge (COEWRDWKB2011- mainstem Willamette River and one reach on the 02), downstream of the Owosso Bridge Coast Fork of the Willamette River were also (COEWRDSOB2011-03), and downstream of the sampled in 2011. Beltline Bridge (COEWRDSBB2011-04). An additional sample was collected from a small side STUDY AREA channel of the Coast Fork of the Willamette River Amazon Creek originates near the eastern (COECFWR2011-01). slope of Spencer Butte in the Oregon Coast Mountain Range and flows through the southern FIELD DATA COLLECTION and western portions of the City of Eugene before Field sampling was conducted between 3 draining into the Long Tom River near Cox Butte. October and 6 October 2011. Owing to the large A diversion channel (Amazon Diversion Channel) size and non-wadeable character of the Willamette connects the Fern Ridge Reservoir to Amazon River reaches, a visual-estimate-based Rapid Creek south of Royal Avenue. A second diversion Habitat Assessment was used to semiquantitatively channel (A3 Channel) diverts flow from the characterize physical habitat at these reaches. As in
1 City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study Methods Habitat Sampled Reach Type Test Glide Test Glide Test Glide Test Glide Test Glide ette River Other Glide/Pool of Urban Growth Boundary Growth of Urban Boundary River Riffle of confluence with Willamwith of confluence eam of Randyeam Bridge Papé River Glide At Knickerbocker Bridge River Riffle OLT03479-082 OLT03479-018 Near Terry Street Near Royal Avenue
Amazon Diversion Channel Channel Diversion Amazon Amazon Creek (Lower) (Middle) Creek Amazon OLT03479-061 Amazon Creek (Upper) OLT03479-041 Spring Creek Middle ForkSpencer Creek OLT03479-217 MFSC1008-001 Street Near Garfield Avenue 31st Near Near KinneyPark COESC2011-01 Near LoraneHighway At Awbrey Park Reference Glide/Riffle Test Glide Stream Stream Stream Reaches A3 Channel Site Code Other Reaches Location Delta Ponds River Reaches COEWRDP2011-01 Upstream Willamette RiverWillamette Willamette River RiverWillamette COEWRDWKB2011-02 COEWRDSOB2011-03 COEWRDSBB2011-04 At Owosso Bridge Downstr River Riffle Willamette RiverWillamette COECFWR2011-01 Upstream Table 1. 1. Table 2011. fall area, Oregon, study Eugene City of the sampled in reaches Study
City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study 2 Methods n, fall 2011. in the City of Eugene study area, Orego ates, physical habitat, and water chemistry water chemistry and habitat, physical ates, Figure 1. Reaches sampled for macroinvertebr
3 City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study Methods
2008, a modified Rapid Stream Assessment modified Rapid Stream Assessment Technique Technique (RSAT) that includes direct measure- (RSAT) which consisted of data collection from ment of attributes was used to characterize physical individual channel habitat units, three channel conditions in the stream reaches (including the cross sections, and the adjacent riparian zone Delta Ponds reach). (Table 2). First, the valley type within each survey reach was broadly classified as U-type, V-type, PHYSICAL HABITAT ASSESSMENTS ponded, or floodplain. A plan view of the reach STREAM REACHES was sketched as the survey was performed. The physical habitat data were then collected using the Waypoints were acquired for the start and end following procedures: of each reach using a GPS unit and the reach length was measured. Each stream reach measured Habitat Units Survey 20 times the average wetted width or 75-m, The number, length, width, maximum water whichever length was greater. Habitat surveys depth, and gradient of pools, glides, riffles, and were performed in the reaches following a rapids were recorded in each reach. The following
Table 2. Environmental parameters measured in the field to characterize stream reaches in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2011.
Quantitative or Visual Estimate or Variable Categorical Measured Variable Reach length (m) Q M Valley type C V Channel unit gradient (%) Q M Wetted width (m) Q M Bankfull width (m) Q M Bankfull height (m) Q M Mean water depth (cm) Q M Rapids (% of reach length) Q M Riffles (% of reach length) Q M Glides (% of reach length) Q M Pools (% of reach length) Q M Substrate composition Q M Substrate embeddedness (%) Q M Large wood tally Q M Overhead canopy cover (%) Q M Reach embeddedness (%) Q V Eroding banks (%) Q V Undercut banks (%) Q V Mean riparian buffer width (m) Q V Riparian zone tree cover (%) Q V Non-native riparian vegetation cover (%) Q V Dominant adjacent land use C V Water temperature (°C) Q M pH (pH units) Q M Specific conductance (μS/cm) Q M Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) Q M
City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study 4 Methods definitions were adapted from the Oregon banks, combined) were each visually estimated. Department of Fish and Wildlife’s (ODFW) Water surface slope of each unit was measured Methods for Stream Habitat Surveys (2002) and with a clinometer. Additionally, all woody debris Armantrout (1998) and used for this study: measuring at least 15 cm in diameter and 2 m in Pool: Water surface slope is usually zero. length was tallied for each unit and the Pools are normally deeper and wider than configuration, type, location, and size of root wads aquatic habitats immediately upstream and and pieces of wood were noted. Overhead cover downstream. was measured with a spherical densiometer in four directions (upstream, downstream, right, and left) Glide: There is a general lack of consensus from the center of the stream at evenly spaced of the definition of glides (Hawkins et al. intervals along the length of the reach. Habitat 1993). For the purposes of this study, a features such as beaver activity, culverts, and glide was defined as an area with generally potential fish passage barriers were noted by uniform depth and flow with no surface habitat unit. turbulence. Glides have a low-gradient water surface profile of 0–1% slope. Cross-section Surveys Glides may have some small scour areas Channel dimensions were measured at three but are distinguished from pools by their transects occurring within each sample reach. The overall homogeneity and lack of structure. three habitat units were selected according to the Glides are generally deeper than riffles following guidelines: with few major flow obstructions. 1. Three separate riffles were sampled if Riffle: Fast, turbulent, shallow flow over three or more riffles occurred in the submerged or partially submerged gravel reach. and cobble substrates. Riffles generally 2. If two riffles occurred in the reach, both have a broad, uniform cross section and a riffles and a representative glide or pool low-to-moderate water surface gradient, (least preferred) were sampled. If riffles usually 0.5–2.0% slope and rarely up to were of sufficient length (i.e. 10% of the 6%. reach length) then more than one set of Rapids: Swift, turbulent flow including cross-section measurements were made chutes and some hydraulic jumps swirling in the riffle to ensure that all around boulders. Rapids often contain measurements were taken from this exposed substrate features composed of habitat type. individual bedrock or boulders, boulder 3. If only one riffle occurred within the clusters, and partial bars. Rapids are reach, two additional units that moderately high gradient habitat, usually represented channel dimensions and 2.0–4.0% slope and occasionally substrate composition were sampled. If 7.0–8.0%. Rapids also include swift, the riffle was longer than 20 m, then all turbulent, “sheeting” flow over smooth three sets of measurements were taken bedrock. from the riffle. The following attributes were then measured 4. If no riffles occurred in the reach, three or visually estimated in each channel unit. units that were representative of the Substrate composition was visually estimated in channel dimensions and substrate each unit using substrate size classes adapted from composition occurring within the reach the United States Environmental Protection were sampled. Agency’s (USEPA) Environmental Monitoring & At each of the three channel cross sections, Assessment Protocols (EMAP) protocols for wetted width (WW), bankfull width (BFW), wadeable streams (USEPA 2000). Percent actively maximum bankfull height (BFHmax), the bankfull eroding banks and percent undercut banks (both height at 25%, 50%, and 75% across the distance
5 City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study Methods of the bankfull channel, and the flood-prone width observable extent of the river form the (FPW) were measured with a tape measure and macroinvertebrate sampling location. A standard survey rod. From these channel-dimension data, Rapid Habitat Assessment Form was used for this width-to-depth and channel-entrenchment ratios assessment (USEPA 2000). were later calculated. Water depths were recorded at 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% across the width WATER CHEMISTRY SAMPLING of the wetted channel. Maximum bank height (left Water chemistry parameters including and right) and bank angles were visually estimated. temperature (°C), dissolved oxygen saturation Pebble counts were performed in riffles when (percent), dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/L), they represented an adequate amount of the stream conductivity (µS/cm), specific conductance channel area to allow measurement of at least 100 (µS/cm), and pH (pH units) were measured at each substrate particles along transects. If riffles reach. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, occupied less than 10% of the total habitat area in conductivity, and specific conductance were the reach (e.g., if macroinvertebrate samples were measured in situ with a multi-parameter YSI collected from glides), then pebble counts occurred Model 85 water chemistry meter. The pH was in glides. Pebble counts were performed using the measured streamside with an Oakton pH Testr 3, “heel-to-toe” method, starting at the bankfull edge hand-held pH meter. Water chemistry equipment on one side of the channel and walking heel-to-toe was calibrated on a daily basis. to the other edge (USEPA 2000). With each step, the surveyor looked away and touched the MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY streambed at the tip of their toe. The size class and ASSESSMENT embeddedness of each piece of streambed substrate FIELD SAMPLING was estimated until at least 100 particles were Macroinvertebrates were collected using the counted. Oregon Department of Environmental Quality’s Riparian Surveys (DEQ) Benthic Macroinvertebrate Protocol for Adjacent riparian conditions were Wadeable Rivers and Streams (DEQ 2003). An characterized beyond the left and right banks 8-kick composite sample was collected from riffles separately and according to a number of attributes. in reaches that had sufficient riffle habitat; glides The dominant plant community type(s) (riparian were sampled reaches that lacked riffle habitat. forest, willow shrub-scrub, upland forest, etc.) Instream sampling points were selected to occurring in the riparian zone to the edge of apportion the eight kick samples among as many as human-dominated activity was classified and four habitat units. Macroinvertebrates were collected with a D-frame kicknet (30 cm wide, 500 recorded and the approximate width of each of µm mesh opening) from a 30 x 30 cm (1 x 1 ft) these community types was visually estimated. The area at each sampling point. Larger pieces of percent vegetative cover of the canopy layer (>5 m substrate, when encountered, were first hand- high), shrub layer (0.5 to 5 m high), and washed inside the net, and then placed outside of groundcover layer (<0.5 m high) was estimated, as the sampled area. Then the area was thoroughly well as the percent cover of invasive or non-native disturbed by hand (or by foot in deeper water) to a species as a single estimate across all three depth of ~10 cm. vegetative layers. The dominant adjacent land use The eight samples from the reach were outside of the vegetated riparian buffer was noted, composited and carefully washed through a 500 and then a cross-sectional diagram of the riparian µm sieve to strain fine sediment and hand zone was sketched. remove larger substrate and leaves after inspection RIVER REACHES for clinging macroinvertebrates. The composite Habitat surveys of the Willamette River were sample was placed into one or more 1-L limited to a visual habitat assessment of the polyethylene wide-mouth bottles, labeled, and
City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study 6 Methods preserved with 80% denatured ethanol for later Utah State University (Hawkins et al. 2000). sorting and identification at the laboratory. PREDATOR is a predictive model that evaluates macroinvertebrate community conditions based on SAMPLE SORTING AND a comparison of observed (O) to expected (E) taxa. MACROINVERTEBRATE IDENTIFICATION The observed taxa are those that occurred within Samples were sorted to remove a 500- the reach, whereas the expected taxa are those organism subsample from each preserved sample predicted to occur within the reach in the absence following the procedures described in the DEQ of disturbance. PREDATOR is now widely used Level 3 protocols (Water Quality Interagency for determining biological conditions of Oregon’s Workgroup [WQIW], 1999) and using a Caton rivers and streams. Three regional PREDATOR gridded tray, as described by Caton (1991). models are currently in use in Oregon; one of these Contents of the sample were first emptied onto the three models—the Marine Western Coastal Forest gridded tray and then floated with water to evenly (MWCF) Predictive Model—encompasses the distribute the sample material across the tray. Willamette Valley and Coast Range ecoregions Squares of material from the 30-square gridded (Hubler 2008). Currently, the MWCF model has tray were transferred to a Petri dish, which was limited applicability to low-gradient, Willamette examined under a dissecting microscope at 7–10X Valley floor streams because an adequate number magnification to sort aquatic macroinvertebrates of suitable reference locations have not been from the sample matrix. Macroinvertebrates were identified for streams of this type. A study removed from each sample until at least 500 completed by ABR for Clean Water Services organisms were counted, or until the entire sample (Hillsboro, Oregon) suggests that the current had been sorted. MWCF model and its condition thresholds may Following sample sorting, all macro- under-classify biological conditions in low- invertebrates were identified to the level of gradient streams in the Willamette Valley (Cole taxonomic resolution recommended for Level 3 2008). As a result, MWCF model scores were not macroinvertebrate assessments (WQIW 1999). assigned biological condition classes in this study. Aquatic insects were keyed using Merritt, Rather, conditions at the stream test reaches were Cummins, and Berg (2008), Wiggins (1995), evaluated relative to the O/E score derived from Stewart and Stark (2002), and a number of regional the Middle Fork Spencer Creek reference reach. and taxa-specific keys. To support the PREDATOR analysis, a set of community metrics was also calculated; each QUALITY ASSURANCE metric describes an attribute of the macro- Following Level 3 protocols (WQIW 1999) invertebrate community that is known to be duplicate composite samples were collected responsive to one or more types of pollution or at two reaches including a riffle sample at the habitat degradation. For this study we selected Middle Fork Spencer Creek reference reach metrics from the DEQ metric set that is used to (MFSC1008-001) and a riffle sample at the evaluate macroinvertebrate community conditions Willamette River reach downstream of from riffle habitats in western Oregon streams. Knickerbocker Bridge (COEWRDWKB2011-02). Because this study was limited to sampling from These duplicate samples were compared to the glides from most reaches, and community original samples to assess within-reach sample composition is known to be different between the variability attributable to both sampling error and two habitat types, the metric set was modified spatial variability within the reach. by aggregating the metrics, “number of DATA ANALYSIS Ephemeroptera (E) taxa”, “number of Plecoptera (P) taxa”, and “number of Trichoptera (T) taxa”, Stream Reaches and Delta Ponds into one metric, “Number of EPT taxa.” The Macroinvertebrate taxonomic data were resulting metric set included three positive metrics analyzed using the PREDATOR (PREDictive that score higher with improved biological Assessment Tool for ORegon) model, developed conditions and four negative metrics that score by DEQ staff (Hubler 2008) and researchers at lower with improved conditions. One of the
7 City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study Methods metrics, the Modified Hilsenhoff Biotic Index metrics are then summed to produce a single (HBI), originally developed by Hilsenhoff (1982), multimetric score that is an index of overall computes an index to organic enrichment pollution biological integrity. Reference condition data are based on the relative abundance of various taxa at a required to develop and use this type of assessment site. Values of the index range from 1 to 10; higher tool. Metric sets and standardized metric scoring scores are interpreted as an indication of a more criteria are developed and calibrated for specific pollution tolerant macroinvertebrate community. community types, based on both geographic Sensitive taxa are those that are intolerant of warm location and stream/habitat type. The DEQ has water temperatures, high sediment loads, and developed and currently employs a 10-metric set organic enrichment; tolerant taxa are adapted to for use with riffle samples from higher-gradient persist under such conditions. We used the DEQ streams in western Oregon (WQIW 1999). macroinvertebrate attribute coding system to The DEQ 10-metric set includes six positive assign these classifications to taxa in the data set metrics that score higher with better biological (DEQ, unpublished information). conditions, and four negative metrics that score lower with improved conditions (Table 3). Metric River Reaches values first were calculated for each riffle sample Both multimetric and PREDATOR analyses and then were converted to standardized scores were used to evaluate glide and riffle sample data using DEQ scoring criteria for riffle samples from collected from the river reaches. Multimetric western Oregon streams (Table 3). The analysis employs a set of metrics each of which standardized scores were summed to produce a describes an attribute of the macroinvertebrate multimetric score ranging between 10 and 50. community that is known to be responsive to one Reaches were then assigned a level of impairment or more types of pollution or habitat degradation. based on these total scores (Table 4). Each community metric is converted to a The PREDATOR analysis was performed for standardized score; standardized scores of all the river reaches as described above. The current
Table 3. Metric set and scoring criteria (WQIW 1999) used to assess condition of macroinvertebrate communities in river reaches within the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2011. Scoring Criteria
Metric 5 (good) 3 (fair) 1 (poor) POSITIVE METRICS Taxa Richness >35 1935 <19 Mayfly Richness >8 48 <4 Stonefly Richness >5 35 <3 Caddisfly Richness >8 48 <4 Number Sensitive Taxa >4 24 <2 Number Sediment Sensitive Taxa 12 1 0 NEGATIVE METRICS Modified HBI1 <4.0 4.05.0 >5.0 % Tolerant Taxa <15 1545 >45 % Sediment Tolerant Taxa <10 1025 >25 % Dominant <20 2040 >40
1 Modified HBI = Modified Hilsenhoff Biotic Index
City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study 8 Results
Table 4. Multimetric score ranges for assignment of macroinvertebrate community condition levels (WQIW 1999).
Level of Impairment Score Range (scale of 10 - 50) None >39 Slight 30–39 Moderate 20–29 Severe <20
MWCF model also has limited applicability to the comprised of coarse substrate. At 10.4%, substrate mainstem of the Willamette River. Accordingly, embeddedness at the reference reach was condition classes were not assigned to Willamette considerably lower than in the test reaches River reaches based on O/E scores. Rather, these (Measured in riffles; Table 5). scores should be used to help establish a baseline Mean riparian buffer width at the six test of biological condition, against which future data reaches averaged 6 m and ranged between 4 m and can be compared. 8 m (Table 5). The reference reach, occurring within a relatively undeveloped area, supported a RESULTS forested riparian buffer width of 50 m on average ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS with an adjacent stand of upland forest on both banks. The A3 Channel, Amazon Diversion STREAM REACHES Channel, and lower Amazon Creek had low Channel gradient in the stream reaches overhead canopy cover ranging from 0% to 11%. averaged 0.4% and ranged from 0.1 to 1.0% (Table Trees, when present along the reaches, were less 5). These low-gradient reaches were generally than 5 m tall and occupied the shrub layer. No trees dominated by slow moving glide and pool habitat; were present in the canopy layer (> 5 m tall). In riffles were infrequent or absent. The average contrast, overhead canopy cover averaged 94% wetted width of Amazon Creek ranged from 1.4 m and ranged from 87% to 99% in the middle in the upper reach (OLT03479-217) to 7.8 m in the (OLT03479-041) and upper (OLT03479-217) lower reach (OLT03479-061). The A3 Channel reaches of Amazon Creek, the Spring Creek (OLT03479-082) and Amazon Diversion Channel (OLT03479-018) had wetted widths of 9.1 m and reach, and the Middle Fork Spencer Creek 13.4 m respectively (Table 5). Substrate in these reference reach. Tree cover in the riparian zones reaches was predominately comprised of fine of these reaches averaged 79% and ranged from sediments including clay, silt, or sand. Substrate 60% to 95%. Instream wood (sufficiently large to embeddedness averaged 91.3% and ranged from meet sampling criteria: 15 cm in diameter and 2 m 66.2 to 100.0%. in length) was absent from five of the six test Instream physical habitat conditions in the reaches, whereas a low density of instream wood Middle Fork Spencer Creek reference reach were occurred in the Spring Creek and reference notably different from those at the six test reaches. reaches. The stream gradient in the Spencer Creek reach Dissolved oxygen concentrations were low was 1.4%, and the reach supported a more even (less than 5.85 mg/L) in four of the six test distribution of fast (riffle and rapid) and slow (pool reaches (Table 5). Similar to 2008, the Middle and glide) habitat types (Table 5). Riffles and Fork Spencer Creek reference reach and the rapids represented 39.3% of the total reach length. middle Amazon Creek study reach Stream substrate in the reference reach consisted of (OLT03479-041) had significantly higher a more heterogeneous mixture of small and large dissolved oxygen concentrations at 6.88 and substrate sizes; riffles were predominately 7.32 mg/L, respectively.
9 City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study Results
Table 5. Environmental conditions of survey stream reaches from which macroinvertebrates were sampled in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2011. Reference Delta Test Reaches (n= 6) Reach Ponds Environmental Variable Mean Min Max Value Value Channel gradient (%) 0.4 0.1 1.0 1.4 0.0 Wetted width (m) 6.4 1.4 13.4 1.6 20.0 Bankfull width (m) 8.6 1.7 16.9 3.4 32.4 Embeddedness (%) 89 78 100 54 100 Eroding banks (%) 4 0 9 15 0 Undercut banks (%) 3 0 15 17 0 Overhead canopy cover (%) 49 0 98 99 19 Percent rapids 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.9 0.0 Percent riffles 3.1 0.0 14.4 23.6 0.0 Percent glides/runs 78.0 27.1 100.0 56.5 61.4 Percent pools 13.7 0.0 72.9 19.9 38.6 Percent other (bridge) 5.3 0.0 26.7 0.0 0.0 Percent coarse substrate 21.2 0.0 35.0 100.0 0.0 Percent sand and fines 76.7 63.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 Percent hardpan 0.8 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 Pebble Count Embeddedness (%) 91.3 66.2 100.0 10.4 100.0 Mean riparian buffer width (m) 6 4 8 50 28 Tree cover in riparian zone (%) 37 0 85 95 78 Riparian non-native vegetation cover (%) 56 20 80 10 20 Water temperature (oC) 13.0 11.9 14.5 11.2 15.8 Dissolved oxygen saturation (%) 44.7 31.0 65.9 66.4 38.3 Dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/L) 4.75 3.02 6.88 7.32 3.81 Conductivity (μS/cm) 135.5 77.0 189.0 69.4 144.3 Specific Conductance (μS/cm) 176.0 99.1 245.2 94.4 175.5 pH (pH units) 7.38 6.58 7.94 7.40 7.26
DELTA PONDS RIVER REACHES The Delta Ponds reach extended 420 m from Total scores from the qualitative habitat the confluence with the Willamette River to assessment of river reaches ranged from 130 to 160 immediately downstream of the Beltline Highway. (average: 143; Table 6). The Willamette River The reach had a low channel gradient and was reach upstream of the UGB (COECFWR2011-01) comprised exclusively of slow water habitat units had a total score of 148, while total scores for (pools: 38.6% and glides: 61.4%; Table 5). reaches in the mainstem of the Willamette River Substrate within the reach was comprised decreased from upstream (160) to downstream exclusively of sand and other fine sediments. (130). The Willamette River reach at Wetted width averaged 20.0 m, and bankfull width Knickerbocker Bridge (COEWRDWKB2011-02) averaged 32.4 m. A narrow riparian area was had the highest total score (160). Most habitat present on both banks, but overhead canopy cover parameters were classified in the optimal condition category. Vegetation protection on both banks was was low (19%) due to the width of the channel. sub-optimal; although well vegetated, non-native The water temperature was high relative to the species including reed canary grass and Himalayan other stream reaches (15.8°C), while the dissolved blackberry were present. The riparian vegetative oxygen saturation was relatively low (38.3%) zone width was marginal on the left bank (width
City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study 10 Results
Table 6. Habitat parameter scores of Willamette River reaches from which macroinvertebrates were sampled in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2011.
Habitat Parameter Upstream of UGB Upstream Bridge At Knickerbocker Bridge At Owosso Downstream of RandyBridge Papé Epifaunal Substrate/Available Cover 11 14 13 13 Embeddedness 16 16 18 18 Velocity/Depth Regime 13 19 9 16 Sediment Deposition 16 14 13 13 Channel Flow Status 19 18 19 18 Channel Alteration 18 16 15 8 Frequency of Riffles (or bends) 8 17 17 7 Bank Stability Left Bank 7 9 6 9 Right Bank 9 9 8 7 Vegetation Protection Left Bank 6 7 4 5 Right Bank 9 7 5 5 Riparian Vegetative Zone Width Left Bank 7 5 4 4 Right Bank 9 9 4 7 Total Score 148 160 135 130
less than 12 m). Large woody debris in the form of the Willamette River reach upstream of the UGB snags and submerged logs was also lacking. In (Table 7). comparison, the Willamette River reach downstream of Randy Papé Bridge received the MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY lowest total score (130). The river in this reach is CONDITIONS channelized with a narrow riparian buffer on both banks. STREAM REACHES Based on a qualitative visual assessment, O/E scores from the six test reaches sampled cobble was the dominant substrate and in 2011 ranged from 0.097 to 0.195 (average score embeddedness was low in the areas within the river = 0.162; Table 8), indicative of degraded benthic reaches where macroinvertebrates were sampled. macroinvertebrate community conditions. In 2008, Dissolved oxygen concentration within the four O/E scores from the test reaches averaged 0.234 reaches was high, ranging from 86.7% to 93.5% and ranged from 0.195 to 0.292. O/E scores (Table 7). Water temperature varied among the four decreased marginally from 2008 to 2011 in all reaches ranging from 14.0 o C in the Willamette five reaches that were sampled in both years River reach at Knickerbocker Bridge to 18.1o C in (Table 8). Individual community metric values also
11 City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study Results
Table 7. Water quality of Willamette River reaches from which macroinvertebrates were sampled in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2011.
Parameter Upstream of UGB Upstream Bridge At Knickerbocker Bridge At Owosso Downstream of RandyBridge Papé Water temperature (o C) 18.1 14.0 15.4 15.0 Dissolved oxygen saturation (%) 91.3 86.7 93.5 88.8 Dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/L) 8.65 8.89 9.30 8.84 Conductivity (μS/cm) 51.7 40.7 41.9 42.2 Specific Conductance (μS/cm) 59.6 51.4 51.3 52.3 pH (pH units) 7.75 7.40 8.09 7.50 Time of measurement 13:05 7:55 15:39 7:55
Table 8. Marine Western Coastal Forest (MWCF) O/E scores for macroinvertebrate communities sampled from eight stream reaches in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2008 and 2011. O/E Score Reach Habitat Duplicate Stream Location Type Sampled Sample 2008 2011 A3 Channel Near Terry Street Test GL No 0.292 0.195 Amazon Creek Near Royal Avenue Test GL No 0.244 0.195 Amazon Creek Near Garfield Street Test GL No 0.195 0.097 Amazon Creek Near 31st Avenue Test GL No 0.243 0.146 Amazon Creek Near Kinney Park Test GL No 0.194 0.146 Spring Creek At Awbrey Park Test GL No NS 0.195
Middle Fork Spencer Creek Near Lorane Highway Reference GL No 0.487 0.780 Middle Fork Spencer Creek Near Lorane Highway Reference RI No NS 0.585 Middle Fork Spencer Creek Near Lorane Highway Reference RI Yes NS 0.585
Delta Ponds Upstream of confluence Other GL/PL No NS 0.292 with Willamette River
City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study 12 Discussion suggest that benthic macroinvertebrate community observed within the reach (Table 9). EPT taxa were condition is degraded within the test reaches (Table not present in the Delta Ponds sample. The 9). Total taxa richness was low, ranging from 12 to majority of the organisms observed in the reach 17 taxa across the six test reaches. Sediment- belong to the Family Chironomidae (non-biting tolerant and disturbance-tolerant taxa were midges; 64.9%). A relatively high dominance by relatively common across all six test reaches, two taxa within the Family Chironomidae, comprising an average of 55.0% and 59.1% of the Tanytarsini and Chironomini, was also observed sampled organisms, respectively. Conversely, (Dominance-2 taxa: 49.4%). The percentage of mayfly, stonefly, and caddisfly (EPT) taxa, sediment-tolerant and disturbance-tolerant generally regarded as the most sensitive of the organisms was relatively low and represented 7.0% macroinvertebrate orders, were absent in five of and 17.1% of the benthic community sampled in the six test reaches. Test reach communities were Delta Ponds. generally imbalanced with a relatively high RIVER REACHES dominance by two taxa, ranging from 45.5 to 91.0% (72.1% on average), further indicating O/E scores from the four river reaches were environmental stress imparted on the community. similar and ranged from 0.535 to 0.585 (average Dominant taxa in the test reaches were represented score = 0.572), indicating disturbed benthic by generally tolerant organisms, including macroinvertebrate community conditions (Table Oligochaeta and Chironomidae. HBI scores were 10). Individual community metric values also high among test reaches, ranging from 6.0 to 6.4. suggested that benthic macroinvertebrate High HBI scores further reflect the numeric communities within the river reaches have been dominance by tolerant organisms occurring across disturbed to some degree (Table 11). Total taxa all test reaches (Table 9). richness was relatively high, ranging from 24 to 33 Benthic community attributes were notably taxa across the four river reaches (Table 11). The different in the Middle Fork Spencer Creek number of total taxa and the number of EPT taxa reference reach. The glide sample collected from increased from the reach furthest upstream on the the reference reach in 2011 received an O/E score river (Willamette River upstream of the UGB; of 0.780, a notable increase from the 2008 O/E COECFWR2011-01) to the reach furthest score of 0.487. The 2011 riffle sample received an downstream on the Willamette River (Downstream O/E score of 0.585 (Table 8). Total taxa richness of Randy Papé Bridge; COEWRDSBB2011-04; from the glide sample increased from 22 to taxa in Table 11). One sensitive taxon, the mayfly Epeorus 2008 to 29 taxa in 2011. Similarly, EPT richness grandis, was observed at the Willamette River from the glide sample increased from 8 taxa in reach upstream of the UGB (COECFWR2011-01); 2008 to 12 taxa in 2011 (Table 9). Sediment- no other sensitive species were observed. The tolerant and disturbance-tolerant organisms percentage of sediment-tolerant and disturbance- represented 16.6% and 20.1% of the benthic tolerant taxa was relatively low across the four community sampled in glides from Middle Fork river reaches, comprising an average of 19.6 and Spencer Creek. Significantly more sediment- 28.8% of the sampled organisms, respectively. tolerant and disturbance-tolerant organisms Multimetric scores from the four river reaches were observed in the riffle sample (50.1% and ranged from 24 to 30 (average score = 27) 50.7% respectively). One sensitive taxon was indicating the macroinvertebrate communities observed in the riffle sample, Glutops (Diptera: within these reaches are moderately to slightly Pelecorhynchidae), while an immature Capniidae impaired (Table 12). stonefly was sampled from glides in the reference reach. DISCUSSION DELTA PONDS Streams within the City of Eugene continue to The sample collected from glides and pools in support degraded macroinvertebrate communities the Delta Ponds reach received an O/E score of as evaluated by both the MWCF predictive model 0.282 (Table 8). Seventeen total taxa were and a number of individual community metrics.
13 City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study
Discussion
% Dominance (2 taxa) taxa) (2 Dominance %
study area, taxa Sensitive #
% Sedimen % -Tolerant organisms organisms -Tolerant t
% Tolerant organisms organisms Tolerant %
HBI HBI EPT Richness Richness EPT
t stream reaches in the City of Eugene Total Richness Richness Total Year 2008 16 0 6.7 61.1 56.0 0 52.6 0 56.0 61.1 16 0 6.7 2008 2008 13 3 6.0 43.2 35.6 0 62.6 0 35.6 43.2 13 3 6.0 2008 2008 14 0 6.0 72.6 71.2 0 86.9 0 71.2 72.6 14 0 6.0 2008 No 2008 17 3 6.5 71.3 66.2 0 64.4 0 66.2 71.3 17 3 6.5 No 2008 Sample Sample Duplicate Habitat Sampled ence RI Yes 2011 27 13 4.8 32.9 32.7 1 45.1 32.7 1 ence RI 32.9 13 27 4.8 2011 Yes erence GL 22 No 2008 23.3 8 2 33.1 24.5 4.8 Type Type Other GL/PL 17 49.4 17.1 7.0 0 0 No 2011 6.2 Reach croinvertebrate communities sampled from eigh ane Highway Reference RI No 2011 30 14 5.2 50.7 50.1 1 62.1 confluence with confluence Willamette River Oregon, fall 2008 and and 2011. Oregon, fall 2008 Stream Site Code Code Stream Site A3 Channel Near Terry Street Test GL No GL No 2011 13 0 6.0 92.5 84.8 0 91.0 74.2 88.3 67.9 0 45.5 0 0 0 84.8 0 64.9 82.3 46.6 92.5 28.9 72.3 83.2 48.8 6.0 32.3 6.2 6.0 6.4 0 6.0 4 0 0 13 0 16 12 13 2011 15 2011 2011 2011 No 2011 No No GL No GL No GL GL Creek Amazon GL Creek Amazon Amazon Creek Near Royal Avenue Creek Amazon Street Near Garfield Test 31stAvenue Near Spring Creek Test GL Middle ForkSpencer Creek Park Near Kinney GL Highway Near Lorane No Test Ref No GL At Awbrey Park Test No GL Test 2008 13 GL 1 No 6.4 59.5 2011 59.5 17 0 0 76.8 6.0 25.4 22.5 0 65.7 GL No 2011 29 12 5.5 20.1 16.6 1 49.6 1 16.6 20.1 5.5 12 29 2011 No GL Middle ForkSpencer Creek Near Lor Middle ForkSpencer Creek NearHighway Lorane Delta Ponds Refer of Upstream Table 9.Table metrics for ma community Individual
City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study 14 Discussion
Table 10. Marine Western Coastal Forest (MWCF) O/E scores for macroinvertebrate communities sampled from four river reaches in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2011. Habitat Duplicate Stream Location Sampled Sample 2011 Willamette River Upstream of Urban Growth Boundary RI No 0.535 Willamette River At Knickerbocker Bridge RI No 0.584 Willamette River At Knickerbocker Bridge RI Yes 0.632 Willamette River At Owosso Bridge RI No 0.585 Willamette River Downstream of Randy Papé Bridge GL No 0.585
Similar to 2008, all of the test reaches would have macroinvertebrate collection protocols are received the lowest classification of severely followed to help ensure representative samples are disturbed had impairment classes been assigned to collected from stream reaches. However, if the reaches based on O/E scores. We hesitate to macroinvertebrate taxa occur in either low assign impairment classes to these stream reaches abundance or are not evenly distributed throughout as the predictive model was developed using data the reach, the results of the data analysis may be collected from higher gradient stream reaches that artificially biased due to the difficulty associated likely support macroinvertebrate communities that with collecting a representative sample. differ from those occurring in low gradient While the O/E scores in the test reaches streams, even under natural conditions. As noted declined from 2008 to 2011, the O/E score for previously, glide samples were collected within the glides increased during the same time period in the test reaches due to the lack of riffle habitat in these reference reach. The glide sample collected from low-gradient streams. However, the low O/E scores the reference reach in 2008 received an O/E score associated with the test reaches do indicate that of 0.487, while a similar sample received an O/E macroinvertebrate community condition has been score of 0.780 in 2011. A duplicate sample affected by degraded physical habitat conditions collected from glides in 2008 also received an O/E and/or impaired water quality conditions. The score of 0.487. Ten of the 27 taxa expected to occur macroinvertebrate communities in the test reaches within this reach (based on the MWCF predictive largely comprise organisms that are able to model) were observed in 2008. In 2011, six tolerate elevated sediment loads, increased water additional expected taxa were observed. These taxa temperatures, periods of sustained high or low included four EPT taxa: mayflies of the genus flows, and other perturbations. Baetis, stoneflies of the genus Sweltsa and Zapada, Based on O/E scores, macroinvertebrate and caddisflies of the genus Hydropsyche; as well community conditions measured in the test reaches as dipterans of the genus Dixa and beetles of the in 2008 were similar to those measured in 2011. Although O/E scores decreased from 2008 to 2011 genus Zaitzevia. Abundance of these EPT taxa was in all five reaches that were sampled in both years, low in 2011, with only 1 or 2 individuals observed: multiple years of data are needed to determine Baetis (1), Sweltsa (2), Zapada (1), and whether or not macroinvertebrate community Hydropsyche (1). These low abundances may conditions are being further degraded. The small explain the apparent absence of these taxa from the differences observed in O/E scores may be samples collected in 2008. Multiple years of data attributed to interannual variation in instream will be necessary to determine whether community conditions. Interannual fluctuations in water conditions in the reference reach are improving or temperature and/or flow regime due to local if the increase in O/E scores is primarily rainfall can influence macroinvertebrate attributable to an inability to detect some taxa community composition. Standardized benthic owing to low abundances.
15 City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study
Discussion
area, taxa) (2 Dominance %
# Sensitive taxa taxa Sensitive #
% Sedimen % -Tolerant organisms organisms -Tolerant t % Tolerant organisms organisms Tolerant %
in the City of Eugene study the in
HBI HBI
EPT Richness Richness EPT Total Richness Richness Total Sample Sample ities sampled from river reaches sampled from ities Duplicate Habitat Sampled Sampled croinvertebrate commun croinvertebrate Oregon, fall 2011. fall Oregon, Stream Stream RiverWillamette Growth Boundary Urban of Upstream RiverWillamette At Knickerbocker Bridge Location RiverWillamette RI At Knickerbocker Bridge RiverWillamette At Owosso Bridge RiverWillamette Bridge of Randy Papé Downstream No RI 24 GL RI 10 No No 5.5 Yes 13.0 RI 26 33 9.5 31 13 19 No 1 17 5.6 56.1 4.7 4.7 26.9 36.4 31 40.1 25.5 20.6 15 22.0 0 0 4.8 0 26.0 25.8 39.1 19.3 22.7 0 27.9 Table 11.Table community metrics for Individual ma
City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study 16 Discussion
Table 12. Multimetric scores and corresponding impairment classes [severe (<20), moderate (20–30), slight (30–39), and none (<39)] for macroinvertebrate communities sampled from four river reaches in the City of Eugene study area, Oregon, fall 2011.
Habitat Impairment Stream Location Sampled Duplicate Score Classification Willamette River Upstream of Urban Growth Boundary RI No 24 Moderate Willamette River At Knickerbocker Bridge RI No 24 Moderate Willamette River At Knickerbocker Bridge RI Yes 30 Slight Willamette River At Owosso Bridge RI No 28 Moderate Willamette River Downstream of Randy Papé Bridge GL No 30 Slight
While certain aspects of the Middle Fork of presented earlier that current test reach conditions Spencer Creek (close proximity and similar should not be quantified relative to a standard or drainage size to Amazon Creek) lend well to using benchmark derived from existing assessment tools. the creek as a reference location for the upper While the exceedingly low O/E scores at test reaches of Amazon Creek, certain physical habitat reaches provide compelling evidence that benthic features of this reference reach are notably community conditions are degraded, it is beyond different from those of test reaches occurring in the the capacity of existing assessment tools and lower and middle portions of the Amazon Creek models to quantify the degree to which degradation basin. Notable differences include a higher has occurred. stream channel gradient, which results in a Benthic macroinvertebrate samples were also higher percentage of coarse substrate, lower collected from three reaches on the Willamette embeddedness, and a more even distribution of River and one reach within the Coast Fork of the slow-water and fast-water habitat units. While Willamette River (Willamette River upstream of these habitat differences between the reference the UCB) in 2011 to further characterize existing reach and test reaches may be exacerbated by biological conditions. While O/E scores from three intensified land use in the Amazon Creek basin, of these reaches indicate that macroinvertebrate natural differences in these conditions between the communities are heavily disturbed, multimetric reference reach and lower/middle test reaches have scores and the corresponding impairment classes likely always occurred. As such, comparisons suggest only moderate to slight disturbance. The between these reaches should be made with disparity between these findings results from the consideration to the likelihood that benthic inability of the MWCF model to accurately predict community conditions would naturally differ the invertebrate fauna in a large river such as the between the two stream types. Willamette. The macroinvertebrate community in a In order to better compare conditions between river as large as the Willamette would be expected test reaches and the reference reach, glide habitat to naturally differ from those found in smaller was sampled in the Middle Fork of Spencer rivers and streams. In developing the predictive Creek, although riffle habitat was abundantly model, data from least-disturbed reference sites are available. While this may improve the accuracy of used. Because there are no large rivers that occur in comparisons with the lower-gradient Amazon a relatively undisturbed condition that would be Creek sites, these comparisons remain tenuous suitable for inclusion in the predictive model because we do not know how well benthic building process, the model does not accurately assemblages in glide habitat from higher-gradient predict what taxa would be expected to occur in the streams represent those from lower-gradient Willamette River in the absence of disturbance. streams. These potential differences between the Consequently, the O/E scores for the Willamette reference and test reaches reinforce the notion River are biased low and should only be used as
17 City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study Recommendations Summary one of several tools for evaluating benthic protection are among the most beneficial stream community conditions and trends in these restoration approaches available. Because riparian conditions in the Willamette River. zones provide a number of important functions, While the MWCF model relies on the including sediment and pollutant retention, accuracy of taxon-specific predictions to produce shading, food sources, bank stability, and large accurate results, the western Oregon multimetric wood inputs, streams and the biological set uses only general measures of richness and communities they support derive many benefits relative abundance of organisms grouped at higher from these areas. taxonomic levels (e.g., order) or by tolerance or Amazon Creek benthic communities, like intolerance to perturbations. Therefore, the those in many urban streams, also stand to benefit multimetric set has a wider applicability to stream from improved stormwater management. One of and river types that are not represented by the the primary goals of the Amazon Creek MWCF predictive model. Accordingly, we macroinvertebrate monitoring program is to assess recommend that future monitoring include the use the effects of stormwater runoff on the biology of of both tools, and we dissuade the assignment of Amazon Creek. These data serve as a baseline MWCF model condition classes to Willamette against which to evaluate improvements to the River samples. Amazon Creek macroinvertebrate community in A duplicate sample was collected from riffles response to the City of Eugene’s efforts to curtail in the Willamette River reach at Knickerbocker stormwater runoff into receiving waters and Bridge (COEWRDWKB2011-02) to assess improve the quality of stormwater runoff entering within-reach variability. The duplicate sample Amazon Creek. Continued monitoring of these received higher O/E (0.632) and multimetric (30) resources should serve as an effective measure of scores when compared to the original sample (O/E the long-term success of these efforts. score = 0.584; multimetric score = 24). Both O/E scores would have received an impairment RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY classification of “most disturbed” had they been Careful consideration should be given to assigned. However, the multimetric scores resulted selection of additional reference sites to better in different corresponding impairment characterize least-disturbed conditions in the range classifications: the original sample indicated of stream types occurring in the study area. This biological conditions were moderately disturbed will help better establish an expected (i.e., best while the duplicate sample indicated biological attainable) condition for the test reaches. Other conditions were slightly disturbed. Results of recommendations include: duplicate sampling throughout the Willamette River basin over the last 10 years suggest that • Continued use of standard sampling and duplicate samples rarely deviate from each other taxonomic protocols, as well as continued by more than 4 multimetric points. This deviation assessment using PREDATOR model is only slightly larger, but suggests that intra-site scores and the suite of metrics used in this variability within the Willamette River may be report. Until new tools are developed, higher than in smaller wadeable streams. Future trends in macroinvertebrate community sampling should include the collection of duplicate conditions can best be assessed by examin- samples from the Willamette River to determine ing trends in the individual metrics that whether intra-site variability remains in this range. were used in this study. The mainstem Wil- This is an important consideration for trend lamette River can be assessed using both monitoring because this un-accounted-for the PREDATOR model scores and the variability will impair the ability to detect real multimetric analysis scores. changes in biological conditions when they occur. • Continue to collect duplicate samples at a Recovery of macroinvertebrate communities Willamette River sample site to determine is dependent on identifying and improving stream intra-site variability to assess the potential conditions and functions that are currently need to collect two or more replicates from compromised. Riparian zone improvements and the river during each sampling event.
City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study 18 Literature Cited
LITERATURE CITED Hubler, S. 2008. PREDATOR: Development and use of RIVPACS-type macroinvertebrate Armatrout, N. B. (Compiler). 1998. Glossary of models to assess the biotic condition of aquatic habitat inventory terminology. wadeable Oregon streams. Unpublished American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD. report prepared by the Oregon Department of Caton L. 1991. Improved subsampling methods Environmental Quality, Watershed for the EPA “Rapid Bioassessment” benthic Assessment Section. 51 pp. protocols. Bulletin of the North American Merritt, R. W., K. W. Cummins, and M.B. Berg Benthological Society 8:317-319. (eds.). 2007. An introduction to the aquatic Cole, M.B. 2008. Suitability of the MWCF insects of North America. Fourth Edition. Predictive Model and Conditions Thresholds Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, IA. for use with macroinvertebrate data from the 1158 pp. Prairie Terrace Ecoregion of the Willamette ODFW. 2002. Methods for Stream Habitat River Basin, Oregon. Unpublished report Surveys. Unpublished technical document by prepared for Clean Water Services, Hillsboro, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, OR. 7 pp. Salem, OR. Cole, M.B., and J.L. Lemke. 2008. Amazon Creek Stewart, K.W. and B.P. Stark, 2002. Nymphs of Drainage Basin Macroinvertebrate Study, North American stonefly genera (Plecoptera), Oregon, Fall 2008. Unpublished report 2nd ed. The Caddis Press, Columbus, OH, prepared for the City of Eugene, Public Work 510 pp. Department, Wastewater Division. Eugene, OR. 20 pp. USEPA. 2000. Western Pilot Study Field Operations Manual for Wadeable Streams. DEQ, 2003. Benthic Macroinvertebrate Protocol U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, for Wadeable Rivers and Streams. Regional Ecology Branch, Western Ecology Unpublished methods manual. Oregon Division, Corvallis, Oregon. May 2000. Department of Environmental Quality, Portland, OR. Wiggins, G.B., 1995. Larvae of the North American caddisfly genera (Trichoptera), 2nd Hawkins, C. P., J. L. Kershner, P. A. Bisson, M. D. ed. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. Bryant, L. M. Decker, S. V. Gregory, D. A. McCullough, C. K. Overton, G. H. Reeves, R. WQIW. 1999. Chapter 12: Stream J. Steedman, and M. K. Young. 1993. A macroinvertebrate protocol, Oregon plan for hierarchical approach to classifying stream salmon and watersheds. Water Quality habitat features at the channel unit scale. Monitoring Guide Book, Version 1.03. Water Fisheries 18 (6): 3-12. Quality Interagency Workgroup for the Oregon Plan. Hawkins, C. P., R. H. Norris, J. L. Hogue, and J. W. Feminella. 2000. Development and evaluation of predictive models for measuring the biological integrity of streams. Ecological Applications 10(5): 1456-1477. Hilsenhoff, W. L. 1982. Using a biotic index to evaluate water quality in streams. Technical Bulletin No. 132. Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI.
19 City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study
APPENDIX 1. REACH SUMMARIES
21 City of Eugene Macroinvertebrate Study Reach Assessment Summary
Stream Name: A3 Channel Reach ID: OLT03479-082 Location: Near Terry Street Latitude: N44.06278 County, State: Lane, Oregon Longitude: W123.19107 Date sampled: 10/5/2011 Reach Length: 80 m Field Personnel: J. Lemke, K. Laukkanen Physical and Chemical Conditions Summary Instream Physical Characteristics Reach Gradient (%) 0.6 At survey start, looking upstream 1 Wetted Width (m) 9.1 Bankfull Width (m) 11.2 0% 50% 100% % Rapids 0.0 % Riffles 0.0 % Rapids % Riffles % Glides/Runs 94.1 % Glides/Runs % Pools % Pools 5.9 % Other 0.0 Substrate 100.0 % Fines (FN) 80.0 % Sand (SA) 20.0 80.0 % Gravel, Fine (GF) 0.0 60.0 % Gravel, Coarse (GC) 0.0 % Cobble (CB) 0.0 40.0 % Boulder (BL) 0.0 % Bedrock (BR) 0.0 20.0 % Hardpan (HP) 0.0 0.0 At end of survey, looking downstream
% Wood (WD) 0.0 %OT % BL % FN % SA % GF % HP % CB % BR % GC % Other (OT) 0.0 % WD % Embeddedness 100.0 Large Wood Tally (pieces/m) 0.00 Embeddedness Eroding Banks (%) 0 Undercut Banks (%) 0
Riparian Zone Characteristics Overhead Cover (%) 90 Overhead Cover Riparian Buffer Width (m) 38 Riparian Zone Tree Cover (%) 75 Riparian Zone Non-Native Cover (%) 60 Dominant Adjacent Land Use AG
Chemical Characteristics Water Temperature (°C) 13.5 Dissolved Oxygen (% sat) 43.6 Conductivity (µS/cm) 80.8 pH 7.04 Time 11:15
Biological Conditions Summary ABR Sample ID: 11-672-01 Habitat(s) Sampled: Glides Sample Method: OR DEQ 8-kick composite
PREDATOR MODEL: Marine Western Coastal Forest O/E SCORE: 0.195
COMMUNITY ATTRIBUTES Total Richness 13 EPT Richness 0 HBI 6.0 % Tolerant Organisms 92.5 % Sediment-Tolerant Organisms 84.8 # Sensitive Taxa 0 % Dominance (2 taxa) 91.0 Reach Assessment Summary
Stream Name: Amazon Diversion Channel Reach ID: OLT03479-018 Location: Near Royal Avenue Latitude: N44.07193 County, State: Lane, Oregon Longitude: W123.20704 Date sampled: 10/5/2011 Reach Length: 300 m Field Personnel: J. Lemke, K. Laukkanen Physical and Chemical Conditions Summary Instream Physical Characteristics Reach Gradient (%) 0.0 At survey start, looking upstream 1 Wetted Width (m) 13.4 Bankfull Width (m) 16.9 0% 50% 100% % Rapids 0.0 % Riffles 0.0 % Rapids % Riffles % Glides/Runs 100.0 % Glides/Runs % Pools % Pools 0.0 % Other 0.0 Substrate 100.0 % Fines (FN) 90.0 % Sand (SA) 0.0 80.0 % Gravel, Fine (GF) 10.0 60.0 % Gravel, Coarse (GC) 0.0 % Cobble (CB) 0.0 40.0 % Boulder (BL) 0.0 % Bedrock (BR) 0.0 20.0 % Hardpan (HP) 0.0 0.0 At end of survey, looking downstream
% Wood (WD) 0.0 % BL % FN % SA % GF % HP % CB % BR % OT % GC % Other (OT) 0.0 % WD % Embeddedness 100.0 Large Wood Tally (pieces/m) 0.00 Embeddedness Eroding Banks (%) 0 Undercut Banks (%) 0
Riparian Zone Characteristics Overhead Cover (%) 0 Overhead Cover Riparian Buffer Width (m) 5 Riparian Zone Tree Cover (%) 0 Riparian Zone Non-Native Cover (%) 80 Dominant Adjacent Land Use AG
Chemical Characteristics Water Temperature (°C) 13.3 Dissolved Oxygen (% sat) 35.2 Conductivity (µS/cm) 77.0 pH 7.16 Time 8:05
Biological Conditions Summary ABR Sample ID: 11-672-02 Habitat(s) Sampled: Glides Sample Method: OR DEQ 8-kick composite
PREDATOR MODEL: Marine Western Coastal Forest O/E SCORE: 0.195
COMMUNITY ATTRIBUTES Total Richness 16 EPT Richness 4 HBI 6.2 % Tolerant Organisms 72.3 % Sediment-Tolerant Organisms 64.9 # Sensitive Taxa 0 % Dominance (2 taxa) 74.2 Reach Assessment Summary
Stream Name: Amazon Creek Reach ID: OLT03479-061 Location: Near Garfield Street Latitude: N44.04425 County, State: Lane, Oregon Longitude: W123.12403 Date sampled: 10/6/2011 Reach Length: 150 m Field Personnel: J. Lemke, K. Laukkanen Physical and Chemical Conditions Summary Instream Physical Characteristics Reach Gradient (%) 1.0 At survey start, looking upstream 1 Wetted Width (m) 7.8 Bankfull Width (m) 8.4 0% 50% 100% % Rapids 0.0 % Riffles 4.1 % Rapids % Riffles % Glides/Runs 95.9 % Glides/Runs % Pools % Pools 0.0 % Other 0.0 Substrate 100.0 % Fines (FN) 63.0 % Sand (SA) 0.0 80.0 % Gravel, Fine (GF) 23.0 60.0 % Gravel, Coarse (GC) 0.0 % Cobble (CB) 5.0 40.0 % Boulder (BL) 5.0 % Bedrock (BR) 0.0 20.0 % Hardpan (HP) 3.0 0.0 At end of survey, looking downstream
% Wood (WD) 1.0 % BL % FN % SA % GF % HP % CB % BR % OT % GC % Other (OT) 0.0 % WD % Embeddedness 91.2 Large Wood Tally (pieces/m) 0.00 Embeddedness Eroding Banks (%) 9 Undercut Banks (%) 4
Riparian Zone Characteristics Overhead Cover (%) 11 Overhead Cover Riparian Buffer Width (m) 5 Riparian Zone Tree Cover (%) 0 Riparian Zone Non-Native Cover (%) 75 Dominant Adjacent Land Use RES
Chemical Characteristics Water Temperature (°C) 12.0 Dissolved Oxygen (% sat) 50.5 Conductivity (µS/cm) 152.7 pH 7.86 Time 8:05
Biological Conditions Summary ABR Sample ID: 11-672-03 Habitat(s) Sampled: Glides Sample Method: OR DEQ 8-kick composite
PREDATOR MODEL: Marine Western Coastal Forest O/E SCORE: 0.097
COMMUNITY ATTRIBUTES Total Richness 12 EPT Richness 0 HBI 6.0 % Tolerant Organisms 83.2 % Sediment-Tolerant Organisms 82.3 # Sensitive Taxa 0 % Dominance (2 taxa) 88.3 Reach Assessment Summary
Stream Name: Amazon Creek Reach ID: OLT03479-041 Location: Near 31st Avenue Latitude: N44.02328 County, State: Lane, Oregon Longitude: W123.08215 Date sampled: 10/6/2011 Reach Length: 75 m Field Personnel: J. Lemke, K. Laukkanen Physical and Chemical Conditions Summary Instream Physical Characteristics Reach Gradient (%) 0.4 At survey start, looking upstream 1 Wetted Width (m) 3.0 Bankfull Width (m) 3.4 0% 50% 100% % Rapids 0.0 % Riffles 14.4 % Rapids % Riffles % Glides/Runs 58.9 % Glides/Runs % Pools % Pools 0.0 % Other % Other 26.7 Substrate 100.0 % Fines (FN) 64.0 % Sand (SA) 8.0 80.0 % Gravel, Fine (GF) 21.0 60.0 % Gravel, Coarse (GC) 1.0 % Cobble (CB) 0.0 40.0 % Boulder (BL) 2.0 % Bedrock (BR) 0.0 20.0 % Hardpan (HP) 2.0 0.0 At end of survey, looking downstream
% Wood (WD) 1.0 % BL % FN % SA % GF % HP % CB % BR % OT % GC % Other (OT) 1.0 % WD % Embeddedness 98.1 Large Wood Tally (pieces/m) 0.00 Embeddedness Eroding Banks (%) 3 Undercut Banks (%) 0
Riparian Zone Characteristics Overhead Cover (%) 91 Overhead Cover Riparian Buffer Width (m) 5 Riparian Zone Tree Cover (%) 85 Riparian Zone Non-Native Cover (%) 20 Dominant Adjacent Land Use RES
Chemical Characteristics Water Temperature (°C) 13.0 Dissolved Oxygen (% sat) 65.9 Conductivity (µS/cm) 189.0 pH 7.94 Time 11:04
Biological Conditions Summary ABR Sample ID: 11-672-04 Habitat(s) Sampled: Glides Sample Method: OR DEQ 8-kick composite
PREDATOR MODEL: Marine Western Coastal Forest O/E SCORE: 0.146
COMMUNITY ATTRIBUTES Total Richness 13 EPT Richness 0 HBI 6.4 % Tolerant Organisms 48.8 % Sediment-Tolerant Organisms 46.6 # Sensitive Taxa 0 % Dominance (2 taxa) 67.9 Reach Assessment Summary
Stream Name: Amazon Creek Reach ID: OLT03479-217 Location: At Kinney Park Latitude: N44.00323 County, State: Lane, Oregon Longitude: W123.07540 Date sampled: 10/6/2011 Reach Length: 75 m Field Personnel: J. Lemke, K. Laukkanen Physical and Chemical Conditions Summary Instream Physical Characteristics Reach Gradient (%) 0.1 At survey start, looking upstream 1 Wetted Width (m) 1.4 Bankfull Width (m) 1.7 0% 50% 100% % Rapids 0.0 % Riffles 0.0 % Rapids % Riffles % Glides/Runs 27.1 % Glides/Runs % Pools % Pools 72.9 % Other 0.0 Substrate 100.0 % Fines (FN) 59.0 % Sand (SA) 5.0 80.0 % Gravel, Fine (GF) 35.0 60.0 % Gravel, Coarse (GC) 0.0 % Cobble (CB) 0.0 40.0 % Boulder (BL) 0.0 % Bedrock (BR) 0.0 20.0 % Hardpan (HP) 0.0 0.0 At end of survey, looking downstream
% Wood (WD) 1.0 % BL % FN % SA % GF % HP % CB % BR % OT % GC % Other (OT) 0.0 % WD % Embeddedness 92.0 Large Wood Tally (pieces/m) 0.00 Embeddedness Eroding Banks (%) 8 Undercut Banks (%) 15
Riparian Zone Characteristics Overhead Cover (%) 98 Overhead Cover Riparian Buffer Width (m) 8 Riparian Zone Tree Cover (%) 75 Riparian Zone Non-Native Cover (%) 65 Dominant Adjacent Land Use RES
Chemical Characteristics Water Temperature (°C) 11.9 Dissolved Oxygen (% sat) 42.2 Conductivity (µS/cm) 154.9 pH 7.69 Time 14:21
Biological Conditions Summary ABR Sample ID: 11-672-05 Habitat(s) Sampled: Glides Sample Method: OR DEQ 8-kick composite
PREDATOR MODEL: Marine Western Coastal Forest O/E SCORE: 0.146
COMMUNITY ATTRIBUTES Total Richness 15 EPT Richness 0 HBI 6.0 % Tolerant Organisms 32.3 % Sediment-Tolerant Organisms 28.9 # Sensitive Taxa 0 % Dominance (2 taxa) 45.5 Reach Assessment Summary
Stream Name: Spring Creek Reach ID: COESC2011-01 Location: In Awbrey Park Latitude: N44.12569 County, State: Lane, Oregon Longitude: W123.14098 Date sampled: 10/4/2011 Reach Length: 75 m Field Personnel: J. Lemke, K. Laukkanen Physical and Chemical Conditions Summary Instream Physical Characteristics Reach Gradient (%) 0.4 At survey start, looking upstream
Wetted Width (m) 4.2 1 Bankfull Width (m) 9.8 % Rapids 0.0 0% 50% 100% % Riffles 0.0 % Glides/Runs 91.9 % Rapids % Riffles % Pools 3.2 % Glides/Runs % Pools % Other 4.9 % Other Substrate 100.0 % Fines (FN) 71.4 % Sand (SA) 0.0 80.0 % Gravel, Fine (GF) 25.0 60.0 % Gravel, Coarse (GC) 0.0 % Cobble (CB) 0.0 40.0 % Boulder (BL) 0.0 % Bedrock (BR) 0.0 20.0 % Hardpan (HP) 0.0 0.0 At end of survey, looking downstream
% Wood (WD) 3.6 % FN % SA % GF % BL % HP % BR % OT % CB % GC % Other (OT) 0.0 % WD % Embeddedness 66.2 Large Wood Tally (pieces/m) 0.07 Embeddedness Eroding Banks (%) 4 Undercut Banks (%) 0
Riparian Zone Characteristics Overhead Cover (%) 87 Overhead Cover Riparian Buffer Width (m) 8 Riparian Zone Tree Cover (%) 60 Riparian Zone Non-Native Cover (%) 30 Dominant Adjacent Land Use RES
Chemical Characteristics Water Temperature (°C) 14.5 Dissolved Oxygen (% sat) 31.0 Conductivity (µS/cm) 158.7 pH 6.58 Time 15:43
Biological Conditions Summary ABR Sample ID: 11-672-12 Habitat(s) Sampled: Glides Sample Method: OR DEQ 8-kick composite
PREDATOR MODEL: Marine Western Coastal Forest O/E SCORE: 0.195
COMMUNITY ATTRIBUTES Total Richness 17 EPT Richness 0 HBI 6.0 % Tolerant Organisms 25.4 % Sediment-Tolerant Organisms 22.5 # Sensitive Taxa 0 % Dominance (2 taxa) 65.7 Reach Assessment Summary
Stream Name: Middle Fork Spencer Creek Reach ID: MFSC1008-001 Location: Near Lorane Highway Latitude: N43.99507 County, State: Lane, Oregon Longitude: W123.14709 Date sampled: 10/5/2011 Reach Length: 75 m Field Personnel: J. Lemke, K. Laukkanen Physical and Chemical Conditions Summary Instream Physical Characteristics Reach Gradient (%) 1.4 At survey start, looking upstream Wetted Width (m) 1.6 1 Bankfull Width (m) 3.4 0% 50% 100% % Rapids 5.9 % Riffles 23.6 % Rapids % Riffles % Glides/Runs 56.5 % Glides/Runs % Pools % Pools 19.9 % Other 0.0 Substrate 100.0 % Fines (FN) 0.0 % Sand (SA) 0.0 80.0 % Gravel, Fine (GF) 16.0 60.0 % Gravel, Coarse (GC) 6.0 % Cobble (CB) 76.0 40.0 % Boulder (BL) 1.0 % Bedrock (BR) 1.0 20.0 % Hardpan (HP) 0.0 0.0 At end of survey, looking downstream
% Wood (WD) 0.0 % FN % SA % GF % BL % HP % BR % OT % CB % GC % Other (OT) 0.0 % WD % Embeddedness 10.4 Large Wood Tally (pieces/m) 0.23 Embeddedness Eroding Banks (%) 15 Undercut Banks (%) 17
Riparian Zone Characteristics Overhead Cover (%) 99 Overhead Cover Riparian Buffer Width (m) 50 Riparian Zone Tree Cover (%) 95 Riparian Zone Non-Native Cover (%) 10 Dominant Adjacent Land Use UND
Chemical Characteristics Water Temperature (°C) 11.2 Dissolved Oxygen (% sat) 66.4 Conductivity (µS/cm) 69.4 pH 7.40 Time 13:35
Biological Conditions Summary ABR Sample IDs: 11-672-13 (RI), 11-672-14 (RI-DUP), 11-672-15 (GL) Habitat(s) Sampled: Riffles and Glides Sample Method: OR DEQ 8-kick composite
PREDATOR MODEL: Marine Western Coastal Forest O/E SCORES: Riffle 0.585 Riffle-DUP 0.585 Glide 0.780
COMMUNITY ATTRIBUTES Riffle Riffle- DUP Glide Total Richness 30 27 29 EPT Richness 14 13 12 HBI 5.2 4.8 5.5 % Tolerant Organisms 50.7 32.9 20.1 % Sediment-Tolerant Organisms 50.1 32.7 16.6 # Sensitive Taxa 1 1 0 % Dominance (2 taxa) 62.1 45.1 49.6 Reach Assessment Summary
Stream Name: Delta Ponds Reach ID: COEWEDP2011-01 Location: Downstream of Beltline Highway Latitude: N44.09680 County, State: Lane, Oregon Longitude: W123.10440 Date sampled: 10/4/2011 Reach Length: 420 m Field Personnel: J. Lemke, K. Laukkanen Physical and Chemical Conditions Summary Instream Physical Characteristics Reach Gradient (%) 0.0 At survey start, looking upstream Wetted Width (m) 20.0 1 Bankfull Width (m) 32.4 0% 50% 100% % Rapids 0.0 % Riffles 0.0 % Rapids % Riffles % Glides/Runs 61.4 % Glides/Runs % Pools % Pools 38.6 % Other 0.0 Substrate 100.0 % Fines (FN) 100.0 % Sand (SA) 0.0 80.0 % Gravel, Fine (GF) 0.0 60.0 % Gravel, Coarse (GC) 0.0 % Cobble (CB) 0.0 40.0 % Boulder (BL) 0.0 % Bedrock (BR) 0.0 20.0 % Hardpan (HP) 0.0 0.0 At end of survey, looking downstream
% Wood (WD) 0.0 % BL % FN % SA % GF % HP % CB % BR % GC % Other (OT) 0.0 % WD % Embeddedness 100.0 Large Wood Tally 0.02 Embeddedness Eroding Banks (%) 0 Undercut Banks (%) 0
Riparian Zone Characteristics Overhead Cover (%) 19 Overhead Cover Riparian Buffer Width (m) 28 Riparian Zone Tree Cover (%) 78 Riparian Zone Non-Native Cover (%) 20 Dominant Adjacent Land Use IND
Chemical Characteristics Water Temperature (°C) 15.8 Dissolved Oxygen (% sat) 38.3 Conductivity (µS/cm) 144.3 pH 7.26 Time 11:33
Biological Conditions Summary ABR Sample ID: 11-672-11 Habitat(s) Sampled: Glides, Pools Sample Method: OR DEQ 8-kick composite
PREDATOR MODEL: Marine Western Coastal Forest O/E SCORE: 0.292
COMMUNITY ATTRIBUTES Total Richness 17 EPT Richness 0 HBI 6.2 % Tolerant Organisms 17.1 % Sediment-Tolerant Organisms 7.0 # Sensitive Taxa 0 % Dominance (2 taxa) 49.4 Reach Assessment Summary
Stream Name: Coast Fork Willamette River Reach ID: COECFWR2011-01 Location: Near confluence with Middle Fork Willamette R. Latitude: N44.02208 County, State: Lane, Oregon Longitude: W123.02418 Date sampled: 10/3/2011 Reach Length: N/A Field Personnel: J. Lemke, K. Laukkanen Physical and Chemical Conditions Summary
Habitat Parameter Score Condition Category Epifaunal Substrate/Available Cover: 11 Sub-Optimal At survey start, looking upstream Embeddedness: 16 Optimal Velocity/Depth Regime: 13 Sub-Optimal Sediment Deposition: 16 Optimal Channel Flow Status: 19 Optimal Channel Alteration: 18 Optimal Frequency of Riffles (or bends): 8 Marginal Bank Stability: Left Bank 7 Sub-Optimal Right Bank 9 Optimal Vegetation Protection: Left Bank 6 Sub-Optimal Right Bank 9 Optimal Riparian Vegetative Zone Width: Left Bank 7 Sub-Optimal Right Bank 9 Optimal At end of survey, looking downstream TOTAL SCORE 148
Substrate Characteristics Dominant Substrate Cobble Embeddedness Low
Chemical Characteristics Water Temperature (°C) 18.1 Dissolved Oxygen (% sat) 91.3 Conductivity (µS/cm) 51.7 pH 7.75 Time 13:05
Biological Conditions Summary ABR Sample ID: 11-672-06 Habitat(s) Sampled: Riffles Sample Method: OR DEQ 8-kick composite
PREDATOR MODEL: Marine Western Coastal Forest O/E SCORE: 0.535
COMMUNITY ATTRIBUTES Total Richness 24 EPT Richness 10 HBI 5.5 % Tolerant Organisms 13.0 % Sediment-Tolerant Organisms 9.5 # Sensitive Taxa 1 % Dominance (2 taxa) 56.1 Reach Assessment Summary
Stream Name: Willamette River Reach ID: COEWRDWKB2011-02 Location: Downstream of Knickerbocker Bridge Latitude: N44.05092 County, State: Lane, Oregon Longitude: W123.06737 Date sampled: 10/4/2011 Reach Length: N/A Field Personnel: J. Lemke, K. Laukkanen Physical and Chemical Conditions Summary
Habitat Parameter Score Condition Category Epifaunal Substrate/Available Cover: 14 Sub-Optimal At survey start, looking upstream Embeddedness: 16 Optimal Velocity/Depth Regime: 19 Optimal Sediment Deposition: 14 Sub-Optimal Channel Flow Status: 18 Optimal Channel Alteration: 16 Optimal Frequency of Riffles (or bends): 17 Optimal Bank Stability: Left Bank 9 Optimal Right Bank 9 Optimal Vegetation Protection: Left Bank 7 Sub-Optimal Right Bank 7 Sub-Optimal Riparian Vegetative Zone Width: Left Bank 5 Marginal Right Bank 9 Optimal At end of survey, looking downstream TOTAL SCORE 160
Substrate Characteristics Dominant Substrate Cobble Embeddedness Low
Chemical Characteristics Water Temperature (°C) 14.0 Dissolved Oxygen (% sat) 86.7 Conductivity (µS/cm) 40.7 pH 7.40 Time 7:55
Biological Conditions Summary ABR Sample ID: 11-672-07 and 11-672-07 (DUP) Habitat(s) Sampled: Riffles Sample Method: OR DEQ 8-kick composite
PREDATOR MODEL: Marine Western Coastal Forest O/E SCORES: Riffle 0.584 Riffle-Duplicate 0.632
COMMUNITY ATTRIBUTES RI RI-DUP Total Richness 26 31 EPT Richness 13 17 HBI 5.6 4.7 % Tolerant Organisms 26.9 40.1 % Sediment-Tolerant Organisms 25.5 22.0 # Sensitive Taxa 1 1 % Dominance (2 taxa) 26.0 19.3 Reach Assessment Summary
Stream Name: Willamette River Reach ID: COEWRDSOB2011-03 Location: Downstream of Owosso Bridge Latitude: N44.09346 County, State: Lane, Oregon Longitude: W123.11431 Date sampled: 10/3/2011 Reach Length: N/A Field Personnel: J. Lemke, K. Laukkanen Physical and Chemical Conditions Summary
Habitat Parameter Score Condition Category Epifaunal Substrate/Available Cover: 13 Sub-Optimal At survey start, looking upstream Embeddedness: 18 Optimal Velocity/Depth Regime: 9 Marginal Sediment Deposition: 13 Sub-Optimal Channel Flow Status: 19 Optimal Channel Alteration: 15 Sub-Optimal Frequency of Riffles (or bends): 17 Optimal Bank Stability: Left Bank 6 Sub-Optimal Right Bank 8 Sub-Optimal Vegetation Protection: Left Bank 4 Marginal Right Bank 5 Marginal Riparian Vegetative Zone Width: Left Bank 4 Marginal Right Bank 4 Marginal At end of survey, looking downstream TOTAL SCORE 135
Substrate Characteristics Dominant Substrate Cobble Embeddedness Low
Chemical Characteristics Water Temperature (°C) 15.4 Dissolved Oxygen (% sat) 93.5 Conductivity (µS/cm) 41.9 pH 8.09 Time 15:39
Biological Conditions Summary ABR Sample ID: 11-672-09 Habitat(s) Sampled: Riffles Sample Method: OR DEQ 8-kick composite
PREDATOR MODEL: Marine Western Coastal Forest O/E SCORE: 0.585
COMMUNITY ATTRIBUTES Total Richness 31 EPT Richness 15 HBI 4.8 % Tolerant Organisms 39.1 % Sediment-Tolerant Organisms 22.7 # Sensitive Taxa 1 % Dominance (2 taxa) 27.9 Reach Assessment Summary
Stream Name: Willamette River Reach ID: COEWRDSBB2011-04 Location: Downstream of Beltline Bridge Latitude: N44.10049 County, State: Lane, Oregon Longitude: W123.10309 Date sampled: 10/3/2011 Reach Length: N/A Field Personnel: J. Lemke, K. Laukkanen Physical and Chemical Conditions Summary
Habitat Parameter Score Condition Category Epifaunal Substrate/Available Cover: 13 Sub-Optimal At survey start, looking upstream Embeddedness: 18 Optimal Velocity/Depth Regime: 16 Optimal Sediment Deposition: 13 Sub-Optimal Channel Flow Status: 18 Optimal Channel Alteration: 8 Marginal Frequency of Riffles (or bends): 7 Marginal Bank Stability: Left Bank 9 Optimal Right Bank 7 Sub-Optimal Vegetation Protection: Left Bank 5 Marginal Right Bank 5 Marginal Riparian Vegetative Zone Width: Left Bank 4 Marginal Right Bank 7 Sub-Optimal At end of survey, looking downstream TOTAL SCORE 130
Substrate Characteristics Dominant Substrate Cobble Embeddedness Low
Chemical Characteristics Water Temperature (°C) 15.0 Dissolved Oxygen (% sat) 88.8 Conductivity (µS/cm) 42.2 pH 7.50 Time 7:55
Biological Conditions Summary ABR Sample ID: 11-672-10 Habitat(s) Sampled: Glides Sample Method: OR DEQ 8-kick composite
PREDATOR MODEL: Marine Western Coastal Forest O/E SCORE: 0.585
COMMUNITY ATTRIBUTES Total Richness 33 EPT Richness 19 HBI 4.7 % Tolerant Organisms 36.4 % Sediment-Tolerant Organisms 20.6 # Sensitive Taxa 0 % Dominance (2 taxa) 25.8