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The Case of Proposition 227 and the Ban on Bilingual Education
Discrimination by Proxy: The Case of Proposition 227 and the Ban on Bilingual Education Kevin R Johnson' & George A. Martinez It's dump on Latino time again.' INTRODUCTION In 1998, the California voters, by a sixty-one to thirty-nine per- cent margin, passed Proposition 227,2 a ballot initiative innocu- ously known as "English for the Children."3 This measure in effect prohibits bilingual education programs for non-English speakers in the state's public school system. This Article contends that this pernicious initiative violates the Equal Protection Clause of the * Associate Dean of Academic Affairs and Professor of Law, University of California, Davis School of Law. A.B., University of California at Berkeley; J.D., Harvard University. Thanks to Dean Rex Perschbacher for financial and other support. The authors thank Marion Cobar, U.C. Davis 2000, and Rogelio Villagrana, 2002, for able research assistance that made this article possible. We also thank our editor, Sharon Fiedler, for her hard work. Christopher David Ruiz Cameron, Mary Romero, and Sylvia Lazos offered helpful, although often critical, comments. ** Professor of Law, Southern Methodist University; BA, Arizona State University; MA (Philosophy), University of Michigan; J.D., Harvard University. Thanks to Dean John Attanasio, Southern Methodist University, and the Smart Legal Education Endowment for providing a summer research grant to support my research on this project. ' Don Terry, Bilingual Education Facing Toughest Test N.Y. TIMES, Mar. 10, 1998, at Al (quoting Antonia Hernandez, Executive Director and General Counsel for the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, commenting on Proposition 227). 2 See CAL. -
Acadiens and Cajuns.Indb
canadiana oenipontana 9 Ursula Mathis-Moser, Günter Bischof (dirs.) Acadians and Cajuns. The Politics and Culture of French Minorities in North America Acadiens et Cajuns. Politique et culture de minorités francophones en Amérique du Nord innsbruck university press SERIES canadiana oenipontana 9 iup • innsbruck university press © innsbruck university press, 2009 Universität Innsbruck, Vizerektorat für Forschung 1. Auflage Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Umschlag: Gregor Sailer Umschlagmotiv: Herménégilde Chiasson, “Evangeline Beach, an American Tragedy, peinture no. 3“ Satz: Palli & Palli OEG, Innsbruck Produktion: Fred Steiner, Rinn www.uibk.ac.at/iup ISBN 978-3-902571-93-9 Ursula Mathis-Moser, Günter Bischof (dirs.) Acadians and Cajuns. The Politics and Culture of French Minorities in North America Acadiens et Cajuns. Politique et culture de minorités francophones en Amérique du Nord Contents — Table des matières Introduction Avant-propos ....................................................................................................... 7 Ursula Mathis-Moser – Günter Bischof des matières Table — By Way of an Introduction En guise d’introduction ................................................................................... 23 Contents Herménégilde Chiasson Beatitudes – BéatitudeS ................................................................................................. 23 Maurice Basque, Université de Moncton Acadiens, Cadiens et Cajuns: identités communes ou distinctes? ............................ 27 History and Politics Histoire -
Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act and Its Place in "Post-Racial" America
Emory Law Journal Volume 61 Issue 2 2011 Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act and Its Place in "Post-Racial" America Enbar Toledano Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/elj Recommended Citation Enbar Toledano, Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act and Its Place in "Post-Racial" America, 61 Emory L. J. 389 (2011). Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/elj/vol61/iss2/4 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Emory Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Emory Law Journal by an authorized editor of Emory Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TOLEDANO GALLEYSFINAL2 4/3/2012 12:05 PM SECTION 5 OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT AND ITS PLACE IN “POST-RACIAL” AMERICA ABSTRACT The Fifteenth Amendment purported to withdraw race and color from the calculus of suffrage. Instead, it gave rise to an era of creative exclusion in which Southern states erected one barrier after another and Congress floundered in its attempts to secure the black vote it had promised. After ninety-five years, progress at last seemed possible with the introduction of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA), an echo of the Fifteenth Amendment fitted with shiny, new teeth. Section 5 of the VRA reversed the inertia of discrimination by requiring states with a demonstrated history of employing disfranchising voting practices to obtain federal preclearance before implementing any changes to their voting laws. The VRA has achieved tremendous success since its enactment, due in large part to the powers embedded in section 5. -
Identitarian Movement
Identitarian movement The identitarian movement (otherwise known as Identitarianism) is a European and North American[2][3][4][5] white nationalist[5][6][7] movement originating in France. The identitarians began as a youth movement deriving from the French Nouvelle Droite (New Right) Génération Identitaire and the anti-Zionist and National Bolshevik Unité Radicale. Although initially the youth wing of the anti- immigration and nativist Bloc Identitaire, it has taken on its own identity and is largely classified as a separate entity altogether.[8] The movement is a part of the counter-jihad movement,[9] with many in it believing in the white genocide conspiracy theory.[10][11] It also supports the concept of a "Europe of 100 flags".[12] The movement has also been described as being a part of the global alt-right.[13][14][15] Lambda, the symbol of the Identitarian movement; intended to commemorate the Battle of Thermopylae[1] Contents Geography In Europe In North America Links to violence and neo-Nazism References Further reading External links Geography In Europe The main Identitarian youth movement is Génération identitaire in France, a youth wing of the Bloc identitaire party. In Sweden, identitarianism has been promoted by a now inactive organisation Nordiska förbundet which initiated the online encyclopedia Metapedia.[16] It then mobilised a number of "independent activist groups" similar to their French counterparts, among them Reaktion Östergötland and Identitet Väst, who performed a number of political actions, marked by a certain -
The Nativist Lobby Three Faces of Intolerance
The Nativist Lobby Three Faces of Intolerance A Report from the Southern Poverty Law Center Montgomery, Alabama February 2009 The Nativist Lobby Three Faces of Intolerance By Heidi BeiricH • edited By Mark Potok the southern poverty law center is a nonprofit organization that combats hate, intolerance and discrimination through education and litigation. Its Intelligence Project, which prepared this report and also produces the quarterly investigative magazine Intelligence Report, tracks the activities of hate groups and the nativist movement and monitors militia and other extremist anti- government activity. Its Teaching Tolerance project helps foster respect and understanding in the classroom. Its litigation arm files lawsuits against hate groups for the violent acts of their members. MEDIA AND GENERAL INQUIRIES Mark Potok, Editor Heidi Beirich Southern Poverty Law Center 400 Washington Ave., Montgomery, Ala. (334) 956-8200 www.splcenter.org • www.intelligencereport.org • www.splcenter.org/blog This report was prepared by the staff of the Intelligence Project of the Southern Poverty Law Center. The Center is supported entirely by private donations. No government funds are involved. © Southern Poverty Law Center. All rights reserved. southern poverty law center Table of Contents Preface 4 The Puppeteer: John Tanton and the Nativist Movement 5 FAIR: The Lobby’s Action Arm 9 CIS: The Lobby’s ‘Independent’ Think Tank 13 NumbersUSA: The Lobby’s Grassroots Organizer 18 southern poverty law center Editor’s Note By Mark Potok Three Washington, D.C.-based immigration-restriction organizations stand at the nexus of the American nativist movement: the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR), the Center for Immigration Studies (CIS), and NumbersUSA. -
The Population Crisis: the Stork, the Plow, and the IRS, 77 N.C
NORTH CAROLINA LAW REVIEW Volume 77 | Number 1 Article 4 11-1-1998 The opulP ation Crisis: The tS ork, the Plow, and the IRS Mona L. Hymel Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Mona L. Hymel, The Population Crisis: The Stork, the Plow, and the IRS, 77 N.C. L. Rev. 13 (1998). Available at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr/vol77/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Law Review by an authorized administrator of Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE POPULATION CRISIS: THE STORK, THE PLOW, AND THE IRS MONA L. HYMEL* Tax policy can function as an economic and social tool to influence behavior. The U.S. Congress, however, has failed to use this tool in addressingproblems of overpopulationin this country. Instead, as Professor Mona Hymel argues, current tax policy exacerbates problems of overpopulation in three specific areas: reproductive rates, the strain on agricultural and natural resources, and the overconsumptive lifestyle of U.S. citizens. As it functions now, the U.S. tax system has a pronatalistbias, it fails to encourage sustainable farming practices and the conservation of resources, and it actually encourages overconsumption. This pattern can be altered, however, through proposals made by Professor Hymel such as environmental taxes, preferential treatment for practices such as organic farming, and the elimination of tax exclusions that encourage urban sprawl, to name a few. -
Mexicans in the Making of America
MEXICANS IN THE MAKING OF AMERICA MEXICANS IN THE MAKING OF AMERICA NEIL FOLEY The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England 2014 Copyright © 2014 by Neil Foley All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First printing Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Foley, Neil. Mexicans in the making of America / Neil Foley. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-674-04848-5 1. Mexican Americans—History. 2. Mexicans—United States— History. 3. Immigrants—United States—History. 4. United States— Relations—Mexico. 5. Mexico—Relations—United States. 6. National characteristics, American. 7. United States—Ethnic relations. 8. Transnationalism—History. 9. United States—Emigration and immigration—Social aspects. 10. Mexico—Emigration and immigration—Social aspects. I. Title. E184.M5F65 2014 973'.046872—dc23 2014010425 For Angela, querida madre de nuestras hijas Sabina, Bianca, and Sophia And for Latin@s— Past, Present, and Future CONTENTS Preface ix Prologue: “America’s Changing Colors” 1 1 Th e Genesis of Mexican America 13 2 No Estás en Tu Casa 39 3 Becoming Good Neighbors 64 4 Defending the Hemisphere 96 5 Braceros and the “Wetback” Invasion 123 6 Th e Chicano Movement 148 7 Brave New Mundo 179 8 Fortress America 200 Epilogue: “We Are America” 225 Abbreviations 241 Notes 243 Acknowledgments 320 Index 323 PREFACE Some readers might wonder why a person with a non- Latino name like “Neil Foley” would feel the urge or the need to write about Mexican Amer- icans and Mexican immigrants. It never occurred to me, growing up in the suburbs of Washington, DC, in the 1950s and 1960s, that I was any dif- ferent from the kids I went to parochial school with. -
An Alternative Media Selection
5/26/2019 American Pravda: Oddities of the Jewish Religion, by Ron Unz - The Unz Review The Unz Review: An Alternative Media Selection A Collection of Interesting, Important, and Controversial Perspectives Largely Excluded from the American Mainstream Media American Pravda: Oddities of the Jewish Religion RON UNZ • JULY 16, 2018 • 7,800 WORDS • 1,659 COMMENTS About a decade ago, I happened to be talking with an eminent academic scholar who had become known for his sharp criticism of Israeli policies in the Middle East and America’s strong support for them. I mentioned that I myself had come to very similar conclusions some time before, and he asked when that had happened. I told him it had been in 1982, and I think he found my answer quite surprising. I got the sense that date was decades earlier than would have been given by almost anyone else he knew. Sometimes it is quite difficult to pinpoint when one’s world view on a contentious topic undergoes sharp transformation, but at other times it is quite easy. My own perceptions of the Middle East conflict drastically shifted during Fall 1982, and they have subsequently changed only to a far smaller extent. As some might remember, that period marked the first Israeli invasion of Lebanon, and culminated in the notorious Sabra-Shatila Massacre during which hundreds or even thousands of Palestinians were slaughtered in their refugee camps. But although those events were certainly major factors in my ideological realignment, the crucial trigger was actually a certain letter to the editor published around that same time. -
. Or C a Urposes
U -s Form "990,pF Return of Private Foundation 05555551555-5552 1 or Section 4947(a)(1) Nonexempt Charitable Trust Depanmemonneiiiiemai Revenue service Note. The foundation neaswy may be able to use a Treatedcopy of this return to satisfyas statea repomngPrivate requirements. Foundation For calendaryear 2009, ortax year beginning ,and ending G Check all that apply: I Initial return M Initial return of a former public charity 111 Final return 1:1 Amended return lj Address change lj Name change use the IRS Name of foundation A Employer identification number Othianiise,I b I. HE UNZ FOUNDATION 20-7181582 print Number and sueel (or P O box number if mail is not delivered to street address) Room/suite B Telephone number 01111153 I 5 5 5 BRYANT STREET 371 (650) 853-0367 City Of" ALOt0Wfl, ALTO S1318, ,and CA ZIP 9 4 C0dB 3 0 1 C D lf 1-exemption Foreign application organizations, is pending, check check here herePD H Check type of organization: LX) Section 501(c)(3) exempt private foundation " check2 Foreign hem organizations and ami, meeting C.,,,,,,.,iai.,,., the 85% test " ill-I 1:1 Section 4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust E Other taxable private foundation E If nn,/ate fnundanon status was terminated l Fair market value of all assets at end of year J Accounting method: LXJ Cash 111 Accrual under section 507(b)(1)(A), check here Pm ("0/" Pa" //i C0/ (C)- //"9 75) Cl other (SPECIW) F If the foundation is in a 60-month termination 1 0 3 0 5 5 2 (P8ff/ CO/Um" (U) /TIUSI be 0" CBS/1 DHSIS) under section 507(b)(1)(B) check here DE I Part, I I (Qgfffliflrfoixfsnlgifgflgngfgmfiid$ I nn may notI (a) Revenue and* (b) Net investment I (c) Adiusted neti 1 (dthffbbjgesmenls necessarily equal the. -
DOCUMENT RESUME EC 142 456 AUTHOR Hargrcve, Erwin C
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 217 585 EC 142 456 AUTHOR Hargrcve, Erwin C.; AndOthers TITLE Regulations and Schools:The Implementation ofEqual Education for HandicappedChildren. INSTITUTION Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville,TN. Inst. for Public Policy Studies. SPONS AGENCY National Inst. of Education(ED), Washington, PUB DATE Mar 81 DC. GRANT NIE-G-79-0037 NOTE 304p.; Print is light inparts and may not reproduce well. EDRS PRICE MF01/PC13 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Administrator Role; Boardof Education Policy, *Compliance (Legal); *Disabilities; Elementary . Secondary Education; *FederalLegislation; Federal State Relationship; IndividualizedEducation Programs; Mainstreaming;Program Implementation; *School Districts;State School District Relationship; Surveys IDENTIFIERS *Education for AllHandicapped ChildrenAct ABSTRACT The study examines the implementation of P.L.94-142, the Education for AllHandicapped ChildrenAct, in one metropolitan school system. The firstsection details the background, enactment, judicial and legislative and politics of implementationof the law. Chapter 2 reviews theoriesand research about educational change, and the conditions for describes the study'sresearch design in which 9 sample and7 case study schools district and implementation were selected from 67 in the criteria designated.The school district from which the schoolswere chosen is examined in which touches the third chapter on merits and disadvantagesof the administrative structure, the history ofspecial education in implementation strategies the district, and employed. -
Proquest Dissertations
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 PARTY BEHAVIOR: THE RESPONSE OF AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES TO RACIAL, REUGIOUS AND ETHNIC GROUPS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfülnient of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Laurel Elizabeth Elder ***** The Ohio State University 1999 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Paul Beck, Adviser WUliam Nelson Herbert Weisberg Adviser Pohdcal Science Graduate Program Kira Sanbonmatsu DMI Number: 9941317 UMI Microform 9941317 Copyright 1999, by UMI Company. -
The Teflon Nativists: FAIR Marked by Ties to White Supremacy by Heidi Beirich
The Teflon Nativists: FAIR Marked By Ties To White Supremacy by Heidi Beirich The forces seeking to sharply reduce the number of immigrants coming to America won a stunning victory last June, when nativist anger at an "amnesty" for the undocumented scuttled a major bipartisan immigration reform package backed by President Bush. Many members of Congress were completely unprepared for the flood of angry E-mails, phone calls and faxes they received — an inundation so massive that the phone system collapsed under the weight of more than 400,000 faxes. They should not have been surprised. The furious nativist tide was largely driven by an array of immigration restriction organizations that has been built up over the course of more than 20 years into fixtures in the nation's capital. The vast majority of these groups were founded or funded by John Tanton, a major architect of the contemporary nativist movement who, 20 years ago, was already warning of a destructive "Latin onslaught" heading to the United States. Most of these organizations used their vast resources in the days leading up to a vote on the bill to stir up a nativist backlash that ultimately resulted in its death. At the center of the Tanton web is the nonprofit Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR), the most important organization fueling the backlash against immigration. Founded by Tanton in 1979, FAIR has long been marked by anti-Latino and anti-Catholic attitudes. It has mixed this bigotry with a fondness for eugenics, the idea of breeding better humans discredited by its Nazi associations.